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A Qualitative Exploration Into the Subjective Experiences of Healthcare Serial Killers Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2020 A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION INTO THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS Florence Tang Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Criminology Commons, Other Psychology Commons, and the Other Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Tang, Florence, "A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION INTO THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS" (2020). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 2279. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2279 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION INTO THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS By Florence Tang B.A. (Honours), Psychology and Linguistics, University of Toronto, 2014 THESIS Submitted to the Department of Criminology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Arts in Criminology Wilfrid Laurier University © Florence Tang 2020 THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS Abstract The prototypical serial killer is widely perceived as extremely violent offender who murders out of sexual gratification (Hodgkinson et al., 2017). The perception of serial killers primarily being sexual sadists may be greatly affected by an overfocus of research on sexually violent serial killers and a lack of attention on their non-sexually motivated counterparts such as healthcare serial killers (HCSK) (Lubaszka et al., 2014). In addition, a lack of qualitative inquiry into the experiences of serial homicide may be an impediment to understanding the deeper psychological reasons of why serial killers commit homicide (Kerr & Beech, 2016; Skrapec, 2001a). The current qualitative study addressed the literature gaps above and used Grounded Theory (GT) to explore how three HCSKs subjectively experience and justify their criminal actions through techniques of neutralization (Bryant et al., 2018) Results suggest that HCSKs in the current study experience serial homicide similarly and use similar neutralization techniques to mitigate their feelings of guilt and responsibility. A notable finding identified in the accounts of HCSKs in the current study are that they experienced a moral conflict in their murders but justified that death liberated their victims from suffering to reduce feelings of guilt. HCSKs in the current study and violent and/or sexually motivated serial killers in the literature also shared similarities in their experiences and justifications of their crimes, most notably feeling victimized by the system and blaming the authorities (e.g., healthcare administrators, law enforcement) for failing to prevent the crimes from occurring. However, HCSKs did not express living a fantasy which is inconsistent with what has been identified in studies on serial sex killers (SSK) (e.g., Ressler et al., 1988). Qualitative inquiry of HCSKs may help provide a holistic understanding of healthcare serial homicide and shed light on the psychological processes experienced by serial killers. Future directions to improve the knowledge of healthcare serial homicide were discussed. THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family and all the faculty members and my fellow cohorts at the Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU) criminology department for their continuous support for the past two years. I have been blessed with the opportunity of investigating serial homicide, a field which I am truly passionate about studying, elucidating, and preventing in the future through research. WLU’s criminology graduate program was flexible and open to different ideas. I was able to approach my areas of interest using the methods and theories that I wanted, through psychological criminology. I am also grateful to have broadened my knowledge of criminological theories that I previously had not learned about prior to my admission to WLU’s criminology masters program. Lastly, I would like to thank my advisors, Dr. Andrew Welsh and Dr. Thomas Fleming for their support throughout my thesis work and in my academic career at WLU. Thank you all for allowing me to build my confidence as an aspiring academic and reigniting my passion to further build my knowledge in the field of criminology and in serial homicide. THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Present Study ............................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 3 The Significance of Serial Homicide Research........................................................................... 3 Literature Gaps ............................................................................................................................ 6 Quantitative over Qualitative Inquiry ..................................................................................... 6 Techniques of Neutralization ................................................................................................. 10 Healthcare Serial Murder ..................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 3: Current Theories of Serial Homicide .................................................................... 15 Psychological Theories of Serial Murder: Positivism and the Clinical Approach .................... 15 Psychosocial Development: Attachment, Fantasy, and Compulsions ...................................... 21 Socio-Cultural Theories of Serial Homicide: Social Class and Self-Identity ........................... 25 Chapter 4: Methodology............................................................................................................. 29 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 29 Grounded Theory ................................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 5: Procedure ................................................................................................................. 35 Procedure ................................................................................................................................... 35 Sampled Offenders ................................................................................................................. 36 Data Collection and Analysis ................................................................................................ 38 Chapter 6: Results....................................................................................................................... 42 Themes Relating to Self-Identity .............................................................................................. 45 Feeling Internally Conflicted................................................................................................. 45 Feeling Misunderstood and Victimized ................................................................................. 51 Being a Serial Killer Versus Being a Saviour ....................................................................... 54 Being Us Instead of Being Them ........................................................................................... 56 Victims ...................................................................................................................................... 59 Perceiving Victims’ Deaths as Quick and Painless............................................................... 60 Perceiving Victims as Suffering Alive ................................................................................... 61 Reflecting on Whether Victim Selection Was Personal ......................................................... 63 Motivational Themes: Psychological, Situational Factors and Personal Motivation ............... 66 Psychological Motivation ...................................................................................................... 66 THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERIAL KILLERS Situational Facilitators .......................................................................................................... 72 Personal Motivation: Perceiving Crime as a Duty ............................................................... 73 Experiences and Perceptions of Crime...................................................................................... 75 Wanting to be Apprehended Versus Carrying on Crimes ..................................................... 76 Blaming the External Factors for Continual Crimes ............................................................ 79 Emotional Experiences .............................................................................................................. 84 Feeling Remorse .................................................................................................................... 85 Accepting Guilt .....................................................................................................................
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