EU RE-INTEG DURABLE SOLUTIONS PROGRAMME SUSTAINABILITY OF DURABLE SOLUTIONS INVESTMENTS BEYOND RE-INTEG PROGRAMME KEY LEARNING AND MAPPING OF CRITICAL GAPS

Overview

There are currently 2.6 million Internally Displaced Persons in , out of which 700,000 were forced to leave their homes during 2019, mainly due to the floods. In 2020, 72,000 persons have already been internally displaced: 53,000 persons (74 per cent) due to conflict, 17,000 persons (24 per cent) due to drought and 2,000 persons (two per cent) due to other reasons.

Displacement and durable solutions have been positioned very centrally on the humanitarian and development agendas in the country. However, extensive analytical work by the World Bank1 and others has also undeniably established that the internally displaced are in the category of “furthest left behind”.

Recent decisions by the Prime Minister’s Office to finally and unequivocally move forward the solutions agenda in Somalia, through the development a national durable solutions strategy and the establishment of a National Durable Solutions Secretariat (NDSS), are potential game changers in “national ownership”. We should not fail this opportunity. Moreover, we have seen a strong and increased interest and engagement by Government levels on the management of durable solutions.2

EU RE-INTEG Consortia

The EU RE-INTEG Consortia implemented between 2017 and 2020 in Somalia and , have been able to move beyond traditional short-term humanitarian programming, and bring a resilience and development focused approach to addressing displacement. The consortia partners3 have been delivering multi-sectoral programs that have advanced the multiple elements of (re)integration.

Furthermore, the multi-sector/ multi-actor nature of the programmes has aided the implementation of area-based approaches and created more space for the programmes to engage government representatives and communities collaboratively rather than as individual agencies. The 3-year programme timeframe has also offered increased opportunities for learning and adaptation.

1 Somali Poverty and Vulnerability Assessment (WB, April 2019) 2 ReDSS Somalia Solutions Analysis Update 2019 and Peter de Clercq Mission Report, Durable Solutions in Somalia, November 2019 3 Enhancing Integration of Displacement Affected Communities in Somalia (EIDACS), Solutions Consortium (JSC), Somaliland Durable Solutions Consortium (SDSC) and Durable Solutions for IDPs and Returnees in Somalia (DSIRS).

The EU has shown leadership among donors with its investment in durable solutions through the RE-INTEG Program. This has led to further investment from DfID and Danida in durable solutions programming, with Danwadaag Programme4 and the Durable Solutions Programme (DSP)5 respectively. These programme interventions are learning from, building on, and scaling up, initiatives and structures put in place by the EU RE-INTEG programme. See here a detailed documentation of lessons learned from the EU RE-INTEG Durable Solutions Consortia (EIDACS, JSC and SDSC) by the Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS).

Key points for consideration Based on the programme implementation over the last 3 years, the RE-INTEG consortia and its partners (EIDACS, JSC, SDSC and DSIRS) would like to highlight the following key points for consideration by the EU. These key points inform the sustainability of durable solutions investments, made during the programme, across the implementation areas (South West State, Jubaland, Somaliland and Puntland):

 The necessity to continue investing and prioritize the education and health and nutrition sectors. Despite the progress made under RE-INTEG Consortia, there is still considerable need to upscale basic services in programme locations in order to ensure sustainability, through the engagement of donors, the government and the private sector. Particular attention should be placed on teacher training and key priority elements of access and quality.

 The opportunity to expand and consolidate the economic empowerment/livelihoods component, increasing linkages to markets and the financial inclusion of youth and women, together with the creation of Public-Public-Partnerships (PPPs). Though informal, micro-finance institutions (MFIs) have led to financial inclusion of those who do not have means to access investment funds or loans for their businesses. The EU should consider taking on board the key learnings from RE-INTEG consortia on this outcome area, to inform the ILED’s strategy conceptualization and programme implementation, on advancing economic empowerment and creating sustainable livelihoods for displacement-affected communities. See here case study with lessons learnt from EIDACS on ‘Establishing and supporting small businesses for displacement-affected communities’.

 Continued investment on encouraging the inclusion of Protection strategies and activities, to reduce the number of displaced and non-displaced communities who suffer violent crimes and or experience safety incidents, including Sexual Gender Based Violence.

