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2016 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors
THE WORLD BANK GROUP Public Disclosure Authorized 2016 ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE BOARDS OF GOVERNORS Public Disclosure Authorized SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS Public Disclosure Authorized Washington, D.C. October 7-9, 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK GROUP Headquarters 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. Phone: (202) 473-1000 Fax: (202) 477-6391 Internet: www.worldbankgroup.org iii INTRODUCTORY NOTE The 2016 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group (Bank), which consist of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), held jointly with the International Monetary Fund (Fund), took place on October 7, 2016 in Washington, D.C. The Honorable Mauricio Cárdenas, Governor of the Bank and Fund for Colombia, served as the Chairman. In Committee Meetings and the Plenary Session, a joint session with the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund, the Board considered and took action on reports and recommendations submitted by the Executive Directors, and on matters raised during the Meeting. These proceedings outline the work of the 70th Annual Meeting and the final decisions taken by the Board of Governors. They record, in alphabetical order by member countries, the texts of statements by Governors and the resolutions and reports adopted by the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group. In addition, the Development Committee discussed the Forward Look – A Vision for the World Bank Group in 2030, and the Dynamic Formula – Report to Governors Annual Meetings 2016. -
Foreign Diplomatic Offices in the United States
FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES AFGHANISTAN phone (212) 750–8064, fax 750–6630 ˜ Embassy of Afghanistan Her Excellency Elisenda Vives Balmana 2341 Wyoming Avenue, NW., Washington, DC Ambassador E. and P. 20008 Consular Office: California, La Jolla phone (202) 483–6410, fax 483–6488 ANGOLA His Excellency Hamdullah Mohib Ambassador E. and P. Embassy of the Republic of Angola Consular Offices: 2100–2108 16th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20009 California, Los Angeles phone (202) 785–1156, fax 785–1258 New York, New York His Excellency Agostinho Tavares da Silva Neto AFRICAN UNION Ambassador E. and P. Delegation of the African Union Mission Consular Offices: 1640 Wisconsin Avenue, NW., Washington, DC California, Los Angeles 20007 New York, New York Embassy of the African Union Texas, Houston phone (202) 342–1100, fax 342–1101 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Her Excellency Arikana Chihombori Quao Embassy of Antigua and Barbuda Ambassador (Head of Delegation) 3216 New Mexico Avenue, NW., Washington, DC ALBANIA 20016 Embassy of the Republic of Albania phone (202) 362–5122, fax 362–5225 2100 S Street, NW., Washington, DC 20008 His Excellency Ronald Sanders phone (202) 223–4942, fax 628–7342 Ambassador E. and P. Her Excellency Floreta Faber Consular Offices: Ambassador E. and P. District of Columbia, Washington Consular Offices: Florida, Miami Connecticut, Greenwich New York, New York Georgia, Avondale Estates Puerto Rico, Guaynabo Louisiana, New Orleans ARGENTINA Massachusetts, Boston Embassy of the Argentine Republic Michigan, West Bloomfield -
17 13Oct2020 (221)
REPUBLIC OF NAURU Nauru Bulletin Issue 17-2020/221 13 October 2020 Presidents hail special MPS a success COVID-free Micronesia holds largest in-person meeting since the start of the pandemic he special meeting of the President Aingimea says the outcomes TMicronesian Presidents’ Summit is are positive as the meeting strengthens hailed a success by the five presidents of the bond of the Micronesian region in the regional group. coming together and underscores the The meeting held in the Republic of Palau progressive systems and strategies in from 1 to 3 October is in conjunction place to keep their countries safe from with Palau’s 26th Independence Day COVID. celebrations, in which President Lionel The meeting also solidifies the strong Aingimea and the Presidents of Kiribati, stance behind the groups’ preferred Marshall Islands and the Federated candidate for the position of secretary- States of Micronesia were extended an general of the Pacific Islands Forum invitation to attend. (PIF); a selection that is now contested Nauru and the Marshall Islands led high Presidents of the Micronesian countries at the opening by four other candidates. level delegations to attend both events, of the special MPS meeting in Palau, 30Sep As a result, the Micronesian leaders while the Presidents of Kiribati and FSM issued a strong statement where they attended virtually. will withdraw from the PIF if the President Aingimea says the in-person ‘gentleman’s agreement’ and the Pacific The meeting is the largest in-person meeting meeting demonstrates to the world the Way of rotating the position among the sub- of Pacific leaders to be held since the global region’s effective strategies in maintaining regions is not honoured and Micronesia is COVID-19 pandemic was declared by their COVID-free status and the respect and not allowed its turn for the SG post. -
