DOCSLIB.ORG

Biltmore Stick – a Tool Bole – the Trunk Or Main Stem C Community – a Collection of Calibrated to Measure the of a Tree

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biltmore Stick – a Tool Bole – the Trunk Or Main Stem C Community – a Collection of Calibrated to Measure the of a Tree 9407/glossary 9/19/02 1:31 PM Page 2 A biltmore stick – a tool bole – the trunk or main stem C community – a collection of calibrated to measure the of a tree. living organisms thriving in an The forest is a complex diameter of a tree at breast organized system through acre – a unit of land equal to canopy – the more or less world with its own language. 43,560 square feet; a square height. breast height – 4-1/2 feet continuous cover formed by which water, energy, and When it comes to talking parcel of land approximately above ground level. See tree crowns in a forest. nutrients cycle. about trees, many words that 208.5 feet on each side. diameter at breast height. sound familiar mean some- chopper – see logger. competition – the struggle browse – twigs, shoots, and between trees to obtain thing different. We at the aesthetics – the forest value, rooted in beauty and visual leaves of woody plants used as clearcut – a forest harvesting sunlight, nutrients, water, and Maine Forest Service believe appreciation, affording food by woodland mammals practice in which most or all growing space. that to Be Woods Wise, it inspiration, contributing to the such as deer, moose and trees are removed from a site. helps to speak the language. arts, and providing a special snowshoe hare. Clearcuts are used for immedi- conifer – commonly called This glossary is designed to quality of life. ate commercial purposes and softwoods or evergreens. buck – to saw a felled tree Although there are exceptions, make it easier to communicate for regeneration of future into shorter lengths. A skilled most coniferous trees have with Foresters, loggers and all-aged stand – see uneven- forests. Clearcuts in Maine aged stand. logger knows the markets and are defined by state statute. cones and keep their needles others you may work with to biological diversity or biodi- can increase the value of the through the winter. manage your land. annual rings – see growth versity – the variety of life in tree by bucking it to fit the rings. all its forms and all its levels available markets. conservation easement – a of organization. Biodiversity legal agreement between a aspect - the compass direction refers to diversity of genetics, buffer strip – a narrow zone property owner and a qualified toward which a slope faces. species, ecosystems, and or strip of land, trees, or conservation organization or landscapes. vegetation bordering an area. agency that restricts the uses B Common examples include which may be made of the biomass – often the lowest visual buffers, which screen property. Most conservation basal area – the cross- value forest product. Usually the view along roads, and easements limit or prohibit sectional area of the trunk 4 consists of stems, branches, streamside buffers, which are development of the land for 1/2 feet above the ground; bark, etc., that cannot be used to protect water commercial, industrial, and most commonly used as an marketed in any other way. quality. Vegetation left along a codominant tree – a tree that residential uses in perpetuity. indicator of stand density and Chipped and used as fuel. stream, lake or wetland to extends its crown into the expressed as square feet per protect aquatic life and water canopy and receives direct consulting Forester – an acre. A tree with a 14” blaze – to remove a spot of quality. Buffer strips filter sunlight from above but independent professional who diameter has a basal area of bark from a tree, usually with sediment, provide food, limited sunlight from the provides services to private just over one square foot. an axe, to make a semiperma- maintain cool water tempertures, sides. One or more sides of a woodland owners. Services nent mark. Commonly painted and may increase diversity codominant tree are crowded may include expert advice, basal area factor prism – an to indicate boundary lines. within a landscape. by the crowns of dominant trees. preparation of Woodland instrument used by Foresters Management Plans, appraisal to determine the stocking of blowdown – any area on which bumper tree – trees near skid commercial clearcut – a of timber value, and planning the forest. (many of) the trees have been trails used as pivot points to harvest cut that removes all and oversight of timber thrown or broken by the wind. turn a load of logs, usually merchantable timber from the harvesting. Consulting best management practices See windthrow. resulting in severe injury to area. See high grading. Foresters do not have direct (BMPs) – voluntary guide- the bumper trees. In skid trail connections with firms that lines developed by the Maine board foot – a unit for layout, bumper trees are left commercial thinning – buy wood products, but are Forest Service and Land Use measuring wood volume in a in place to protect high-quality harvests which are aimed retained by woodland owners Regulation Commission tree, log, or board. A board trees from skidding damage. primarily at controlling the as their agents. See Forester. (LURC), determined to be the foot is 1 foot by 1 foot by 1 growth of stands through most effective and practicable inch, but any shape containing butt log – a log cut from the adjustment in stand density. means of minimizing erosion 144 cubic inches of wood bole immediately above the Trees removed are useful and and sedimentation of water equals one board foot. stump. of value for some purpose. bodies (streams, ponds, lakes, Usually used for sawlog Income from the sale or use of rivers, etc.) from logging material only. A common products produced exceeds activities. symbol is MBF, which ALL costs associated with designates one