 Investment in government capacity to lead and coordinate solutions processes. Learning under RE- INTEG has led to improvements in durable solutions programme coordination and planning, under the leadership of authorities across the various project implementation areas. EIDACS, JSC, SDSC and DSIRS consortia engaged authorities in the implementation of specific programme activities, through Programme Steering Committee and Technical Working Group meetings, joint monitoring processes and through solutions-focussed trainings. In addition, there were efforts to support authorities’ technical capacity, through secondments to relevant ministries (e.g. EIDACS secondment to SWS Ministry of Planning M&E department). These investments will form a basis for continued government

4 IOM led Consortium with NRC, CWW, SHACDO, GREDO and ReDSS as partners 5 DRC/DDG led program with WYG (private sector) and ReDSS as partners

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leadership on solutions programming and hence should be supported to ensure an area-based government-led approach to durable solutions.

 Leveraging of investments done under RE-INTEG with new potential funding and ongoing durable solutions programmes. Based on the identified critical gaps below, it is recommended that the EU explores to leverage possibilities of coverage of the gaps, linking the investments made under RE-INTEG to planned funding (e.g. ILED programme, Sameynta programme, Joint Resilience Action-JRA) or additional funding by other donors (Swiss, World Bank etc).

 Investment on measuring progress towards sustainable (re)integration. The EU RE-INTEG partners, with the support of ReDSS, have made efforts to put in place a process to measure progress towards (re)integration. This is based on the four common outcome areas within the programme: government engagement/community engagement, access to basic services, livelihoods and research and learning. Based on the lessons learnt from the programme, future EU durable solutions programmes should ensure they develop a clear theory of change, which outlines a causal pathway for advancing (re)integration and addresses vulnerability across the targeted displacement-affected communities, from the inception and design phase of the programme. The EU could also learn from the experience of Danwadaag consortium partners, who have developed a local (re)integration index (LoRI) to measure the extent to which the targeted beneficiaries in the programme are locally integrated and to better understand the different services and factors that influence displacement affected communities’ (re)integration in the local community.

April 2020, Enhancing Integration of Displacement Affected Communities in Somalia (EIDACS) Jubaland Solutions Consortium (JSC) Somaliland Durable Solutions Consortium (SDSC) Durable Solutions for IDPs and Returnees in Somalia (DSIRS)

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ANNEX: CRITICAL GAPS Explore new opportunities and leverage on existing Durable Solutions programmes: explore how can the authorities in the various locations (SWS, Jubaland, Puntland, Somaliland), Danwadaag, DSP, BRCiS, ILED, Saameynta, partners, (and others) absorb further critical components. . DAC Forums . School enrolling campaigns . Access to WASH services . Sustainable livelihoods strategy . On-job teachers training prioritized . JL administration allocating parcel of land to settle IDPs, Returnees and vulnerable Host Communities: need for protection and security assessments before developing the land . Improved land tenure documentation with establishment of land authority and expanding its reach to other districts . Danwadaag durable solution and BRCiS in some of the communities to be targeted with basic service provision to complement and address gaps. . Introduce alternative ways of financing costs of education . Women and youth: SHGs, VSLAs, and TVETs. Financial inclusion. . Enhanced Public Private Partnerships . Use of social media: governance, social cohesion and integration . Permanent (social) services for “permanent” IDPs . Government capacity building

Enhanced coordination and integration: an extended action would in particular build on the benefits so far realised during this action and establish a stronger foundation for sustainability. Critical gaps Sectors Critical gaps, challenges and what needs to be done DAC Forums (SWS) DAC forums engagement with all implementing partners active in their respective locations: . Establish a clear link between DAC Fora and technical line ministries, district offices and implementing partners. . Documentation and dissemination of DAC Fora’s mission and roles. . Capacity building in conflict resolution, engagement with NGO offices, minutes taking, etc. . Capacity assessment to identify gaps and training needs. . Consolidate the piloting and replicate in other areas. HLP mainstreaming . Limited access to government land administration services in districts outside Eviction monitoring the main cities/urban areas. and prevention. . Municipalities and regional states have not institutionalized eviction Land tenure security, prevention in their strategic plans, and this is undermining efforts to protect community structure displaced communities from eviction. empowerment . Analysis of eviction data shows that incidents in Kismayo have reduced by (All the geographical 96% in 2019 compared to 2018, while preventive engagements have areas) increased by virtually 100% for the same period. In essence, availability and

