Professional Blindness and Missing the Mark – Postscript
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A Short History of Indonesia: the Unlikely Nation?
History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000. History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iii A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA THE UNLIKELY NATION? Colin Brown History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iv First published in 2003 Copyright © Colin Brown 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Brown, Colin, A short history of Indonesia : the unlikely nation? Bibliography. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fv121wm Author Stroud, Martha Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia by Martha Stroud A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Joint Doctor of Philosophy with University of California, San Francisco in Medical Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Chair Professor Laura Nader Professor Sharon Kaufman Professor Jeffrey A. Hadler Spring 2015 “Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia” © 2015 Martha Stroud 1 Abstract Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia by Martha Stroud Joint Doctor of Philosophy with University of California, San Francisco in Medical Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Chair In Indonesia, during six months in 1965-1966, between half a million and a million people were killed during a purge of suspected Communist Party members after a purported failed coup d’état blamed on the Communist Party. Hundreds of thousands of Indonesians were imprisoned without trial, many for more than a decade. The regime that orchestrated the mass killings and detentions remained in power for over 30 years, suppressing public discussion of these events. It was not until 1998 that Indonesians were finally “free” to discuss this tragic chapter of Indonesian history. In this dissertation, I investigate how Indonesians perceive and describe the relationship between the past and the present when it comes to the events of 1965-1966 and their aftermath. -
SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY in the NEW ORDER a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Center for Inte
SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE NEW ORDER A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Sony Karsono August 2005 This thesis entitled SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE NEW ORDER by Sony Karsono has been approved for the Department of Southeast Asian Studies and the Center for International Studies by William H. Frederick Associate Professor of History Josep Rota Director of International Studies KARSONO, SONY. M.A. August 2005. International Studies Setting History Straight? Indonesian Historiography in the New Order (274 pp.) Director of Thesis: William H. Frederick This thesis discusses one central problem: What happened to Indonesian historiography in the New Order (1966-98)? To analyze the problem, the author studies the connections between the major themes in his intellectual autobiography and those in the metahistory of the regime. Proceeding in chronological and thematic manner, the thesis comes in three parts. Part One presents the author’s intellectual autobiography, which illustrates how, as a member of the generation of people who grew up in the New Order, he came into contact with history. Part Two examines the genealogy of and the major issues at stake in the post-New Order controversy over the rectification of history. Part Three ends with several concluding observations. First, the historiographical engineering that the New Order committed was not effective. Second, the regime created the tools for people to criticize itself, which shows that it misunderstood its own society. Third, Indonesian contemporary culture is such that people abhor the idea that there is no single truth. -
Indonesian Foreign Policy: a Quest for the Balance of Threats
INDONESIAN FOREIGN POLICY: A QUEST FOR THE BALANCE OF THREATS The Role and Relevance of Elite Perceptions In Explaining Indonesian Foreign Policy Outcomes By DANIEL NOVOTNÝ Student ID. 3082011 Supervisor: A/Prof. David Reeve Prof. John Ingleson Co-supervisor: Dr. Elizabeth Thurbon THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY MARCH 2007 DEPARTMENT OF INDONESIAN STUDIES AND SCHOOL OF POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES To the four Angels of my life – Ludmila, Marie, Dewi and Daniela Abstract This study is a comprehensive account of Indonesian foreign policy. It analyses the perceptions of the country’s foreign policy elite about other states and the manner in which these shape the decision-making process and determine policy outcomes. It demonstrates that the dynamics of Indonesian foreign relations in the reformasi period can be understood in terms of elite perceptions. Policy-makers’ perceptions are as important as realities, insofar as they shape their real actions. The balance-of-threat theory is the principal analytical tool used to examine elite perceptions. The study argues that the key realist balance-of-power theory lacks the power to explain past dynamics or to predict future direction of Indonesian foreign relations. The balance-of-threat theory is employed here as a predictor about how Indonesia will behave and whether it will implement policies intended to prevent other countries from endangering Indonesia’s national interests and security. The combined qualitative and quantitative research strategy is based on, but by no means limited to, archival study, content analysis of literature and official statements of relevant Indonesian policy-makers and the survey data. -
SECULAR, RELIGIOUS and SUPERNATURAL – an EASTERN INDONESIAN CATHOLIC EXPERIENCE of FEAR (Autoethnographic Reflections On
