Easy Rider (Buscando Mi Destino)

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Easy Rider (Buscando Mi Destino) Easy Rider (Buscando mi Destino) (EASY RIDER) Nº 307 (FEBRERO 2010) SINOPSIS Dos motoristas de Los Ángeles se embarcan en un viaje hacia Nueva Orleans intentado descubrir América. En el camino se encuentran a un montón de inusuales personajes, entre ellos un ranchero y su familia, o un autoestopista de una comuna hippie, antes de ser arres- tados en un pueblecito por parar sin un permiso. Su compañero de celda, un abogado borracho, les hace un gran favor sacándoles de la cárcel y luego decide unirse a ellos. FICHA ARTÍSTICA Wyatt .......................................................................... PETER FONDA Billy ........................................................................ DENNIS HOPPER Jesus ................................................................. ANTONIO MENDOZA Connection ................................................................. PHIL SPECTOR Lisa ...........................................................................LUANA ANDERS George Hanson ...................................................... JACK NICHOLSON FICHA TÉCNICA Dirección ......... DENNIS HOPPER Fotografía ........ LASZLO KOVACS Duración ......................... 94 min. Nacionalidad ......................... USA Productora ................. COLUMBIA Montaje ............. DON CAMBERN Año de Producción ............... 1969 Productor ............. PETER FONDA Música .................... MIKE DEASY (Color) Guión ............ TERRY SOUTHERN D. Artística ........... JEREMY KAY DENNIS HOPPER, PETER FONDA Maquillaje ................. VIRGIL FRYE EL DIRECTOR: DENNIS HOPPER Nacido el 17 de mayo de 1936 en Dodge City (Kansas), se trasladó con su fami- lia a Kansas City al término de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, dónde asistiría a clases de arte en el Instituto de Arte. Ya a la edad de trece años se trasladaría a San Diego, dónde comenzaría a interesarse por la interpretación, afición que trasladaría a sus estudios matriculándose en el célebre Actor’s Studio en Nueva York. Tras intervenir en diversos montajes teatrales, debuta en el cine con un papel no acreditado en la célebre Johnny Guitar (1954) de Nicholas Ray. Al año siguiente, de nuevo con Ray, interviene en Rebelde sin Causa, a la que seguir- ían títulos como Gigante (1956), Duelo de Titanes (1957) o Los Cuatro Hijos de Katie Elder (1965). En 1969 Hopper debuta como director y guionista con la mítica Easy Rider, film de culto que se convertiría en emblema de toda una generación y por la que obtendría el premio a la mejor ópera prima en Cannes y una nominación al Oscar al Mejor Guión Original. En las décadas siguientes continuaría dirigiendo de forma esporádica sin alcanzar jamás el éxito de su debut, mientras continuaba su carrera como actor con trabajos destacables en El Amigo Americano (1977), Apocalypse Now (1979) o Terciopelo Azul (1986). En los últimos años, Hopper reconducido su carrera hacia la televisión, además de participar en numerosos documentales como Dentro de Garganta Profunda (2005) o Andy Warhol: a Documentary Film (2006). FILMOGRAFÍA PRINCIPAL DEL DIRECTOR GALARDONES 1969 Easy Rider (Buscando mi Destino) (Easy Rider) FESTIVAL 1980 Caído del Cielo DE (Out of the Blue) CANNES 1988 Vigilantes de la Calle 1969 (Colors) (22ª Ed.) 1990 Catchfire (Catchfire) 1990 Labios Ardientes (The Hot Spot) Mejor Dirección Novel (Dennis Hopper) COMENTARIO En un libro colectivo tan imprescindible como poco leído, titulado ser nada fuera de ella- al menos sí en la profesión de cineastas. Dentro y fuera de Hollywood. La tradición del cine independiente en Mientras tanto, Hollywood yerra al insistir nostálgicamente en el el cine americano1, el crítico e historiador Antonio Weinrichter anota producto familiar: La Leyenda de la Ciudad sin Nombre (1969, Jos- que “la azarosa existencia [del] “Nuevo Hollywood” suele hacerse hua Loga) fue un gran éxito, pero representaba una vía muerta y, comenzar en 1967, año de Bonnie y Clyde (Bonnie and Clyde; Arthur vista hoy, algo ridícula como reinvención de un “país de nunca Penn) y de El graduado (The Graduate; Mike Nichols), o en 1969, año jamás”. En el mismo año en que se presenta esta película, Dennis de Easy Rider (Buscando mi Destino) (Dennis Hopper), para hacerlo Hopper dirige con muy bajo presupuesto y en condiciones de inde- concluir hacia 1975, año de Tiburón (Jaws; Steven Spielberg), o pendencia casi absoluta, Easy Rider (Buscando mi Destino). 