Introduction
Introduction In 1931, Isma’il Sidqi, then Prime Minister of the Egyptian Cabinet,made are- quest to AlbertThomas,Director of the International Labour Office, for amission to be sent to assist the government in implementing social reforms.¹ At this time, as it was not amemberofthe International Labour Organization (ILO), contacts with Egypt wereextremelyrare. By accepting the Egyptian government’sinvita- tion, Thomas hoped to stimulate the introduction of new social laws and show the ILO’ssupport of social policy development in Egypt,while gathering infor- mationonthe country’sworkingconditions.When Harold Butler, Deputy Direc- tor of the International Labour Office, landed in Egypt in February 1932, he found acountry in the midst of social and economic change.² In Cairo, the government asked Butler to help formulate asocial policyprogramme suitable to industry in its “current stageofdevelopment”.³ Butler submitted adetailedreportoutlying the proposed legislativeand administrativereforms.Healsorecommended aser- ies of reforms inspired by the experiences of European countries as well as the principles laid out in the international labour Conventions. This mission of “technicalassistance”,asitwould later be known, would lead the International Labour Office to take on an entirely new advisory function. By making interna- tional civil servants available to governments to implement new labour laws,the International Labour Office was experimenting with anovel practice in interna- tional cooperation, which would expand in the post Second World Warera as part of international development programmes.⁴ Letter fromIsma’il Sidqi to Albert Thomas,September 30,1931. CAT5–26–1–1 “Relations, Informations. Egypte”,inthe International Labour Office Archives, Geneva(hereafter ILOA). Mitchell, T. 2002. Rule of Experts:Egypt, Techno-Politics,Modernity.
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