SECULAR, RELIGIOUS AND SUPERNATURAL – AN EASTERN INDONESIAN CATHOLIC EXPERIENCE OF FEAR (Autoethnographic Reflections on the Reading of a New Order-Era Propaganda Text) Justin Laba Wejak Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Abstract This thesis examines an Eastern Indonesian Catholic experience of fear by analysing how a New Order-era propaganda text dealing with the political upheavals of 1965- 66 triggers and maintains fear in one Eastern Indonesian Catholic reader – myself. It uses the methodology of autoethnography to examine the fears that I myself experienced in 2004 when encountering a 1967 Catholic propaganda text entitled, ‘Dari Madiun ke Lubang Buaya, dari Lubang Buaya ke…?’ [From Madiun to the Crocodile Hole, from the Crocodile Hole to...?]). By analysing my own experience of fear in reading the text, I argue that the Eastern Indonesian Catholic experience of fear involves three interlocking dimensions – secular, religious and supernatural. These three forms of fear are experienced simultaneously by the reader (myself). The From Madiun text is primarily a secular narrative of the 1965-66 events, but the reader brings his culturally-conditioned religious and supernatural fears when reading it. I argue that supernatural fear is the most unspoken but most powerful form of fear that I experienced when reading the text, and this reflects my membership of the Lamaholot community in which supernatural fear is pervasive. The thesis contends that in relation to 1965, the Catholic Church’s propaganda created an explicit secular fear of communists, an implicit religious fear of Muslims, and a hidden supernatural fear of ghosts. -
1965 and Now in Indonesia by Martha Stroud a Dissertation Submitted In
Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia by Martha Stroud A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Joint Doctor of Philosophy with University of California, San Francisco in Medical Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Chair Professor Laura Nader Professor Sharon Kaufman Professor Jeffrey A. Hadler Spring 2015 “Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia” © 2015 Martha Stroud 1 Abstract Ripples, Echoes, and Reverberations: 1965 and Now in Indonesia by Martha Stroud Joint Doctor of Philosophy with University of California, San Francisco in Medical Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Chair In Indonesia, during six months in 1965-1966, between half a million and a million people were killed during a purge of suspected Communist Party members after a purported failed coup d’état blamed on the Communist Party. Hundreds of thousands of Indonesians were imprisoned without trial, many for more than a decade. The regime that orchestrated the mass killings and detentions remained in power for over 30 years, suppressing public discussion of these events. It was not until 1998 that Indonesians were finally “free” to discuss this tragic chapter of Indonesian history. In this dissertation, I investigate how Indonesians perceive and describe the relationship between the past and the present when it comes to the events of 1965-1966 and their aftermath. Do the killings and detentions still emerge in and influence daily life today? If so, how? The experiences, interactions, and conversations I had and the interviews I conducted during two years of fieldwork, primarily in Yogyakarta on the island of Java, shape the form and focus of this dissertation. -
A Study of the Cultural Pages of Harian Rakjat in the Early 1950S
The Communist Imagination: A Study of the Cultural Pages of Harian Rakjat in the Early 1950s Stephen Miller A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences, UNSW@ADFA, Canberra, Australia August 2015 2 Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the enthusiasm, good humour, intelligence and patience of my primary supervisor, Paul Tickell. I cannot thank him enough for his continuing support and faith. He was well supported by my co-supervisors, Emeritus Professor Barbara Hatley and Dr. Edwin Jurriens. I want to especially thank Barbara for her patience in reading drafts in the final throes of thesis production. Dorothy Meyer saw the project through from the beginning of candidature until submission, providing companionship, coding advice, proof reading, and general editing support. Her enthusiasm and passion for my work were central to the thesis reaching the point of submission. The keen grammar sense of my mother, June Miller, helped improve the readability of many sections of the writing. Dr. Kaz Ross also deserves to be mentioned for a late reading of a complete draft and pushing me to submit. It is great to have good colleagues in your corner. I would also like to thank the administrative staff at UNSW at ADFA, especially Bernadette McDermott, who has always been flexible and helpful when dealing with a candidature that lasted far too long. During the prolonged revision process Rifka Sibarani’s support, enthusiasm, and affection was much appreciated, as it continues to be post-thesis. So many other people have also helped me out at various times—students, colleagues, friends, family, comrades. -
Notes and References
Notes and References Chapter 1: The Coming of Islam The contemporaneous evidence for Islamisation is described in Damais, 'L'epigraphie musulmane dans le Sud-Est Asiatique', with references to previous literature; see also Damais, 'Etudes javanaises, I: Les tombes musulmanes datees de Tr~l~j~'. Chinese records are translated in Rockhill, 'Notes on the relations and trade of China with the eastern archipelago'; and in Groenveldt, 'Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca'. On Marco Polo's account see Jack-Hinton, 'Marco Polo in South-East Asia'. Cortesao, Suma Oriental, contains the crucial text of Tome Pires in Portuguese and English translation. The Indonesian chronicles described above are found in the following: Hill, 'Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai'; Brown, Sejarah Melayu; Olthof, Babad Tanah Djawi; Djajadiningrat, Sadjarah Banten. Other legends are described in R. Jones, 'Ten conversion myths'. The two sixteenth-century Javanese Islamic books have both been edited and translated by Drewes: ]avaanse primbon and Admonitions of Seh Bari. A survey of some of the controversies surrounding Islamisation, with special attention to the sources of Indonesian Islam, is in Drewes, 'New Light'. On the Sufi argument see Johns, 'Sufism as a category'. See also Ricklefs, 'Six centuries of Islamisation '. Some materials on Islam in the areas outside of Indonesia which are mentioned in this chapter can be found in Hardy, 'Modern European and Muslim explanations of conversion to Islam in South Asia'; and in Majul, Muslims in the Philippines. Chapter 2: General Aspects of Pre-Colonial States and Major Empires, c. 1300- 1500 The general principles which underlay Indonesian states have been investigated in Moertono, State and statecraft in old java; Schrieke, Indonesian sociological studies (see especially vol. -
