AMERICAN :20 MTN ,AVE:tA:A NENIORK !CV FEDERATION, ;.`IrORK

ORGANIZATION FOR REHABILITATION THROUGH TRAINING

VOLUME III, NO. 8 9 8 APRIL 1950 WOU Confers ;e. On Gov't Aid 14 During Dr. Aron Syngalowski's re- rs cent visit to Belgium, he met with Mr. se Mundeleer, Minister of Public Educa- th tion, and informed him about ORT's work all over the world and the finan- he cial assistance rendered to ORT trade ev schools by various national govern- ,o1 ments. Mr. van Praag, president of Bel- .a- gian ORT, supplied the Minister with ie- detailed information concerning the ee schools and Mr. Mundeleer evinced 61 great interest and promised to have the Ministry's Department for Vocational ils Training inspect the installations in the 35 near future. He also held out prospects of government subsidies. is ,A4 Dutch Committee as ORT students are training in the well equipped Vocational High School Shortly thereafter, Dr. David Lvo- of Vienna to become mechanics. ffe vitch went to Belgium and Holland to ed explore the possibilities of obtaining counterpart funds of the Marshall Plan le- Professor Discusses Economic, for ORT schools. He conferred with et- Clarence Hunter, American Chief of the in Social Readaptation of Jewry ECA Mission in Holland, and was also ct. received by the Minister of Social Af- Ed. Note: We reprint excerpts from an librium with its milieu. When this mileu fairs, who indicated interest in the work. article which appeared in Evidences, undergoes changes and the equilibrium A meeting was held with a number of French publication of the American Jew- Members of Parliament for the purpose ws ish Committee, similar to the American is destroyed, only those possessing suf- of organizing a Dutch ORT Parliament- IT magazine Commentary. Written by Pro- ficient vitality to adapt themselves can ary Committee. by fessor Maurice Nano, it is an interesting survive. survey of the social and economic situa- In Brussells, Dr. Lvovitch discussed Pits During the long years of the war, tion of European Jewry and the role of ORT with Mr. Nouvim, Chief of the d. ORT in creating a new social strata, a when Hitlerites and their followers ruth- ECA Mission in Belgium, and James is- Jewish working class. We are indebted for lessly destroyed Jewish communities, the Bryan, Chief of the ECA Labor Divi- rn the translation to Leon Denenberg, direc- necessarily concentrated their vi- tor of public relations for the World ORT sion. He also talked with the Belgian in- tal energy on defending their existence. Union. Administration for Economic Coopera- re- To obtain a new equilibrium under the Like all social problems, Jewish emi- entirely different conditions of the post- tion and the Ministry of Labor. Follow- gration such as we are witnessing today war period, the Jews of Central Europe ing these conferences, Belgian ORT pre- eli sented a request for subventions to all and the vocational training which it in- had two alternative choices: readapta- DI- the Ministries concerned. vr;Ives are primarily phenomena of tion on the spot or emigration. Today, fa- adaptation to societal changes. The first the sociologist, quite apart from any WOU Executive rill condition to be fulfilled for a group if value judgment, is bound to note the la] Just prior to these visits, members it is to live is that it must be in equi- 4's (Continued on page 4) (Continued on page 2)

