SITE DOCUMENTATION + SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS

Downtown MIAMI

anamary fernandez francene halili viviana zuluaga

Figure 1 | Downtown Miami and Metro Mover Politics and Economics Stephen P. Clark Government Center Miami, FL

Figure 2 I Maps and Routes Figure 3 I Stephen P. Clark Government center

Political Organization Stephen P. Clark Government Center

“Downtown Miami serves as home to Miami’s major local, state and federal governmental Skyscraper organizations. Direct and easy access to these public administrative, regulatory and legal bodies are essential to businesses that interact with the public sector. Major organizations and institutions located in Downtown include the Miami-Dade County Government Center, City of Miami Administration Building, Rohde State Office Building, Claude Pepper Federal Building, U.S. Courthouse, Dade County Courthouse, and the U.S. Department of State American Passport Office amongst others. “ Modernism (DOWNTOWN MIAMI BUSINESS FIRST 1 DOWNTOWN MIAMI BUSINESS FIRST, 2016)

Dade county is 1985 governed by a mayor, manager, and a county commission. Within the city there are 29 governing towns each with its own governing body. The Florida department of transportation communicates to the governor. The department is distributed into districts of local authorities each with an administration, planning, production and operations.

Figure 4 I Florida Department of transportation Logo Figure 5 I Florida District Division Map

South Florida District 6 Miami Dade & Monroe Its roads are traveled more than 30.8 million miles daily. As of December 31, 2009, daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) on state roads for the district is 31,559.8. In 2008, for all public roads in the district, it is 56.7 million DVMT.

FDOT provides funding assistance to Miami-Dade Transit, which operates 893 buses in the district and the City of Key West Department of Transportation, which operates 17 buses. The area is also served by seven public airports, 78 private airports, two rail lines, and two deep-water ports: the Port of Miami and the Port of Key West. (“FDOT: District information,” 1996) FDOT Mission Vision and Values

The Florida Department of Transportation believes in an open government where various information is accessible to any resident interested.

Figure 6 I Florida Department of transportation Mission, vision and values Guidelines and Performance All Requirements for developmental services and zoning for transportation centers and any other urban center must meet Standard Urban Center district Regulations. These can be found in the miamidade.gov webpage.

SAFETY MOBILITY ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION ECONOMY

The Building Department enforces codes and regulations building permits for construction of structures and new buildings as well as any changes of buildings that already exist.

Figure 7 I Downtown Miami Metro Station Economy & the Future

Transportation Surtax and federal funds help provide funding for present and future projects,

Figure 9 I Economy

Reasons why Downtown is a growing hub:

• Business is growing. According to Miami DDA there is more than $10 Billion international investments. • Every Year more people chose to work in Miami • Florida is the 4th best state to do business within the United States, according to the tax Foundation • Accessibility to public transportation is the best in Florida. Figure 8 I 3rd State • 19th largest economy in the world Cultural and Social Underpinning Stephen P. Clark Government Center Miami, FL DOWNTOWN DEMOGRAPHICS

Figure 10 | Boundary Map DOWNTOWN DEMOGRAPHICS

From commuters, tourists and residents downtown is filled with residential, commercial and professional services match 235,000 the facilities and activities of the area. DAYTIME

88,540 RESIDENTS

$97,671 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME (40% HIGHER THAN MIAMI-DADE)

Figure 11 | Downtown Traffic Figure 12 | Residential Statistics SOCIAL UNDERPINNING DOWNTOWN MIAMI

OFFICE + RETAIL 80% of businesses within downtown are small businesses. Much of downtown buildings are mixed use. Executive offices that occupy most of the building and rent out extra space to smaller businesses. c

Figure 13 | Office Culture

Figure 14 | Office to Retail

Figure 15 | Downtown Shops SOCIAL UNDERPINNING DOWNTOWN MIAMI Figure 16 | Office Downtown Figure 17 | Downtown Banking

Miami is the second largest international banking center. BANKING Downtown Miami houses over 60 banks.

(Downtown Miami Business Review 2016,2016)

Recognized names in architecture, accounting, legal, real estate, engineering and other PROFESSIONAL companies that employ EDUCATION licensed professionals SERVICES choose to reside in downtown Miami.

