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American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945. -
THE WARSAW PACT, NATO, the USSR, POLAND, the GDR and DENMARK Christensen C.S
ISSN 2308-8079. Studia Humanitatis. 2020. № 3. www.st-hum.ru УДК 359:327[54:5] THE MARITIME OFFENSIVE STRATEGY IN THE BALTIC SEA AREA DURING THE COLD WAR (1960-1990): THE WARSAW PACT, NATO, THE USSR, POLAND, THE GDR AND DENMARK Christensen C.S. From the beginning of 1960s, an occupation of Denmark was a theme in the Warsaw Pact military exercises and manoeuvres in the so-called Cold War. This is connected to a struggle for a maritime offensive strategy, as well inside the USSR as internal among Soviet allies with the aim of securing the fleets of the Warsaw Pact access to the North Sea and the Atlantic in case of war with NATO members. In the GDR and Poland these plans were very important in the national military strategies. However, the Soviet navy also played an important role in abovementioned maritime strategy. But was it really so great in different occupation plans of Denmark? Or was it first and foremost a local strategy of the Warsaw Pact countries in the western part of the Baltic Sea area? The article provides answers to these questions. There is also given a description of the strategic importance of Denmark in the Baltic Sea, and its influence on the Danish foreign politics in decades. Keywords: Cold War, GDR, BRD, Poland, Denmark, military manoeuvers, Warsaw Pact, Baltic Sea, USSR, NATO, maritime strategy, Berlin Wall, Vyacheslav Molotov, Sergey Gorshkov, Andrei Grechko, Vasily Sokolovsky. МОРСКАЯ НАСТУПАТЕЛЬНАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ В РЕГИОНЕ БАЛТИЙСКОГО МОРЯ В ПЕРИОД ХОЛОДНОЙ ВОЙНЫ (1960-1990 ГГ.): ВАРШАВСКИЙ ДОГОВОР, НАТО, СССР, ПОЛЬША, ГДР И ДАНИЯ Кристенсен К.С. -
Hitlers Letzte Tage“ Wurde Ein Best- Und Longseller, Der Noch Heute Die Leser Zu Packen Vermag
33 Hugh Trevor-Roper hat Wissenschaftsgeschichte geschrieben. Sein Buch „Hitlers letzte Tage“ wurde ein Best- und Longseller, der noch heute die Leser zu packen vermag. Ted Harrison zeichnet die verwickelte Entstehungsgeschichte nach, er schildert die Pro- bleme vor der Veröffentlichung und der deutschen Übersetzung, und er analysiert die heftigen Debatten, die das „Meisterwerk“ auslöste. Edward D. R. Harrison Hugh Trevor-Roper und „Hitlers letzte Tage“ Vor mehr als sechzig Jahren ist Hugh Trevor-Ropers Untersuchung der letzten Tage Hitlers erstmals publiziert worden1. Sowohl in der Öffentlichkeit wie in Fachkreisen war ihr ein ungewöhnlicher Erfolg beschieden. Lewis Namier, der damals herausragendste Historiker Großbritanniens, schrieb an Trevor-Roper, er habe das „Buch mit größtem Interesse und mit Bewunderung gelesen. Sie haben wahrlich exzellente Arbeit geleistet und gründlichste Gelehrsamkeit mit Leichtig- keit des Anschlags und brillantem Stil vereint, die also, wie ich zu meiner Freude sehe, in Oxford noch nicht ausgestorben sind.“ Der Oxforder Historiker A. J. P. Taylor sah in „Hitlers letzte Tage“ ein „unvergleichliches Buch, das bei weitem beste, das zu irgendeinem Aspekt des zweiten Deutschen Krieges geschrieben worden ist: ein Buch, ausgezeichnet durch untadelige Wissenschaftlichkeit und glänzende Darstellung [...]. Kein Wort des Lobes ist zu stark.“ „Hitlers letzte Tage“ sind ein Standardwerk geworden. Noch in der besten der jüngsten Schilderungen von Hitlers Ende preist der Verfasser, Joachim Fest, Tre- vor-Ropers „souveränen -
Bajo El Signo Del Escorpión
