Ankylosaurus Meaning : Fused Lizard

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET HERBIVORE Ankylosaurus Meaning : Fused Lizard · Length 6~9m · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous · Location North America MAGFOR P M · Le Ankylosaurus · P x 10 x 2 x 18 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET HERBIVORE Pachycephalosaurus Meaning : Thick-Headed Lizard · Length 4~5m Ankylosaurus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 10 x 2 x 18 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 · Location North America MAGFOR Trice M · Le Pachycephalosaurus · P x 4 x 8 x 16 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 1 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET HERBIVORE Triceratops Meaning : Three Homed Face · Length 8~9m Pachycephalosaurus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 4 x 8 x 16 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 1 · Location North America MAGFOR S M · Le Triceratops · P x 6 x 6 x 19 x 2 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET HERBIVORE Stegosaurus Meaning : Roofed Lizard · Length 9m Triceratops · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 6 x 6 x 19 x 2 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 · Location North America MAGFOR S M · Le Stegosaurus · P x 10 x 4 x 16 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET HERBIVORE Seismosaurus Meaning : Earthquake Lizard · Length 30~40m Stegosaurus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 10 x 4 x 16 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 · Location North America MAGFOR P M · Seismosaurus · P x 2 x 4 x 17 x 4 x 1 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET HERBIVORE Parasaurolophus Meaning : Near crested Lizard · Length 10m Seismosaurus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 2 x 4 x 17 x 4 x 1 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 2 · Location North America MAGFOR El M · Le Parasaurolophus · P x 2 x 8 x 19 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET CARNIVORE Elasmosaurus Meaning : Thin Plate Lizard · Length 13~14m Parasaurolophus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 2 x 8 x 19 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 2 · Location North America MAGFOR · Le Elasmosaurus · P x 4 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET CARNIVORE Pteranodon Meaning : Toothless Wing · Length 7~9m Elasmosaurus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 4 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 x 2 · Location Europe North America MAGFOR · Le Pteranodon · P x 8 x 18 x 4 x 4 x 4 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET CARNIVORE Tyrannosaurus Meaning : Tyrant Lizard King · Length 12~15m Pteranodon · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 8 x 18 x 4 x 4 x 4 · Location North America MAGFOR S M · Le Tyrannosaurus · P x 2 x 8 x 18 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 · L MAGFORMERS I DINOSAURS SET CARNIVORE Spinosaurus Meaning : Spiny Lizard · Length 12~18m Tyrannosaurus · Period HERE Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous x 2 x 8 x 18 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 · Location Africa Spinosaurus x 7 x 8 x 17 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 4.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

By Howard Zimmerman
by Howard Zimmerman DINO_COVERS.indd 4 4/24/08 11:58:35 AM [Intentionally Left Blank] by Howard Zimmerman Consultant: Luis M. Chiappe, Ph.D. Director of the Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 1629_ArmoredandDangerous_FNL.ind1 1 4/11/08 11:11:17 AM Credits Title Page, © Luis Rey; TOC, © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; 4-5, © John Bindon; 6, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 7, © Luis Rey; 8, © Luis Rey; 9, © Adam Stuart Smith; 10T, © Luis Rey; 10B, © Colin Keates/Dorling Kindersly; 11, © Phil Wilson; 12L, Courtesy of the Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta; 12R, © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; 13, © Phil Wilson; 14-15, © Phil Wilson; 16-17, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 18T, © 2007 by Karen Carr and Karen Carr Studio; 18B, © photomandan/istockphoto; 19, © Luis Rey; 20, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 21, © John Bindon; 23TL, © Phil Wilson; 23TR, © Luis Rey; 23BL, © Vladimir Sazonov/Shutterstock; 23BR, © Luis Rey. Publisher: Kenn Goin Editorial Director: Adam Siegel Creative Director: Spencer Brinker Design: Dawn Beard Creative Cover Illustration: Luis Rey Photo Researcher: Omni-Photo Communications, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zimmerman, Howard. Armored and dangerous / by Howard Zimmerman. p. cm. — (Dino times trivia) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59716-712-3 (library binding) ISBN-10: 1-59716-712-6 (library binding) 1. Ornithischia—Juvenile literature. 2. Dinosaurs—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QE862.O65Z56 2009 567.915—dc22 2008006171 Copyright © 2009 Bearport Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
[Show full text]
The Systematic Position of the Enigmatic Thyreophoran Dinosaur Paranthodon Africanus, and the Use of Basal Exemplifiers in Phyl
1 The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaur Paranthodon africanus, 2 and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis 3 4 Thomas J. Raven1,2 ,3 and Susannah C. R. Maidment2 ,3 5 61Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, UK 72School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, UK 8 3Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK 9 10Corresponding author: Thomas J. Raven 11 12Email address: [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21ABSTRACT 22 23The first African dinosaur to be discovered, Paranthodon africanus was found in 1845 in the 24Lower Cretaceous of South Africa. Taxonomically assigned to numerous groups since discovery, 25in 1981 it was described as a stegosaur, a group of armoured ornithischian dinosaurs 26characterised by bizarre plates and spines extending from the neck to the tail. This assignment 27that has been subsequently accepted. The type material consists of a premaxilla, maxilla, a nasal, 28and a vertebra, and contains no synapomorphies of Stegosauria. Several features of the maxilla 29and dentition are reminiscent of Ankylosauria, the sister-taxon to Stegosauria, and the premaxilla 30appears superficially similar to that of some ornithopods. The vertebral material has never been 31described, and since the last description of the specimen, there have been numerous discoveries 32of thyreophoran material potentially pertinent to establishing the taxonomic assignment of the 33specimen. An investigation of the taxonomic and systematic position of Paranthodon is therefore 34warranted. This study provides a detailed re-description, including the first description of the 35vertebra. Numerous phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the systematic position of 36Paranthodon is highly labile and subject to change depending on which exemplifier for the clade 37Stegosauria is used.