Figure 18 | Miami Dade College SOCIAL UNDERPINNING DOWNTOWN MIAMI GOVERNMENT Figure 19 | Miami Dade Government Buildings Downtown Miami has become the centralized place to house most of the county and federal buildings. The concentrated area of Government buildings within downtown allow for accessibility and centralization.

Figure 20 | Government Workers Figure 21 | Downtown East View CULTURAL TRADITIONS DOWNTOWN MIAMI

MIAMI DOWNTOWN CULTURAL EVENTS Miami locals organize social gatherings and events within downtown to integrate the city with its people.

Figure 22 | Metro Soul Train Miami Metro Soul Train Roof Top Events Critical Mass

Figure 23 | Downtown Unplugged Figure 24 | Miami Critical Mass SOCIAL TRADITIONS DOWNTOWN MIAMI Figure 25 | Miami Transit Invite Figure 26 | Sounds From The Underground “Miami Never Moved Like This” Miami Dade Transit has started a new creative initiative by teaming up with local groups The New Tropic and Prism Creative Group to create awareness and engage locals about public transit through fun and exciting events. Using pop-up concerts, coffee shops, parties and performances along the metro lines their goal is to engage the generations to use all that public transit has to offer. (Bunster, 2016) JOIN THE MOVEMENT TRANSIT loves the ARTS Transit loves the Arts is an new campaign supported by the Miami Dade Transit where they will get local artists and display them on the buses, trains and stops. The campaign is also revamping the downtown maps and highlighting the arts & entertainment of downtown Miami. (Bunster, 2016) #METROMONDAY On Monday Miami-Dade provides a free pop up coffee shop at different metro stops. Figure 28 | Transit Loves + Arts Map Figure 27 | Metro Monday Geographic and Architectural Characteristics Stephen P. Clark Government Center Miami, FL Traffic Geographic Features Patterns

Traffic in Miami--especially the downtown area—is a consistent and evolving issue. During the

morning rush hour, the majority of Weekday 8:50am the traffic flow is heading north- east from south Miami-Dade toward the Downtown, Miami Beach, Coral Gables, and Fort. Figure 29 | MacArthur Causeway at Sunset Lauderdale areas, or south-east from the Ft. Lauderdale area. In the evening, the reverse results in congestion in the opposite directions. Based on the typical

traffic patterns of the area, the Weekday 2:40pm most congestion is not seen within the downtown area, but rather on the routes heading into and out of those areas. Major highways such as I-95, Route 836 and 826, and the MacArthur Causeway have the most traffic levels in comparison to other routes.

Downtown has a more pedestrian- Weekday 5:35pm friendly infrastructure in comparison to other areas in Miami. Many local residents walk to their destinations during peak hours and lunchtime. Weekdays seem to have a higher level of pedestrian activity in comparison to weekends (“Downtown pedestrian count,” 2009) Weekend 7:30pm Figure 30 | Google Maps Traffic – East Miami

Figure 31 | Google Maps Traffic Mapping Geographic Features

The majority of Miami’s downtown community is essentially a concrete jungle. With the exception of a few trees and greenery on sidewalks, block after block is dotted with buildings serving institutional, office, commercial, and high density residential typologies. Urban planning teams have attempted to incorporate small parks and green spaces for residents of the downtown and Brickell area, however, the lots of Figure 32 | Aerial View of Bayfront Park land are priced so high that it would result in a fairly expensive project that no one wants to fund (Malone, 2012). Downtown is bordered on the east by Biscayne On the other hand, there has been an increase in green roofs and Bay, separated from the rooftop or outdoor spaces due to their favorability and trendy Atlantic Ocean by Miami Hardscape character along with the spectacular views they provide. Beach and Key Biscayne. The Miami River also vs. runs through here all Landscape the way to Everglades, Topography granting many locals views and accessibility to water.

Miami’s Bayfront Park currently serves as the largest green space in the downtown area, residing right by Biscayne Bay and adjacent to Bayside Market Place and Museum Park. It is home of the annual Ultra Music Festival, in addition to other performance events, community yoga classes, flying trapeze lessons, capoeira classes, and more (Y, 2016).