Por Juri Lina Bajo el Signo del Escorpión pg. 1 de 360 - 27 de septiembre de 2008 Por Juri Lina pg. 2 de 360 - 27 de septiembre de 2008 Por Juri Lina PRESENTACION Juri Lina's Book "Under the Sign of the Scorpion" is a tremendously important book, self-published in the English language in Sweden by the courageous author. Jüri Lina, has been banned through out the U.S.A. and Canada. Publishers and bookstores alike are so frightened by the subject matter they shrink away and hide. But now, braving government disapproval and persecution by groups that do not want the documented information in Under the Sign of the Scorpion to see the light of day, Texe Marrs and Power of Prophecy are pleased to offer Mr. Lina's outstanding book. Lina's book reveals what the secret societies and the authorities are desperate to keep hidden—how Jewish Illuminati revolutionaries in the United States, Britain, and Germany—including Marx, Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin—conspired to overthrow the Czar of Russia. It details also how these monsters succeeded in bringing the bloody reign of Illuministic Communism to the Soviet Empire and to half the world's population. Under the Sign of the Scorpion reveals the whole, sinister, previously untold story of how a tiny band of Masonic Jewish thugs inspired by Satan, funded by Illuminati bigwigs, and emboldened by their Talmudic hatred were able to starve, bludgeon, imprison and massacre over 30 million human victims with millions more suffering in Soviet Gulag concentration camps. Fuhrer Adolf Hitler got his idea for Nazi concentration camps from these same Bolshevik Communist butchers. -
Als Am 21. April 1945 Verbände Der Sowjetischen 5. Stoß-Armee Unter
Die aktuelle Karte: „Schlacht um Berlin, 26. April bis 2. Mai 1945“ Als am 21. April 1945 Verbände der sowjetischen 5. Stoß-Armee unter Nikolai Bersarin bei Marzahn die Außenbezirke von Berlin erreichten, begann damit der Kampf um die Reichshauptstadt. An diesem Tag verließ auch ein Großteil der NS- Granden wie Heinrich Himmler oder Hermann Göring die Stadt. Hitler, der tags zuvor noch Geburtstag gefeiert hatte, verblieb hingegen in Berlin und wollte seinen eigenen Untergang inszenieren. Hier – so glaubte er – könne er einen „moralischen Sieg“ vor der Weltöffentlichkeit erringen. Sein getreuer Propagandaminister Joseph Goebbels pflichtete ihm bei und meinte, „in fünf Jahren“ sei der „Führer eine legendäre Persönlichkeit und der Nationalsozialismus ein Mythos“. Mit der Realität hatten derlei Gedankengänge im „Führerbunker“ unter der Reichskanzlei freilich nichts mehr zu tun. Zur Verteidigung der Reichshauptstadt konnten die Deutschen noch etwa 140.000 Mann aufbieten, vielfach Volkssturm. Etwa ein Viertel der Soldaten war nicht einmal bewaffnet. Die angreifende Rote Armee hingegen zählte über 450.000 Mann und war an Material drückend überlegen. In zehn Tagen gelang es den Verbänden von Schukows 1. Weißrussischer Front sowie von Konews 1. Ukrainischen Front den deutschen Verteidigern Straße um Straße sowie Häuserblock um Häuserblock zu entreißen. Schukow befahl dabei seinen Truppen, die eigentliche Grenze zu Konews Front im Bereich der Yorckstraße zu überschreiten. Damit war klar, dass einzig er auf das Stadtzentrum vorstoßen und somit als der Sieger von Berlin gelten sollte. Am Nachmittag des 30. April beging Hitler mit seiner kurz zuvor angetrauten Ehefrau Eva Selbstmord; am Tag darauf tat es ihm Goebbels mit seiner Familie gleich. -
Military History Anniversaries 1 Thru 15 May
Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 15 May Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests May 01 1778 – American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania » On 1 JAN John Lacey was appointed brigadier-general and given command of a large body of militia with the aim of interrupting British supply lines, especially those reaching Philadelphia. Crooked Billet was the Headquarters of Lacey, and became the target of the British commander in Philadelphia, Gen. William Howe. Lacey had been charged with patrolling the area north of Philadelphia, between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, with responsibility for warning Valley Forge of attacks, checking British foraging raids, and preventing local trade