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Ministry of Education and Training Vietnam Academy Of MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND VIETNAM ACADEMY TRAINING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ---------------------------- TRAN THI PHU RESEARCH ON THE MACRO FUNGI MYXOMYCOTA, ASCOMYCOTA, BASIDIOMYCOTA IN NGOC LINH MOUNTAIN, QUANG NAM PROVINCE Major: Botany Code: 9.42.01.11 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS HANOI – 2018 The thesis is completed at: Graduate University of Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Supervisors: 1. Prof. Dr. Sc. TRINH TAM KIET 2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. NGUYEN KHAC KHOI Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The doctoral thesis will be defended at the Evaluation Committee of Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Time: Date…. month …. 2018 This thesis can be found at: - The library of Graduate University of Science and Technology; - National Library of Vietnam 1 Introduction 1. Rationale The kingdom fungi contains heterogeneous organisms, with over 100,000 described species (Kirk P.M, 2008), however, as expected Hawksworth (2001) the number of fungal species can be up to 1,500,000 species. Fungi are very meaningful in practice, many species make food: Volvariella, Auricularia, Pleurotus; medicinal products: Ganoderma luc, Trametes versicolor, Cordyceps etc applied in pharmaceutical technology. In science, many species (Lentinus tigrinus, Schizophyllum commune) is the subject of studies on physiology, biochemistry and genetics. Besides, there are many species of fungi that harm plants and animals, some poisonous fungus cause coma and death for human. Researches on macrofungi in Central Vietnam have been mentioned such as Patouillard, N. (1923, 1928), Joly P. (1968), Ngo A. (2003), Dörfelt, H., Trinh T.K, Berg, A. (2004) etc, However, fungus research is still limited, so collecting and classifying fungus in the Central and Highlands has significant scientific and practical significance. In Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province, not has studied the macro fungi. Therefore, "Research on the macro fungi Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province" is a necessary to identify and contribute to the protection of the diversity of species composition, the rational use of resources, the protection of rare genetic resources for the Vietnam mushroom complex. 2. The Objective of the dissertation - Make a checklist of the macro fungi species; - Evaluate diversity of species composition, resource value of macro fungi; - Created a checklist for classification of indentified species of Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province. 3. Scientific and practical significance For the first time, the research provides a checklist of the macro fungi species, evaluate of diversity of species composition, resource value of the macro fungi, 2 constructs identification key, and describes the new species of fungus recorded for the genera and the valuable species macro fungi of the Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province, Vietnam. 4. Layout of the dissertation The dissertation consists of 150 pages, 65 images, and 12 tables. Introduction (2 pages), Chapter 1: Literature review (16 pages), Chapter 2: Object, content, research methods and natural, social conditions in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province (13 pages), Chapter 3: Results and discussion (106 pages), Conclusions and recommendations (3 pages), References (9 pages), List of author’s publications. Chapter 1. Literature review 1.1. Some main mushroom systems Mushroom systems of Gaümann (1964); Kreisel (1969); Ainsworth, Bisby (1971); Kirk P.M. “Dictionary of the fungi” (2008); Trinh T.K. (2014) “Check-list macro fungi in Viet Nam” 1.2. Macro fungi research in Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota in the world Before the XIX century, in the world Théophraste and Aristote studied Tuberaceae and Agaricaceae. Linnaeus with “Species plantarum”, some species of fungus have been mentioned. De Bary A., (1887) in London “Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, Mycetozoa and Bacteria”, compared the characteristics of fungi, animals and bacteria. The XX century, in New Zealand, Cunningham G.H., (1965) announced 550 species the Polypore. Corner E.J.H., research “Ad Polyporaceas II, III, IV” described of morphology, key to species of the Polypocre. Donk M.A., (1967) described, identificated key to species of the Polypocre in Europe. In 1970, Teng S.C., described 2400 species, 601 genera, 5 classes. Rolf Singer, (1986) with “The Agaricales in modern taxonomy”, described morphology, structure and spore the 230 genera, 17 families, the Agaricales. Zhao Ji-Ding, (1989) in “The Ganodermataceae in China”, described hyphae, spores and identification key to 3 Ganoderma with 64 species, Amauroderma with 20 