[Show full text]
Ankylosaurus Magniventris
FOR OUR ENGLISH-SPEAKING GUESTS: “Dinosauria” is the scientific name for dinosaurs, and derives from Ancient Greek: “Deinos”, meaning “terrible, potent or fearfully great”, and “sauros”, meaning “lizard or reptile”. Dinosaurs are among the most successful animals in the history of life on Earth. They dominated the planet for nearly 160 million years during the entire Mesozoic era, from the Triassic period 225 million years ago. It was followed by the Jurassic period and then the Cretaceous period, which ended 65 million years ago with the extinction of dinosaurs. Here follows a detailed overview of the dinosaur exhibition that is on display at Dinosauria, which is produced by Dinosauriosmexico. Please have a look at the name printed on top of the Norwegian sign right by each model to identify the correct dinosaur. (Note that the shorter Norwegian text is similar, but not identical to the English text, which is more in-depth) If you have any questions, please ask our staff wearing colorful shirts with flower decorations. We hope you enjoy your visit at INSPIRIA science center! Ankylosaurus magniventris Period: Late Cretaceous (65 million years ago) Known locations: United States and Canada Diet: Herbivore Size: 9 m long Its name means "fused lizard". This dinosaur lived in North America 65 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. This is the most widely known armoured dinosaur, with a club on its tail. The final vertebrae of the tail were immobilized by overlapping the connections, turning it into a solid handle. The tail club (or tail knob) is composed of several osteoderms fused into one unit, with two larger plates on the sides.
[Show full text]
Dinosauria: Ornithischia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Diversity and convergences in the evolution of feeding adaptations in ankylosaurs Törölt: Diversity of feeding characters explains evolutionary success of ankylosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)¶ (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér Attila Ősi1, 2*, Edina Prondvai2, 3, Jordan Mallon4, Emese Réka Bodor5 Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér 1Department of Paleontology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Hungary; +36 30 374 87 63; [email protected] 2MTA-ELTE Lendület Dinosaur Research Group, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Hungary; +36 70 945 51 91; [email protected] 3University of Gent, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Research Group, K.L. Ledegankstraat 35, Gent, Belgium; +32 471 990733; [email protected] 4Palaeobiology, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4, Canada; +1 613 364 4094; [email protected] 5Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Stefánia út 14, 1143, Hungary; +36 70 948 0248; [email protected] Research was conducted at the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. *Corresponding author: Attila Ősi, [email protected] Acknowledgements This work was supported by the MTA–ELTE Lendület Programme (Grant No. LP 95102), OTKA (Grant No. T 38045, PD 73021, NF 84193, K 116665), National Geographic Society (Grant No. 7228–02, 7508–03), Bakonyi Bauxitbánya Ltd, Geovolán Ltd, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Canadian Museum of Nature, The Jurassic Foundation, Hantken Miksa Foundation, Eötvös Loránd University. Disclosure statment: All authors declare that there is no financial interest or benefit arising from the direct application of this research.
