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Survei Tapak Di Dua Daerah Interes Untuk Pltn Di Pulau Bangka

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Survei Tapak Di Dua Daerah Interes Untuk Pltn Di Pulau Bangka Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Energi Nuklir IV, 2011 Pusat Pengembangan Energi Nuklir Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional STUDI RONA AWAL LINGKUNGAN PADA TAHAP PRA- SURVEI TAPAK DI DUA DAERAH INTERES UNTUK PLTN DI PULAU BANGKA Heni Susiati, June Mellawati, Yarianto SBS dan Fepriadi Pusat Pengembangan Energi Nuklir – BATAN Jalan Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta Selatan12710 Telp.: 021-5204243, Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK STUDI RONA AWAL LINGKUNGAN PADA TAHAP PRA-SURVEI TAPAK DI DUA DAERAH INTERES UNTUK PLTN DI PULAU BANGKA. Berdasarkan hasil pra-survei tapak, telah ditentukan dua calon tapak, yakni Teluk Mangris -Tanah Merah yang terletak di Kabupaten Bangka Barat dan Tanjung Krasak-Tanjung Berani terletak di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Studi lingkungan selama pra-survei difokuskan pada pengumpulan data sekunder untuk menyusun rona lingkungan dan untuk mengidentifikasi parameter lingkungan yang dianggap akan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses penentuan tapak PLTN, khususnya dalam skala regional. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi: geografi, tata guna lahan dan air, meteorologi, hidrologi, oseanografi (pasang surut, arus), ekologi (flora dan fauna), budaya, bangunan bersejarah, demografi, akses transportasi, jaringan listrik dll. Berdasarkan hasil studi lingkungan pra-survei, secara umum tidak ada kondisi lingkungan yang secara spesifik akan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kelayakan daerah interes sebagai calon tapak PLTN. Dalam kegiatan selanjutnya akan dilakukan penelitian mendalam dengan pengukuran dan survei lapangan untuk menyusun rona lingkungan serta identifikasi awal prakiraan dampak penting dari pembangunan PLTN. Kata kunci: pra-survei, lingkungan, tapak PLTN ABSTRACT STUDY OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE AT PRE-SITE SURVEY STAGE IN TWO INTEREST AREAS AT BANGKA ISLAND. Based on the result of site study (pre-survey), it had been determinned two interest areas Bangka Island, namely Teluk Manggris-Tanah Merah located in West Bangka Regency and Tanjung Krasak-Tanjung Berani located in South Bangka Regency. Environmental studies during the pre-survey is focused on secondary data collection to compile environmental profile and to identify of environmental parameters considered significant in the influence of the NPP siting process, in the regional scale. The data collected include the following: geography, land and water use, meteorology, hydrology, oceanography (tide, current), ecology (flora and fauna), culture, historical building, demography, transportation access, electricity distribution, etc. Based on the results of environmental studies, generally there are no significant specific environmental conditions that would negatively affect to the continuation of pra-survey studies. In general, there are no specific environmental conditions will significantly influence the feasibility of interest development area as a NPP candidat site. In the next activity will be conducted in-depth research with measurements and field survey to prepare the environmental profile and initial identification of significant impacts forecasting due to NPP. Keywords: pra-survey, environmental, NPP site ISSN 1979-1208 163 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Energi Nuklir IV, 2011 Pusat Pengembangan Energi Nuklir Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional 1. PENDAHULUAN Pulau Bangka merupakan pulau yang sangat potensial untuk tapak PLTN, mengingat kondisi geologi yang cukup stabil dan jauh dari ancaman gunung berapi. Kendala yang ada saat ini adalah PLTN merupakan produsen listrik dengan kapasitas yang cukup besar, sehingga tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan listrik di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Namun pemikiran jangka panjang adalah Provinsi Bangka Belitung menjadi lumbung energi masa depan terutama untuk PLTN, dan listriknya dapat dialirkan ke Sumatera dan Jawa. Rencana pembangunan jembatan Selat Sunda diharapkan dapat mendukung hal tersebut. Pada tahap awal dilakukan kegiatan pra survei tapak untuk mendapatkan daerah interes di Pulau Bangka, dengan melakukan pengumpulan data sekunder dan konfirmasi lapangan. Provinsi Bangka Belitung merupakan provinsi yang belum lama terbentuk namun perkembangan industrinya cukup pesat. Kegiatan industri tersebut sangat membutuhkan energi listrik. Salah satu alternatif energi tersebut adalah energi terbarukan terutama energi nuklir. Oleh karena itu kegiatan Pra-Survei tapak PLTN untuk mencari lokasi tapak interes yang memenuhi syarat keamanan perlu dilaksanakan. Pusat Pengembangan Energi Nuklir - BATAN mempunyai tugas dalam melakukan inventarisasi tapak untuk PLTN tersebut. Kegiatan studi tapak di Provinsi Bangka Belitung saat ini pada tahap pra survei. Dari hasil tersebut di peroleh 2 daerah interes yang akan ditindaklanjuti pada tahap survei tapak