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REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST ON THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES AND GEOLOGY OF CERTAIN AREAS OF VERMONT 1909-1910 SEVENTH OF THIS SERIES. GEORGE H. PERKINS, Ph. D. State Geologist and Professor of Geology, University of Vermont. BELLOWS FALLS, VT. THE P. H. G0BIE PRESS CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION . xi HISTORY AND CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET, Professor G. H. Perkins ..................................... 1 THE GRANITES OF VERMONT, Professor T. N. Dale.........77 THE SURFACIAL GEOLOGY OF THE CnA1iPLAIN BASIN, Pro- fessor C. H. Hitchcock.............................199 TRILOBITES OF THE CHAZY OF THE CHAMPLAIN VALLEY, Dr. P. E. Raymond ................................... 13 GEOLOGY OF THE BURLINGTON QUADRANGLE, Professor G. H. Perkins..................................... PRELIMINARY RETORT ON THE GEOLOGY OF ADDISON COUNTY, Professor H. M. Seely .................... ASBESTOS IN VERMONT, Professor C. H. Richardson........315 MINERAL RESOURCES, Professor G. H. Perkins...........331 List of Plates. PAGa I. Fossil Fruits from the Brandon Lignite ...................... ..... 5 II. Fossil Fruits from the Brandon Lignite ... ................ ....... 5 III. Delphinapterus vermontanus.................................. 54 IV. Cranium, Deiphinapterus vermontanus .............. ........... V. Arrow and Spear Points, Knives................................ 58 VI. Stone Implements, Knives and Spear Points .... .......... ....... 60 VII. Stone Implements, Scrapers, Drills ........................ .... VIII. Stone Implements, Pestles, Grinding Stones .................... 6 9 IX . Stone Implements, Celts, Axes ............................. ....64 X. Stone Implements, Grooved Axes .............................. XI . Stone Implements, Gouges..... .................... ........ ...66 XII. Stone Amulets and Ceremonial Stones......................... 66 XIII. Stone Pipes ..................................... ........... 68 XIV. Tubular Pipe..... ......................................... 68 XV. Earthenware .............. ............. ..................... 70 XVI. Earthenware ... ................ ............ ................ 70 XVII. Bone Implements ..................... ... .................. 7 XVIII. Copper and Iron Implements ............. .................. 7 XIX. Granite Quarry, Kirby Mountain ............................ 88 XX. Granite Quarries, Blue Mt., Black Mt.......................... go XXI. Map of Barre Quarries...................................... XXII. Nodular Granite, schist with granite injections................. 104 XXIII. Gneiss in Granite ......................................... io XXIV. Sheet Quarry, E. L. Smith & Co ............................ 18 XXV. Boulder Quarry, Barre, Boutwell-Milne-Varnum ............... 132 XXVI. Barre Quarry.. ..... .......... ............................. XXVIL Sheet Quarry, E. L. Smith & Co., Barre .................... 186 XXVIII. Carved Bethel Granite, Aseutney Granite................. 176 XXIX. Terraces on Cobble Hill................................... XXX. Cobble Hill, Milton ........................................ os XXXI. Section of Beach, Coichester...... .............. ........... 10 XXXII. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone ......... .............. 48 XXXIII. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone...................... US XXXI V. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone ...................... 48 XXXV. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone ....................... 4s Vi LIST OF PLATES. PAGE XXXVI. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone...................... 248 XXXVII. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone..................... 248 XXXVIII. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone.................... 248 XXXIX. Trilobites from the Chazy Limestone ...................... 248 XL. Geological Map of the Burlington Quadrangle ................... 949 XLI. Contact, Limestone and Schist at Hubbells Falls ................ 250 List of Figures in the Text. XLII. Outcrops of Silicious Limestone, Ilubbells Falls ........... .... 952 XLIII. Outcrop, Silicious Limestone, Hinesburg ..................... 252 XLIV. Mount Philo ............................................. 954 XLV. Overthrust, Rock Point..................................... 254 PAGE XLVI. Western End of Rock Point ................................ 256 XLVII. Red Sandrock Outcrop .................................... .956 Figure 1. Contact, Ellis Quarry................................... 89 XLVIII. Map of Addison County .................................. 258 Figure 2. Thin Section Across Contact ............................ 89 XLIX. Contact of Beekmantown and Trenton, Middlebury ........... 800 Figure 3. Diagram of Granite, Mica Schist and Slate................ 90 L. Nothozoe vermontana .......................................... 804 Figure 4. Details of Contact, Granite and Mica Slate................ 91 LI. Lingula limitaris ............................................. 808 Figure 5. Map, showing Location of Quarries in Woodbury........... 96 LII. Roll of Limestone, Leciester Junction .......................... 810 Figure 6. Map of Kirby and Newport............................. 98 LIII. Fort Cassin Fossils......................................... 314 Figure 7. Map of Ryegate, Groton, Topsham....................... 103 LIV. Fort Cassin Fossils.......................................... 314 Figure 8. Structure, Benzie Quarry, Groton........................ 109 LV. Fort Cassin Fossils........................................... 314 Figure 9. Section Thru Granite Mass, Barre........................ 114 LVI. Fort Cassjn Fossils.......................................... 314 Figure 10. Structure, Boutwell Quarry.............................. 