Indian Administrative Service from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

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Indian Administrative Service From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Indian Administrative Service (Hindi: भारतीय शासिनक सेवा), often abbreviated to as IAS, is an administrative All-India service.[2] It Indian Administrative Service is considered to be one of the two premier civil services of India, Service Overview because a candidate, once appointed to the IAS is rendered ineligible to Formerly ICS [3] reappear in the Civil Services Examination. known as IAS officers serve in strategic and key positions in the Union Founded 1858 Government, States governments[2] and public-sector undertakings.[2] (as Imperial Civil Service) Like in other countries following the Westminster system of 1950 [4] government, IAS as the permanent bureaucracy in India is an (as Indian Administrative [5] inseparable part of the executive of the Government of India, and Service) hence, provides neutrality and continuity to the administration.[4] Country India Along with the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Staff Lal Bahadur Shastri Service (IFS/IFoS), the IAS is one of the three All India Services — its College National Academy of cadre is employed by both the Union Government and the individual Administration, States.[2] Mussoorie, Uttarakhand Upon confirming to service after probation as Sub-Divisional Cadre Department of Personnel Magistrate, an IAS officer is given the administrative command in the Controlling and Training, Ministry of district as District Magistrate and Collector after a few years of service, Authority Personnel, Public and normally, after sixteen years of service in some states, an IAS Grievances and Pension officer heads a whole division in the state, as its Commissioner. On attaining the Apex Scale, IAS officers go on to head whole Departments Minister Narendra Modi, Prime and Ministries of the Government of India. IAS officers represent the Responsible Minister of India and Government of India at the international level in bilateral and Minister responsible for multilateral negotiations. On deputations,[6] they work at Ministry of Personnel, Intergovernmental organisations like World Bank,[6][7][8] International Public Grievances and Monetary Fund,[6][9][10] Asian Development Bank,[6][11][12] and United Pension [6] Nations or its Agencies. IAS officers at various levels of Legal Governmental: administration play a vital role in conducting free, fair and smooth personality Government service elections in India under the direction of Election Commission of India.[13] Duties Policy Formulation Policy Implementation Public Administration Contents Bureaucratic Governance Secretarial Assistance 1 History (Centre & State) 2 Recruitment Preceding Imperial Civil Service 2.1 State Cadres service (1858–1946) 2.1.1 Cadre Allocation Policy 2.1.2 Old Cadre Allocation Policies Cadre 4926 members (3511 3 Responsibilities of an IAS officer Strength officers directly recruited 4 Career Progression by UPSC and 1415 4.1 Assessment of Suitability for Promotion & Posting officers promoted from 5 Major concerns and reforms state civil services) [1] 5.1 Lateral Entry 5.2 Political Influence Selection Civil Services 5.3 Corruption Examination 5.4 Missing IAS officers Association IAS (Central) 6 Notable IAS Officers 7 See also Association 8 References Head of the Civil Services 9 External links Current Pradeep Kumar Sinha, Cabinet IAS History Secretary

There is no alternative During the occupation of East India Company, Civil Service was to this administrative divided into three categories - Covenanted, Uncovenanted and Special “ system... The Union Civil Services. The covenanted civil service, or the Honourable East will go, you will not India Company's Civil Service (HEICCS), as it was called, largely have a united India if consisted of British civil servants occupying the higher posts in the you do not have good government. The uncovenanted civil service was solely introduced to All-India Service which facilitate the entry of Indians at the lower rung of the has the independence to administration.[17][18] The Special Service consisted of special speak out its mind, departments of Indian Administration like Indian Forest Service, which has sense of Indian Police, Indian Political Service etc. the ranks of these services security that you will were filled in a variety of ways, Indian Political Service officers standby your work... If generally came from the HEICCS/ICS and the British Indian Army, you do not adopt this Indian Police had many British Indian Army officers in its ranks, but course, then do not from 1893 onwards, a separate annual exam was conducted to fill its follow the present cadre.[17][18] Constitution. Substitute something else... these The Honourable East India Company's Civil Service (HEICCS) was people are the superseded by the Indian Civil Service (ICS) in 1858.[18] The ICS was instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, the highest civil service of the British Empire in British India during but a picture of chaos British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. The last British [17][18] all over the country. ” appointments to the ICS were made in 1942. — Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Constituent Assembly discussing the role ofAll India With the passing of the Government of India Act, 1919, the Imperial Services.[14][15][16] Services headed by the Secretary of State for India, was split into two – All India Services and Central Services.[19]