Orr BUALETIN Anna Center Schneiderman

Official Organ of the American ORT Federation The Board of Directors and the Mrs. Schneiderman was the author of Published Monthly Except July and August American ORT Federation mourn the Influence of World War I on Women in 212 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N. Y. loss of Anna Center Schneiderman, Industry and a collaborator on Guide MUrray Hill 6-3222 whose untimely death on March 14 de- to American Social Problems, sections prived her family and on women, published Cable Address: AMORTFED, New York the entire Jewish com- by Columbia Univer- Organization for Rehabilitation munity of a truly re- sity Press, 1943. Through Training markable woman. She was, in addition, Mrs. Schneiderman consultant and advis- Volume III, No. 8 April 1950 was national vice- or to many national OFFICERS — GEORGE BACKER, President; president of Women's organizations in the MARK CARTER, DR. WILLIAM HABER, ADOLPH American ORT. She planning and imple- HELD, MRS. LUDWIG KAPHAN, WILLIAM R. was also a member of menting of leadership SINKIN, Vice - Presidents; JOSEPH WEINBERG, the Board of Directors training courses. Secretary; ALEXANDER DOLOWITZ, Treasurer; of the American ORT Born September 9, HARRY GREENBERG, Chairman Admin. Comm.; Federation. Chairman 1900. in Minsk, she PAUL BERNICK, Office Manager. of the Women's Amer- came to America in The American ORT Federation represents the ican ORT delegation 1902. She is survived World ORT Union, with which it is affiliated, to the Congress of the by her husband. Louis; in the United States. The World ORT Union World ORT Union in son, Howard Allen; is devoted to the vocational training and eco- Paris, 1949, and co- three brothers, Alex- nomic reconstruction of Jews throughout the chairman of the en- world. ander, Benjamin and tire American ORT Joseph Center; and The American ORT Federation currently re- delegation, she was two sisters, Sadie Cen- ceives its funds, exclusive of membership dues, elected to the Central by special agreement with the American Jew- ter and Miriam Levo- Board of the World ORT Union. ish Joint Distribution Committee, a member kcive. Much of her early interest in Mrs. Schneiderman was also vice- agency of the United Jewish Appeal. Jewish problems and her Hebrew edu- president of the Women's Division of cation was inspired by her father, Louis Annual Subscription Price-500 the American Jewish Congress and a Center, a distinguished rabbi and Entered as second class matter at the post member of the Executive and Admin- scholar. office at New York, N. Y. istrative Committees. Chairman of the American ORT has pledged to rededi- Conference Committee of National cate itself to the enormous tasks that Jewish Women's Organizations, she lie ahead in the field of vocational was also a member of the Executive training and rehabilitation and do its Confers on Aid Committee of the Jewish Book Coun- best to achieve those goals for which cil of America. (Continued from page 1) Anna Center Schneiderman devoted A contributor to many periodicals, her life. of the World ORT Union Executive Committee from Paris, Tel Aviv, Gene- va, Montreal, London, Rome, Johannes- burg and Brussels attended the meeting held in Paris this February. WAO President Receives Award Detailed reports on the activities of World ORT and its national affiliates Mrs. Ludwig Kaphan, national presi- zens of their communities and be for- for the period from October 1949 dent of Women's American ORT, was ever independent of charity and the be- through the end of February of this one of four women to receive citations neficence of others. A visit to any ORT year were discussed. as Jewish Women of Achievement. The center will impel a great feeling of The Central Office also presented a awards, presented by the Sisterhood of pride in the capacity of Jews to help detailed report on the teaching pro- the Brooklyn Jewish Center, largest in themselves." grams and the technical equipment in the country, were given at a ceremony ORT schools and outlined the present held on Monday, March 27, at the Cen- No Duplication relations with organizations such as the ter. Pointing out that all of the organiza- JDC, the Jewish Agency, IRO, ILO, Other recipients were Mrs. Rose Hal- tions represented were doing vital work UNESCO and the South African Jew- pern, president of Hadassah; Mrs. Irv- in the world Jewish community, Mrs. ish Appeal. ing M. Engel, president of the National Kaphan added that there is plenty of Dr. Syngalowski discussed the recent Council of Jewish Women; and Mrs. room for all and that the work of one negotiations between the JDC, Ameri- Blanche P. Gilman, president of the does not duplicate or overlap the work can ORT and World ORT for the 1950 Federation of Jewish Women's Organ- of the others. contract. Dr. Lvovitch delivered a izations. This citation is not only a recogni- supplementary report on problems con- tion of the invaluable work and out- fronting ORT in the United States. Feel Pride standing leadership of Mrs. Kaphan but The Executive Committee decided to Mrs. Kaphan, in describing the activ- also a tribute to the energy and devo- convene a meeting of the Central Board ities carried on by WAO, said, "ORT tion of all the members of Wome,-, of the World ORT Union in Switzer- is an organization which trains Jews so American ORT and to the pervasive land this coming July. that they may become integrated citi- ideology which underlies its vital work.