The Perez Art Museum and soon-to-be-completed Frost Science Museum share a variety of open, interactive outdoor spaces and greenery that will add topographical diversity to the concrete- Figure 33 | Land Use Map Miami Dade County dominated community. Geographic Features

Sun

Figure 34 | Sun Path Diagram December - June Figure 35 | Sun Path Diagram June - December Orientation/ Views 1 Bayside Marketplace, Bayside Marina + Bayfront Park 2 Museum Park (PAMM + Frost Museum of Science) 2 3 Miami River 4 Select views of the Miami Skyline 1 Typically, Miami does not experience high winds with the exception of some pleasant breezes near the bay and the 3 ocean. The monthly averages for the Biscayne Bay area range Wind 4 from 8mph to 15mph (Weather, 2010), with some fluctuation depending on storms and daily weather conditions. The flow of wind within downtown is likely about 20-30% less than that of the area closer to the river and bay, due to the increased frictional drag that is higher on built urban surfaces (The Editors Figure 36 | Downtown Views of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016). Weather + Climate

UV Index: 8-9 At the day’s peak, Downtown Miami’s UV index varies between 8 and 9, which is considered very high. The climate in Miami is characterized by hot, humid summers and short, warm winters, otherwise known as a tropical monsoon climate. It is one of the few cities in the US that typically does not see snowfall at any time during the year, however, it does have a very wet season during the summer months, receiving about 62 inches of rain every year(Weather, 2010). Due to the increased concrete and built A unique attribute of Miami’s climate is the absence of the seasons. Rather structures, environmental than experiencing Spring, Summer, Winter, and Fall, the city has a wet season issues such as runoff and between May and October and a slightly drier season from October to April. acid rain become more concentrated since there Miami’s wet season is also considered Florida’s hurricane season. During this is less porous surfaces. time many tropical storms and hurricanes form in the Atlantic and either gets direct hits or experiences the showers and thunderstorms from its outskirts.

Another frequent occurrence in Miami’s weather are sun showers. Oftentimes, it will be a sunny day but there are small showers at the same time. They’re usually fairly short and the clouds move elsewhere quickly.

AVERAGE HUMIDITY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

91°Average F Summer High

60°Average F Winter Low

Figure 37 | Humidity Averages for Miami The Miami-Dade Public Library in of the downtown is a significant building in its Architecture architectural context. At the time of construction, the majority of buildings were of modern style which placed AREA emphasis on function and practicality. 1928 However, the architect Philip Johnson wanted its design to be expressive of culture, context, and history, since this was something that the area lacked due to the ongoing drug cartel and violence. Located within the Cultural Plaza, Johnson designed the library with a postmodernism/ neotraditional approach and incorporated elements that reference Spanish-Mediterranean architecture, such as the open gathering plaza and antique-style lamp posts. Though it received a lot of criticism, it was a transitional building for the urbanized sector of Miami (McCaughan, 2013).

Figure 40 | Miami-Dade County Courthouse

The MDC Courthouse is notably different from its surrounding structures, given that it dominated the city’s skyline for 35 years. Its Neo-Classical design was initiated to keep with contemporary ideas that the Figure 39 | Dade County Courthouse workings of the judicial systems of government were a solemn business to be housed in the dignified manner of the “ancients.” The skyscraper meets the desire for a “modern” building, as well as the 1985 community’s needs for expandable space with the use of terra cotta and granite, a ziggurat roof, columns, Figure 38 | MDC Public Library Entrance Facade entablatures, and balustrades (Eaton, 1985). Architecture of the The majority of structures within the downtown area are a product of the modernist architectural movement. During the construction boom of the 1980s, nearly all structures that erected in the area were guided by the principles of AREA “form follows function” and “truth to materials”—originally expressed by Frank Lloyd Wright-- in order to express a simple, practical, yet appealing design 1986 aesthetic. The Courthouse Center and Museum Tower are just two of the many buildings that demonstrate Downtown Miami’s characteristic style of the time, during which there was also a significant drug issue, violence, and an increase of immigrants due to El Mariel.

