$2 Florida Keys Sea Heritage Journal

VOL. 18 NO. 2 FALL 2007 USS SHARK

OFFICIAL QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE KEY WEST MARITIME HISTORICAL SOCIETY FORT FORGOTTEN: Vanishing Key West History !

By Tom Perera Valentine’s day of 2008 was a sad day in the history of Fort Zachary Taylor in Key West. On that day, thousands of Civil War artifacts, guns and models were removed from the fort and trucked to Tallahassee because the fort had disintegrated so badly that it was not deemed safe to leave them in the fort. Fort Taylor was excavated in the 1960s by Howard England who found that it contained the greatest collection of Civil War artifacts in America. Mr. England began conserving and protecting these artifacts using his own money but he died early and all of the artifacts were allowed to rust in damp and hidden rooms in the fort where they A truck leaves Fort Taylor carrying artifacts past a sign that forbids the were never seen by the public. removal of artifacts from the fort. Photo credit: the Author. Major allocations of money were maintenance work. after the fort is improved enough to repeatedly requested to preserve I was lucky enough to notice the hold them. and repair the fort but they were all removal of the artifacts on my daily Unfortunately although the funds turned down and recent hurricane jogs through the fort and I was able to conserve the artifacts have been damage made continued storage to photograph all of the thousands allocated, the funds to return them of the artifacts unwise. The fort of items before and during their to Key West have not! has been widely known as “Fort loading onto the big flatbed trucks. Florida Department of Parks and Forgotten” because it has received These photographs are the first that Recreation plans are to require that so little funding over the years. In have ever been seen by the public. a formal request be submitted in fact, the Fort Taylor State Historic I think it is important to carefully order for each item to be returned Park has received so little funding track these artifacts so that their and it is hoped that this will be done that volunteers do most of the return to the fort can be ensured (Continued on page 12) SOCIETY NEWS AND NOTES By Tom Hambright For the past 18 years we have afford tried to publish new stories about And whereas the ship under Keys history and articles about the your command is only ordered to Keys that are not in local records be victualled to four months, and The following article from John to have two months French Brandy Eckersall of England is such an instead of two months Beer, and article. It is sailing instructions for the Commissioners of Victualling the HMS Loo on the voyage, which having a large quantity of Brandy resulted in the ship wrecking on in store at Guernsey, in the Charge the Florida , now misnamed of Mr Michael Dobree, a merchant Looe for the ship. The first part in that Island, you are in your way down the Channel, to call off of of history is telling the story the The Florida Keys Sea Heritage Guernsey without going into that second part is being able find the Journal is published quarterly. Port, and send the enclosed letter article in the future. To help with Subscription is available through with your Purser on shore to the the second part we now have a web membership. Copyright 2008 by said Mr Dobree, and receive from site www.keywestmaritime.org. the Key West Maritime Historical him such a quantity of Brandy as Society of the Florida Keys, Inc. We have some of the Journals on you think necessary for the use the site and working on the rest. The art on the masthead, the USS of your Ship’s Company, and can Shark, was drawn by Bill Muir. conveniently receive on board, – which when you have done, you Editor: Lynda Hambright Lords Letter – to Captain Utting are to proceed directly to New York, Production:Tom Hambright at Spithead Onboard HMS “Loo” without touching at the Madieras – 12th July 1743 and there land the Governor, with Letters and articles are welcome. To carry Governor Clinton to his Family and Equipages, and Please write to: Editor, Florida Keys New York and then attend on South having so done, you are to proceed Sea Heritage Journal, KWMHS, P.O. Carolina. on to South Carolina. Box 695, Key West, FL 33041. By Hand And whereas His Majesty’s Whereas We have appointed Ships, the Rye, Flamborough and Key West Maritime His Majesty’s Ship under your Spy Sloop are stationed at South Historical Society command to carry the Hon. George Carolina, you are to take them under Board of Directors Clinton Esq to his Government in your Command, their Captains President: Edward J.Little,Jr. New York and then to attend on being directed to follow and observe Vice President: Winifred Fryzel the Colony of South Carolina. You your orders. Secretary: Corey Malcom are hereby required and directed to When you arrive at South Treasurer: Tom Hambright make all possible dispatch in getting Carolina, you are to communicate her completed in all respects for the these our instructions to the Governor sea, and you are to receive onboard Andrea Comstock and Council of that Province, and George Craig the said Mr Clinton, with his family consult and advise with them from Tom Hambright and Equipage, and give them time to time, in what manner the Mary Haffenreffer passage to New York, victualling Ships under your command may John Jones them as your Ship’s Company be best employed in the guarding Sheri Lohr Don Lowe during their continuance on board, of the Coast and securing the Trade and allowing the Governor all such Julie McEnroe of that Colony from any attempts of John Viele accommodation as the ship will the Enemy, and to govern yourself David Harrison Wright New Members Philippine Burback Cudjoe Key; West; Robert Sawyer, Key West; Pete Harrigan, Delray Beach; Mark Judy Stahle, Bradenton; Vic Taylor, Moss, Key West; Dave Oatway, Steamboat Springs, CO; Mike Key West; Nancy Perkins, Key Trovato, Hyannis, MA.

