District Profile Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

Rudraprayag district lies in the north west of newly created state of Uttarakhand situated in the Himalayas. The headquarters of the district is at Rudraprayag located at the confluence of the rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini. The district comprises of three tehsils namely Rudraprayag, Ukhimath and Jakholi. There are three development blocks namely Ukhimath, Agastmuni and Jakholi.

DEMOGRAPHY As per Census 2011, the total population of Rudraprayag is 242,285. Out of which 114,585 were males and 127,696 were females. This gives a sex ratio of 1114 females per 1000 males. The percentage of urban population in the district is 4.10 percent, which is much lower than the state average of 30.23 percent. The decadal growth rate of population in Uttarakhand is 18.81 percent, while Rudraprayag reports a 6.53 percent decadal increase in the population. The decadal growth rate of urban population in Uttarakhand is 39.93 percent, while Rudraprayag reports a 263.3 percent. The district population density is 122 in 2011. The Scheduled Caste population in the district is 19.68 percent while Scheduled Tribe comprises 0.16 percent of the population.

LITERACY

The overall literacy rate of Rudraprayag district is 81.30 percent while the male & female literacy rates are 93.90 percent and 70.35 percent respectively. At the block level, a considerable variation is noticeable in male-female literacy rate. Ukimath has the highest literacy male and female rates at 95.91 percent and 72.18 percent respectively. Jakholi block has the lowest male and female literacy rates at 91.46 percent and 65.81 percent respectively.

Source: Census 2011

The district has rural literacy rate at 80.92 percent and urban literacy rate at 81.3 percent. Ukimath block has the highest rural and urban literacy rates at 83.14 percent and 98.2 percent respectively. Lowest rural literacy rate is at Jakholi block with 77.27 percent and lowest urban literacy rate is found at Rudraprayag block at 89.42 percent. Source: Census 2011 SOCIO-ECONOMIC

The three sectors of the economy – primary, secondary and tertiary – reflect the direc- tion of growth of any region. In Rudraprayag the tertiary (services) sector contributed the maximum share of 54.20 percent to Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) which is slightly higher than that of Uttarakhand’s share of 51.9 percent to Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in 2013-14. The district’s primary (agricultural) sector contributes about 1/4th to GDDP (27.16 percent) while the secondary sector’s contribution is 18.64 percent. The GDDP of Rudraprayag in primary and tertiary sectors are more than that in Uttarak- hand.

On considering Net District Domestic Product (NDDP), Rudraprayag has 27.20 percent of share in the primary sector, 18.06 percent secondary sector share, while 54.75 percent of the income comes from the tertiary sector. Uttarakhand, as a state, gets 10.31 percent of its output (NSDP) from the primary sector, one third from the secondary sector (33.43 percent); but is certainly led by the tertiary sector (56.26 percent). The district’s share in Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Uttarakhand NDDP to the primary and tertiary sectors are more than that of the state and secondary sector lags behind that of the state, the primary sector share in the district is more than double than that in the state share. The per capita income or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year. Rudraprayag’s per capita income (Rs. 69,401) is less than that of the state (Rs. 1,12,428). Low per capita income is usually an indicator of poverty in a region. According to the Planning Commis- sion, Government of India, the proportion of rural population living below poverty line in Rudraprayag with Poverty Ratio (PVR) of 8.72 . Rudraprayag urban pov- erty is with PVR of 5.28 . 99.4 percent of the poor are in rural and 0.5 percent are in urban. Considering the distribution of poor across districts of urban and rural Uttarakhand, 0.84 percent of rural poor population and 0.02 percent of urban poor population are in Rudraprayag.

The percentage of main workers in the total workforce in Rudraprayag is 32.59 In terms of work participation rate (WPR) in the district, the male WPR is percent which is higher than the State main workers (28.46 percent) as per Cen- 45.68 percent whereas for female it is 47.53 percent. sus 2011. Among the four categories, Cultivators form about 73.57 percent of all workers which form the highest percent, while agricultural labourers form 2.83 In Rudraprayag block percentage of Work Participation Rate percent. The catchall category ‘Other Workers’ form 21.73 percent of the entire male WPR is the highest with 46.11 Male Female working population of the district which is much lower than that of the cultiva- percent and lowest at Jakholi with tors . It includes forms of employment in secondary and tertiary sector . The 44.62 percent. Whereas the Jakholi Ukimath 45.96 47.53 workers in household industry forms 1.87 percent. block has the highest female WPR with 51.19 percent and lowest at Rudraprayag 46.11 44.95 Ukimath at 47.53 percent. Jakholi 44.62 51.19

Source: Census 2011

Cultivators Agricultural Labourer Household Workers Other Workers 73.57 percent 2.83 percent 1.87 percent 21.73 percent