species, Haddowia and Humphreya with 2 species. The theme "Pilze der Schweiz" for 25 years of Breitenbach. J. and Kraenzlin F. generalized the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota of Switzerland. The XXI century: Mao Xiaolan (2000) published “The Macro fungi in China”, described morphology, structure hyphae, spores. Heikki K. described and identificated key to 139 the Polypore in Russia. Zmitrovich I.V (2012), found identification key to 63 species, genera Trametes. Dörfelt, Heinrich, (2014) with “Morphologie der Großpilze” described morphology macro fungi: surface, hymenophore, skeletal hyphe, hyphe, spores, hole, the stratification of the tube etc. In Brazil Gomes-Silva A.C. (2015), analysed morphology and molecular of 20 species, the genera Amauroderma, 6 new species for science. In 2017, Ginns J. with “Polypores of British Columbia” described the morphological characteristics of 200 species the polypore: surface, hyphe, hymenophore, spores etc and construct identification key. 1.3. Macro fungi research in Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota in Vietnam Macro fungi research in Vietnam: Patouillard N.M. with 3 volumes of mushroom publications 1876-1924, described 235 species have been recognized 44 species for Vietnam. Joly P. (1968), in Lang-Bian, described 20 species, genus, Xylaria. In 1986, Parmasto E. summarized 310 species in the "Preliminary Catalog of Fungi Aphyllophorales and Polyporaeae s.str. Vietnam". Research on mushrooms in the North with typical works: Trinh T.K. (1981) published "Macro fungi of Viet Nam", describing 116 species. In 1991, Phan H.D announced 56 species. A checklist 837 species of macrofungi of Vietnam “Preliminary checklist of macrofungi of Vietnam” by Trinh T.K. in 1996. Trinh T.K and Trinh T.B. (2008) identified checklist 210 species of medicinal fungus. In the Central region, Ngo A. (2003) identified in Hue 4 classes, 28 orders, 55 families, 134 genera, 346 species, new record: 1 family the Gomphidiaceae, 7 genera, 39 species. Ngo A., and Nguyen T.K.C., (2013) identified 162 species, 63 4 genera, 30 families, 18 orders, 2 divisions the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, 21 species new record. Ngo A., and Phan T.A.L. (2017) identified 305 species, 92 genera, 43 families, 23 orders, 3 classes, 3 divisions the Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, 42 new record species. In highlands: Le B.D. (2001), with "Highlands macro fungi system" introduced basic knowledge, methods and descriptions of 300 species of mushrooms. Nguyen P.D.N. (2013) recorded three new species the Ganodermataceae. Pham T.H.G. recorded 51 species, 23 families, 9 orders, in Chu Yang Sin National Park. In 2016, Le B.D studied genus Coprinus in Lam Vien, including 6 species. Nguyen P.D.N (2017) described 6 species, genus Boletus, recorded two new species. In the South Vietnam, Le X.T., with "Development of mushroom production on the basis of investigating mushroom museum in Cat Tien National Park" from 2004-2009 identified 370 species, 128 genera, 45 families, 22 orders. Le X.T. (2010) published "Fungi in technology and environmental transformation" describing the morphology, microscopic structure of Ganodermataceae. Cat Tien in 2013. Tran T.M.H. (2017) with “Myxomycetes of Vietnam”, described of the book 56 species of Myxomycetes for Vietnam. Special, in 3 book of "Macro fungi of Vietnam", Trinh T.K. has showed a macro fungi system, character analysis, methods of collection, storage, classification, biodiversity, ecological analysis, life style etc.., described the fungal species of the 4 divisions Myxomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota with about 1821 species, over 1,000 illustrations. Currently, in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province, no has studied the macro fungi, so researching the macro fungi in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province is a very important and necessary task. Chapter 2. Object content, research methods and natural, conditions in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province 2.1. Object, research location Macro fungi of the 3 divisions Myxomycota, Ascomycota, Bosidiomycota in Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province; 7 communes in Nam Tra My district. 5 2.2. Research content Study on morphology and structure of the microscope; Develop a list of species composition; Diverse research; Analysis of resource value; Construction of identification keys; Describe some new species, valuable species. 2.3. Research methods Methods of collection, processing, analysis, and classification by Hanns Kreisel (1975), Singer R. (1986), Zhao J.D. (1989), Gilbertson R.L. & Ryvarden L. (1993), Trinh T.K. (2011-2013). List of macro fungi sorted by Kirk P.M. (2008), Trinh T.K. (2014). Diversity of living methods, geographic factors, resource values: inheritance of existing data, folk surveys,
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