2 Tribute to Rabbi Weiler, ORT Mrs. Roubach in U. S. Paid at Reception in New York For National Tour Mrs. Louis "ORT and OZE are part of my Judaism, part of my philosophy of Jewish Roubach, presi- living," said Rabbi Dr. M. C. Weiler at a public reception held in his honor under dent of French the auspices of the American ORT Federation and the American Committee for Women's 0 R T OSE, Monday, March 27 at the Hotel Commodore, New York City. and chairman of Discussing the development and his- Executive Com- tory of the two organizations, he pointed work the JDC was not so well prepared mittee of Inter- out that with all the changes in society to do. We always found in these two national Wom- over the past decades, they have re- organizations not only partners ready to en's ORT, just mained and have now "acquired citizen- take over some work assigned to them, arrived in this ship status the world over." but partners who gave their initiative, Mrs. Louis Roubach country and will their knowledge and experience to the visit several Women's ORT regions and Prominent Guests JDC. We are especially grateful that chapters in the Middle West and on the The meeting, marking one of the last Rabbi Weiler and his community take East Coast. during a month-long speaking tour of such a great interest in these two organ- the United States, was also the occasion izations for which the JDC has the high- Work in for the prominent Jewish organizations est regard, and to which it pledges its Discussing the work carried on by the in this country to extend greetings to continued support." Rabbi Weiler. Among the representa- women's group in France. Mrs. Rou- tives, who hailed the energy and devo- Significance of bach said, "We are the mothers of tion of Rabbi Weiler and the South Af- Speaking on The Emergence of a New all of the pupils. We pay regular visits rican Jewish community to all causes in Jewish Life, Rabbi Weiler stated that to the schools and try to give personal the interest of world Jewry, were Dr. the new State of Israel will cause a re- assistance to the students who need it. Mark Wishnitzer of the American Com- volution in Jewish life. "Time," he said, We maintain a canteen with free mittee for OSE; Joseph Schlossberg, "will produce a healthy relationship bet- lunches, we help clothe and house and National Committee for Labor Israel; ween Jews in the English speaking coun- otherwise subsidize pupils and, in some Prof. Herman Grey, American Jewish tries and those in Israel." He said that cases, assist their families. Where there Committee; Mrs. Ludwig Kaphan, na- there was no problem of divided loyalty are cases which do not fall within our tional president of Women's American for Jews living outside Israel. "Jews will province, ive refer them to the proper ORT; Ralph J. Kaplan, founder of the be religiously attached to Judaism while agencies which have never refused to Universal College in Tel Aviv represent- culturally they will be bound to the Heb- help. We also maintain similar aid for ing the United Jewish Appeal; Julius rew culture which is emerging in the the students in North Africa." Hochman, vice-chairman of the Central new State, the Jewish cultural values of Swiss Women's ORT Board of the World ORT Union; Dr. the past and the culture indigenous to M. Sudarsky, Lithuanian Jews of Amer- countries where they live." Mrs. Roubach was instrumental in or- ica; and Dr. Henry Shoskes, overseas Discussing ORT and OZE, Rabbi ganizing a new women's group in Switz- representative of HIAS. Unable to at- Weiler told of his visits to the OZE erland which has accepted the responsi- for- tend, Jacob Blaustein, president of the homes and ORT workshops where he bility of taking complete charge of ORT be- American Jewish Committee; Nahum saw a material and psychological trans- students from France who are in need /RT Goldmann, president of the World Jew- formation of the DP's who found a new of special convalescent care. Mrs. Roil= of ish Congress and Marcel Franco, vice- hope and dignity. "I learned," he said, bach also spoke very enthusiastically lelp president of the American Friends of the "the meaning of the ORT motto—hands about the women's group in Casablanca Alliance Israelite UniverseIle, sent mes- —when I saw with what j oy the students which is carrying on excellent activity sages of greetings. in the schools took to their work." in that area. Liza- JDC and ORT Want Expansion in U. S. Since 1936, Mrs. Roubach has been rork Bernhard Kahn, chairman of the Among the tributes paid to ORT, were active in ORT and in 1949 was elected Ars. American Committee for OSE and vice- the remarks made by Professor Grey, to the World ORT Executive Commit- of chairman of the American Jewish Joint who stated that he and the American tee. She has visited Israel, North Africa one Distribution Committee, presided at the Jewish Committee would like to see an and the United States several times. rork meeting and extended the good wishes expansion of ORT training in the United of the JDC to Rabbi Weiler and to States where newcomers arrive daily and Africa, outlining the position of South gni- ORT-OZE. require vocational assistance. His com- African Jewry and the development of out- "I personally," he said, "was a friend ments were strongly supported by Julius new social problems. but of these two organizations long before Hochman, who appealed for greater un- evo- the JDC came into existence. After derstanding by American Jewish agen- Concluding his remarks on ORT and &L.'• World War I, the JDC was very happy cies of the importance of this work. OZE he said, "They occupy a special sive to find in these groups two specialized Rabbi Weiler also discussed the po- place in my heart because of the inval- ork. organizations which could do part of the litical and economic situation in South uable work they are doing."