At the time of the partition of India and the departure of the British in 1947, the Imperial Civil Service was divided between the new Dominions of India and Pakistan. The part which went to India was named the Indian Administrative Service, while the part that went to Pakistan was named the Central Superior Services of Pakistan.

The modern Indian Administrative Service was created under the Article 312(2) in part XIV of the Constitution of India.[5] Recruitment

There are three modes of recruitment into the Indian Administrative Service.

IAS officers are recruited from the Civil Services Examination, which are conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).[2] Officers selected from the Civil Services Examination are called direct recruits. Some IAS officers are also promoted from the State Civil Services,[2] and, in some cases, selected from non-state civil service.[2] The ratio between the direct recruits and the promotees is fixed at 2:1. All IAS officers. Regardless of the mode of entry, are appointed by the President of India.[5]

Unlike candidates appointed to other civil services, a candidate, once appointed to the Indian Administrative Service, is rendered ineligible to reappear in the Civil Services Examination,[3] this is because, before 1979, a candidate had to give to give two additional papers to be eligible for Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and Indian Foreign Service (IFS). But even after the Civil Services Examination was made common, the state of affairs did not change, and IAS and IFS retained their edge.[20][21] After the selection process, the successful candidates undergo training at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand.

State Cadres

Cadre Allocation Policy

The Union Government announced a new cadre allocation policy for the All India Services in August Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration is the 2017, touting it as a policy to ensure national staff training college of IAS. integration of the bureaucracy as officers and ensure All-India character of the services. Under the new policy, the existing 26 cadres have been divided into five zones in the new policy by the Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

Under the new policy, a candidate has to first give his/her choice in the descending order of preference from amongst the various Zones.[28] Subsequently, the candidate has to indicate one preference of cadre from each preferred zone.[28] The candidate indicates his second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The process continues till a preference for all the cadres is indicated by the candidate.[28] The preference for the zones/cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted.[28]

Officers continue to work in the cadre they are allotted or were deputed to the Government of India.[6]

Zones under the new Cadre Allocation Policy

Zone States

Zone- AGMUT (Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram and Union Territories), Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, I Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana.

Zone- Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha. II

Zone- Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. III

Zone- West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura and Nagaland. IV

Zone- Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. V

Old Cadre Allocation Policies

Till 2008 there was no system of preference of state cadre by the candidates; the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetic order of the roster, beginning with the letters A, H, M, T for that particular year. For example, if in a particular year the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IAS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order.[29] The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (if it has started from Haryana on the previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system, in vogue since the mid-1980s, had ensured that officers from different states are placed all over India. The system of permanent State cadres has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers, when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward states.[29] Changes of state cadre is permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Service officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officer may go to their home state cadre on deputation for a limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her.[30]

From 2008 to 2017 IAS officers were allotted to State cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam–Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh–Goa–Mizoram–Union Territories (AGMUT).[30] The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted in their home states) is maintained as 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits as 'insiders' from the same state.[31] The rest were posted as outsiders according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states,[31] as per their preference. Responsibilities of an IAS officer

The typical functions performed by an IAS officer are:

To collect revenue and function as Courts in matters of revenue, to maintain law and order, to implement Union and State Government policies at the grass-root level when posted at field positions i.e. as Sub- Divisional Magistrate, Additional District Magistrate, District Magistrate and Divisional Commissioner. And to act as the agent of the government on the field, i.e. to act as the intermediate between public and the government.[2][32] To handle the administration and daily proceedings of the government, including formulation and implementation of policy in consultation with the Minister-in-charge of the concerned Ministry or Department.[2] To contribute to policy formulation, and to take a final decision in certain matters, with the agreement of the Minister concerned or the Council of Ministers (depending upon the weight of the matter), when posted at higher level in Union Government as Joint Secretary, Additional Secretary, Special Secretary/Secretary equivalent, Secretary and Cabinet Secretary, and in State Governments as Principal Secretary, Additional Chief Secretary/Special Chief Secretary and Chief Secretary.[2] Career Progression

