Бюллетень Дальневосточного The Bulletin of the Russian малакологического общества Far East Malacological Society 2012, вып. 15/16, с. 165–169 2012, vol. 15/16, pp. 165–169

First finding of Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915) (: ) in Russian waters of the Sea of Japan (Peter the Great Bay) L.A. Prozorova1, T.Ya. Sitnikova2, I.A. Kashin3, A.Yu. Zvyagintsev3 1Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia e-mail: [email protected] 2Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033, Russia e-mail: [email protected] 3A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690059, Russia e-mail: [email protected]

In September 2006, Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915) juveniles with shells nearly 3 mm in height were collected in Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, north-western Sea of Japan). A brief data on shell and body morphology of these specimens are presented. D. vitrea differs from known in the southern Russian Far East Diffalaba picta (A. Adams, 1861) conchologically, particularly by more wide spire angle of adult shell. This is the first record of D. vitrea in Russian waters, previously known only from Japan. Key words: Litiopidae, Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915), juveniles, first record, Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan. Первая находка молоди Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915) (Gastropoda: Litiopidae) в российских водах (залив Петра Великого Японского моря) Л.А. Прозорова1, Т.Я. Ситникова2, И.А. Кашин3, А.Ю. Звягинцев3 1Биолого-почвенный институт ДВО РАН, Владивосток 690022, Россия e-mail: [email protected] 2Лимнологический институт СО РАН, Иркутск 664033, Россия e-mail: [email protected] 3Институт биологии моря им. А.В. Жирмунского ДВО РАН, Владивосток 690059, Россия e-mail: [email protected]

В сентябре 2006 г. молодь Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915) с раковинами высотой около 3 мм была собрана с искусственного субстрата (горизонтальные металлические пластины) в зал. Восток (зал. Петра Великого, северо-западный сектор Японского моря). Представлены краткие сведения по морфологии раковины и мягкого тела этих моллюсков. Данный вид отличается от известного на юге Дальнего Востока Diffalaba picta (A. Adams, 1861) рядом конхологических признаков, в частности, большей шириной апикального угла взрослой раковины. Это единственный зарегистрированный случай нахождения в российской акватории D. vitrea, известного ранее только из Японии. Ключевые слова: Litiopidae, Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915), молодь, первая находка, зал. Восток, Японское море.

165 The gastropod family Litiopidae Gray, Collected microgastropods were assigned 1847 is of tropical origin, but its represen- to Litiopidae based on the following cha- tatives are distributed in the Pacific Ocean racteristics: a long active foot, presence northward to the southern Russian Far East. of propodial tentacles and podial mucous A rather diverse litiopid fauna is recorded glands, an operculum with a narrow spi- in southern part of the Sea of Japan, in Japan ral ridge on the attached surface, and the [Higo et al., 1999; and others]. In Russian shape of the rachidian tooth [Prozorova, northern part of the Sea of Japan, the only Sitnikova, 2010; Prozorova et al., 2010]. litiopid in the Diffalaba Then, a pair of epipodial tentacles on the Iredale, 1936 was known until recently. The sides of the foot were recorded as well as species was cited as Diffalaba vladivosto- propodial ones located on leading edge of kensis (Bartsch, 1929) [Golikov, Scarlato, propodium, one from each side [Prozorova 1967; Golikov, Kussakin, 1978; Volova et al., 2011]. All of these characteristics are et al., 1979] or as D. picta (A. Adams, structurally consistent features in Litiopi- 1861) [Kuroda et al., 1971; Golikov, Scar- dae [Houbrich, 1987; Luque et al., 1988]. lato, 1985; Higo et al., 1999; Gulbin, 2004, To understand precise of 2006; Kantor, Sysoev, 2006]. Sometimes, mentioned Diffalaba juveniles, a new this species was assigned to H. et morphological study was conducted. An A. Adams, 1860 [Golikov, Kussakin, 1978; overall examination of shell and Volova et al., 1979; Kulikova et al., 2000; morphology was made using a MBS-10 Golikov et al., 2001]. Comparison of spe- binocular microscope with scales. A de- cimens from Japan, Korea and the southern tailed examination was also carried out Russian Far East confirms the opinion that using Philips 525 Scanning Electron D. vladivostokensis is a junior synonym of Microscope. D. picta [Prozorova et al., 2011] inhabiting the coasts of China, Korea, Japan and the Diffalaba vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915) southern Russian Far East [Habe, 1968]. Figs. 1–3 In Russia, D. picta (syn.: Alaba vladi- vostokensis Bartsch, 1929) inhabits north- Conchological diagnosis: protoconch western part of the Sea of Japan from Pos- comprising 2.0–2.5 whorls, smooth, sjet Bay to Vostok Bay (Peter the Great glossy, transparent, light brown in contrast Bay) and probably southern Sakhalin and to dull teleoconch; teleoconch comprising southern Nevelskoy Strait [Golikov et al., 4 next whorls, thin, semitransparent when 2001]. This is a common species in shal- fresh, oval conical, with apical angle (mea- low-water seagrass habitats of the south- sured for 4 upper teleoconch worls) 50–55º, ern Primorye. In September 2006, juve- yellowish, sculptured by fine growth lines niles (shell height is nearly 3 mm) of an crossed by slight, strap-like spiral striae; unidentified Diffalaba were found to be last whorl is weakly angulated; aperture abundant on artificial substrate (horizon- drop-like, without columellar tooth; um- tally oriented metal plates) exposed in bilicus absent; operculum ovate, paucispi- Vostok Bay. Hydrological and other con- ral, transparent, with eccentric nuclei and ditions at that time were as follows: salin- fine ridge-like attachment scar below the ity 25−35‰, depth 4 m, rocky bottom. nuclei (Figs. 1; 2A).

