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Nilai Penting Hutan Pantai (Pengaruh Jarak Pesisir Pantai Terhadap Status Konservasi Jenis Di Aipiri Manokwari)

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Nilai Penting Hutan Pantai (Pengaruh Jarak Pesisir Pantai Terhadap Status Konservasi Jenis Di Aipiri Manokwari) Biocelebes, Agustus, 2019 Volume 13 Nomor 2 NILAI PENTING HUTAN PANTAI (PENGARUH JARAK PESISIR PANTAI TERHADAP STATUS KONSERVASI JENIS DI AIPIRI MANOKWARI) IMPORTANT VALUE OF COASTAL FOREST (INFLUENCE OF COASTAL DISTANCE TO SPECIES CONSERVATION AT AIPIRI MANOKWARI) Slamet Arif Susanto1*, Simeon Abdi Putra2, Heru Joko Budirianto3 1 Alumni Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Papua, Manokwari Papua Barat 2 Mahasiswa Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Papua Jln. Gunung Salju Amban Manokwari Papua Barat kode pos 98314 3 Staf Dosen Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Papua, Jln. Gunung Salju Amban Manokwari Papua Barat kode pos 98314 *koresponden author: [email protected] Abstract The conservation status of vegetation in coastal forest needs to be explored, because coastal forests are an area of development in the future. This study aims to compare coastal forest vegetation (A areas) with vegetation in habitats 600 meters from the shoreline (B areas) referring to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Resources (IUCN) conservation status. The method used the analysis of vegetation technique for determining the important value index (IVI), then each component of the IVI data is compared through the one way ANOVA test followed low significantly different test (LSD) at the P<0.05. The result showed that IVI components of vegetation in A areas belonging to the IUCN category were higher then vegetation in B areas. The vegetation in A areas categorized as IUCN was: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre., Celtis philippensis Blanco., Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze., Polyscias nodosa (Blume.) Seem., and Calophyllum inophyllum L., while in the types B areas in the IUCN category were dominated by Spathiostemon javensis Blume., Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb., and Myristica fatua subsp. fatua. Vegetation of coastal forest needs to be prioritized as a conservation area, because species belonging to the IUCN category have high IVI. Key words: coastal forest, IUCN, analysis of vegetation, Aipiri PENDAHULUAN Vegetasi memiliki peran yang melaporkan bahwa karakteristik lahan penting dalam menyusun basal ekosistem. suksesi di tiga ekosistem berbeda di Bremi Phillips (1959) menyatakan vegetasi Manokwari Utara menunjukkan tipe tanah merupakan sebuah ciri khas ekosistem memengaruhi kahadiran vegetasi dari yang dapat berubah berdasarkan suksesi jenis tertentu. Jenis dominan di daerah ekologi. Paijmans (1976) menunjukkan lahan bera pegunungan dengan bahwa vegetasi di Papua tersusun didominasi oleh Pometia pinnata, berdasarkan karakteristik suatu area Pterygota horsfieldii, dan tertentu, sebagai contoh jenis Pometia Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense, di pinnata selalu hadir pada daerah dataran daerah dataran rendah didominasi oleh rendah Papua, dan Diospyros maritima Semecarpus papuanus, Premna merupakan ciri hutan di pesisir pantai. corymbosa, dan Macaranga mappa, di Budirianto dan Ratnawati (2018) daerah pesisir pantai dicirikan oleh jenis ISSN-p : 1978-6417 ISSN-e : 25805991 Page 98 Susanto, dkk. Biocelebes. Agustus. 2019. Volume 13 Nomor 2, Halaman 98-108 Macaranga aleuritoides, Barringtonia menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi dominan asiatica, Terminalia catappa, dan Hibiscus seperti Thespesia populnea, Cocos tiliaceus. Ekosistem lahan bera di hutan nucifera, Calophyllum spp., dan Casuarina pantai memiliki jumlah jenis dan individu spp., memiliki kontribusi dalam yang lebih sedikit dibanding dua menyimpan stok karbon di bagian barat ekosistem lainnya, sehingga eksplorasi Kepulauan Seribu. Keberadaan hutan lanjut mengenai ekosistem hutan pantai pantai memiliki peran ekologis yang perlu dilakukan. penting, namun status konservasi Istilah hutan pantai telah dikenalkan vegetasinya belum banyak tereksplorasi. sejak tahun 1911 (Goltenboth et al., 2006). Tidak tersedia data komposisi Ciri khas dari hutan pantai adalah memiliki vegetasi di hutan pantai Papua Barat, strata vegetasi yang dipengaruhi oleh khususnya jenis yang termasuk dalam kadar salinitas, sehingga keragaman pada kategori International Union for hutan pantai rendah, namun tingkat Conservation of Nature Resources toleransi salinitas tinggi mengakibatkan (IUCN), meskipun daerah pesisir akan tingginya jenis unik dan endemik menjadi pusat-pusat pembangunan di (Tuheteru dan Mahfudz, 2012). Beberapa masa mendatang. Penelitian ini berupaya penelitian di berbagai daerah hutan pantai membandingkan karakteristik dua area Indonesia telah menunjukkan bahwa sampling yakni hutan pantai dan 600 vegetasi hutan pantai memiliki ciri khas meter dari pesisir pantai di Kampung Aipiri yang mirip, misalnya