IAS officers start their career as Assistant Secretaries in the Union Government for a duration of three months.[33][34][35] After their stint in the Union Government, IAS officers go to their home cadres for district training. In the state administration, they start off functioning as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) and are put in-charge of a whole sub-division of a district, As SDMs, they are entrusted with maintaining law and order of the sub-division, along with general administration and development work of the sub-division they are made in- charge of.[36] IAS officers proceed to occupy various strategic posts in the State and Union Governments, and also in local-self Governments (Municipal Corporations/Zilla Parishads), and Public Sector Undertakings.[37] Positions and designations held by IAS officer in their career.[2][38][39]

Position in the Position in the Position in Base Salary Grade/Level on Pay Field State Central Indian Order of (per Matrix[38][39] Posting(s)[2] Government(s)[2] Government[2] Precedence month)[39]

Cabinet Cabinet Secretary Grade (Pay - - Secretary of 11 ₹2,50,000 level 18) India

Apex Scale (Pay level 17) - Chief Secretary[a] Secretary[b] 23 ₹2,25,000

Higher Administrative Grade Divisional Principal Additional (Above Super Time Scale) (Pay 25 ₹2,00,000 Commissioner[c] Secretary Secretary level 15)

Senior Administrative Grade Divisional (Above Super Time Scale) (Pay Secretary Joint Secretary 26 ₹1,75,000 Commissioner[c] level 14)

District Selection Grade (Pay level 13) Special Secretary Director ₹1,18,500 Magistrate[d]

Junior Administrative Grade (Pay District Joint Secretary Deputy Secretary ₹78,800 level 12) Magistrate[d]

Additional Senior Time Scale (Pay level 11) District Deputy Secretary Under Secretary ₹67,700 Magistrate[e]

Sub-Divisional Assistant Junior Time Scale (Pay level 10) Under Secretary ₹56,100 Magistrate[f] Secretary

Notes

a. IAS officers of the designations Additional Chief Secretary and Special Chief Secretary draw same pay but not same protocol as the Chief Secretary of the State.[40][41][42] b. IAS officers of the designation Special Secretary to Government of India draw same pay but not same protocol as a Secretary to Government of India.[43][44][45] c. Alternate designation - Regional Commissioner. d. Alternate designations - District Collector, Deputy Commissioner. e. Alternate designations - Chief Development Officer, Additional District Collector, Joint Collector, Additional Deputy Commissioner, CEO of Zila Parishad f. Alternate designations - Deputy Collector, Sub-Divisional Officer, Sub-Collector.

IAS officers, after retirement, occupy Constitutional posts such as the Chief Election Commissioner of India,[46] Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG),[47] and Chairman of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).[48] Retired IAS officers also become chiefs of regulators such as TRAI,[49] SEBI,[50][51] and RBI,[52] but, if a serving IAS officer is appointed to Constitutional posts such as Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Chief Election Commissioner of India and Chairman of UPSC or as head of statutory authorities such as National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Women, and Central Information Commission, he or she is deemed to have retired from service.[50] IAS officers can also be deputed to private organizations for a fixed tenure under Rule 6(2)(ii) of the IAS (Cadre) Rules, 1954.[53]

Assessment of Suitability for Pr omotion & Posting

Performance Appraisal of IAS officers is measured through Performance Appraisal Report (PAR). One of the most important government undertakings is PAR reports of an officer, which are reviewed to judge his/her suitability before any posting and/or promotion in the Union and State Governments. The report is an annual one, it is initiated by the officer himself (designated as the Reporting Officer), who lists out his achievements and completion of activities and targets assigned to him for the year. The report is then modified and commented by the Reviewing Officer, who is the next immediate officer in the hierarchy than the Reporting Officer. For All India Services, there is one more authority who accepts and reviews the PAR filed by the Reporting Officer, after suggestions from the Reviewing Officers.[2] Major concerns and reforms