[Show full text]
Fat Ankylosaurs- Reali Y, Really Fai' Ankylosaurs
Ii... THE DINOSAUR REPORT SPRING 1995 GREGORY S. PAUL'S DINOART NOTES FAT ANKYLOSAURS- REALI Y, REALLY FAI' ANKYLOSAURS nkylosaurs have been among the most until it was carried horizontally-there are no tail drag difficult subjects for the paleoartist, They are marks. Nodosaurid tails were fairly supple along their A rare, and complete skeletons with armor in place entire length. The last half of ankylosaurid tails were are especially so. Their species identity and relationships rigidly braced and inflexible. This helped carry the tail are confusing, hindering attempts to combine partial club, which was porous and not as heavy as the skeletons co make a whole animal. Finally, the structure mineralized fossil looks. of ankylosaur skeletons is most peculiar, making it hard co figure out how they go cogether. Many past The result is a.flat-topped body that one could almost restorations have been rather formless, sprawling legged have lunch on. In front view the appearance can only be caricatures with inaccurate armor. More modern efforts called ludicrous. There is nothing similar alive today. have placed the armor more correctly, and have brought One ankylosaur that does not share this construction is the legs under the body so that they could walk our the Asian Talarurus, which has a rounder, more hippo-like narrow gauge trackways assigned to ankylosaurs. body. The enormous belly contained a great fermenting digestive vat that broke down food little processed by a The many problems caused me to avoid attempting to weak dentition. The limbs of ankylosaurs are longer rescore ankylosaur skeletons until recently.
[Show full text]
Competition Structured a Late Cretaceous Megaherbivorous Dinosaur Assemblage Jordan C
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage Jordan C. Mallon 1,2 Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America. Te question of which mechanisms regulate species coexistence is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity1. Te standing diversity (richness) of extant megaherbivore (herbivores weighing ≥1,000 kg) com- munities appears to be mainly regulated by bottom-up controls2–4 as these animals are virtually invulnerable to top-down down processes (e.g., predation) when fully grown. Tus, while the young may occasionally succumb to predation, fully-grown African elephants (Loxodonta africana), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis), hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius), and girafes (Girafa camelopardalis) are rarely targeted by predators, and ofen show indiference to their presence in the wild5.
[Show full text]
Armored Dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia Family Ankylosauridae E.A
translated by Robert Welch and Kenneth Carpenter [Trudy Paleontol. Inst., Akademiia nauk SSSR 62: 51-91] Armored Dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia Family Ankylosauridae E.A. Maleev Contents I. Brief historical outline of Ankylosauur research ........................................................................52 II. Systematics section ....................................................................................................................53 Suborder: Ankylosauria Family: Ankylosauridae Brown, 1908 Genus: Talarurus Maleev, 1952 ................................................................54 Talarurus plicatospineus Maleev .................................................56 Genus: Dyoplosaurus Parks, 1924 .............................................................78 Dyoplosaurus giganteus sp. nov. ..................................................79 III. On some features of Ankylosaur skeletal structure ..................................................................85 IV. Manner of life and reconstruction of external appearance of Talarurus .................................87 V. Phylogenetic remarks and stratigraphic distribution of Mongolian Ankylosaurs .....................89 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................91 The paleontological expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1948-1949 discovered and investigated a series of sites of armored dinosaurs in the territory of the Mongolian
[Show full text]
Raptors in Action 1 Suggested Pre-Visit Activities
PROGRAM OVERVIEW TOPIC: Small theropods commonly known as “raptors.” THEME: Explore the adaptations that made raptors unique and successful, like claws, intelligence, vision, speed, and hollow bones. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Razor-sharp teeth and sickle-like claws are just a few of the characteristics that have made raptors famous. Working in groups, students will build a working model of a raptor leg and then bring it to life while competing in a relay race that simulates the hunting techniques of these carnivorous animals. AUDIENCE: Grades 3–6 CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS: Grade 3 Science: Building with a Variety of Materials Grade 3–6 Math: Patterns and Relations Grade 4 Science: Building Devices and Vehicles that Move Grade 6 Science: Evidence and Investigation PROGRAM ObJECTIVES: 1. Students will understand the adaptations that contributed to the success of small theropods. 2. Students will explore the function of the muscles used in vertebrate movement and the mechanics of how a raptor leg works. 3. Students will understand the function of the raptorial claw. 4. Students will discover connections between small theropod dinosaurs and birds. SUGGESTED PRE-VISIT ACTIVITIES UNDERstANDING CLADIstICS Animals and plants are often referred to as part of a family or group. For example, the dog is part of the canine family (along with wolves, coyotes, foxes, etc.). Scientists group living things together based on relationships to gain insight into where they came from. This helps us identify common ancestors of different organisms. This method of grouping is called “cladistics.” Cladistics is a system that uses branches like a family tree to show how organisms are related to one another.