with the British. Most of the enlistments of the few troops he had were due to expire shortly. Promised, and desperately needed, reinforcements were slow arriving or simply not coming. The British dispatched a joint force of British troops and Hessians on 30 APR and they surprised the American forces whose commander was still in bed. The British had surprised the Americans and attempted to cut them off with a "pincer" type movement. Bands of Loyalists and British horsemen grew increasingly bold, and their raids into Lacey's sector were becoming more frequent. On 1 MAY, during the morning, Lacey found his camp near the Crooked Billet Tavern virtually surrounded by the British. Though outnumbered, Lacey rallied his troops during the initial attack and was able to withdraw to a nearby wooded area and make a stand. -
Joseph Goebbels 1 Joseph Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels 1 Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels Reich propaganda minister Goebbels Chancellor of Germany In office 30 April 1945 – 1 May 1945 President Karl Dönitz Preceded by Adolf Hitler Succeeded by Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (acting) Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda In office 13 March 1933 – 30 April 1945 Chancellor Adolf Hitler Preceded by Office created Succeeded by Werner Naumann Gauleiter of Berlin In office 9 November 1926 – 1 May 1945 Appointed by Adolf Hitler Preceded by Ernst Schlange Succeeded by None Reichsleiter In office 1933–1945 Appointed by Adolf Hitler Preceded by Office created Succeeded by None Personal details Born Paul Joseph Goebbels 29 October 1897 Rheydt, Prussia, Germany Joseph Goebbels 2 Died 1 May 1945 (aged 47) Berlin, Germany Political party National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) Spouse(s) Magda Ritschel Children 6 Alma mater University of Bonn University of Würzburg University of Freiburg University of Heidelberg Occupation Politician Cabinet Hitler Cabinet Signature [1] Paul Joseph Goebbels (German: [ˈɡœbəls] ( ); 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous orations and deep and virulent antisemitism, which led him to support the extermination of the Jews and to be one of the mentors of the Final Solution. Goebbels earned a PhD from Heidelberg University in 1921, writing his doctoral thesis on 19th century literature of the romantic school; he then went on to work as a journalist and later a bank clerk and caller on the stock exchange. -
Buddhism from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump To: Navigation, Search
Buddhism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A statue of Gautama Buddha in Bodhgaya, India. Bodhgaya is traditionally considered the place of his awakening[1] Part of a series on Buddhism Outline · Portal History Timeline · Councils Gautama Buddha Disciples Later Buddhists Dharma or Concepts Four Noble Truths Dependent Origination Impermanence Suffering · Middle Way Non-self · Emptiness Five Aggregates Karma · Rebirth Samsara · Cosmology Practices Three Jewels Precepts · Perfections Meditation · Wisdom Noble Eightfold Path Wings to Awakening Monasticism · Laity Nirvāṇa Four Stages · Arhat Buddha · Bodhisattva Schools · Canons Theravāda · Pali Mahāyāna · Chinese Vajrayāna · Tibetan Countries and Regions Related topics Comparative studies Cultural elements Criticism v • d • e Buddhism (Pali/Sanskrit: बौद धमर Buddh Dharma) is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pāli/Sanskrit "the awakened one"). The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[2] He is recognized by adherents as an awakened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end suffering (or dukkha), achieve nirvana, and escape what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada—the oldest surviving branch—has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, and Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tendai and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications Vajrayana, a subcategory of Mahayana, is recognized as a third branch. -