3 Economic, Social Readaptation of Jewry

(Continued from page 1) phenomenon spells for each individual emigration of Jews from the East and fact that, in spite of the difficulties and case. the only positive aspect of the last act risks involved, a large proportion of Case Histories of a tragedy that defies our imagina- Jews from the East opted for the sec- It would be difficult for us to say tion; a process that is all the more sig- ond alternative, namely emigration. which of the ORT pupils whom we in- nificant in that it links up with similar terviewed were the most representative processes affecting the Jews of North Become Workers cases. As regards essential points, their Africa (Southern , , Since the end of the war, a consider- stories are very much the same. There , Egypt) and even Jews of the able number of Eastern Jews have, le- was a student of chemistry, formerly West. gally or clandestinely, been arriving in an assistant on the faculty of Bucharest, Historically Confined Western Europe either with the inten- who, having reached France after leav- The specific and common character of tion of settling there or with that of con- ing his country illegally, failed to find the social structure of the different Jew- tinuing their journey to Israel or to employment in his profession and as a ish societies in the world had, for many some country overseas. And here we last resort decided to learn oxy-hydro- years, been one of the rare features. The note an important point in regard to gen welding. There are others who spent pre-war sociologist had long ago ob- Jewish social life: a large number of months in Yugoslav jails before they served, in these communities, the typi- these immigrants, who in their native were able to continue their exodus. The cal preponderance of the middle classes, land, belonged to the middle classes, most painful and difficult cases are the the almost complete absence of the peas- were shopkeepers, white collar workers, older persons with family responsibili- ant class and the small number of fac- intellectuals and, more rarely, artisans, ties, for example the former office work- tory workers. are compelled by the exigencies of social er who came to France with a wife and Historically, this was explained in and economic conditions to learn man- child and now has only 16,000 francs Europe by the fact that in the Middle ual trades which facilitate their absorp- a month for all three to live on; of this Ages, since Jews had no possibility of tion into the economic life of the coun- sum, 5,000 francs is spent on the rent acquiring land and could be neither try granting them asylum. This latter of one hotel room in which they live to- landlords nor peasants, they remained confined in the cirdle of intermediate callings. In the United States of Amer- ica, the explanation was that pre-war immigrants hqd a tendency to persevere in the trades they already knew and were allowed to practice them in so far as they performed a function of value to the country's economy. So long as capitalist society was flour- ishing, this social structure did not, however, give rise to any disquieting problems. Concentration in a few trades no doubt favored anti-Semitism, partic- ularly in Russia and in the countries of Central Europe where the development of a non-Jewish middle class, which scarcely existed at the end of the 19th century, led to keen competition and furnished an economic foundation for the anti-Semitic superstructure. On the one hand, this competition and even the st. anti-Semitic excesses that accompanied A young man learns the problems of farming at the ORT school of Candies de PejoIs. it did not yet imperil the very existence of the Jewish communities and, on the emigration of Jews from the East is gether. The father is learning a manual other, emigration to the United Stites thus accompanied by a process of eco- trade in the hope that he will soon find acted as a safety-valve which, by ab- nomic and social readaptation, a process a job in a factory. sorbing the surplus, made it possible of proletarianization. The list could be continued at much to maintain a more or less stable equi- We need but visit one of the numerous greater length but it would always tell librium between the economic capaci- ORT vocational training centers to the same story, repeated in hundreds of ties of the Central European countries, realize the complex character, the suf- variations. It represents a process em- the influx of newcomers to the middle fering and also the vital energy that this bracing the best elements of the present classes and the number of Jews con-