The Position of the Federal Consultative Assembly – ‘Bijeenkomst Voor Federaal Overleg’ (BFO) – During the Dutch-Indonesian Conflict, 1945-1950
Caught between the Netherlands and the Republic: the position of the Federal Consultative Assembly – ‘Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg’ (BFO) – during the Dutch-Indonesian conflict, 1945-1950. Author: Ruben Barink SID: 1348817 Supervisor: Roel Frakking Date: 25-05-2020 1 Acknowledgements The thesis before you could not have been made possible without the help of others. I am very grateful to my instructor Roel Frakking for his instructions, feedback and patience. Also, I would like to thank Maartje Janse for her initial feedback and functioning as second reader. 2 Table of contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Reasons for their virtual absence from the literary debate ................................................................ 6 Filling a complex gap ........................................................................................................................... 8 Research-question and theory .......................................................................................................... 11 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Chapters division .............................................................................................................................. -
Professional Blindness and Missing the Mark ~ the Year 1948 and the Madiun Affairs – a Year of Cheat and Rumors
Professional Blindness And Missing The Mark ~ The Year 1948 And The Madiun Affairs – A Year Of Cheat And Rumors “The Reorganisation-Rationalization (Re-Ra) was the detonator of the explosion that struck the TNI and Indonesia and was abused by the Dutch and the PKI for their own aims” (Nasution II a: 5). The year 1948 and the Madiun Affair were of decisive importance for both the existence of the young Republic of Indonesia, and the military career of Lieutenant General Abdul Haris Nasution. He devoted several publications to the major events of that year, among them Book IIa of his Memoirs. I will use that book to present his view of the events, since he had a pivotal role in both their genesis as well as their aftermath. My interest in Nasution developed during my work in Indonesia, where my Chinese bookseller Liem regularly provided me with books that stemmed from libraries of former regional government officials and military who spent their retirement in Malang, East Java. Among these books were Mahmillub court martial notes and books that Nasution wrote during and about his military career, and the events he encountered. Back in the Netherlands, I began reading Nasution’s books, as well as books about him. His history fascinated me, since he was a man who continuously had trouble with authorities and interest groups, but always managed to come back stronger than before, until his companion and opponent President Sukarno finally had to leave the political scene mid-1960s. In discussions with Wertheim, he objected to my fascination with the man, since he saw him as a liar and a cheat. -
Health, Healing and the Quest for Wellbeing in Ponorogo Regency, East Java
HEALTH, HEALING AND THE QUEST FOR WELLBEING IN PONOROGO REGENCY, EAST JAVA CAROLINE CAMPBELL B.SC; M.LIT (ARTS) THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE OCTOBER 2009 ii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. (Signed): ....................................................................................... Caroline Campbell iii iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to gratefully acknowledge the people who have contributed to the completion of this thesis. First and foremost my sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor, Professor Linda Connor, for her untiring support, encouragement and patience through the many years of writing and reflection. Without her intellectual rigour and stimulation, reading of drafts, friendship and generosity this thesis would not have been completed. This project also owes much to a Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences supported University of Newcastle Postgraduate Research Scholarship – External. I would also like to thank the School of Humanities and Social Science at the University of Newcastle for assistance with funding for my field research in Java, grants to attend conferences, and funding for the production of maps by cartographer Olivier Rey- Lescure from the School of Environmental and Life Sciences. -
CHAPTER 7 the Indonesian Massacres ROBERT CRIBB During
The Indonesian Massacres 289 CHAPTER 7 The Indonesian Massacres ROBERT CRIBB During the six-month period from October 1965 to March 1966, approximately half a million people were killed in a series of massacres in Indonesia. The victims were largely members of the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) which until that time had been the largest Communist Party in the non-Communist world. By 1965 it appeared to many observers inside and outside Indonesia that the Party was well-placed to come to power after President Sukarno‘s departure. The massacres followed an attempted coup d‘etat in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, in which the PKI was implicated, at least in the public mind, by circumstance and vigorous military propaganda, and resulted in the Party‘s destruction. These massacres paved the way for the accession to power of a business-oriented and military-dominated government under General Suharto. Who Committed the Genocide? The Indonesian killings were the work of anti-Communist army units and civilian vigilantes, drawn especially, but by no means exclusively, from religious political parties. Both groups brought to the killing a long-standing hatred of Communism. The army‘s hostility dated from the years of armed struggle against the Dutch (1945–1949), when Communist influence had been strong both within army units and among independent irregular troops, or lasykar. The professional soldiers who soon struggled through and up into the top military positions resented both Party influence in the junior ranks and the independent Communist units that challenged their monopoly of armed force. Resentment had become alarm when the crypto- Communist Defense Minister Amir Syarifuddin attempted to introduce political commissars into army units in 1946.