Figure 42 | Courthouse Center

Distinctive Characteristics • Emphasis on linear/ orthogonal relationships • Design with windows • Exposed structure (beams, trusses, concrete) 1986 • Simple design and materials • No excessive ornamentation or features – “less is more” Figure 41 | Museum Tower Architecture of the 2007 AREA

Figure 44 | Courthouse Atrium With a consistently increasing population, in recent years it has been understood Innovative and creative that there is a need to build taller solutions to the current structures and bring people to the urban issues of living provide an center of Miami. Architects have invested attractive incentive to draw in the urban development of Miami by in users of the space. With designing buildings in a way that reduce an emerging culture of art energy use--such as the Children’s and design in Miami, Figure 43 | Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. United States Federal Courthouse Courthouse which is LEED Silver newness and good design is Certified—and keep necessary services appreciated by residents of close to each other to minimize the downtown community transportation costs. and has elicited a unique 2018 development of iconic structures in the area. 2015

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE CAN… • Re-use old buildings • Integrate with the environment • Allude to Deconstructivism • Use technology

Figure 46 | One Thousand Museum Figure 45 | Sustainable Design in Children’s Courthouse Synthesis and ANALYSIS Based on the information gathered on the political and economic views of the Florida Department of transportation and Building Department of Miami Dade county, the issues of safety, mobility, accessibility, maintaining the economy and investing in the future growth of the city are the highlighted issues throughout. Miami is one of the largest metropolitan cities in the United States, therefore, as designers we must help create infrastructure and environments that promote these qualities positively. It is important to create a design that supports the growing population and the flourishing economy. The transportation hub may alleviate congestion and will support the growth of Miami's Downtown.

The social and cultural underpinnings of Downtown Miami is like most urbanized metropolitan areas. Mixed use buildings, tourism, government buildings and more make this area thrive and continue to be a leading city within society. Although the amount of square footage of building activities support the amount of people that come through the area each day, the public transit of Miami Dade stands as the issue at hand.

Due to today’s generation, new waves of initiatives to conserve energy is beginning to be brought to the forefront. Miami Dade Transit is teaming up with agencies to reach out to the population to promote the use of public transit. Miami locals and visitors are the first to complain about the congestion of traffic and the costs of gas prices, yet most would prefer to drive. Why does one of the largest cities in the country have a public transportation system that is not thriving beyond the worker and student culture?

Through our analysis, it can be deducted that most locals do not use the public transit for leisure. Once people start showing interest in the need for a more successful transportation system for Miami, the government might decide to allocate more funding in order to improve people's selection of transportation, but also improve their way of life. The culture within downtown is continuing to grow as a construction boom within South Florida emerges. Large events, social gatherings, and creation of new areas have helped to support the local culture of downtown Miami.

Overall, Downtown Miami’s climate is consistently hot and humid with no extreme weather activity, with the exception abundant rainfall, thunderstorms and possible hurricane threats. This indicates that it is important to focus on ways to make the interior accommodate for users’ comfort and safety when transitioning in and out of the space.

One aspect that is lacking within the downtown community is the presence of vegetation and outdoor features. With a climate that is usually favorable and pleasant for being outdoors, buildings in the area should incorporate more “green nodes” aside from the existing Bayfront Park and some scattered rooftop spaces.

Collectively, Downtown, Brickell, Biscayne and the waterfront areas of this urban center house many of Miami’s most admired and iconic views. There is a significantly higher emphasis on new construction around those areas rather than the business district of Downtown, where the Government Center resides. Perhaps by designing something innovative and unique within the neglected area of downtown more attention would be brought to the area and increase its value and public attraction.

The heavy traffic throughout the streets and highways is something the city is notorious for, however we found that the majority of the traffic is found on routes leading to and from downtown rather than within the urban area. This is an indicator that areas which have a stable transit hub in place leads to the reduction in traffic, setting a ground for the improvement or implementation of more large-scale transit hubs in other parts of the city.