4 of Northern Africa, of whom those .of Morocco and Southern Algeria again form a special group. With regard to the latter, apprenticeship in a skilled trade often means not only rising a degree higher on the social and eco- nomic scale but also the first contact with European thought and culture.

New Horizons And so, out of the suffering which the last 20 or 30 years have brought to the Jews, more so than to the rest of mankind, and from under the mass of ruins which the last war and fascist barbarity has left in Europe, life is once again returning. Out of the suf- fering of thousands of individuals who today are still illegally crossing the fron-

These students at the Hamburg school learn some theoretical aspects of d:.essmaking. tiers of Eastern Europe; out of the confusion of people who have seen all centrated in Russia, or Ruma- apart from vocational training, implicit- their habits and beliefs overthrown nia in their "traditional" occupations. ly instill into trainees, both young and and are obliged to begin life all over adult, a mentality and a moral philoso- again; out of the slow, organic adapta- Surplus of Professionals phy corresponding to the actual life tion, scarcely beginning, of the Jews In most countries of immigration that awaits them. The lawyer from of America and Western Europe, to the there is now a surplus of "intermedi- Budapest who is learning to be a wel- changes in the structure of modern so- ates" and of persons in professions, so der, or the son of the former manager ciety; out of the slow movement of Mo- that newcomers have little chance of be- of a Prague bank who is being trained roccan and South Algerian Jews toward ing integrated into the economies of as an electrician, are made to under- European culture; out of the creation their new countries. Faced by the neces- stand that they can and must live by of the State of Israel, a new social stra- sity of taking up manual work, a con- accepting without reserve the economic ta is coming into being, namely, a Jew- siderable number have chosen to learn and psychological reality of their new ish working class, representing an im- trades, thereby creating, within the emi- profession, with all that it implies in the provement and an adaptation to pres- gration mov ement, a strong tendency way of aspirations, hopes and prospects ent-day life of an ensemble of social toward manual occupations. in daily life. What is even more impor- groups which, throughout many centu- The State of Israel today has a popu- tant, they are induced to do so uncon- ries, had to bear the crushing weight lation of some 1,040,000 Jews and a sciously by the atmosphere of workshop of an inheritance handed down from statistical survey covering 389,438 im- and professional emulation that ORT the Middle Ages. It is a process whose migrants shows that about 50 per cent creates in all its training centers. scope and significance it would be diffi- cult to estimate at this moment, but the of these are workers or farmers. During It should be added that the extension the last twenty years, emigration to reality of which is undeniable; a process of the ORT network of schools has en- which, just at a time when the sky Palestine has been a means of salvation abled it to contact, besides the Jews of seemed to be the most overcast by for thousands of persons and, at the Central Europe, two other strata of ex- clouds, opens up new horizons and new same time, a process of social improve- ceptional interest. ment. hopes for the future. First of all, the Jews of Western Psychological Adaptation Europe and even those of Latin Amer- A Jewish worker, however, presup- ica. A very small but certainly increas- poses not only skilled workers but also ing number of these Jews realize, in Lauds ORT a psychological adaptation to this new view of the ever-growing difficulties en- Abe H. Karol. prominent leader of type of life which, at least in the first countered by the liberal and even by the Allentown Jewish community. generation, is extremely difficult to ac- the business professions, the desirability wrote the following comment In the quire. Reduced to its simplest terms, the of availing themselves of this opportun- visitor? book after seeing the ORT question is one of workers who are satis- ity to give their children vocational school in : "The work of the ORT is basic and fundamental. fied with their trade and who take it training. This is true no doubt of the The achievement of the Jerusalem for granted. lower middle class whose standard of school is amazing when one consid- living is about on the same level as that It is in this respect that ORT, which ers the brief period since they has established a network of vocational of the working class, for whom the started working there. I am grati- schools in all parts of the world, is car- transfer is easier to effect. fied and inspired and wish them ever rying out work whose value it would be Next, there are the 750,000 Jews in greater success. . . ." difficult to overestimate. ORT schools, Africa and, in particular, the 470.000