access to structured HLP information services tend to contribute to the

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prevention of forced evictions. Interruption in funding could potentially result in an increase in eviction incidents. Education (SWS, Inadequate resource capacity at the government to achieve national recovery Somaliland, Jubaland objectives linked to education. and Puntland) Persistently huge gaps exist in primary education in some districts of Jubaland, SWS and Puntland. . Teachers training programs remain under-resourced and dysfunctional. The need to rollout alternative methods of technical capacity development for teachers (i.e. online training platforms) is urgent, especially in remote areas. Transition of education activities, from EU/NGO DS support, to longer term bilateral funding to enhance FGS and FMS absorption capacity should be integrated. . Teachers’ incentives are not guaranteed after EUTF funding in three of the Consortia. . Classroom construction/rehabilitation, extensions, furniture and WASH. . Inadequate protection services (lighting systems) at educational facilities, with primary schools being disproportionately disadvantaged. . Introduction of green technologies, i.e. solar system, remains viable options to be explored. . Communities hardest hit by recurrent shocks experience challenges engaging in sustainable livelihoods that would allow them family education expenses. . Role of MoE in TVET and vocational skills training.

Who will be directly impacted by the non-continuation of funding: In SWS: 3 schools, 2,500 students and 98 teachers In Burao/Somaliland: 3 TVET Centres and 242 TVET teachers In Puntland and Galmudug, 24 schools, 7,806 students (4,262 boys and 3,724 girls) and 79 teachers (63 men and 28 women) Health and Nutrition Bay Region, SWS (SWS, Somaliland and . Health service delivery at the two incubator sites of Hanano and Salaamey Puntland) Idaale in Baidoa and the ones in Puntland.

. Approximately 890 beneficiaries (IDPs and Host community) will not have access to basic free primary health care. . 26 CHWs will not receive incentives, affecting the general community awareness and mobilization at IDPs and Host community households’ level. . Transition of health activities, from EU/NGO DS support, to longer term bilateral funding, to enhance FGS and FMS absorption capacity, should be integrated . 4,196 individuals will not receive health and nutrition education at community level. . An average referral of 50 cases per month will not be supported with timely on-site care by the paramedic team; referrals are often very critical and lifesaving, especially for expecting mothers.

Burao/Somaliland . Quality health service delivery for 19,930 IDPs through 7 health facilities . Health workers training

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In general, availability of drugs, equipment of health facilities and continuation of outreach activities through ambulance services and mobile clinics.

Who will be directly impacted by the non-continuation of funding: In SWS: 2 health facilities and 2 mobile clinics, 12,500 beneficiaries and 24 Community Health workers In Burao/Somaliland: 7 health facilities and 19,330 beneficiaries In Galkacyo, Adaado, Bossaso: 2 health facilities and 6 mobile clinics; 24 health civil servants (19 men/25 women); 141,035 beneficiaries; 294 health workers. WASH . Continue strengthening and providing capacity building for an adequate (SWS) management of water points and functioning of Water and Environmental Management Committees to ensure sustainability and cost recovery . Support to SWS to build strong governance structures including policies, legal documents (laws and regulations). . To support SWS to build public private partnership models for urban and peri- urban water management schemes. This could include financial models for private investments for BOT and related concessions. . Develop the capacity of water service providers (WSPs) such as Warjanay to provide professional services.

Transition of WASH activities, from EU/NGO DS support, to longer term bilateral funding to enhance FGS and FMS absorption capacity, should be integrated. Livelihoods . Life skills trainings and vocational training programs expansion; (All) consolidation of existing ones (mentorship). . Linkage with graduation programmes: SHGs/VSLAs, TVETs, skills trainings, continuous mentoring and coaching until consolidation, and support for business start-up integrated in one coordinated and well time package, linking them with business incubators and private sector to increase employability. . Counselling sessions and Employment platforms . Operational costs and start-ups for TVET centres . Linkage SHGs and markets . Financial literacy . Start-up grants . Financial inclusion . PPP . Institutional and technical capacity at the Ministry of Education.

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Protection Schools (All) . Inadequate protection (lighting systems) at educational facilities, with primary schools being disproportionately disadvantaged.

GBV . Case management information system. . Continuation of 80 GBV Focal points. . Technical and legal services MoH, screening, counselling, psychological support, tracing and unification.

General poor protection services.

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