2 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 accordingly as shall be agreed on, the intelligence you have received In the case of the death of any giving your best endeavours to take, to the Governor and Council of of the officers of the ships under or destroy all such ships or vessels South Carolina, and receiving their your command you are to appoint of the Enemy, as shall come upon concurrence for your so doing, and such officer persons to act in their the coast of the said Colony. when the service is preformed you rooms, as by the quality of their And whereas it has been are to return to your station. employment ought to succeed represented to us, that the Coast And whereas the Captains of therein. of North Carolina is very much His Majesty’s Ships – stationed in When you shall receive our infested with Spanish Privateers America, have of late years taken a orders to return to Great Britain, you who have even landed in the very unwarrantable liberty of lying are to take in no more provisions Country and carried off Hogs and in port with their ships, for the than shall be sufficient to complete Cattle, to the great terror of the greatest part of the time they have what you may have on board to inhabitants of these parts, you are, remained abroad, to the dishonour three months of all species at whole when you see proper occasions, to of His Majesty’s Service in the allowance, upon the penalty of extend your cruise as far as Cape difference of the Colonies for where making good what damage, His Hatteras, or to Order one of the protection they are appointed, and Majesty may otherwise received ships under your Command to do We being determined not to suffer thereby. so, for the better protection of the any such neglect for the future, so You are, as you pass through trade of His Majesty’s Subjects in hereby strictly Charge and Direct the Channel, to examine such those parts, and you are to acquaint you to keep constantly at sea, when ships and vessels as you shall meet the Governor of North Carolina with the weather will permit, and cruise with passing from Great Britain or this part of our Instructions. in proper stations for meeting with Ireland to France, which you shall And whereas it has been the Enemies Ships or Privateer, reasonably suspect to have wool represented to us, that the Town and for protecting the trade of His on board, and upon discovering of St Augustin depends much of Majesty’s Subjects and guarding any with that commodity in them, what comes by sea for provisions, the said Colony of Carolina from to send them into the nearest port, and would be greatly distressed, any attempts of the Enemy. and deliver them into the care of the if His Majesty’s Ships stationed at You are not to fail to transmit Collector of the Customs, in order Carolina would sometimes cruise off to us, once in every two months the their being prosecuted according that port, to prevent provisions being an exact copy of your journal, to the law. carried to that place by sea, you are that it may be seen what care and You are by all opportunities to to have a particular regard to that diligence you have used in putting transmit to Our Secretary for our service as far as may be consistent our Instructions in execution, and to information, an account of your with the other necessary services on Order the Captains of His Majesty’s proceedings, and of the condition which you may be employed. Ships under your command to do of the ships under your command as An whereas we have directed the same. to the number of men, and all other the Captains of His Majesty’s Ships When the ships of your particulars, and in case of inability by attending on Virginia, to hold a command are in want of provisions, sickness or otherwise, to be careful constant correspondence with you, you are to apply to the Contractor to leave these our instructions with you are, whenever you shall find the of the victualling at Carolina, for the next Commanding Officer. Enemy’s to be too strong for you, to the same, to never to leave the Given this 12th July 1743 send immediate advice thereof to the said Colony defenceless by going By Hand Captains of the said ships, whom, elsewhere to victual, and you are to In pursuance of the Directions we have directed to repair to your take on board no more provisions of their Excellencies, the Lords assistance, and you are to endeavour at a time, than are necessary for Justices signified to us in a letter to jointly take or destroy them. And the service on which you are from Mr Weston, their Excellencies if the Captains of the said ships shall employed. Secretary, of yesterdays date. at any time send you a notice of the You are not to hoist the You are hereby required and enemy being too strong for them, Union Flag on board the ship directed to repair with His Majesty’s you are with all possible diligence you command, on account of the Ship under your command to the to proceed to their assistance, Governor being on board, or on any Hope, to remain there fourteen communicating in the first place other preference whatever. days, pursuant to an order.

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 3 The Steamer Dixie and the Hurricane of 1935 Most accounts of the 1935 Hurricane cover the death and destruction of this 5 hurricane, but there were survivors. One of the remarkable stories was the Steamship Dixie that was caught in the fury of the storm and suffered major damage, but none of the crew or passengers suffered serious injury. Following is the report submitted to Director, Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection by the inspectors reporting the damage to the ship.