5 30,000 lire, representing a share of the funds raised at the bazaar, were donated World ORTRoundup to the Italian ORT Organization in rec- ognition of the wonderful job ORT is doing all over Italy. The fourth quarter report issued by Italian ORT indicates that there are a total of 68 courses with 1,542 students registered at the end of 1949. In seven trade classifications there are 906 males and 636 females. The largest group of 441 were under 20 years old. The 26 to 35-year-old group with 372 is the next largest. There are 17 pupils of 50 and over. Interesting figures are given on those who discontinued training in the last quarter. The largest group of 342 emigrated. Seventeen left because of ill- ness while 19 changed courses. Only 14 were dropped because of lack of apti- tude and 12 due to lack of interest.

Canada A unique class in the study of the Canadian Electrical Code is conducted twice weekly at the headquarters of the Canadian ORT Organization. All of the Girls sewing class at Brussels. students, survivors of Hitler's concentra- tion camps, are recent arrivals in Can- Germany, U. S. Zone district offices were closed during Feb- ada and represent four different coun- ruary and the Central Inspectorate De- tries of origin. Since their understand- A report covering the months of Octo- partment is being enlarged. ing of the English language is not yet ber, November and December 1949, re- up to the standard necessary for learn- ceived from the U. S. Zone of Germany, Italy ing technical subjects, the classes are shows a natural decrease of students in given in Yiddish which is known to all the various town schools as a result of The January issue of "ORT-Italia," the pupils. emigration, but steady enrollment was a bulletin issued by the Italian ORT The ten-week course is designed to maintained in the Rehabilitation Centers Committee in Milan, lists various inter- familiarize the students with Canadian •where TB's, post TB's or invalids are esting activities conducted by Italian electrical terms and prepare them for being trained, and also in camps where ORT during the month of December. the examination which leads to their be- so-called "hard core" cases attend ORT While touring various Jewish institu- ing licensed as qualified electricians. All courses. Thus, total enrollment in the tions in Milan, the Israeli Minister to of the students have had prior training U. S. Zone as of December 31 amounted the Italian Government, Dr. Ginossar, or practical experience and are at pres- to 1,247. Fifty-two students graduated visited the ORT school and was shown ent employed in this or allied fields of during the three months under report. around by Eng. Jarach and Mrs. Janna work. Because of this, classes are held Daring the course of the next months, Donati Vita. The Minister, who stated on Saturday evenings and Sunday after- it is intended to consolidate the schools that he was already familiar with and noons. for "free-living DP's" and operate only an admirer of ORT work in Israel, in Munich, Hamburg and Stuttgart. All greatly praised the work of the Milan the other schools of this type in the School and thanked the committee for Greece U. S. Zone will hold final examinations having given him the opportunity of vis- Greek ORT, which was founded in and cease activities. Schools in camps iting this school and becoming further July 1948 for the purpose of establish- for "hard core" cases and in the re- acquainted with the ORT work and idea. ing a vocational training school in habilitation centers will be more firmly November 26 was "ORT Day" in Athens, held its first General Assembly established, and are expected to pro- Italy, and in Milan the occasion was on January 22, 1950. On this occasion, vide even more efficient vocational train- celebrated by holding an exhibit of the Council expressed the gratitude of ing due to closer supervision, better articles manufactured at the ORT Greek Jewry towards World ORT Un- qualified teaching personnel and ad- schools, which was followed by a recep- ion. As of January 31, 63 pupils attend- ditional equipment which will become tion and dance. ed courses at the Athens ORT School. available from the closed schools. The Toys manufactured at ORT courses These courses included instruction in structure of ORT's administrative set-up for children in Torino were being sold mechanics, welding, drafting, dressmak- will also change since the individual at the annual bazaar of ADEI, and ing and cutting.