jenis Calophyllum Manokwari Papua Barat ditinjau dari nilai inophyllum, Pongamia spp., Terminalia konservasi IUCN, sebagai upaya untuk catappa, dan Hibiscus tiliaceus (Talipariti membuktikan pentingnya ekosistem hutan tiliaceum) selalu hadir di hutan pantai pantai. Indonesia (Samin et al., 2016; Rohmah et METODE PENELITIAN al., 2018). Hikmatyar et al., (2015) Lokasi Penelitian (selanjutnya disebut area A), lokasi Penelitian dilaksanakan di hutan sampling daerah A dicirikan dengan pantai Aipiri Manokwari pada bulan hadirnya jenis Barringtonia asiatica November 2017, pemilihan lokasi (Tuheteru dan Mahfudz, 2012). Area B sampling vegetasi dilakukan secara visual merupakan 600 meter dari bibir pantai dengan memperhatikan kerapatan pada ketinggian 20–30 mdpl. Tipe tanah vegetasi. Dua sampel ekosistem lokasi pada area A didominasi oleh pasir, penelitian yang dibandingkan adalah sedangkan tanah pada area B didominasi daerah hutan pantai menuju 100 meter ke oleh tanah karang (karst) dengan arah daratan dengan ketinggian 0–5 mdpl kedalaman top soil kurang dari 10 cm. ISSN-p : 1978-6417 ISSN-e : 25805991 Page 99 Susanto, dkk. Biocelebes. Agustus. 2019. Volume 13 Nomor 2, Halaman 98-108 Peralatan dan Prosedur Penelitian (iucnredlist.org/search) untuk diketahui Penelitian ini menggunakan metode status konservasinya (Amber et al., 2019). analisis vegetasi dengan teknik continuous Pada tahapan ini dilakukan check cross strip sampling (Lekitoo dan Khayati, 2019), nama jenis yang disepakati dan author peralatan yang digunakan meliputi GPS, masing-masing jenis. kompas, rol meter, tali tambang, parang, Analisis Data dan tally sheet. Pengukuran dan Data jumlah vegetasi diolah pencacahan jenis vegetasi pohon menggunakan persamaan analisis menggunakan metode sensus secara vegetasi untuk menentukan nilai penting langsung di lapangan dengan acuan jenis (indeks nilai penting/INP) (Susanto et transek yang memotong kontur (Lekitoo et al., 2018; Lekitoo dan Khayati, 2019) yang al., 2005). Daerah bibir pantai yang telah ditekankan pada jenis yang termasuk melawati komunitas Ipomoea pes-capre dalam kategori IUCN. Persamaan yang merupakan titik awal (base line) digunakan adalah: (Goltenboth et al., 2006), sehingga pembuatan transek pada penelitian ini INP=KR+FR (untuk fase semai dan dimulai dari vegetasi pohon setelah pancang) komunitas Ipomoea pes-capre hingga menuju 100 meter ke arah daratan. INP=KR+FR+DR (untuk fase tiang dan Gambar 1 menunjukkan sketsa lokasi pohon) sampling di hutan pantai Aipiri Manokwari. Keterangan: KR=kepadatan relatif Analisis vegetasi membagi vegetasi didapatkan dari pembagian jumlah individu menjadi empat fase yakni semai, pancang, suatu jenis dengan jumlah individu seluruh tiang, dan pohon berdasarkan ukuran jenis dikalikan 100; FR=frekuensi relatif diameter batang (Folega et al., 2011). yang merupakan frekuensi suatu jenis Ukuran petak sampling untuk fase semai dalam area sampling dibagi frekuensi adalah 2 x 2 meter, pancang 5 x 5 meter, seluruh jenis; DR=dominasi relatif dihitung tiang 10 x 10 meter, dan pohon 20 x 20 dengan persamaan dominasi suatu jenis meter (Hadiah et al., 2019). Total area dibagi total dominasi seluruh jenis. sampling penelitian ini adalah 0.64 hektar Perhitungan nilai dominasi berdasarkan yang terdiri dari 8 petak sampling (20 x 20 ukuran diameter batang setinggi dada meter) di area A dan 8 petak sampling di dalam satuan meter. area B. Selain INP, indeks keanekaragaman Jenis yang telah diidentifikasi juga dihitung melalui persamaan indeks kemudian dikonfirmasi secara online keanekaragaman Shannon-Weiner (Hʹ) melalui website IUCN dengan persamaan: ISSN-p : 1978-6417 ISSN-e : 25805991 Page 100 Susanto, dkk. Biocelebes. Agustus. 2019. Volume 13 Nomor 2, Halaman 98-108 Hʹ= -∑ pi ln pi keanekaragamannya dibandingkan antara Keterangan: pi=jumlah individu jenis ke i lokasi sampling area A dan area B (ni) dibagi total jumlah individu seluruh menggunakan uji one way ANOVA pada jenis (N). Komponen INP masing-masing fase taraf P<0.05 menggunakan program pertumbuhan vegetasi yang termasuk ke Microsoft Office Excel 2007. dalam daftar IUCN dan indeks Gambar 1. Sketsa lokasi penelitian di pesisir pantai Aipiri Manokwari (gambar disketsa tanpa skala) HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Area A memiliki nilai konservasi merata, sehingga meningkatkan INP jenis yang lebih tinggi dibanding daerah (Tabel 3). Dominasi Talipariti tiliaceum sampling B (Tabel 1). Seluruh komponen (waru) pada fase tiang (Tabel 2) penyusun INP yang terkategori dalam menyebabkan perubahan pada iklim mikro IUCN kecuali pada fase tiang area A, sehingga menyebabkan tidak menunjukkan nilai konservasi hutan pantai hadirnya jenis lainnya. Susanto et al., (area A) lebih tinggi dibanding area B (2018) menemukan jenis Lansium (Tabel 1). Secara gradual hutan pantai domesticum pada fase tiang memengaruhi memiliki jenis terkategori IUCN lebih dominasi jenis lainnya di lahan Bera banyak dengan penyebaran yang lebih Womnowi Sidey Manokwari. ISSN-p : 1978-6417 ISSN-e : 25805991
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