thousand board harvesting and removing timber. feet. 9407/glossary 9/19/02 1:31 PM Page 3 contract – a formal, written, crown – the live branches, deed – a legal document used dimension lumber – wood endangered or threatened even-aged management – legally binding form of twigs, and foliage of a tree. to transfer title in real proper- products that are sawn from species – a species is managing a forest or forest communication (agreement). ty from one person to another. logs. Hardwood dimension endangered when the total stand to produce a forest of In forestry, a contract is crown classes – a classifica- lumber is often used in the number of remaining trees of the same relative age. recommended between a tion of the position of an defect – any irregularity or manufacture of furniture or members may not be sufficient Even-aged management landowner and a logger before individual tree’s crown relative imperfection on a tree, log, or other products. Softwood to reproduce enough offspring techniques include harvesting timber, and to the rest of the forest other wood product that dimension lumber is most to ensure survival of the intermediate treatments, between a landowner and a canopy. See codominant, reduces the volume of usable commonly used in species. A threatened species clearcuts, patch clearcuts, and Forester for any work dominant, intermediate, wood or lowers its durability, construction, furniture, and exhibits declining or shelterwood cuts. expected to exceed several overtopped, and suppressed. strength, or utility value. other products. dangerously low populations hundred dollars. Defects may result from knots but still has enough members crown closure – the and other growth conditions disturbance – a change in to maintain or increase cord – a unit of volume used percentage of a given area and abnormalities; from insect forest cover caused by natural numbers. in measuring wood products. covered by tree crowns. or fungus attack; or from or human causes. Common A standard cord occupies 128 logging, or other processing forest disturbances in New epicormic branching – cubic feet of space and crown ratio or live-crown procedures. England include clearing for branches that grow out of the contains approximately 85 ratio – the ratio of the length agriculture, abandonment of main stem of a hardwood tree cubic feet of wood. It is of live crown of a tree to its agricultural fields, windstorms, from dormant buds produced commonly described as a close total height. Live crown ratio ice storms, fire, flood, logging, under the bark, usually in piled stack of wood 4 feet high, is usually expressed as a mining, and development. response to damage or an 8 feet long, with sticks 4 feet percentage of total height. increase in light. Severe in length. A cord is the legal dominant – trees whose epicormic branching increases measure of fuelwood volume cruise – a systematic, crowns extend above those of knottiness and reduces lumber in Maine. statistically valid forest surrounding trees which quality. inventory used to obtain capture sunlight from above cordwood – small diameter or qualitative information about and on one or more side of the even-aged stand – a stand in low-quality wood suitable for the forest. A cruise is often crown. which most trees originated firewood, pulp, or chips. the first step in developing a around the same time (i.e. the Cordwood is not suitable for Woodland Management Plan; den tree – a tree with holes or duff – forest litter of age difference between the sawlogs. the estimate obtained in such cavities suitable for birds or organic debris (in various oldest and youngest trees is a survey. mammals to nest in. stages of decomposition) on minimal, usually no greater cost share assistance – an top of the mineral soil. than 10 to 20 years.) assistance program offered by cull – trees or logs which are diameter at breast height Even-aged stands result from various state and federal rejected, or volumes deducted (dbh) – standard E cutting of all the trees in a agencies that pays a fixed rate in log scaling because of a measurement of a tree's stand within a relatively short or percentage of the total cost defect.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments
    -- - Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments mericans are looking to their forests today for more benefits than r ·~~.'~;:_~B~:;. A ever before-recreation, watershed protection, wildlife, timber, "'--;':r: .";'C: wilderness. Foresters are often able to enhance production of these bene- fits. This book features forestry techniques that are helping to achieve .,;~~.~...t& the American dream for the forest. , ~- ,.- The story is for landolVners, which means it is for everyone. Millions . .~: of Americans own individual tracts of woodland, many have shares in companies that manage forests, and all OWII the public lands managed by government agencies. The forestry profession exists to help all these landowners obtain the benefits they want from forests; but forests have limits. Like all living things, trees are restricted in what they can do and where they can exist. A tree that needs well-drained soil cannot thrive in a marsh. If seeds re- quire bare soil for germination, no amount of urging will get a seedling established on a pile of leaves. The fOllOwing pages describe th.: ways in which stands of trees can be grown under commonly Occllrring forest conditions ill the United States. Originating, growing, and tending stands of trees is called silvicllllllr~ \ I, 'R"7'" -, l'l;l.f\ .. (silva is the Latin word for forest). Without exaggeration, silviculture is the heartbeat of forestry. It is essential when humans wish to manage the forests-to accelerate the production or wildlife, timber, forage, or to in- / crease recreation and watershed values. Of course, some benerits- t • wilderness, a prime example-require that trees be left alone to pursue their' OWII destiny.