6

f the -sated Sard Resigns rec- is Post With ORT d by Edward L. Sard resigned from his ire a post as executive director of the Amer- dents ican ORT Federation on March 10 to ;even enter private business. In his letter of nales resignation Mr. Sard said, "I am con- 1p of fident that the ideology of the ORT 26 to movement will continue to attract even next broader segments of the Jewish com- and munity and all those interested in help- a on ing people to help themselves. Please the rest assured of my continued support 342 for the vital work of rehabilitation tf ill- through training." Reading from left to right are Mrs. Ludwig Kaphan, national president of WAO; Aaron ly 14 Mr. Sard has been associated with the B. Tart, of American ORT; Dr. Elinor Alice Steele, professor of psychiatry at Temple University in Philadelphia; Mrs. Peter Nagrem and Mrs. Sydney C. Orlofsky, both of apti- ORT movement for three years as the the Philadelphia Region of WAO. The occasion is the WAO annual institute held acting director of the Finance and Ac- March 28 in Philadelphia. Mrs. Kaphan acted as moderator. Dr. Steele discussed the counting Office of the World ORT Union ORT rehabilitation program in relation to children. Sharing the platform with her was Mr. Tart. Mrs. Nagrem and Mrs. Orlofsky along with Mrs. Samuel Marx, president of from May 1947 to August 1948 and the Region, and Mrs. Morris Malamud, were very active in arranging the institute. then as executive director of the Amer- f the ican ORT Federation from September icted 1948 to the present. McMahon Speaks Successful Meet Held f the Adolph Held, vice-president of Amer- f the At WAO Luncheon By New Haven ALO ican ORT, stated in his letter to Mr. nira- Sard, "Under the circumstances I feel Senator Brien McMahon, chairman of A highly successful meeting of the Can- that it would be unfair to urge you the ORT Congressional Committee, ad- New Haven chapter of American Labor oun- to continue as executive director and dressed the twelfth annual membership ORT was held in that city on March 25. Land- it is with the greatest reluctance that luncheon held by the Washington Re- President of the chapter, Morris Rice, t yet your resignation is accepted. I wish to gion of Women's American ORT on chaired the meeting which 60 members mrn- state that your association with ORT, February 27 at the Shoreham Hotel. and friends of ALO attended. are especially the American ORT Federa- Discussing his program for a United Joseph Tuvim, secretary of the Admin- all tion, has been very fruitful and produc- States peace crusade he also urged Sen- istrative Committee of ALO and member tive for the organization. Your admin- atorial ratification of the Genocide Con- of the Board of Directors of American d to istrative talents have been of great as- vention prepared by the United Na- ORT, guest speaker, told the assembled tdian sistance in fostering the growth of our tions. audience something about the history of t for movement and spreading its ideology Sharing the program with him was ORT from its foundation in Russia 70 be- among wider layers of the American Ira Hirschman, formerly with UNRRA years ago and traced its development to t. All Jewish community." and special attache at the United States the present. Emphasizing the purpose and ning The Administrative Committee of the Embassy in Ankara, Turkey. Discussing philosophy of the ORT movement, he pres- American ORT Federation appointed postwar reconstruction, he praised show ed the concrete meaning of ORT's Is of Paul Bernick, formerly assistant to the ORT's approach to the problem, say- basic concepts in the network of schools held executive director, to take charge of the ing. "Those who are occupied and those in Europe and particularly in North tfter- national office of American ORT. who are building with their hands need Africa. He also discussed the Israeli in- no handout." stallations as well as those in the Amer- Mrs. Ludwig Kaphan, national presi- icas. England dent of WAO, also addressed the audi- "If we are to build a new humanity d in A total of 56 students are now regis- ence, pointing out the constructive na- from the ashes of Hitlerite despotism Aish- tered for 5 courses which started on ture of the "inherently Jewish effort to and dictatorship," said Mr. Tuvim, "we I in January 1 at the London ORT school. improve the condition of world Jewry" must find ways and means of rehabili- mbly These six-month courses are in dress- and emphasizing the need for greater tating the many thousands of human sion, making, tailoring, fashion design, shirt- awareness of ORT's world-wide activity beings who lost their homes, their prop- le of making for beginners and advanced on the part of the American public. erty and their families. The many thou- Un- shirtmaking. In addition, the Golding- Mrs. Ernest Wolff, luncheon chair- sands of professional men, among them tend- ton Training Farm provides instruction man. opened the meeting and introduced lawyers, teachers and doctors, must now hool. in general farming, poultry farming, Mrs. Abe M. Cohen, president of the find a new method of living. They have in market gardening, engineering, and do- Washington Region, who challenged the been uprooted. Only through training mak- mestic science. The farm has a current group to increase its local membership will these people be rehabilitated so enrollment of 24. from 800 to 1.500. that they may not be pawns of charity."