124 LVI. Fort Cassin Fossils.......................................... 314 Figure 11. Structure, Empire Quarry ............................... 17 LVII. Fort Cassin Fossils......................................... 314 Figure 12. Structure, Stephen & Gerrard Quarry..................... 131 LVIII. Fort Cassin Fossils........................................ 314 Figure 13. Structure, Jones Light Quarry........................... 133 LIX. Fort Cassin Fossils ......................................... 314 Figure 14. Structure, Smith & Duffee Quarries ...................... 186 LX. Fort Cassin Fossils.......................................... 314 Figure 15. Structure, Barney Quarry............................... 140 LXI. Fort Cassin Fossils......................................... 314 Figure 16. Structure, Consolidated, Marr & Gordon Quarry........... 144 LXII. Fort Cassin Fossils .......................................... 314 Figure 17. Structure, Miles Quarry................................. 149 LXIII. Asbestos Outcropping, Lowell ............................. 318 Figure 18. Structure, Pine Quarry .................................. 152 LXIV. Asbestos Opening, Chrysotile ............................... 394 Figure 19. Structure, Woodbury Company's Quarry................. 165 LXV. Asbestos Opening, Chrysotile ................................ 326 Figure 20. Map of Bethel, Randolph and Rochester.................. 174 LXVI. Mill, Chrysotile........................................... 328 Figure 21. Structure, Bethel Quarries............................... 101 LXVII. Map showing Areas, Granite, Marble, Slate, Talc ............ 339 Figure 29. Map of Vermont ....................................... 956 LXVIII. Soapstone Quarry, Athens................................ 346 Figure 28. Map of Fort Cassin and vicinity .................... 971 LXIX Folded Limestone, Huntley 's Quarry, Leicester ............... 848 Figure 24. Solenopora compacta .............................. 274 LXX. Folded Limestone, Swinnington's Quarry, Leicester............ 350 Figure 25. Triarthrus becki .................................. 281 LXXI. Rolled Limestone, Swinnington's Quarry ..................... 352 Figure 96. Snake Mountain.................................. 285 Figure V. Map of East Shoreham ............................ 289 Figure 28. Map of part of Shoreham .......................... 290 Figure 29. Orthoceras primogenium ........................... 303 Figure 30. Map of Lake Dunmore and Silver Lake ............. 306 Figure 31. Section of Lituites ................................. 313 STATE OF VERMONT. OFFICE OF STATE GEOLOGIST. BURLINGTON, VT., October 1st, 1910. To His Excellency George H. Prouty, Governor of Vermont: Sin: In accordance with Section 279, Statutes of 1900, I herewith present my Seventh Biennial Report as State Geologist. A summary of the work carried on during the years 1909 and 1910 is given in the introduction. As in past years much important assistance has been afforded by several co-workers who have investigated the geology of different parts of the State. Some of these gentlemen have been paid very moderate- ly as assistants on the Survey, but some of the most valuable work has been done at little or no cost to the State. This refers especially to the investigations of Professor Seely, Dr. Raymond and Dr. Dale. All of this work is of permanent value and the Geologist considers it extremely fortunate that its results can be in- cluded in this report. Aside from the field work which frequently requires attention, the preparation of reports, examination of a large number of samples of rocks, minerals and ores which are constantly coming into this office, a very large correspondence has been carried on with dealers in stone, contractors and others who have desired information as to the stone products of this State. Very respectfully, GEORGE H. PERKINS, State
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  • 2Nd International Trilobite Conference (Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, August 22-24, 1997) ABSTRACTS

    2Nd International Trilobite Conference (Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, August 22-24, 1997) ABSTRACTS

    2nd International Trilobite Conference (Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, August 22-24, 1997) ABSTRACTS. Characters and Parsimony. Jonathan M. Adrain, Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United King- dom; Gregory D. Edgecombe, Centre for Evolutionary Research, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney South, New South Wales 2000, Australia Character analysis is the single most important element of any phylogenetic study. Characters are simply criteria for comparing homologous organismic parts between taxa. Homology of organismic parts in any phylogenetic study is an a priori assumption, founded upon topological similarity through some or all stages of ontogeny. Once homolo- gies have been suggested, characters are invented by specifying bases of comparison of organismic parts from taxon to taxon within the study group. Ideally, all variation in a single homology occurring within the study group should be accounted for. Comparisons are between attributes of homologous parts, (e.g., simple presence, size of some- thing, number of something), and these attributes are referred to as character states. Study taxa are assigned member- ship in one (or more, in the case of polymorphisms) character-state for each character in the analysis. A single char- acter now implies discrete groupings of taxa, but this in itself does not constitute a phylogeny. In order to suggest or convey phylogenetic information, the historical status of each character-state, and of the the group of taxa it sug- gests, must be evaluated. That is, in the case of any two states belonging to the same character, we need to discover whether one state is primitive (broadly speaking, ancestral) or derived (representative of an evolutionary innovation) relative to the other.