Republic of the Marshall Islands Changed Circumstances Petition to Congress
Order Code RL32811 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Republic of the Marshall Islands Changed Circumstances Petition to Congress Updated August 30, 2005 (name redacted) (Coordinator) Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Kenneth Thomas and (name redacted) American Law Division, Domestic Social Policy Division David Bearden, (name redacted), and (name redacted) Resources, Science, and Industry Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Republic of the Marshall Islands Changed Circumstances Petition to Congress Summary In September 2000, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) government submitted to the United States Congress a Changed Circumstances Petition related to U.S. nuclear testing on the Marshall Islands atolls of Bikini and Enewetak during the 1940s and 1950s. The Petition requests additional compensation for personal injuries and property damages and restoration costs, medical care programs, health services infrastructure and training, and radiological monitoring. According to various estimates, between 1954 and 2004, the United States spent over $500 million on nuclear test compensation and related assistance in the Marshall Islands. The Petition bases its claims for compensation upon “changed circumstances” pursuant to Section 177 of the Compact of Free Association. The Compact of Free Association, enacted in 1986, governs the economic and strategic relationships between the United States and the RMI. The Section 177 Agreement granted $150 million as part of a “full and final -
Lingering Radioactivity at the Bikini and Enewetak Atolls (Pdf)
Science of the Total Environment 621 (2018) 1185–1198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Lingering radioactivity at the Bikini and Enewetak Atolls Ken O. Buesseler ⁎, Matthew A. Charette, Steven M. Pike, Paul B. Henderson, Lauren E. Kipp Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • Both 239,240Pu and 137Cs remain elevated today at Bikini and Enewetak Atolls. • These sites remain a small long term source of Pu and Cs to the North Pacific. • About half of the Pu in the waters at Enewetak Lagoon originates near Runit Dome. • Only a small fraction of Pu and Cs from Runit Dome is delivered via groundwater. article info abstract Article history: We made an assessment of the levels of radionuclides in the ocean waters, seafloor and groundwater at Bikini Received 4 August 2017 and Enewetak Atolls where the US conducted nuclear weapons tests in the 1940's and 50's. This included the Received in revised form 5 October 2017 first estimates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) derived from radium isotopes that can be used here Accepted 12 October 2017 to calculate radionuclide fluxes in to the lagoon waters. While there is significant variability between sites and Available online 30 October 2017 sample types, levels of plutonium (239,240Pu) remain several orders of magnitude higher in lagoon seawater 137 Editor: D. Barcelo and sediments than what is found in rest of the world's oceans. In contrast, levels of cesium-137 ( Cs) while relatively elevated in brackish groundwater are only slightly higher in the lagoon water relative to North Pacific Keywords: surface waters. -
124 the Contemporary Pacific • 21:1 (2009) Kelly G
124 the contemporary pacifi c • 21:1 (2009) prison sentence. In a third case involv- nine days earlier, when then-Speaker ing credit cards, the attorney general’s of the Nitijela (Parliament) Litokwa offi ce moved to dismiss “with preju- Tomeing left the United Democratic dice” criminal charges against former Party (udp) and announced his sup- Guam Economic Development and port for, among other initiatives, the Commerce Authority General Man- Aelon Kein Ad (aka) party platform ager Ed Untalan, explaining that they to recognize the People’s Republic of had found no criminal intent involved. China. Tomeing, who became Speaker One of Governor Camacho’s top and was prominent in the udp leader- advisers, Tony Sanchez, quit his post ship when it came to power in 2000, on Camacho’s staff. Months earlier, was quoted as saying, “Our govern- during his previous tenure as superior ment needs to change. Our current court administrator, Sanchez had been leaders have lost their steam and they indicted in a money-laundering case shouldn’t be allowed to continue” relating to payments to notorious (MIJ, 2007c). Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff. There was little smooth sailing for kelly g marsh the Note administration in the run- up to the election. At the end of July Special thanks to Julian Aguon and 2007, Minister of Foreign Affairs Tyrone Taitano for contributing their Gerald Zackios resigned his cabinet perspectives and for reading through position shortly after testifying at a US an earlier draft of this review. House of Representatives subcommit- tee hearing on the Compact of Free Association, although he retained his Reference Senate seat from Arno Atoll. -
Trade Dependency As an Impediment to Autonomous Foreign Policy of Small States? a Test of the Patron-Client Model
