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A RECORD of an ONGOING PROJECT of PERFORMANCE and ARCHIVE Entitled the FRAGILE EGGS: TESTIMONY of the HONG KONG PROTESTS with a COROLLARY STATEMENT by Mandy Wong

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A RECORD of an ONGOING PROJECT of PERFORMANCE and ARCHIVE Entitled the FRAGILE EGGS: TESTIMONY of the HONG KONG PROTESTS with a COROLLARY STATEMENT by Mandy Wong A RECORD OF AN ONGOING PROJECT OF PERFORMANCE AND ARCHIVE entitled THE FRAGILE EGGS: TESTIMONY OF THE HONG KONG PROTESTS with a COROLLARY STATEMENT by Mandy Wong ©2020 Mandy Wong A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts School of Art Pratt Institute May 2020 A RECORD OF AN ONGOING PROJECT OF PERFORMANCE AND ARCHIVE entitled THE FRAGILE EGGS: TESTIMONY OF THE HONG KONG PROTESTS with a COROLLARY STATEMENT by Mandy Wong Received and approved: Major Professor Name: Ann Messner Advisor for Corollary Statement Name: Jen Mazza Department Chair Name: Jane South 1 To the protesters in Hong Kong, for whom I wish to be hands and feet; to the people who are seeing these words, I apologize for my attempt and failure to be objective, that the work takes off from my stance, fear, and belief. I apologize for being in a distant safe place while claiming myself fraternal. I apologize for not expecting a victory, yet pushing the crowds to continue and to escalate. I apologize for my ignorance of the meaning of autonomy, democracy, and freedom that I am fighting for. I apologize for enjoying a privilege to ensure my safety, at the same time having a desire to suffer. I apologize that during the protests I incurred no physical wounds, that I was not beaten, arrested, raped, or forced to commit apparent suicide, and that I received no personal threat. I apologize for the fact that I am mentally and physically inferior to fully grasp your pain. I apologize for being proud of my Hongkonger identity, at the same time aspiring to get the American nationality. I apologize for using the feelings and wounds of others to speak for me. I apologize for not being communicative in my primary language, and that I steal the words from 1 Rabih Mroué to complete these very words. I apologize because I dislike the place I was born in and only miss the time, the sound, the air, and the mood when we protest. I apologize for any potential and unverifiable lies allowed to take place between me and my participants. I must insist, however, that what I heard, saw, and acknowledged are the respectful Truth. 1 A Lebanese artist and actor who creates plays, performances, videos, and photographs emerges in the ​ post–Civil War Lebanon. 2 Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………………. 4 Preface: The Fears …………………………………………………………………………. 5 Timeline of the Hong Kong Protests …………………………………………………………. 8 I. The Fear of Losing ………….……………………………………………………………… 43 II. Feared to be Subjective …………………………………………………………………. 47 III. Fear to Represent ………….……………………………………………………………… 51 List of Digital Documents …………………………………………………………………. 54 Bibliography …………………...……………………………………………………………. 56 ​ 3 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ann Messner, one of the educators whom I revere the most, for her continuous support, enlightenment, and motivation throughout the past two years. I also thank Carlos Motta for the insightful guidance that benefits much in the refinement of this project. I am thankful to my colleagues in the Integrated Practices and Thesis class, who have always been encouraging. Besides, I am grateful to Saichia Cheng, my soulmate, and a great advisor. Without her persistent help, this project would not have been possible. I am greatly indebted to all participants and volunteer translators for their generosity and trust. Above ground, I must show my gratitude to Jerry Chan for being a blessing to me. 4 Preface: The Fears I am an artist, and firstly, I am a protester and a Hong Konger. 2 Hongkongers, “A native or inhabitant of Hong Kong,” is a self-identifying term to express one’s affiliation with Hong Kong. This city is one of the most neoliberal financial centers globally, and a former British colony now returned to the Chinese Communist Party 3 (CCP) governance. Hong Kong has now entered its anniversary (as of June 2020) of the largest protest movements in decades against suppressive governance and police brutality. Throughout the evolution, the happenings have been named variously among media and politicians, both local and overseas. The description starts with ‘Anti-extradition bill (ANTIELAB)’, then transit to ‘riot’, ‘Water Revolution’, ‘anti-government/China protests’, ‘summer of discontent’ and ‘pro-democracy movement’. Now tentatively identified as the ‘Hong Kong Protests’ In February 2019, the Hong Kong government announced an amendment to the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance and the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance (extradition amendment bill) that would allow regions formerly without extradition agreement to 4 detain and transfer wanted people, which include Taiwan and the mainland China. Chief Executive Carrie Lam and officials proclaim the implementation of the law is an urgent solution to a murder case in Taiwan committed by a Hong Kong man, as well as a plug of a “loophole” that “has allowed the city to become a haven for criminals.” On the other hand, there was a backlash against the bill, indicating an accumulating fear of political mistreatment under China’s 5 legal system. 