The Iron Curtain As an Aspect of the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe in 1949–1953
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ■ LII-SI(1) Paweł Bielicki Institute of Political Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University The Iron Curtain as an Aspect of the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe in 1949–1953 Zarys treści: Sowietyzacja była kluczowym etapem prowadzącym do utrwalenia „żelaznej kur- tyny” na terenie Europy Wschodniej i pełnego podporządkowania krajów wschodnioeuro- pejskich Związkowi Radzieckiemu. W artykule omawiam rożne aspekty sowietyzacji, m.in. wymiar ustrojowy, gospodarczy oraz wojskowy. W ostatniej z wyżej wymienionych dziedzin pozwoliłem sobie na wyartykułowanie przyczyn, które sprawiły, że władze sowieckie pod- jęły decyzję o przeprowadzeniu przyspieszonej sowietyzacji w dziedzinie militarnej na terenie Europy Wschodniej. Ważnym elementem niniejszego artykułu jest też kwestia prześladowa- nia Kościoła w państwach zdominowanych przez ZSRR. W podsumowaniu nakreślam konse- kwencje omawianych w artykule wydarzeń dla współczesnej rzeczywistości politycznej krajów postkomunistycznych w wymiarze politycznym, gospodarczym oraz społecznym. Outline of content: Sovietisation was the key stage leading to the strengthening of the Iron Curtain sealing off Eastern Europe and to the total subjugation of Eastern European countries to the Soviet Union. In the article, the author discusses various aspects of Sovietisation, emphasising its political, economic and military aspects, including the reasons underlying the decision taken by the Soviet leaders to step up the pace of Sovietisation in the military field in Eastern Europe. An important part of the present study is also the question of the persecution of the Church in the states dominated by the USSR. In the conclusions, the author discusses the consequences of the described developments for the contemporary political situation of the post-communist countries in their political, economic and social aspects. -
Extraterrestrial and Man-Made Ufos \&A
Maximillien de Lafayette's books are available in 2 formats: 1-Amazon Kindle edition at www.amazon.com 2-In paperback at www.lulu.com Author's website: www.maximilliendelafayettebibliography.com Date of Publication: December 4, 2013 . Printed in the United States of America and Germany . Copyright ©2013 by Maximillien de Lafayette. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Volume II MARIA ORSIC, THE WOMAN WHO ORIGINATED AND CREATED EARTH’S FIRST UFOS Maria Orsic , the most important personality in ufology’s history. Maximillien de Lafayette Published By Art, UFOs & Supernatural Magazine New York Berlin 2013 Table of Contents of Volume II __________________________________________________ Chapter 2: The Story of Maria Orsic…21 Thinking of meeting with other groups…21 Predicting the rise of a Nazi Germany …21 Before the meeting: Reconstruction of the discussions of the Ladies of Vril (A synopsis)…22 In order to build the Adelbaran’s spaceship…22 The Ladies of Vril meetings…24 The first meeting; Tuesday 16, September 1919…24 The second meeting; Friday 19, September 1919…24 The third meeting; Wednesday 17, December 1919…25 The fourth and fifth meetings…25 Present at the meeting…26 Preliminary notes and comments by Dr. Schumann…33 Excerpts from Dr. Schumann’s notes…33 Viktor Schauberger’s Repulsine…36 Viktor Schauberger’s Repulsator…37 Notes on Maria Orsic’s mind-bending technical data…38 March 1922: First prototype of Jenseitsflugmaschine…41 Stargates line; the 33.33 degree…41 Comparing Maria’s data with Viktor Schauberger and Karl Haushofer data…41 March 23, 1922 : The first flight-test of Jenseitsflugmaschine…47 A fiasco…47 Yes, it can be done!...47 Dr. -
