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Etnička I Vjerska Slika Srijema 1880.-1910

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Etnička I Vjerska Slika Srijema 1880.-1910 Etnička i vjerska slika Srijema 1880.-1910. Matanović, Damir; Tomas, Domagoj Source / Izvornik: Povijesni zbornik : godišnjak za kulturu i povijesno naslijeđe, 2009, 3, 179 - 192 Journal article, Published version Rad u časopisu, Objavljena verzija rada (izdavačev PDF) Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:788501 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-29 Repository / Repozitorij: FFOS-repository - Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek UDK 314.9(497.5-3 Srijem)" I 880/1 9 10" Izvorni znanstvenirad Doc. dr. sc.Damir Matanovic ETNIEKA I VJERSKA SLIKA SRIJEMA 1880._ 1910. SrijemskaZupanija kao administrativnajedinica SrijemskaLupanija, kao teritorijalno-upravnajedinica u sklopu Kra- ljevine Hrvatskei Slavonijeunutar Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, ustanovljena je 1745.godine, gotovo tri desetljeianakon oslobadanjatoga podrudjaod Turaka.Uz civilnu vlastna podrudjuSrijema, koju je predstavljalaSrijemska Zupanija,na dijelu toga podrudja,uz Savui Dunav,ustanovljena je Vojna krajina, tj. njezinaPetrovaradinska pukovnija. Ta je pukovnija obuhvaiala: podunavskidio Srijema,od Petrovaradinado Zemuna,te posavskidio Sri- jema. Unutar pukovnije nalazlla su se dva trgovi5ta: Mitrovica i Stari Slankamen.Odredene povlastice i neovisnostod vojneuprave imali su vojni komuniteti:Zemun, Srijemski Karlovci, Petrovaradin i Mitrovica.r Nakon Stoje Vojna krajinarazvoja(,ena 1873. godine, a potom i uje- dinjenas maticomKraljevinom Hrvatskom i Slavonijom1881. godine, pod- rudjespomenute Petrovaradinske pukovnrje pripojeno je SrijemskojZupaniji. U meduvremenu,Srijemskahtpanija bila je 1875.godine podijeljena na dvi- je podZupanije:Vukovarsku, sa sjedi5temu Vukovarui Rumsku,sa sjedi5- tem u Rumi. Medutim,podZupanije su ukinute 1878.godine i umjestonjih osnovanisu kotari. Tako je SrijemskaZupanua, uz detiri kotarakoja je do tada imala,pripajanjem Petrovaradinske pukovnije, dobila joS Sestkotara i obuhvaiala je: staru SrijemskuZupaniju s detiri kotara (Vukovar, Ilok, Irig, Ruma),Petrovaradinsku pukovniju s detiri kotara(Sid, Mitrovica, Zemun, StaraPazova), te kotareVinkovce i Zupanju,pridodane joj od biv5eBrodske pukovnije.Nakon toga, SrijemskaZupanija omedena je na sjeverui istoku Dunavomod Vukovarado Iloka, Petrovaradinai Zemunate otud Savomdo Kupinova,Klenka, Hrtkovaca, Mitrovice, Radei Zupanje.z Glavni grad SrijemskeZupanije kroz ditavo razdobljenjezina posto- janja bio je Vukovar.U razdobljukoje se obradujeu ovom raduZupanije su ' ZlataGvozdic-Filjak - JurajLondarevii, Srijemska kalvarija Hrtata, Znanje,Zagreb, 1995.,str.4l.