7 So Much Depends On You United Jewish Appeal — 1950

The efforts of American Jewish com- Eighteen thousand must leave the DP munities during the past decade have areas of Germany, Austria, and Italy, wrought a transformation in the life of and many of them want to come to the world Jewry. Through the United Jewish United States before the DP Act expires Appeal and its three constituent agen- in July. In various Moslem lands, the cies—the United Palestine Appeal, the doors for emigration are open for tem- Joint Distribution Committee, and the porary periods only. United Service for New Americans, The JDC has a further major respon- whose 1950 budgets total $272,455,800 sibility to aid the reconstruction of the —hundreds of thousands of Jews have Jewish communities through an exten- been brought out of the DP camps and sive program of rehabilitation and train- the ruined cities of Europe, other tens ing, the latter in close cooperation with of thousands have been rescued from the American ORT Federation. the ghettos and the persecution of North Africa and the Middle East. Vocational Training

Rescue Operation In vocational schools and workshops supported by JDC in Europe and North The greatest rescue operation in Africa, children, young men and wom- Jewish history has been carried on by en and even elderly Jews in need of the Joint Distribution Committee since skills and trades are trained by ORT to the State of Israel was created. The DP become seamstresses, auto mechanics, camps are almost empty; more than electricians, carpenters, machinists and 200,000 Jews have been brought out of hundieds of other types of craftsmen. the countries of Europe; other tens of Two new citizens of Israel. Before and after emigration, the desti- thousands have been rescued from the tute must be given the opportunity to poverty, oppression, and terror which New Americans rebuild their own lives and to resume have been their lot in Moslem lands. citizenship as integrated and self-sup- Approximately 39,000 Jewish refu- "Now or Never" porting members of their communities. gees entered the United States during The JDC, which derives its funds 1949, the greatest number in any year Israel Settlement from the United Jewish Appeal, will re- since before the war. The United Service quire $44,512,000 during 1950 to carry Through a wide variety of construct- for New Americans and the New York on its vital program of emigration and ive activities, the agencies of the United Association for New Americans are sup- rehabilitation. Of the total of 146,500 Palestine Appeal are rebuilding an an- ported by funds raised through the Jews whom JDC will aid in their jour- cient nation for those who had almost United Jewish Appeal. They plan to aid neys to Israel or America, at least 48,000 forgotten the meaning of "hope" and in the absorption of an additional 25,- fall in the "now or never" category. "home." The glorious achievements of 000 in 1950. Among these are 20,000 Polish Jews, the past year and a half form the basis whose government has set a deadline of of even more enduring accomplishment American Generosity August, 1950 for emigration to Israel. in the current year. Since the inception of the UJA in 1939, have contributed more than $620,000,000 in support of its ORT BULLETIN program of immigration, settlement, re- lief, and rehabilitation. American gen- 212 Fifth Avenue erosity has helped make possible the es- New York 10, N. Y. tablishment and maintenance of the State of Israel. The UJA has financed the greatest migration in Jewish history, and has brought the Jewish people to the threshold of an era of mass rehabilita- tion and reconstruction. It is imperative that the job be brought to successful completion. American Jewry, through its. gifts to the United Jewish Appeal, must follow through on the job.