Lateral Entry The IAS is hamstrung by political Media personnel, some retired IAS officers and a few academicians “ interference, outdated have argued in favour of lateral entry into IAS, so to inject fresh blood personnel procedures, into the service. They argue that it would help freshen up the and a mixed record on bureaucracy, and would offer competitiveness and an alternate point of policy implementation, view.[57][58][59][60] and it is in need of urgent reform. The However, on the opposite side of the spectrum, there is fear that once Indian government such a bureaucratic process is set in motion, it will become a precedent should reshape for all time and could be cited and manipulated by future governments recruitment and at the centre and the states to plant people regardless of their worth.[61] promotion processes, They argue that lateral entry would open the floodgates for a spoils improve performance- based assessment of system. It will not by itself lead to enhanced managerial performance individual officers, and or accountability.[62] They argue while lateral entry may create adopt safeguards that synergy between the government and big businesses, but it will also [63] promote accountability compromise the integrity of the government. while protecting bureaucrats from Some also argue that far from infusing energy, it could further enfeeble political meddling. ” the bureaucracy.[64] — The Indian Administrative Service Meets Big Data, Carnegie Endowment for The Union government, on many occasions, has ruled out lateral entry International Peace[54][55][56] into IAS.[65][66][67]

Political Influence

Many think tanks and media personnel have argued that the IAS is hamstrung by the political influence in the service.[54][55][56][68] Many local political leaders have been seen to have force IAS officers’ hand. Politicians threaten IAS officers by frequently transferring them,[69][70][71] suspending them,[72][73][74] and in some extreme cases, threatening to kill them.[75][76]

Corruption

In 2015, it was reported by Government of India that as many as 100 IAS officers have been in the list of corrupt bureaucrats and have come under the CBI scanner for alleged involvement in corruption cases.[77][78][79][80] Further, as per Government of India records, 379 IAS officers deliberately failed to submit details of their immovable assets (IPR) to the Union government for the year 2017.[81]

In the past few years, a few IAS officers of the rank and post of Chief Secretary[82][83][84] and Principal In the past few years, a few IAS officers of the rank and post of Chief Secretary[82][83][84] and Principal Secretary[85][86][87] have been arrested in graft cases[88][89] and laundering.[90] IAS officers have been found amassing disproportionate assets and wealth varying ₹2,000,000,000 (US$31 million),[91] ₹3,000,000,000 (US$47 million)[91] to ₹3,500,000,000 (US$55 million).[91]

In 2016, it was reported that Government of India has decided to empower common man to seek prosecution of corrupt IAS officers.[92] Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (DoPT) has accepted to receive requests from private persons seeking sanction for prosecution in respect of IAS officers without any proper proposal and supporting documents.[92]

In 2017, a former Union Coal Secretary and few other IAS officers were sentenced two years in prison, for their involvement coal allocation scam by a CBI special court in Delhi.[93][94]

In 2017, it was reported by Department of Personnel and Training of Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions that in the previous three years, one IAS officer was prematurely retired from service, ten IAS officers had been deemed to have resigned, five had their pensions cut, and a further eight IAS officers suffered a cut in remuneration.[95][96][97][98][99]

Missing IAS officers

In June 2015, The Telegraph reported that a total of twelve IAS officers had been missing from India, and hadn't reported to either the Union or the state government of the cadre they are allotted.[100] They were believed to be working in foreign countries for a more lucrative pay.[100] It was later reported by The Asian Age, that the services of three of the twelve officers were likely to be terminated due to "prolonged absence from service".[101] Notable IAS Officers

Some of the notable members of the service are as follows:-

Vinod Rai Amitabh Kant Mohan Kanda D. K. Ravi Nripendra Misra Naresh Chandra Ashok Khemka T. S. R. Subramanian Durga Shakti Nagpal U. Sagayam Gopalkrishna Gandhi Upamanyu Chatterjee D Subbarao Pradeep Kumar Sinha T. N. Seshan See also

Special Duty Allowance (SDA) References

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Civil List IAS Civil List ER Sheet of IAS Officers by Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India

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