selanjutnya. Sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan selanjutnya, maka perlu dilakukan pemantauan rona awal daerah interes dan sekitarnya untuk mengetahui adanya perubahan tutupan lahan, rona lingkungan, maupun adanya aktivitas penduduk di daerah interes dan sekitarnya[1]. Hal ini sesuai dengan Undang-Undang RI No. 32 tahun 2009 mengenai Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, agar setiap pembangunan selalu memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan di sekitar proyek, baik sebelum, pada saat, maupun sesudah adanya proyek[2]. Demikian juga dengan dokumen Safety Standards Serries IAEA No. NS-R-3 tentang Site Evaluation for Nuclear Instalation disebutkan bahwa dalam evaluasi tapak PLTN terkait keselamatan nuklir untuk perlindungan lingkungan dari konsekuensi radiasi akibat lepasan zat radioaktif jika terjadi kecelakaan nuklir maupun pada kondisi operasi normal perlu mendapat perhatian[3]. Inventarisasi sumber daya lingkungan khususnya data geologi, geografi, tata guna lahan dan air, meteorologi, kualitas air, hidrologi, oseanografi, ekologi (flora dan fauna), budaya, demografi, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi di tapak interes PLTN di Bangka Barat dan Bangka Selatan merupakan upaya untuk menghimpun data potensi lingkungan di daerah interes untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan data yang terbaru dan akurat berkaitan dengan potensi sumber daya lingkungan di kabupaten Bangka Barat, untuk melengkapi dan memutakhirkan data dan informasi yang telah ada mengingat hingga saat ini masih sangat terbatas. 2. METODOLOGI 2.1 Lokasi Penelitian Lokasi penelitian terletak di Daerah Interes-1: Tanah Merah – Teluk Mangris di Desa Air Putih-Mentok, Kecamatan Mentok, Kabupaten Bangka Barat dan Daerah Interes-2 : Tanjung Batu Berdaun–Tanjung Berani, Desa Sebagin, Kecamatan Simpang Rimba, Bangka Selatan (Gambar 1). ISSN 1979-1208 164 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Energi Nuklir IV, 2011 Pusat Pengembangan Energi Nuklir Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional 2.2 Pengumpulan Data Data sekunder diperoleh dari dinas dan instansi terkait dan data primer diperoleh dari survei dan observasi secara langsung di lapangan. 3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Kegiatan penyiapan tapak di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dimulai tahun 2010, yaitu dengan dilakukannya studi pendahuluan PLTN di Babel (Pra-Survei Tapak). Berdasarkan hasil studi pustaka dan konfirmasi lapangan terhadap 10 (sepuluh) lokasi yang ditinjau, telah dipilih 2 (dua) daerah interes, yaitu (Gambar 1)[1]: - Daerah Interes-1: Tanah Merah – Teluk Mangris di Desa Air Putih-Mentok, Kecamatan Mentok, Kabupaten Bangka Barat. - Daerah Interes-2 : Tanjung Batu Berdaun – Tanjung Berani, Desa Sebagin, Kecamatan Simpang Rimba, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Secara umum pulau Bangka aman dari ancaman geologi, gunung api, gempa bumi, dan tsunami. Daerah Interes-1 Daerah Interes-2 Gambar 1. Dua daerah interes di Pulau Bangka[1] Daerah Interes-1 berada di wilayah Kabupaten Bangka Barat dan Daerah Interes-2 berada di wilayah Bangka Selatan, merupakan dua kabupaten pemekaran di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung yang disahkan dengan UU RI Nomor 5 Tahun 2003 tanggal 25 Feruari 2003. Menurut Data BPS, luas wilayah daratan Kabupaten Bangka Barat adalah 2,820.61 km2 dan luas laut 1,541.29 km2 terhitung 4 mil dari batas terluar pantai. Berdasarkan UU RI Nomor 5 Tahun 2003[4]. Batas-batas geografi/administrasi dan kondisi lingkungan di ke dua daerah interes diuraikan sebagai berikut: 3.1 Daerah Interes-1 (Desa Tanah Merah – Teluk Mangris, Desa Air Putih, Kecamatan Mentok, Kabupaten Bangka Barat) Daerah Interes-1 terletak di Desa Air Putih – Desa Tanjung, Kecamatan Mentok, Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Secara umum lokasi batas utara Daerah Interes-1 merupakan ISSN 1979-1208 165 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Energi Nuklir IV, 2011 Pusat Pengembangan Energi Nuklir Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional daerah hutan lindung pantai yang beberapa tempat dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sebagai area perkebunan karet, kelapa sawit dan pertambangan timah rakyat (Gambar 2)[1]. 3.1.1 Letak dan Kondisi Geografis Kecamatan Mentok Kecamatan Mentok merupakan bagian dari sub wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Bangka Barat, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Kabupaten Bangka Barat mempunyai luas wilayah sebesar 2.820,61 km2 atau 282.061 Ha yang terdiri dari lima kecamatan yang kesemuanya memiliki desa pesisir, yaitu Kecamatan Kelapa (601,17 km2), Tempilang (398,86 km2), Mentok (469,00 km2), Simpang Teritip (626,47 km2), dan Jebus 9730,11 km2). Adapun batasan wilayah dari Kabupaten Bangka Barat adalah: Sebelah utara : Laut Natuna Sebelah Timur : Teluk Kelabat, Kecamatan Bakam, Puding Besar, dan Mendo Barat Sebelah Selatan : Selat Bangka Sebelah Barat : Selat Bangka, Laut Natuna Gambar 2. Daerah Interes-1, Desa Air Putih – Desa Tanjung, Kecamatan Mentok[1] Kecamatan Muntok memiliki luas daerah sebesar 469,00
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