Hitlers Hofstaat Der Innere Kreis Im Dritten Reich Und Danach
Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Heike B. Görtemaker Hitlers Hofstaat Der innere Kreis im Dritten Reich und danach 2019 528 S., mit 62 Abbildungen ISBN 978-3-406-73527-1 Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier: https://www.chbeck.de/26572343 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Heike B. Görtemaker Hitlers Hofstaat Der innere Kreis im Dritten Reich und danach C.H.Beck Mit 62 Abbildungen © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München 2019 Umschlaggestaltung: Kunst oder Reklame, München Umschlagabbildung: Berghof 1935, Hitler und seine Entourage beobachten Kunstfl ieger © Paul Popper / Getty Images Satz: Janß GmbH, Pfungstadt Druck und Bindung: CPI – Ebner & Spiegel, Ulm Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier (hergestellt aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff ) Printed in Germany ISBN 978 3 406 73527 1 www.chbeck.de Inhalt Inhalt Einleitung 9 Erster Teil Hitlers Kreis 1. Untergang und Flucht 18 Im Bunker der Reichskanzlei 18 – Absetzbewegungen und Verrat 22 – Zufl uchtsort Berghof 26 – Ende in Berlin 32 2. Die Formierung des Kreises 36 Die Münchner Clique 37 – Ernst Röhm 42 – Hermann Esser und Dietrich Eckart 44 – Alfred Rosenberg 49 – Leibwächter 50 – «Kampfzeit» 53 – Hermann Göring und Wilhelm Brückner 56 – Vorbild Mussolini 59 – Ernst Hanfstaengl 63 – Heinrich Hoff mann 64 – «Stoßtrupp Hitler» 67 – Bayreuth 71 – Putsch 75 – Landsberg 79 – Neuorientierung 83 – Wiedergründung der NSDAP 88 – Joseph Goebbels 93 3. Machtübernahme 97 Aufstieg 98 – Unsicherheit und Beklemmungen 100 – Geli Raubal: Romanze mit dem Onkel 102 – Rekrutierung bewährter Kräfte 108 – Otto Dietrich 112 – Magda Goeb- bels 115 – Das Superwahljahr 1932 122 – Ernüchterung nach der «Machtergreifung» 128 – Blutsommer 1934 133 – Lüdecke auf der Flucht 137 – Hinrichtungen 142 – Recht- fertigungsversuche 148 Zweiter Teil Die Berghof-Gesellschaft 1. -
I Volti Della Guerra
Il processo di Norimberga e il caso Eichmann La necessità di una Norimberga Necessità di punire i nazisti dopo la guerra per i loro crimini senza precedenti. Questo fu possibile grazie alle denunce dei politici esiliati, soprattutto a Londra, testimoni delle barbarie in Germania e nei paesi occupati. Accordi di St. James 1941, Gran Bretagna e altri 14 paesi tra ex colonie, alleati e paesi occupati concordano che 1 continueranno a combattere con ogni mezzo contro il nemico tedesco e italiano, 2 non ci potrà essere pace finché ci saranno popoli oppressi da loro, 3 l’unica via è la collaborazione di tutti i popoli liberi. Altro incontro a Londra nel 1942, poi 1943 accordo per l’istituzione della Commissione Internazionale per i crimini di guerra (UNWCC), composta da USA, Australia, Belgio, Cina, Canada, UK, Francia, Cecoslovacchia, Olanda, Lussemburgo, Nuova Zelanda, Svezia, Polonia, Grecia, Norvegia, India, Jugoslavia. Nel 1943 si aggiunsero Cina e Unione Sovietica, che stilarono la “Dichiarazione delle atrocità”. Dichiarazione di Mosca atto fondante delTribunale di Norimberga. Si può immaginare la difficoltà nel trovare una linea comune nel giudizio dei criminali nazisti, a causa sia delle diverse esigenze delle potenze coinvolte, ma anche perché era necessario creare un precedente che non fosse tacciato di essere solo la “giustizia dei vincitori”. L’URSS, ma anche alcuni importanti rappresentanti di USA e UK, premevano per una soluzione più drastica. Il ministro delle Finanze statunitense Morgenthau, presentò un programma di completa industrializzazione della Germania, con liste di criminali da passare immediatamente per le armi. Vince posizione moderata: Murray nel 1944 scrive “Processo contro i criminali di guerra europei”, che divenne il canovaccio per la formulazione dell’accusa a Norimberga.