    [Show full text]
  • National FUTURE FARMER Editor-In-Chief
    Inside This Issue: Profiles in FFA Leadership Star Farmers: Telling It Like It Is THEY'RE CROPPING UPALLOVER. Some farmers say it's the best mission with a super-low first gear. racks can haul everything from tool- thing they've ever put on their soil. And a handy reverse so you can get boxes to cattle feed. 1" Hondas FourTrax 250 four-wheeler in to—and out of—just about any And if your north 40 is more like a and Big Red® three-wheeler. tight spot. north 400, you'll appreciate Honda's Both have dependable four-stroke You'll appreciate the virtually unlimited mileage, six-month engines, with enough muscle to tow maintenance-free shaft drive and warranty." twice their own weightr And they the convenient electric starter. Plus Honda's new FourTrax 250 and can go many places a tractor or pick- the comfort of full front and rear Big Red. They love to do just about any could near. up never get suspension. job you can think of—even if it's just Each features a five-speed trans- Their front and rear carrying horsing around. Unners are always in control— they know what they're doing. So read your owner's manual WINNERS RIDE SAFELY 5carefully. And make sure your ATV is in good operating condition before you ride. Always wear your helmet, eye protection and protective clothing. Get qualified training and ride within your skills. Never drink when'you ride. Never carry passengers or lend your ATV to unskilled riders. Ride with others— never alone— and always supervise youngsters.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 34 Forestry Measurement Techniques Measuring, Quantifying
    Forestry Measurement Techniques Measuring, quantifying, and displaying forestry data. Reference for: WILD2400, WILD3850, WILD4750, WILD5700 (updated September 2019) Measuring trees to characterize stands or forests has its own unique set of tools and techniques. Because trees do not necessarily scale to forests to landscapes, etc., there are important considerations to make to accurately characterize trees and stands in the field. Generally, the data we collect have little meaning in and of themselves, they need to be tabulated, or displayed graphical to portray their meaning. These data are important if we want to make important silvicultural consideration with respect to characterizing, and/or treating the stand. This may be to portray wildlife habitat, quantify current volume, or to enhance future growth, among other things. This handout is a review of some essential measurement and quantification skills requisite for forestry, and really any natural resource professional tasked with characterizing trees and forests. We will define some basic concepts, show you how to make some simple tree- and stand-level measurements. Then we will show you how to use the data collected for quantitative assessment of: stand stocking, determining site index (site quality), stand density, species composition, and diameter/age distributions. I anticipate that you would keep this handout for future reference during your curriculum at USU, and that it might be a helpful reference in your future. Tree Measurements (direct) Crown Base (CB): Height to the base of live branches. Used to calculate live crown ratio (LCR). Typically measured with a Biltmore stick, clinometer, or hypsometer. Diameter at breast height (DBH): where breast height is 4.5 feet (or 1.3 m) off the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Timber Harvesting and Forest Resource Management in Vermont: 2012
    ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER HARVESTING AND FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN VERMONT: 2012 VERMONT AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS AND RECREATION December, 2014 Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Forests, Parks & Recreation 1 National Life Drive, Davis 1 Montpelier, VT 05620-3801 (802) 828-1399 This publication is available upon request in large print, braille and audio CD. VT TDD 1-800-253-0191 The Assessment of Timber Harvesting and Forest Management in Vermont: 2012 was funded in part through a competitive grant from the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (NA S&PF), Competitive Allocation Request for Proposals (CARP) process. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report would not have been possible without the dedication of a long list of volunteers who gave their time and expertise to all aspects of the project from planning, to data collection, to data analysis, and the preparation and review of the final report.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Landowners Need to Know About the Measurement of Timber and Logs Before a Buyer Appears with an Offer, a Contract, and a Check, One Seemingly Cannot Refuse
    Forest landowners need to know about the measurement of timber and logs before a buyer appears with an offer, a contract, and a check, one seemingly cannot refuse. Often the check seems very large and the offer very enticing, especially if the owner has a bill due. So the owner may accept the offer without knowing much about the quantity of quality of the timber. Landowners who know how much timber they have to sell can make a better judgment about the fairness of an offer to buy. Comparing lists of timber volumes made several years apart will allow a landowner to calculate the growth of the forest in the amount of board feet per acre, per year. This growth, or “yield”, is the amount that can be cut from the forest, indefinitely, for firewood or lumber. Forest owners, who know this figure, become forest managers, and their decisions should be of greater benefit to themselves, the forest, and other people. This article deals with the basics needed by a landowner who wishes to measure the quantity of his own timber. Quality is another variable and will be discussed in a later article. MEASURING LOGS (SCALING) The most accurate way to determine the amount of timber is to cut the trees down. Then, measure and tally the number of board feet in the logs. The only tool needed is a yardstick. Logs are commonly cut in even lengths from 8 to 16 feet long. An extra 4 inches is customarily added for trim so that a 16 foot log is actually 16 feet 4 inches in length.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Stand Exam Field Guide V
    Southwest Idaho Common Stand Exam Field Guide Version 1.6 Field Season 2004 Table of Contents Section 1: Data Collection Procedures 2 Setting 4 Sample Design 10 Plot Data 13 Tree Data 18 Vegetation Composition 28 Ground Surface Cover 32 Down Woody Material 35 Appendices E Existing Vegetation Composition Types G Potential Vegetation Codes H List of Species J Fixed Radius Plot K Variable Radius Plot L Measuring Diameter M Point of Measurement for DBH and DRC N Radial and Height Growth O Measuring Age P Measuring Height Q Measuring Crowns R Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings and Tree Parts S Down Woody 1 Section 1: Data Collection Procedures The following fields are "required" regardless of examination level. Setting Project Name Region Proclaimed Forest Number District Location Stand Number Date Exam Level Precision Protocol Design Selection Method Expansion Factor Selection Criteria Number Plot Plot Number Surface Plot Number Down Woody Plot Number Quick Plot – A quick plot exam may group trees by species, diameter, heights and/or damage classes on both large and small plots. These exams collect stand structual data in an efficient manner. Measurement tolerances are relaxed to allow for occular estimation of many parameters. Diameters of live trees are estimated by DBH class and standing dead tree heights are recorded in 10 foot classes. Limited tree defect information is collected, growth data is not collected, and small tree measurements are not made other than a percentage of the understory vegetation. Cost is minimized by limiting the information gathered and reducing measurement accuracy standards. Extensive - An extensive exam collects accurate tree measurements to tolerance standards tighter than a quick plot, but not as tight as an intensive exam.