The surrounding architecture is primarily of the construction boom which erected many buildings with a modernist aesthetic. Since the area houses many courthouse buildings and professional businesses and offices, there is a somewhat traditional character that is seen as well as the presence of contemporary design where there has been renovations. Consequently, it may be important to integrate aspects of both styles in order to maintain the concept of the area’s sophistication as well as the emerging arts and culture. Synthesis and ANALYSIS Design Guidelines

Political • Emphasize safety/ security and accessibility • Preservation of the infrastructure • Economy • Environment

Economic • Mobility • Progression

Cultural + Social • Inclusiveness • Delightfulness • Flexibility • Physical Interaction

Geographic • Transition • Comfort • Relate to exterior/ vegetation • Accommodate for various transit modes

Architectural • Openness + Connectivity • Wayfinding + Familiarity • Privacy Options • Complexity + Mystery Sustainability ANALYSIS REFERENCES Advameg. (2016). Miami: Geography and climate. Retrieved October 1, 2016, from City-Data, http://www.city- data.com/us-cities/The-South/Miami-Geography-and-Climate.html

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Y, W. (2016). What to explore in downtown Miami. Retrieved October 1, 2016, from The New Tropic, https://thenewtropic.com/downtown-guide/explore/ Figure 1 | Downtown Miami and Metro Mover. Hill, R. (n.d.). Downtown Miami and Metro Mover. Retrieved 3 FIGURE October 2016, from http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I00005PySriRl4Z4/s/750/750/downtown-Miami-phot o-by- Robin-Hill-c-with-metromover.jpg REFERENCES Figure 2 | Zuluaga, V. (2016). Maps and Routes.

Figure 3 | Stephen P. Clark Government center, 111 NW 1st street, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. / architect: The Stubbins associates, Inc. / completed: 1985 (2016) Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/miamiboy/21405651575 (Accessed: 26 September 2016).

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Figure 9 | Services, M.-D.C.O. (2012) Miami downtown development authority. Available at: http://www.miamidda.com/business_r esearch_current.asp (Accessed: 30 September 2016).

Figure 10 | Boundary Map: Boundary Map. (2016). Retrieved 3 October 2016, from http://www.miamidda.com/pdf/DDA_business_2016_web.jpg

Figure 11 | Downtown Traffic: Downtown Traffic. http://cheapvacationholiday.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/04/Miami _l%C 4%B1fe_17.jpg

Figure 12 | Residential Statistics: Residential Statistics. (2016). Retrieved 3 October 2016, from http://www.miamidda.com/pdf/DDA_business_2016_web.jpg

Figure 13 | Office Culture: Office Culture. (2016). Retrieved 3 October 2016, from http://www.miamidda.com/pdf/DDA_business_2016_web.jpg

Figure 14 | Office to Retail: Office to Retail. (2016). Retrieved 3 October 2016, from http://www.miamidda.com/pdf/DDA_business_2016_web.jpg

Figure 15 | Downtown Shops: Miami Jewelry. (n.d.). Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Miami_Jewelry_District_20100707.jpg

Figure 16 | Downtown Office: Downtown Office. (n.d.). Retrieved 28 September 2016, from http://www.hok.com/about/news/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/HOK_T ORONTONEW_02.jpg Figure 17 | Downtown Banking: Downtown Banking. (2016). Retrieved 3 October 2016, from FIGURE http://www.miamidda.com/pdf/DDA_business_2016_web.jpg

REFERENCES Figure 18 | Miami Dade College: Miami Dade College. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 September 2016, from http://www.flcollegeguide.com/wp-content/gallery/mdc/miami-dade-college.jpg

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Figure 20 | Government Workers: Government Workers. (n.d.). Retrieved 30 September 2016, from http://www.nauticwebnews.com/pics/2012/05/VOR-20120507- 04.j pg

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Figure 22 | Metro Soul Train: Metro Soul Train. (n.d.). Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fHM4eK6Y2JE/maxresdefault.jpg

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Figure 25 | Miami Transit Invite: Bunster, P. (2016). Transit Loves + Arts Map. Retrieved 3 October 2016, from http://prismcreativegroup.com/tag/miamis-never-moved-like-this/

Figure 26 | Sounds From The Underground: Bunster, P. (2016, September 28). Sounds from the underground. Retrieved October 2, 2016, from http://prismcreativegroup.com/sounds-from-the-underground/

Figure 27 | Metro Monday: Y, W. (2016). Metro Mondays: Free coffee pop up. Retrieved 3 October 2016, from https://thenewtropic.com/event/metro-mondays-free-coffee- pop/