TRADE DEPENDENCY AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO AUTONOMOUS FOREIGN POLICY OF SMALL STATES? A TEST OF THE PATRON-CLIENT MODEL HELENA LAUREYNS PROF W. VEENENDAAL PROF F. Bakker 17/07/2019 8076 Words Introduction On the 15th of September, 2009, the heads of state and government gather in the UN headquarters in New York for the 64th session of the UN General Assembly. That session, 4 countries had a voting coincidence with the U.S. of a 100% on important votes and consensus actions; Palau, Micronesia, Israel and the Marshall Islands (Bureau of International Organization Affairs, 2010). Some would note that Palau, Micronesia and the Marshall Islands all have been former colonies of the U.S., hence, the voting alignment. However; the word former implies that these countries are now independent sovereign states. But are they really independent? The relation between small and big states has often been described of as one of dependency and vulnerability (Elman, 1995; Armstrong & Read, 2003; Richardson & Kegley, 1980). Being aware of the weakness and dependency of these small states, big powerful states have often found themselves in a powerful bargaining position in which they commonly provided security and economic aid in return for a compensation; votes (Veenendaal, 2017; p. 565). This relation between the providing big state and the more vulnerable small state during the Cold War has often been coined as a patron-client relation (Ciorciari, 2015; Veenendaal, 2017; Roniger, 2015; Carney, 1989). By this is meant a reciprocal, voluntarily entered relation between two actors controlling unequal resources (Carney, 1989; p. 44). The relation is two sided; there is exchange between the two countries in which the client – the dyad with the fewer resources - complies to voting with the patron – the dyad with more resources - in return for the preservation of its security (Carney, 1989; p. -
Who Blew up the Forum?
Published on March 5, 2021 (Nathan Hughes Hamilton/Flickr) Who blew up the Forum? By Stephen Howes and Sadhana Sen In all the analysis following the decision of the five Micronesian countries to exit the Pacific Islands Forum after their candidate failed to become the next Secretary General (SG), one question remains unanswered: who is responsible for this body-blow to Pacific regionalism? One position is to blame the Micronesians. Perhaps they should have been less retaliatory in their approach, and rather than quit, resolved to try again next time. As Transform Aqorau has eloquentlyargued , this would be unfair. The Micronesian countries had decided on their position well in advance of the leadership contest. Their candidate, Gerald Zackios, a diplomat, seemed Link: https://devpolicy.org/who-blew-up-the-forum-20210305/ Page 1 of 4 Date downloaded: September 26, 2021 Published on March 5, 2021 reasonable, as did their argument that it was their turn. The countries warned as a group in advance that they would walk away if they did not get their candidate up. How then, when he failed, could they not? Kevin Rudd has decided to blame Australia for the fiasco, but the fact is that a majority of Pacific countries objected to a candidate, who, as one of us noted late last year was “the firm favourite”, and whose election “should have been a mere formality”, as Maureen Penjueli recently put it. Was Zackios’ defeat rational? We know that the final vote was eight for Zackios, and nine for Henry Puna, the former Cook Islands PM and Polynesian candidate who defeated him. -
Marshall Islands Adoption Treaty
Marshall Islands Adoption Treaty Glimmery and dissymmetrical Thaxter always deionize incessantly and skunk his funfairs. Sasha remains wriggling: she whipsawing her luminosities honing too indestructibly? Acaroid Jehu never vilified so ungravely or unfasten any blusters spiritually. An online forum for rigorous discussion and analysis of current issues in human rights law. Easiest Countries To grain From 2021 World who Review. States under this section may not be made when incorrect payment has been made to an individual who is without fault and when adjustment or recovery would defeat the purpose of this title or would be against equity and good conscience. Since the indictment in October, Petersen was suspended from his elected position and subsequently resigned in January. Visit our fee schedule, when adjustment in a long term. The women later told authorities that they were headed to Arkansas to put their children up for adoption. In some instances, domestic insolvency proceedings have amounted to a breach of IIA obligations. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. It was not always that way. To activate this feature, you will need to add a parameter to your apstag. Funding for groundwater monitoring. This balancing act is exacerbated by limited access to water, electricity, technology, and internet for Marshallese students. When traveling during the adoption process, we encourage you to enroll with the Department of State. Sciences under which the National Academy of Sciences shall conduct an assessment of the health impacts of the United States nuclear testing program conducted in the Republic of the Marshall Islands on the residents of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. -