    [Show full text]
  • How Stand Productivity Results from Size- and Competition-Dependent Growth and Mortality
    How Stand Productivity Results from Size- and Competition-Dependent Growth and Mortality John P. Caspersen1*, Mark C. Vanderwel2, William G. Cole3, Drew W. Purves2 1 Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 2 Computational Ecology and Environmental Science Group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Canada Abstract Background: A better understanding of the relationship between stand structure and productivity is required for the development of: a) scalable models that can accurately predict growth and yield dynamics for the world’s forests; and b) stand management regimes that maximize wood and/or timber yield, while maintaining structural and species diversity. Methods: We develop a cohort-based canopy competition model (‘‘CAIN’’), parameterized with inventory data from Ontario, Canada, to examine the relationship between stand structure and productivity. Tree growth, mortality and recruitment are quantified as functions of diameter and asymmetric competition, using a competition index (CAIh) defined as the total projected area of tree crowns at a given tree’s mid-crown height. Stand growth, mortality, and yield are simulated for inventoried stands, and also for hypothetical stands differing in total volume and tree size distribution. Results: For a given diameter, tree growth decreases as CAIh increases, whereas the probability of mortality increases. For a given CAIh, diameter growth exhibits a humped pattern with respect to diameter, whereas mortality exhibits a U-shaped pattern reflecting senescence of large trees. For a fixed size distribution, stand growth increases asymptotically with total density, whereas mortality increases monotonically. Thus, net productivity peaks at an intermediate volume of 100–150 m3/ ha, and approaches zero at 250 m3/ha.
    [Show full text]
  • And Advancement Program
    1 I . DOCU COLLEC1 4-H Forestry Project OFEC COLLEC1 and Advancement Program Club Series 1-4 May 1962 . Na me______________ Address____________ School or community County Club leader_________ Name of club_______ Cooperative Extension Service Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 4-H Forestry Project What do you do in a 4-H Forestry project? Each year you must do the following: 1. Take at least three hikes into the woods to study trees, other forest plants, and wildlife. Find and identify at least 10 forest items on each hike. (Use pocket guide.) 2. Learn to identify at least 10 new trees or forest plants. Observe 5 or more different kinds of native birds, animals, fish, or reptiles Be able to describe them. Tell what they eat, where they nest or have their young, how they spend the winter, and. how they fit into the life of the forest 4-. Learn at least 10 new "woods words." Know their meaning and how to spell them 5. Participate in your clubts activities. S a. Attend club meetings regularly and be on time. You may be dropped from the club if you have two consecutive or a total of three unexcused absences.Be sure to call your leader and get excused if you cannot attend. b. Individual members (those not in a 4--H club) must complete a step in the advancement program each year until they have completed three steps (or equivalent). 6. Advance as far as you can in the Forestry Advancement program. 7. Write a story of your experiences as a 4-H forestry club member on "My Li_H Story" form, 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Spring 2018
    ALABAMA’S REASURED T FORESTS A Publication of the Alabama Forestry Commission Spring 2018 Message from the GOVERNOR STATE FORESTER Kay Ivey ALABAMA FORESTRY COMMISSION hereas, prescribed burning is the skilled appli- Jane T. Russell, Chairman cation of fire under planned weather and fuel Katrenia Kier, Vice Chair conditions to achieve specific management Jerry M. Dwyer objectives; and … Whereas, a key tool in the Stephen W. May III Wmanagement of Alabama’s woodlands, grasslands and wildlife, Dr. Bill Sudduth prescribed fire is the most effective, natural and economic pro- Robert N. Turner tection against wildfires through the reduction of fuels which Joseph Twardy have accumulated in the absence of fire and is critical to the STATE FORESTER ecological integrity of our natural resources; and … Whereas, Rick Oates prescribed fire is a traditional land management tool and is part of Alabama’s heritage and culture; … Now, therefore, I, ASSISTANT STATE FORESTER Kay Ivey, Governor of Alabama, do hereby proclaim March Bruce Springer 2018 as 'Prescribed Fire Awareness Month' FOREST MANAGEMENT DIVISION DIRECTOR Will Brantley With these words, Governor Ivey declared March as a time to recognize the value of this important tool to help manage Alabama’s woodlands. If you are a for- PROTECTION DIVISION DIRECTOR John Goff est landowner or a forester, I’m probably preaching to the choir when I talk about how important it is that we take advantage of the Alabama laws which promote REGIONAL FORESTERS your right to use one of the most effective forest management tools there is: fire. Northwest.............................Terry Ezzell You know that this tool gives us the ability to manipulate habitat, clear land, Northeast.........................Jason Dockery reduce competition, and prepare a site for reforesting.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Envirothon Forest Measurements and Management
