Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia Tourism in Southeast Asia Bringing people and their Heritage together International Council of Museums with the support of the Swedish International Development Agency and in partnership with Pacific Asia Observatory for Cultural Diversity in Human Development ICOM - International Council of Museums Edited by Prof. Amareswar Galla Maison de l’UNESCO 1 rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France Email: [email protected] Web: www.icom.museum PAO - Pacific Asia Observatory for Cultural Diversity in Human Development P.O. Box – 246, Kallangur QLD 4503, Australia Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Web: www.pacificasiaobservatory.org © ICOM 2010 - Paris ISBN 978-92-9012-400-9 Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia Contents Foreword 2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction 4 Workshop Program 10 Charter 15 Participants’ Papers Brunei 17 Cambodia 32 China 42 East-Timor 45 Indonesia 48 Korea 72 LAO PDR 75 Malaysia 87 Myanmar 94 Phillipines 110 Singapore 130 Thailand 139 Vietnam 149 ASEAN declaration on cultural heritage 172 List of Participants 176 ICOM Cultural Diversity Charter 179 Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia Bringing people and their Heritage together International Council of Museums with the support of the Swedish International Development Agency and in partnership with Pacific Asia Observatory for Cultural Diversity in Human Development Edited by Prof. Amareswar Galla 2010 - Paris Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia ii 2 Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia Acknowledgements The ICOM Phnom Penh Vientiane Workshop is the collective effort of all the participants listed at the end of this volume. It would not have been possible without the generous support of the Swedish International Development Agency. We also wish to thank Lilimor Lindh of the Agency for her assistance. All the Governments of the ten countries of Southeast Asia and East Timor played an active role in assisting with the development of the Workshop and ensuring the participation of appropriate people from their leadership teams. In particular we would like to thank the tireless efforts and excellent coordination and assistance from the museums and culture departments of Cambodia and Lao PDR. In particular we would like to thank, Khun Samen, Hab Touch and Kérya Chau Sun from Cambodia; and Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy and Viengkeo Souksavatdy from Lao PDR. The Working Group on the Phnom Penh Vientiane Charter commends special appreciation for their tireless efforts to sift through the Workshop materials and negotiate the drafting of the Charter: Intan Mardiana N.M. Hum, Indonesia, Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy, Lao PDR, U Kyaw Win, Myanmar and Angel P. Bautista, Philippines. Nguyen Thi Tuyet, National Museum of Women, Vietnam, played an important role in ensuring that women’s voices informed the whole Workshop process. We are grateful for the valuable support of the President of ICOM, Alissandra Cummins, ICOM Executive Council, ICOM Secretariat staff Jennifer Thévenot and Eloisa Zell and the ICOM Cross Cultural Task Force, especially through An Laishun, China. Pacific Asia Observatory for Cultural Diversity Human Development facilitated the coordination of the Workshop and prepared the Workshop documentation. Kim Selling, Philia Polites and Robyn Clubb of the Observatory played an important role assisting in copy editing papers written by participants with diverse language backgrounds. Women Participants Kim Selling, Jennifer Thévenot and Eloisa Zell Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia 3 Introduction - Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia by Amareswar Galla The Phnom Penh Vientiane Workshop and Charter were driven by participants who represented museums from linguistically and culturally diverse communities of Southeast Asia and Timor Leste. Its integrity, from preparation to follow up, has been overseen by museum leadership of entirely Asian linguistic and cultural background. It was the first of such major initiatives in Asia by ICOM. It addressed the concern that models from developed or rich countries, where museum contexts are well resourced do not necessarily work for museums and their communities in low economic indicator countries. ICOM is determined to promote cultural democracy and ownership in museum development through regional leadership. This is perceived as being essential for inclusive museums that ensure the continuity of cultural the development of genuine post colonial museology and contents and expressions in all their diversity. sustainable heritage development in addressing Millennium Some of the key challenges are the promotion of participatory Development Goals. It is also consistent with the principles of democracy and the bringing together of heritage resources and Ownership, Harmonisation, Alignment, Results and Mutual their neighbouring communities. The need for international Accountability of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness best practice in education, and training for the promotion of (2005). social ecology of community centred cultural development, Throughout this volume the text from materials provided by the has become critical. Social museological and ecomuseological participants has been kept to the original as far as possible. approaches provide the models to achieve this outcome. In this sense, it is a true record of what happened during this However, it is only now that the holistic conceptualisation of historical Workshop in Phnom Penh and Vientiane (hereafter community cultural values and heritage within the framework of PPV Workshop). Spelling has been left consistent within Sustainable Heritage Development is being gradually addressed each contribution and not necessarily across the volume. The for bringing together tangible and intangible, natural and readers are asked to bear with us for any inconsistencies. It is cultural, movable and immovable resources. The PPV Workshop commendable that the entire PPV Workshop, and this volume had considerable input into the 2007-2010 ICOM Strategic Plan. in English, has been produced by participants and facilitators who speak and work in languages other than English. The PPV The PPV Workshop addressed some of the key issues Workshop honours the commitment to linguistic diversity in relating to cultural mapping and community based resource safeguarding intangible heritage. It is also to put a human face development for effective participation in heritage tourism. The to globalisation and minimise, if not mitigate, the homogenising ultimate goal was to contribute to local economic development, forces that threaten the cultural diversity of humanity. job creation and poverty alleviation, maximising on the experiential value of heritage resources where museums The Stockholm Action Plan (1998) and the outcomes of the could become sites for engagement between all stakeholders World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg including domestic and foreign visitors. An integral part of this (2002) have identified the importance of cultural resources and approach was human resource development through capacity community empowerment through appropriate education and building, not only at the institutional level but also among the training in the promotion of a framework of Integrated Heritage primary stakeholders. Management or more aptly Sustainable Heritage Development. Standard setting international instruments of UNESCO, One of the urgent concerns is skilling for cultural mapping. especially the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001); There are several tools, methods and models used for cultural Convention on Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) mapping, from simple surveys to complex Geographical and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Information Systems (GIS). Given the rapid development of Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) challenge us to develop digital technologies, processing of data and the use of GIS, 4 Museums, Cultural Mapping & Heritage Tourism in Southeast Asia the translation of tabulations into enumeration areas and primary, secondary and tertiary stakeholders in the sustainable into spatially informative formats is simple and inexpensive. development of the Ha Long Bay World Heritage Area and the However, the mapping of data needs to be considered carefully usefulness of the Ha Long Ecomuseum as a methodology to focussing on relevance, appropriateness, ownership, respect mediate the tensions between conservation and development. for cultural diversity and intangible heritage, informed advocacy, Sustainable heritage development informed the non-duality of professionalism and community grounded approaches. Ha Long Ecomuseum projects where integrated approaches The First Voice of primary stakeholders could easily be to the binary of conservation and development are considered overwhelmed by latent technological heaviness. Museums are non-negotiable. The delegates also studied the rapid growth of critical vehicles for addressing this concern, especially ensuring tourism and the challenges of conserving fragile environments the cultural rights of primary stakeholders. and safeguarding the intangible heritage and cultural diversity of Ha Long Bay and its hinterland in Quang Ninh Province. Museums and heritage resources in Southeast Asia are increasingly drawn