166 Fig. 2. Juvenile shells (nearly 3 month old) of Fig. 1. Protoconch of D. vitrea from Vostok Bay two Diffalaba species from Vostok Bay (Peter (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). Scale bar – the Great Bay, Sea of Japan): A – D. vitrea; B – 1 mm. D. picta. Scale bar – 1 mm.

Smooth similar protoconch described D. vitrea (Sowerby III, 1915) from Japan for D. picta [Kulikova et al., 2000] indi- (Ise City, Mie Pref., Honshu) kept in shell cates that studied litiopids belong to genus collection of the Kyoto University Mu- Diffalaba. This characteristic is probably seum (Fig. 3A). Spire angle of four upper structurally consistent features in Diffa- whorls of the Japanese D. vitrea shell is laba, as well in Styliferina A. Adams, 1860 not less than 50º. Based on results of that (see Fig. 8B – Alaba goniochila A. Adams, comparison as well as on morphological 1860 in Sasaki et al. [2008]). In oppo- study the species is identified as D. vitrea site with that, representatives of Alaba previously known only from Japan [Higo and Rang, 1829 – et al., 1999] (Fig. 3A). (Orbigny, 1842) and This is the first record of D. vitrea in Rang, 1829 are characterized by proto- Russia which is probably introduced from conchs sculptured with numerous axial Japan. Subtropical waters are known to riblets and subsutural plaits [Houbrick, penetrate into Peter the Great Bay from 1987]. Studied microgastropods (Fig. 2A) March to September [Nikitin, Dyakov, are closely related to juvenile specimens 1998]. Members of Litiopidae have long- of D. picta (Fig. 2B) except for shell color living planktonic stage [Houbrick, 1987]. and shape of apical whorls. Spire angle of Larvae of D. picta are recorded in the their shells is wider significantly than that plankton from the mid-July up to mid- of D. picta (Fig. 2). September [Kulikova et al., 2000]. Plank- Discussed juveniles were compared tonic larvae of D. vitrea probably spread with the Internet obtained image [379 in the period of June–July 2006 with water Diffalaba picta vitrea, 2011] of adult masses from Japan to the northwestern

167 Fig. 3. Adult shells of two Diffalaba species: A – D. vitrea from Japan (Ise City, Mie Pref., Honshu, after 379 Diffalaba picta vitrea); B, C – D. picta from Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). Scale bar – 1 mm.

Sea of Japan and Vostok Bay. The recorded and observations in Vostok Bay. The only attempt of introduction of the subtropical species of the genus, D. picta (Figs. 2B; D. vitrea in Russia was not successful. 3B, C) is recorded during observations in Neither adult specimens, nor juveniles Vostok Bay coastal waters on eelgrass in were found during further years of studies September 2011.

Acknowledgements The work was supported by se- Principal investigator). The authors are gra- veral Science Foundations: FEB RAS teful to Dr. K.A. Lutaenko (A.V. Zhirmunsky (No.No. 12-1-П30-01, 09-I-П15-03, Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS) for 09-I-П16-04, 09-I-П23-01), RFBR (No. assistance with rare literature from his 11-04-00618-а, A.Yu. Zvyagintsev, Princi- library and to Dr. Ellen Strong (Smith- pal investigator; No. 12-04-90408-Ukr-a, sonian Institution National Museum L.A. Prozorova, Principal investigator) and of Natural History) for usefull discussion APN (ARCP2006-FP14, A.V. Adrianov, on the studied species morphology.

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