    Pennsylvania Envirothon Forest Measurements and Management 2020 Forestry Resource Study Guide MEASUREMENTS Introduction: Like many other disciplines, forestry is a science based on measurements. While participating in the Envirothon program, you will learn to use the same instruments and collect the same data that professional foresters use to learn about and manage our forest resources. Many students enjoy the forestry section of Envirothon because it is very “hands on”. Becoming proficient with basic forest measurements is very important, because many of the more complex measurements require accurate forest data collection. Learning Objectives: At the end of this section, you should: Understand why measurements are important in forestry and understand which tools are used to obtain specific measurements. Demonstrate proficiency in “pacing” to measure distances and determine how many paces you have in a chain (66 feet). Demonstrate proficiency in the use of the following forestry tools: Diameter Tape Biltmore Stick/Merritt Hypsometer Clinometer Wedge Prism Angle Gauge (Not required for 2020 Envirothon) Conduct a sample plot as part of a forest inventory using forestry instruments Apply data to specific charts and tables to determine forest growth conditions. 2 Let’s Get Started: Pacing: The most basic forest measurement is pacing or counting your number of steps to determine how far you’ve traveled in the woods. A compass will help you determine which direction you are walking, but pacing allows you to determine distance. In forestry, distance measurements are based on a chain, which equals 66 feet. Many years ago surveyors literally dragged a 66-foot-long chain around with them to measure properties, which were measured in chains and links.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Envirothon Forest Measurements and Management 2019
    Pennsylvania Envirothon Forest Measurements and Management 2019 Forestry Resource Study Guide MEASUREMENTS Introduction: Like many other disciplines, forestry is a science based on measurements. While participating in the Envirothon program, you will learn to use the same instruments and collect the same data that professional foresters use to learn about and manage our forest resources. Many students enjoy the forestry section of Envirothon because it is very “hands on”. Becoming proficient with basic forest measurements is very important, because many of the more complex measurements require accurate forest data collection. Learning Objectives: At the end of this section, you should: Understand why measurements are important in forestry and understand which tools are used to obtain specific measurements. Demonstrate proficiency in “pacing” to measure distances and determine how many paces you have in a chain (66 feet). Demonstrate proficiency in the use of the following forestry tools: Diameter Tape Biltmore Stick/Merritt Hypsometer Clinometer (Not required for 2019 Envirothon) Wedge Prism (Not required for 2019 Envirothon) Angle Gauge (Not required for 2019 Envirothon) 2 Conduct a sample plot as part of a forest inventory using forestry instruments Apply data to specific charts and tables to determine forest growth conditions. Let’s Get Started: Pacing: The most basic forest measurement is pacing or counting your number of steps to determine how far you’ve traveled in the woods. A compass will help you determine which direction you are walking, but pacing allows you to determine distance. In forestry, distance measurements are based on a chain, which equals 66 feet. Many years ago surveyors literally dragged a 66-foot-long chain around with them to measure properties, which were measured in chains and links.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Test Bank
    FFA FORESTRY TEST BANK STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OFFICE OF CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION AGRISCIENCE EDUCATION MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA FORWARD This FFA Forestry Test Bank has been developed as a study guide for students studying forestry. This bank consists of questions and answers relating to all aspects of the forest industry. The questions have been categorized into twelve areas of study. • General Forestry • Safety • Silviculture • Tree Identification • Tree Physiology • Instruments and Equipment • Measurements and Mapping • Forest Insects and Diseases • Utilization • Wildlife • Fire • Sample Problems The questions for the General Forestry Knowledge Written Test phrase of the FFA Forestry Judging Contest at the district and state levels will be taken from the questions in this publication. This FFA forestry Test Bank contains 388 questions. However, several of the questions can be divided into a large number of additional questions. For example: a large number of questions can be developed from TREE IDENTIFICATION, questions 15-20; or, INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT, question 18. Additional questions can be developed from the questions dealing with measurements in MEASUREMENTS AND MAPPING or the math problems in SAMPLE PROBLEMS by simply changing the numbers in these questions. Any additional questions developed and used on the forestry written test will be based on the same process or procedure as those in this bank. Only the numbers will be changed. This FFA forestry Test Bank was developed as a cooperative effort by representatives from the Alabama Forestry Commission and Agribusiness Education. The following people are extended a sincere appreciation for their work on this publication: Ms. Madeline W Heldreth, Staff Forester, Alabama Forestry Commission; Mr.
    [Show full text]