-42. ' AnteSekulii, Hrvatski srijemski mjestopisi, Skokka knjiga, Zagreb,lgg7.,str. 15. t79 se administrativnodijelile na manjejedinice - kotare.Srijemskoj su Zupaniji takopripadali kotari: Vukovar, Ilok, Sid,Ruma, Irig, Vinkovci,hupanja,Mi- trovica, Zemun i StaraPazova. Na delu Zupanijebio je veliki htpan, a uz njegai prvi i drugi podZupante dinovnici.Birala ih je ZupanijskaskupStina. Zupanijskuskup5tinu sadinjavale su dvije treiine opiinskih zastupnikai tre- iina najimudnijih,po pravilu iz redovaplemstva. Od Zupanijskeuprave bili su djelomidno izuzeti municipalni gradovi Mitrovica, Srijemski Karlovci i Petrovaradin,koji su imali samostalnugradsku upravu, dok je Zupanijski grad Zemunbio u potpunostiizuzet iz htpanijskeuprave i podredenZemalj- skoj vladi u Zagrebu.' I{roz ditavo razdobljeod osnutkaSrijemske Zupanrje, ukljudujuii i razdobljekoje seu ovomradu obraduje, pa do slomaAustro-Ugarske Monar- htje, Srijemskaje lupanija pod vla5iu hrvatskogbana i pod upravomHr- vatskogsabora u Zagrebu.Od toga moZemointzeti samokratkotrajflo raz- doblje izmedu 1849.i 1860.godine, kada je dio Zupanije(ilodki, iri5ki i rumskikotar) pripadao Vojvodstvu Srbije i Temi5varskomBanatu. Danas je podrudjenekada5nje Srijemske Zupanije podijeljeno izmedu Republike Hr- vatskei RepublikeSrbije, i to na nadin da je RepubliciHrvatskoj pripao njezin zapadni,manji dio, s Vukovarom,Ilokom, Vinkovcima i Zupanjom, dokje RepubliciSrbiji, odnosno Autonomnoj Pokrajini Vojvodini unutarnje, pripaonjezin istodni, ve6i dio. Zbog praktidnostiobrade podataka iz popisastanovni5fva, u ovom ie seradu Srijemiz naslovaEtniika i ujerskaslika Srijema 1880.- 1910.godi- ne odnositina administrativnopodrudje Srijemske Zupanije. Takoder, termini zapadnri istodni Srijem odnosit 6e se na podrudjekoje se danas nalazi u sastavuRepublike Hrvatske, odnosno Republike Srbije, tj. njezineAutonom- ne PokrajineVojvodine. Metodologijapopisivanja stanovni5tva 1880. - 1910. Popisistanovni5tva na teritorijudanaSnje Republike Hrvatske provo- de se od sredine19. stoljeia.U razdobljunavedenom u naslovu,u kojemje teritorij dana5njeRepublike Hrvatske bio u sastavuAustro-Ugarske Monar- hrj", provedenasu detiripopisa stanovni5tva: 1880., 1890., 1900. i 1910.U tim popisimanije postavljanopitanje o narodnosnojpripadnosti, pa su podat- ci o tom obiljeZjustanovni5tva dobiveni na posredannadin, povezivanjem odgovorana pitanjaiz tada5njihpopisnica o materinskomjeziku i vjeri, Stoje ' BoZenaVranje5-Soljan, Stanovniitvo gradova Banske Hrvatske na prijelazu stoljeta, Skolskaknjiga - Stvarnost, Zagreb,lggl., str. 41.-46. 180 za nale prilike priznatai prilidno pouzdanademografska metoda za odredi- vanje nacionalnepripadnosti u tom vremenskomrazdoblju. Ipak se mora imati na umu da iskazanipodatci nisu dobiveni na uobidajenstatistidki nadin, tj. zbrajanjemizravnih popisnih odgovora. To ostavljane5to veii prostorza nepreciznostpodataka, ali odstupanjadobivenih rezultata i stvarnogstanja mogu biti neznatnas obziromda su vjera i jezik u nas gotovooduvijek bili izr azitanarodno sna odredenj a. a Popisstanovni5tva 1880. godine Popis stanovni5tvaproveden 1880. godine posljednjije provedeni pnje konadnogsjedinjenja Vojne krajine s Hrvatskomi Slavontjom1881. godine. Stogasu dostupnisamo podatci za zapadnidio Srijemakoji danas pripadaRepublici Hrvatskoj. Ipak, procjenu etnidkog sastava pojedinih admi- nistrativnihjedinica molemo izvr5iti uzimajuii u obzir podatkeo vjerskom sastavustanovni5tva iz toga popisa,te podatkeo izja5njavanjupo materin- skomjeziku iz narednihpopisa . Yalno je napomenutikako prilikom anahze vjerske strukturestanovniSfva neiemo razdvajatievangelike i kalvine, vei iemo ih obuhvatiti zajednidkimbrojem protestanata,buduii da veiina poda- taka do kojih smo