2 “Definition of Hongkonger,” Lexico (Oxford Dictionary), accessed April 20, 2020, ​ http://www.lexico.com/definition/hongkonger. 3 “Hong Kong Economy: Population, Facts, GDP, Business, Trade, Inflation,” 2020 Index of Economic ​ Freedom (The Heritage Foundation, 2019), https://www.heritage.org/index/country/hongkong. 4 “Cooperation between Hong Kong and Other Places on Juridical Assistance in Criminal Matters” (Hong ​ Kong: Security Bureau, February 2019). 5 Greg Torode, “Why Proposed Changes to Hong Kong’s Extradition Law Fueled Protests,” Reuters, June ​ ​ ​ 15, 2019, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-extradition-explainer/explainer-why-proposed-changes-to-ho ng-kongs-extradition-law-are-fueling-protests-idUSKCN1TD0NB. ​ 5 The discontents (and fear) take a departure from a far more historical context -- an identity and social struggle under colonialism. Hong Kong has been a borrowed place in a borrowed time beneficial for faraway elites. Along with the dilemmas, people in Hong Kong generate a unique culture and value system that further differentiate themselves from being Chinese or Britain. During 150 years of the British colonial period, Hong Konger was never added to the table about the talk on the city's future and any democratic reform. In 1985, both China and Britain's prime minister signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, claiming a guarantee to Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy from China under ‘One Country, Two Systems’ for 50 years. Meanwhile, the general public in Hong Kong witnessed the June Fourth Incident in Beijing in 1989, when the Chinese government sent the military to massacre pro-democracy students. An atmosphere of uncertainty and anxiety surrounded the handover of Hong Kong in 6 1997. Over the 23 years since the handover, the system in Hong Kong is not genuinely democratic, yet only with its constituents. The society has brimmed with disappointment due to extreme economic inequality, as well as a deterioration of freedom and autonomy in all aspects, such as ● 2012 The Hong Kong government attempted to introduce a highly controversial propaganda campaign, Moral and National Education in elementary and high schools. ● 2014 The Chinese government ruled out open nominations for universal suffrage, a right that was once promised in the Joint Declaration. Citizens responded with a 79-day peaceful occupy movement known as the Umbrella Movement, followed by its failure. ● 2015 A local bookseller Lee Bo went missing from Hong Kong. The Chinese authorities secretly detained him because of selling sensitive publications about Chinese officials. 6 Erin Blakemore and Taryn Salinas, “The History of Hong Kong, Visualized,” National Geographic ​ (National Geographic, August 26, 2019), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/hong-kong-history-visualized/?fbclid=IwA R1-IMfvhkoZW15V2MMsIrYieXZkU0tRNYlC-GXsrPBDDTCS8lKFUUWtq6Q#close. 6 ● 2016-2017 The High Court disqualified six elected pan-democrat and localist members of parliament over their insincere manner in oath-taking. While the extradition bill outraged the citizens, 1.03 million (13.7%) people rallied 7 8 peacefully on June 9th, 2019. It is marked as the recognized outbreak of the ongoing protests. The leaderless protests have since escalated to strikes, occupying movements, boycotts, and more violent responses. As the movement progress, people declared five demands 9 1. Full withdrawal of the extradition bill. 2. A commission of inquiry into alleged police brutality. 3. Retracting the classification of protesters as ‘rioters’. 4. Amnesty for arrested protesters. 5. Dual universal suffrage, meaning for both the Legislative Council and the Chief Executive. Recently, there are more and more voices longing for independence against the state. As a Hongkonger (and a protester), I fear for my safety. I am afraid of losing my rights and dignity. I am scared of being unable to speak the Truth. Nonetheless, fears motivate us (the protesters) to speak, regardless of our hopeless prediction of the future (end). Fears also drive me to create an ongoing performative project in September 2019 that recognizes, displays and preserves protesters’ narratives in Hong Kong. This thesis is a documentation of the project. In the following chapters, I will further explain my Fear, the methodology of research and display, along with a timeline of the protests that I consider as the Truth. Last but not least, I must admit that this work is only telling my perspective. I would highly encourage anyone to understand and construct their Truth with the awareness of the event. 7 According to the census in 2019, the population of Hong Kong is 7.5 million. ​ “Year-End Population for 2019,” The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region - Press Releases (The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, February 18, 2020), https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202002/18/P2020021800331.htm. 8 Based on the opinion of the interviewees. 9 Listen Chen, “The Perils of Imperial Alignment,” Lausan (Lausan, October 17, 2019), ​ https://lausan.hk/2019/the-perils-of-imperial-alignment/.
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