MPS Leaders Joint Press Release
Friday August 28th, 2020 UPHOLD THE GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENT Leaders are committed to Micronesia’s Candidate In September 2019, Micronesian Leaders unanimously submitted the subregion’s candidate for the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) Secretary General (SG) post, reaffirming again this decision in June 2020. Leaders of Micronesia remain united and resolute in their decision to endorse the incumbent RMI Ambassador to the U.S, H.E. Gerald Zackios, for the esteemed post. The unprecedented global Covid crisis rests on top of an already challenging array of regional development and security challenges. More than ever, the Pacific needs a Secretary General who is a careful listener, well-versed in foreign policy, and who will build on important efforts to shape regionalism with pragmatic management strategies. In this regard, Micronesia Leaders are confident in Ambassador Zackios, who has proven himself to be a strong, empathetic, and conscientious leader with impeccable credentials, and with vast experience in the Pacific who will work closely with Forum Leaders and other stakeholders to guide and lead the work of the PIFS. Current Chair of the Pacific Islands Forum, Tuvalu, initiated the recruitment process in mid April, calling for nominations to be submitted before June 19, 2020. Immediately after the nominations were opened, the Micronesian Leaders conveyed their mutual nomination of H.E. Gerald Zackios. On 18th June, just a day before the deadline for nominations were to be closed, Forum Chair Tuvalu recommended that the decision be delayed until the next Forum Leaders’ meeting, to discuss the matter in person. Tuvalu also recommended that the Forum consider extending current Secretary General Dame Meg Taylor’s term or appointing the Deputy Secretary General, Dr. -
Marshall Islands Chronology: 1944-1981
b , KARSHALL ISLANDS CHRONOLOGY - ERRATUM SHEET Page 12. column 1 and 2. “1955 - March 9 United Xations. .‘I and “May Enewetak . .” This should read. L956 - IMarch 9 United Nations..,“and IMay Enewetak .--*‘ Marshal ACHRONOLOGY: 1944-1981 LISRARY - ~ASHINCTGN, D.C. 2054-5 MICRONESIA SUPPORT COMlITTEE Honolulu, Hawalt F- ‘ifm ti R.EAD TICS ~RO?OLOGY: Weapons Testim--even numbered left hand pages 4-34; destruction of island home- Lands and radioactive wntamination of people, land and food sources. Resettlement of People--odd numbered right hand pages 5-39; the struggle to survive in exile. There is some necessary overlap for clarity; a list of sources used concludes the Chronology on pages 36 and 38. BIKINI ATOLL IN 1946, PRIOR TO THE START OF THE NUCLEAR TESTS. 1st edition publishe'dJuly 1978 2nd edition published August 1981 “?aRTlEGooDoFM ANKlND..~ Marshall Islands people have borne the brunt of U.S. military activity in Micronesia, from nuclear weapons experiments and missile testing to relocations of people and radio- active contamination of people and their environment. All, as an American military com- mder said of the Bikini teats, “for the good of mankind and to end all world wars.” Of eleven United Nations Trusteeships created after World War II, only Micronesia was designated a “strategic” trust, reflecting its military importance to the United States. Ihe U.N. agreement haa allowed the U.S. to use the islands for military purposes, while binding the U.S. to advance the well being of the people of Micronesia. Western nuclear powers have looked on the Pacific, because of its small isolated popu- lations, aa an “ideal” location to conduct nuclear activities unwanted In their own countries. -
Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 11/11/2020 3:57:37 PM TVS- Republic of the Marshall Islands PO Box 2 Majuro, MH 96960 September 24, 2020 The Honorable Deb Fischer Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services 454 Russell Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Martin Heinrich Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services 303 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear Chairperson Fischer and Ranking Member Heinrich, Warm greetings from the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and thank you for your continued leadership to ensure that the Compact of Free Association actively maintains our bilateral friendship and mutual commitments. We are writing to you today regarding the recent report by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) on the status of the Runit Dome on Enewetak Atoll. The report was submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives last June as required by Section 364 of Public Law 116-92, National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2020. The RMI welcomed the request in the NDAA for this report and we thank you and your colleagues in the Senate for your support for its inclusion. We note that there was an element in the original House version of the bill to ask the DOE to provide options for relocating the waste in the Runit Dome, but this was removed in the final version adopted by the Senate. We would be interested in revisiting this request in the future.