[Show full text]
Additional Skulls of Talarurus Plicatospineus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) and Implications for Paleobiogeography and Paleoecology of Armored Dinosaurs
Cretaceous Research 108 (2020) 104340 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Additional skulls of Talarurus plicatospineus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) and implications for paleobiogeography and paleoecology of armored dinosaurs * Jin-Young Park a, Yuong-Nam Lee a, , Philip J. Currie b, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi c, Eva Koppelhus b, Rinchen Barsbold d, Octavio Mateus e, Sungjin Lee a, Su-Hwan Kim a a School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada c Hokkaido University Museum, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0801, Japan d Institute of Paleontology and Geology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Box-46/650, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia e FCT-Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal article info abstract Article history: Three new additional skull specimens of Talarurus plicatospineus have been recovered from the Upper Received 9 August 2019 Cretaceous (CenomanianeSantonian) Bayanshiree Formation, of Bayan Shiree cliffs, eastern Gobi Desert, Received in revised form Mongolia. The skulls feature unique characters such as an anteriorly protruded single internarial capu- 26 October 2019 tegulum, around 20 ﬂat or concave nasal-area caputegulae surrounded by a wide sulcus, a vertically Accepted in revised form 27 November 2019 oriented elongate loreal caputegulum with a pitted
[Show full text]
New Teeth of Nodosaurid Ankylosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England
New teeth of nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England WILLIAM T. BLOWS and KERRI HONEYSETT Blows, W.T. and Honeysett, K. 2014. New teeth of nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (4): 835–841. We present new nodosaurid teeth from the Valanginian of Bexhill, Sussex and the Barremian of the Isle of Wight, the first from the Lower Cretaceous of the United Kingdom. Teeth found during the mid-1800s from the Valanginian and ascribed to the nodosaurid Hylaeosaurus are probably from sauropod dinosaurs. The Isle of Wight tooth could possibly be referred to Polacanthus foxii, the teeth of which are unknown. These new English nodosaurid teeth are similar to those of North American and European Jurassic to Late Cretaceous nodosaurids, especially the American Gastonia, Texasetes, Mymoorapelta, Gargoyleosaurus, and the European Hungarosaurus. Key words: Dinosauria, Nodosauridae, Polacanthus, ankylosaur, Valanginian, Barremian, Cretaceous, England. William T. Blows [[email protected]], School of Health Sciences, City University, London, EC1A 7QN, UK; Kerri Honeysett [[email protected]], 10 Camperdown Street, Bexhill on Sea, East Sussex, TN39 5BE, UK. Received 8 November 2012, accepted 11 March 2013, available online 13 March 2013. Copyright © 2014 W.T. Blows and K. Honeysett. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 1993). Isolated teeth from the same strata as Hylaeosaurus Introduction (NHMUK 2310, NHMUK 3326, NHMUK R739, BMBG 004179, BMBG 013516) were tentatively assigned to There are few skull and tooth remains of armoured dinosaurs Hy- by Mantell (1841) and Owen (1857).
[Show full text]
Evolutionary Transitions Among Dinosaurs: Examples from the Jurassic of China
Evo Edu Outreach (2009) 2:236–247 DOI 10.1007/s12052-009-0137-0 ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Evolutionary Transitions Among Dinosaurs: Examples from the Jurassic of China James M. Clark & Xing Xu Published online: 9 May 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009 Abstract Dinosaurs have captured the popular imagination relationships and transitions. Familiar highly specialized more than any other extinct group of organisms and are animals such as Triceratops, Pachycephalosaurus, Stego- therefore a powerful tool in teaching evolutionary biology. saurus, Ankylosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Most students are familiar with a wide variety of dinosaurs Parasaurolophus are joined in the fossil record by hundreds and the relative suddenness of their extinction, but few are of their relatives with less-specialized features (Weishampel aware of the tremendous longevity of their time on Earth et al. 2004). Together, they comprise a many-branched and the richness of their fossil record. We first review some evolutionary tree that flourished for over 160 million years. of the best-known groups of dinosaurs and discuss how Dinosaurs are found almost exclusively in sedimentary their less-specialized relatives elucidate the path through rocks formed in terrestrial, rather than marine, environ- which each evolved. We then discuss our recent discovery ments, indicating that they rarely ventured out into the sea. of Yinlong downsi, a distant relative of Triceratops, and These river and lake deposits formed layers, or strata, that other fossils from Jurassic deposits in China to exemplify are overlain by younger rocks and underlain by older ones. how the continuing discovery of fossils is filling out the By studying how these and other layers of rocks and their dinosaur family tree.
[Show full text]
Relatório Anual De Atividades De 2013
Grupo de Etnologia e Arqueologia da Lourinhã Relatório Anual de Atividades Referente ao Ano de 2013 Presente à Assembleia-Geral de 29 de março de 2014 Relatório Anual de Atividades Relativo a 2013 Índice 1. Introdução ............................................................................................................ 2 Museu da Lourinhã – visibilidade e afluência ................................................................... 3 2. Atividades ............................................................................................................. 5 Âmbito Geral................................................................................................................. 5 Museu da Lourinhã ........................................................................................................ 7 Recursos Humanos........................................................................................................ 9 Estágios e Voluntariado ............................................................................................... 10 Etnografia e Arqueologia ............................................................................................. 10 Paleontologia .............................................................................................................. 12 Laboratório de Conservação e Restauro ........................................................................ 15 Projeto “Parque dos Dinossauros da Lourinhã” .............................................................. 16 3. Conclusão ...........................................................................................................
[Show full text]