do5li ne pravi razliku izmedupripadnika tih dviju reformi- ranih kr5ianskihcrkava. Premapopisu stanovniSVaiz 1880.godine na podruEjuzapadnoga Srijemaima 104.872Litelja. Od togasu daleko najbrojniji rimokatolici; popi- sano ih je 77.498,a dine apsolutnuveiinu sa 73,9o/ood ukupnogstanov- ni5tva.Slijede ih pravoslavcikojih je popisano20.254, a time dine udio od 19,30. Protestanataje premapopisu bilo 4.309,Sto dini 4,1oh,a Zidoua 1.506Sto dini I,4ohod ukupnogstanovni5tva. Grkokatolika je bilo 1.246,ilto dini 1,2oh,a meduostalima i nepoznatimaostalo je 59 stanovnikaili 0,060A. Rezultatipopisa kazuju nam daje 1880.godine u zapadnomSrijemu zabiljelenoukupno 81 naselje.Najveii broj naselja,ukupno 60, dakako,ima rimokatolidkuveiinu. Od toga59 naseljaima apsolutnurimokatolidku veii- nu, dok jedno naseljeima relativnuveiinu rimokatolika(Novi Jankovci). Pravoslavnuve6inu, i to svudaapsolutnu, ima l6 naselja.Korod, SidskiBa- novci i Tordincinaselja su s apsolutnomprotestantskom veiinom, dok apso- lutnu grkokatolidkuveiinu imaju Miklu5evcii Petrovci.Nadalje, kao zastup- ljeniju vjersku skupinu,treba spomenuti Zidove koji ne dine veiinu niti u jednomnaselju zapadnog Srijema, ali dine znalajanudio u nekim naseljima, o Jakou Gelo, Narodnosni i ujerski sastavstanovniitva Hrvatske 1880.- 1910.po nase- Ijima, knjiga 5.,Drlavnizavod za statistikuRepublike Hrvatske,Zagreb,1998., str. 5. l8l posebnou urbanijimsredinama. Brojdano i udjelomnajvi5e ih je u Vukovaru (543 ili 6,2o ), zatimu Vinkovcima(294 lli 4,8o ), te Iloku (92 1li2,6Yo). U ostalimnaseljima ima ih u neznatnombroju i udjelu manjemod 2o/oili ih uopie nema. Sto se tide vjerskehomogenosti i heterogenostinaselja u zapadnom Srijemu,u pravilu su vjerski heterogenijaurbana naselja s veiim brojem stanovnikai rimokatolidkomveiinom, kao Stosu: Vukovar,Vinkovci, Ilok. Tako u Vukovaru,od ukupno 8.741 stanovnika,rimokatolici dine 73,5o/o, pravoslavcil8,7oA, Zidovi 6,20 , a protestanti1,5o . U Vinkovcima, od ukupno6 l17 stanovnika,rimokatolici dine 65,6yo,protestanti 19,9Yo, pra- voslavci9,60A, a Lid,ovi4,8o . Sto se tide lloka, od ukupno 3.489 stanov- nika,rimokatolici dine 78,20 , pravoslavciI1,8o , protestanti7,2o, aLidovi 2,60 . Neka ruralna naseljas rimokatolidkomveiinom takoder su hete- rogena.Za primjer moZemouzeti Nove Jankovce,gdje od ukupno 774 sta- novnika rimokatolici dine 50% stanovni5tva,pravoslavci 46,5o , a protes- tanti 2,7o . Naseljas pravoslavnomveiinom pripadajuu ruralnai uglavnom su vjerskihomogena, kao i naseljas grkokatolidkomvedinom (Miklu5evci i Petrovci).Sto se tide naseljas protestantskomveiinom, Korod je vjerski homogen,dok su Tordincii SidskiBanovci vjerski heterogeni. U Tordincima tako, od ukupno 981 stanovnika,protestanti dine 58,60/0,a rimokatolici 40,,60, dok u Sidstim Banovcima,od ukupno 651 stanovnika,protestanti dine62,8o/o, a pravoslavci 35,60/o. Popisstanovni5tva 1890. godine Popisstanovni5tva iz 1890.godine, inade prvi nakonsjedinjenja Voj- ne krajines Hrvatskomi Slavonijom,jedini je popiskoji u izvornojgradi ima razlikovanjeizmedu hrvatskoga i srpskogjezika. Svi drugi austrougarskipo- pisi ne razlikuju ih nego ih iskazujuzajedno, a i taj je popis u sluZbenim publikacijamaiskazan kategorijom "hrvatski
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