1977, año de La Guerra de las Galaxias (Star Wars; George Lucas), aunque a veces se extienda al final de la década, hasta 1980, año de Y para sorpresa de la industria, Easy Rider se convierte en un éxito La Puerta del Cielo (Heaven’s Gate; Michael Cimino)… pero no más formidable. Con su canto a la cultura rock, a los espacios abiertos, allá. Este Nuevo Hollywood es el de Bob Rafelson, Robert Altman, al sueño de abrir las “puertas de la percepción” con la llave del LSD, Martin Scorsese, Dennis Hopper, Terrence Malick, Monte Hellman, a la utopía de la libertad plena, con su mezcla de iconografía wes- Brian de Palma… la mayoría de los cuales acaban la década de los tern, carretera y canciones de los Credence Clearwater Revival o de 70 en situación más precaria de lo que la empezaron”. Jimi Hendrix, el nervio del público joven resulta tocado. Ese público al que Hollywood sólo había podido dar un cine cada vez más auto- Como dejan bien claro las más de 500 páginas del libro citado, suce- paródico (las numerosas variantes del exploit o cine de géneros de den otras muchas cosas en el ámbito del cine americano durante en bajísimo presupuesto y vocación cuasi-gamberra, con su mezcla esas fechas. Por ejemplo, “sucede” Faces (1968), la obra maestra de domesticada de asuntos escabrosos y temas de moda, su práctica John Cassavettes, un completo outsider radicado en Nueva York bastarda del subgénero en versión concentrada y su culto implícito o cuya filmografía tanto recuerda a esa primera nouvelle vague france- explícito a la idiotez). Paradójicamente, Roger Corman, rey del ex- sa que, sin embargo, nunca imitó. En el lugar de la cinefilia adoles- ploit, tuvo entre sus discípulos grandes nombres del cine –de autor- cente que movía a Godard, Truffaut o Rivette, el de Cassavettes es que llegaría; por ejemplo, Scorsese. El primer largo de Spielberg fue, un cine con raíces en el teatro moderno americano, pero que además de hecho, un telefilme a la Corman, con atributos exploit y gestos de integra los hallazgos del direct cinema documental y algo de la liber- estilo (El Diablo sobre Ruedas, 1971). Para cerrar el círculo, el pro- tad de “escritura” del underground neoyorquino. La cámara de 16 pio Corman se indignará cuando vea Tiburón unos años después: mm. y los nuevos equipos ligeros de registro sonoro toman la reali- “han invadido mi terreno”, proclama al comprobar cómo la fórmula dad “por asalto”. Son los años de las nuevas vanguardias, también y “monstruo come chica” es de pronto adoptada por el cine de gran sobre todo en los USA (de Jonas Mekas a Andy Warhol, de Ken Ja- producción. En el fondo, Easy Rider también era algo así como una cobs o Stan Brakhage a Michael Snow). Son los años del cine políti- película exploit, pero destinada al hermano mayor: con coartada co; los años de las protestas anti-Vietnam; los años que ven florecer hippy y pretensiones de apología contracultural. El film, por si fuera y marchitarse el “flower power”, y en los que el rock (como sus ído- poco, mandaba al cuerno todas las normas narrativas para funcio- los) brilla fugazmente y muere: surgen los “rockumentaries”, como el nar, en cambio, como una película-experiencia. Desde ese momento, film Woodstock (de Michael Wadleigh, 1970), que celebra la contra- la tendencia del cine moderno hacia el relato abierto e itinerante, sin cultura mientras otro documental contemporáneo, Gimme Shelter final previsible y plagado de personajes errabundos, se convertirá (de los Hnos. Maysles, 1970) anuncia su fin cuando muestra a un casi en norma. Hopper no era precisamente un cineasta habilidoso, asombrado Mick Jagger ante la moviola, viendo morir apuñalado - y el hallazgo sería perfeccionado muy pronto por Coppola en Llueve fotograma detenido- al joven negro que a su vez le apunta a él con sobre mi corazón (1969) y, ya sin ensueños juveniles, por Monte una pistola, entre el público que asiste a un concierto de los Rolling Hellman en la fundamental Carretera Asfaltada en Dos Direcciones Stones… (1971). Luego llegará El Padrino, y los nuevos –y estimulantes- “bárbaros” se dejarán asimilar por la industria: el Imperio (de Holly- En ese período que nos hemos acostumbrado a llamar “convulso”, wood) contraataca… también los viejos clásicos realizan sus últimas películas o se buscan los garbanzos como pueden: John Ford dirige su última ficción en 1 Roberto CUETO y Antonio WEINRICHTER, eds.: Dentro y Fuera de 1966, y Howard Hawks en 1970. Vincent Minnelli, George Cukor, Hollywood. La Tradición del Cine Independiente en el Cine America- Elia Kazan, Nicholas Ray o Sam Fuller hacen voluntariosos esfuerzos no, Valencia: IVAC, Festival Internacional de Cine de Gijón, CGAI, por mantenerse, si no en la industria –Cukor o Minnelli no podrían Filmoteca de Andalucía, Filmoteca Española, 2004. SOBRE EL REPARTO PETER FONDA JACK NICHOLSON Hijo del famoso actor Henry Fonda, Peter H. Fonda nació en Nueva John Joseph Nicholson nació en Nueva York el 22 de abril de 1937, York el 23 de Febrero de 1940. Estudió interpretación en el pueblo iniciándose en el mundo de la interpretación gracias al cineasta natal de su padre en Nebraska, dónde más tarde asistiría a la uni-
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