Figure 28 | Transit Loves + Arts Map: Bunster, P. (2016). Transit Loves + Arts Map. Retrieved 3 October 2016, from http://prismcreativegroup.com/tag/miamis-never-moved-like-this/

Figure 29 | MacArthur Causeway at Sunset. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1516184/images/o-MIAMI-TRAFFIC-facebook.jpg

Figure 30 | Google Maps Traffic – East Miami. Government center. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.google.com/maps/place/Governm ent+Center/@25.777683,- 80.1928511,16.54z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x88d9b6999ec79f35:0x39427396b4a9f fa0!8m2!3d25.776034!4d- 80.196171!5m1! 1e1 Figure 31 | Google Maps Traffic Mapping. Government center. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from FIGURE https://www.google.com/maps/place/Governm ent+Center/@25.777683,- 80.1928511,16.54z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x88d9b6999ec79f35:0x39427396b4a9f fa0!8m2!3d25.776034!4d- REFERENCES 80.196171!5m1! 1e1

Figure 32 | Aerial View of Bayfront Park. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from http://images.miamiandbeaches.com/images/101123_2102_full.jpg

Figure 33 | Land Use Map Miami Dade County. (2015). GR AT IG NY PK WY NE 177TH ST EXISTING LAND USE MAP MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA URBAN DEVELOPMENT BOUNDARY single-family Two-Family Duplexes mobile home parks townhouses low-density multi-family high-density multi-family residential-government owned Housin. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from http://www.miamidade.gov/planning/library/maps/land-us e.pdf

Figure 34 | Sun Path Diagram December – June. (2007). UO SRML: Sun chart program. Retrieved 4 October 2016, from http://solardat.uor egon.edu/SunC hartPr ogram.html

Figure 35 | Sun Path Diagram June – December. (2007). UO SRML: Sun chart program. Retrieved 4 October 2016, from http://solardat.uor egon.edu/SunC hartPr ogram.html

Figure 36 | Downtown Views. Fernandez, A. (2016).

Figure 37 | Humidity Averages for Miami. Retrieved 4 October 2016, from https://weather-and- climate.com/uploads/average-relative-humidity-unit ed-states- of-america-miami.png

Figure 38 | MDC Public Library Entrance Façade. (2015). Retrieved 25 September 2016, from http://mediad.publicbr oadcasti ng.net/p/wlrn/files/styles/medi um/public/201312/m ain_library.jpg

Figure 39 | Dade County Courthouse. (2014). Retrieved 26 September 2016, from http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- maIXPSn-7DQ/U1EwNj8QybI/AAAAAAAAZh4/ehSY4TMCzPM/s1600/20140415_144336.jpg

Figure 40 | Miami-Dade County Courthouse. Retrieved 26 September 2016g, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dadecountycourthouse.jpg/250px- Dadecountycourthouse.jpg

Figure 41 | Museum Tower. Molina, J. (2014). Museum Tower. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5633/20689540209_57fe8600fc_b.jpg

Figure 42 | Courthouse Center. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from http://summadg.com/resources/images/large/Lawson_E_Thomas_Couthouse.jpg

Figure 43 | Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. United States Federal Courthouse. Dawn, M. (2014). Wilkie D. Ferguson Jr. United States Federal Courthouse. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from http://www.miamidailyphoto.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/08/08-08-Wilkie-D-Ferguson-Federal-Courthouse- 400-N-Miami-AV.jpg Figure 44 | Courthouse Atrium. Hill, R. Courthouse Atrium. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from http://www.e- FIGURE architect.co.uk/images/stories/miami/wilkie_d_fer guson_jr_arq150708_11_crobinhilltb.jpg

REFERENCES Figure 45 | Sustainable Design in Children’s Courthouse. (2016). Retrieved 26 September 2016, from http://www.enr.com/ext/resources/Issues/Southeast_Issues/2016/May/16-May/ENR0516_SE_Firm05_Miami-Dade- Childrens-Courthouse.jpg

Figure 46 | One Thousand Museum. (2013). Retrieved 26 September 2016, from http://www.designboom.com/w p-content/uploads/2013/05/zaha- hadid-one-thous and-museum-miami-designboom- 01.jpg