Source: Census 2011 BASIC AMENITIES & HEALTH Rudraprayag Uttarakhand

The overall percentage of households having access to improved drinking Household (percent) with improved water source is 86.5 percent which is lower than the state average (92.9 67.6 64.5 Sanitation percent) as per NFHS– 4, 2015-16. The same survey reports that 67.6 per- cent household have improved sanitation facilities which is higher than Household (percent) with clean fuel for 32.5 51.0 state average of 64.5 percent. Apart from drinking water and sanitation Cooking facility, only 32.5 percent of household use clean fuel for cooking compared to state average of 51 percent. However, in the district, 98.8 percent of Household (percent) with improved 86.5 92.9 household having electricity which is almost equal to the state average drinking water source (97.5 percent). Household (percent) with electricity 98.8 97.5

Source: NFHS– 4, 2015-16

In terms of health facilities, besides a district hospital, there is a network of sub- health centres (SHCS/Sub-HCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs) across the district. CHCs have the highest spread, followed by PHCs and then sub- health centres. Hence, CHCs and PHCs cater to a higher proportion of population than sub- health centres. The Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community. Health Facilities Covered NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Nutritional Status (Children under 5 Years) No. of Community Health Centre 02 59 Rudraprayag Uttarakhand

No. of Primary Health Centre 13 257 Total Rural Urban Source:Total NFHSRural– 4, 2015Urban-16

Stunted* 29.9 29 NA 33.5 34.0 32.5 No. of Sub Health Centre 68 1848 Wasted* 18.4 19.5 NA 19.5 19.9 18.6 Rudraprayag Uttarakhand

Underweight* 25.9 26.9 NA 26.6 27.1 25.6 Source: Rural Health Statistics 2016 Source: NFHS– 4, 2015-16 Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Ratio In Rudraprayag, the proportion of stunted children is lower in rural (29.9 percent) areas than in Uttarakhand having 34.0 percent of stunted children. Rudraprayag 33* Rudraprayag 158 Among the three broad categories, the average proportion of wasted children ap- pears to be the lowest both in State & District; 18.4 percent in Rudraprayag and 19.5 percent in Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand 33** Uttarakhand 165

Sources: *Stunted-Height for Age; Wasted-Weight for Height; Underweight-Weight for Height Source: Annual Health Survey 2012-13 *Annual Health Survey 2012-13 **SRS 2016 EDUCATIONAL STATUS — DISTRICT (Government Schools include schools administered under Central Government, Local Bodies, Tribal and Social Welfare Department and Department of Education)

Rudraprayag has 815 Govt. schools, of which 804 are till elementary grade. The district account for only 329 contractual teachers, of which 175 are male and 154 are female. 458 out of 804 Govt. elementary schools have in Rudraprayag have Anganwadi Centres. In other words, 56.9 percent of all Govt. schools have An- ganwadis. In Rudraprayag , a typical school has 4.19 teachers on average at elementary to higher secondary grade, while it is approximately 4.1 teachers at the elementary level. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at the elementary level is 7 in Rudraprayag , while it is 12 across schools with elementary to higher secondary grades.

Government Schools– Elementary to Hr. Secondary Grade Government Schools– Elementary Grade Only

458 Number of school having AWC* 458 815 Number of school 804 40913 Total enrolment (excluding AWC) 24144 Boys enrolment is 1.05 times higher 20989 Boys enrolment 11693 Girls enrolment is 1.06 times higher than girls enrolment 19924 Girls enrolment 12451 than boys enrolment 3415 Total teachers 3313

Contractual teachers 318 329

Male teachers Male teachers are 2.38 times more 2404 2315 Male teachers are 2.32 times more than than female teachers 1011 Female teachers 998 female teachers Average number of teachers per school 4.19 4.1 Pupil teacher ratio 12 7 *Anganwadi Centres Source: DISE, 2016-17

School Facilities As far as provision of infrastructure facilities are concerned, all schools in Rudraprayag have school buildings; the district has 797 elementary public schools with buildings and all 808 schools have school buildings as well. 807 out of 815 government schools have girl’s toilet. This is equivalent to 99 percent public schools having girl’s lavatories. Of the 804 elementary schools, 797 schools have girl’s toilet. Of the 815 public schools, 763 schools have libraries, which roughly implies coverage of 93.6 percent. Average Annual Dropout Rate

Drop-out rate in Govt. schools in Rudraprayag is 2.74 percent at the Primary level. It is 4.34 percent at Secondary level and 6.24 percent at Higher Secondary level

5.5% Higher Secondary Higher Secondary 7.08%

Average Dropout Rate is seen to increase 3.32% Secondary Secondary 5.34% for both boys and girls across higher - Upper Primary Upper Primary - grades. 4.1% Primary Primary 1.24% Source: DISE, 2016-17

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK

Anganwadi Centres (AWCs)

Blocks No. of schools Total number percentage of having AWCs of schools Schools with AWCs Among the 3 blocks of Rudraprayag, 61.2 percent of all Govt. schools in All Schools Jakholi have Anganwadi centres. On the contrary, Augustamuni has only 52.6 Augustyamuni 211 401 52.62 percent of its Govt. schools with AWCs. Jakholi 148 242 61.16 Ukhimath 99 172 57.56 All Blocks 458 815 56.20

Source: DISE, 2016-17

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK Pupil Teacher Ratio Blocks No. of Schools Enrolment Primary Primary with Upper Total Boys Girls Total Only Primary* Augustyamuni 401 8767(48.38%) 9353(51.62%) 18120 11 0 11

Jakholi 242 6636(48.30%) 7104(51.70%) 13740 14 0 14 Ukhimath 172 4521(49.94%) 4532(50.06%) 9053 12 0 13 All Blocks 815 19924(48.70%) 20989(51.30%) 40913 12 0 12

* None schools in this category Source: DISE, 2015-16

Rudraprayag has 815 Govt. schools, of which 804 are Elementary schools. Augustamuni has 401 Govt. schools, the highest among all blocks, while Ukhi- math has only 172 Govt. schools. Enrolment rate among girls remain constantly higher than that for boys across all blocks in Rudraprayag. Across all blocks, Govt. schools account for approx. 49 percent of boys in total enrolment while it is approx. 51 percent for girls.

Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at both primary level remains well below the RTE mandate of 30, with the lowest PTR appearing to be in Augustamuni block (11) of Rudraprayag and the highest in Jakholi (14). Average PTR is 11 in Augustamuni and 14 in Jakholi.

Average no. of teachers per school Primary Only Primary with Upper Total Blocks Teachers Contractual Teachers Male Female Total Male Female Total Primary Augustyamuni 1144 559 1703 68 69 137 1.95 0.00 4.25 Jakholi 743 259 1002 67 43 110 2.12 0.00 4.14 Ukhimath 517 193 710 40 42 82 1.84 0.00 4.13 All Blocks 2404 1011 3415 175 154 329 1.98 0.00 4.19 * None schools in this category Source: DISE, 2016-17

The proportion between male and female teachers is seen to vary heavily among the districts at Rudraprayag. The male-female imbalance in workforce is seen to be the highest in Jakholi, and lowest in Augustamuni block. The district of Rudraprayag has 329 para teachers out of a total teaching cadre of 3415.

Measuring the average number of teachers each school has, it is seen that at the primary level, Ukhimath has 1.84 average teachers per school, the lowest among all blocks. The overall average (Primary to Higher Secondary) for the district is 4.19. Rudraprayag has a total of 3415 teachers employed in its Govt. schools, of which 2404 are male and 1011 are female. Ukhimath (710) employs the lowest

number of teachers among all blocks, of which 193 are female teachers. Professional Qualification of Teachers

District Rudraprayag B.El.Ed. (2.02%) B.Ed. or equivalent (68.46%) Others (27.44%)

Augustamuni (2.88%) In terms of professional qualifications, 2.02 percent of teachers have a B.El.Ed. degree Teachers qualified with a B.El.Ed. Jakholi (2.00%) Degree in Rudraprayag only in the district. Augustamuni has the Ukhimath (2.00%) highest proportion of teachers with B.El.Ed. degree (2.88 percent).

Augustamuni (68.12%) Another 68.46 percent have B.Ed. or Teachers qualified with a B.Ed. equivalent degrees as well in the dis- Ukhimath (69.72%) Degree in Rudraprayag trict. Among the blocks, Ukhimath has Jakholi (68.16%) 69.72 percent teachers with B.Ed. de- gree

Jakholi (28.34%) Teachers qualified with any Ukhimath (26.34%) Around 27.44% of the total teaching cadre other* degree in Rudraprayag hold degrees other than a B.Ed. or a B.El.Ed. Augustamuni (27.36%)

Source: DISE, 2016-17

A negligible proportion of the teacher across Rudraprayag district are with no professional degree (1.70 percent).

* other category includes teachers with professional degree equivalent to D. El.Ed, M. Ed or equivalent, Others, Diploma in Teacher Training and Diploma or Degree in Special Education.

This is a preliminary report published based on publicly available data. Some of the issues discussed in the report are compl ex in nature and need further investigation and analysis. This publication is freely available for sharing for non -commercial purposes, and without any change, subject to due credit to the publisher.