September 9, 1935

Director, Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, Department of Commerce, The S.S. Dixie aground on the . Photo credit: Monroe County Washington, D. C. Library. September 2nd at 8:14 P.M. on the center of the Hurricane, at that Pursuant to your instructions French reef, approximately fifty time, the Barometer had dropped of September 5th, via telephone, four miles South of Miami. Vessel to 27.70 lowest point needle could I proceeded to Miami, Florida, on leaving New Orleans, had reach and needle resting on point. accompanied by John H. Nolan, onboard two hundred thirty one Prior to that time considerable U.S. Local Inspector of Boilers, (231) passengers and one hundred trouble was experienced with leaving Jacksonville, 9:30 P.M. twenty two (122) officers and crew. steering gear and it was impossible Sept. 5th, arriving Miami, 7 A.M. Immediately on boarding the to keep vessel on course on account September 6th, there boarded the vessel, Deck and Engine room of high winds tremendous seas. U.S.C.G. Cutter CARRABASSA logs were examined and accurate Considerable damage was done at 11:30 A.M. to proceed to the copies made thereof; copies of all lifeboats on Starboard side. #1 SS DIXIE stranded on French which are herewith attached. life boat and davits were completely reef, arriving there and boarding The Master reports prior to carried away and washed overboard the SS DIXIE at 4:30 P.M. entering the Straits of Florida, ripping the davits clear of deck. #12 The S.S. DIXIE is a combination his last storm warnings regarding lifeboat was carried away and motor passenger and freight vessel of 8188 the location and direction of the boat was lost. All other life boats on gross tons owned by the Southern storm was to the effect, the same Starboard side were ripped clear Pacific Company, 165 Broadway, was about the central part of Cuba out of chocks and smashed against New York, built in Kearney, N.J., covering a small area and traveling the house, doing considerable 1927 and employed as a coastwise Westerly and therefore considered it damage to boats. Skylights, upper trading between New York and New safe to enter the Straits as his vessel deck windows and bridge windows Orleans, La., and commanded by was far ahead of the storm. But at were smashed due to tremendous Eniar W. Sundstrom, Master and or about 2:30 P.M., September 2nd, sea, cabins, galley, smoking room Mr. George Gale as Chief Engineer. wind increased to Hurricane force were flooded, wrecking furniture Vessel left New Orleans 6: and mountainous seas and about and doing considerable damage 12 P.M. August 31st and grounded 5: P.M. vessel apparently was in to passenger wearing apparel.

4 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 Summary From all indications vessel was struck by the storm without sufficient warnings to seek a safe harbor and due to the terrific intensity of the storm became unmanageable, therefore grounding on French Reef. The appearance of the vessel is sufficient proof of the terrific force of storms and seas and it is a miracle she is not a complete and total wreck and no lives were lost or serious injury done to any of the passengers or crew. Numerous small fires broke out in different parts of vessel due to short circuits caused by heavy seas, but each and everyone were quickly discovered and brought under control. After grounding, passengers were provided with life preservers and assembled in music room which was the safest and most desirable Captain Eniar W. Sundstrom. Photo credit: Monroe County Library. place due to flooding of cabins and Rails and stanchions were ripped room showing possible setting up other passenger quarters on the free, smashed, twisted and torn as if of Propelling machinery. Main vessel. The Master and Officers they were paper. and auxiliary condenser and all went among the passenger assuring Wireless antenna was carried sea suctions pulled and filled them to remain calm and that there away. A temporary antenna was with , sand and debris due was no danger of the vessel sinking, carried away and with assistance of to vessel grounding. Temporary that help was enroute and he had life wireless Engineer aboard, a second sea suctions arranged to provide boats on the port side lowered and temporary antenna was so constructed circulating water for refrigerating ready for use in any emergency. that messages could be sent. plant and distillers. From all reports obtainable in Hatches forming the continuation All cargo holds show more Miami and Coast Guard Cutters of A deck were ripped and torn free or less water in them but so far in attendance, passengers were and bodily lifted on their hinges pumps have been able to take removed quietly, efficiently and by the wind against the steel house care of this leakage without great with safety and had nothing but the thereby bending the hatches and effort. highest praise for the Officers and thereby indicating the tremendous Stern frame is apparently crew of this vessel. intensity of the storm. completely carries away, rudder It is our opinion also from every Well secured heavy ice box and and post twisted to port side. indication, that the Master, Officers dough mixer in the galley were torn Wheel apparently not damaged so and crew should deserve nothing adrift and ran amuck in the galley far according to divers report. praise and have lived up to the and bake shop doing great damage Salvage operations underway. highest traditions of the sea. therein. If fair weather conditions The fire room floor plates and prevail, vessel in no immediate John F. Oettl frames are set up about two inches danger. U.S. Traveling Inspector causing boiler casings of after boilers Sketch showing reef and to open up about three quarters of an vessel’s location attached John H. Nolan inch (3/4”). Indications in the Engine herewith as sheet #4. U.S. Local Inspector of Boilers

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 5 Hackley’s Diary William Hackley practiced law Tuesday, March 25. Rose at 4: Saturday, March 29. Rose at 4 in Key West from 1829 to 1857. He 30 and walked to the Salt Pond and about went to market and got some kept a diary for part of the time he returned home and bathed. At 8 turtle and walked across the Key was in Key West. Here is the diary barometer 29.55, thermometer 74, by the Lighthouse Road and up the for part of March to May 1856. wind northwest 1, clouds 3. Mailed beach to my usual turning place and an answer to the Treasurer of the home by the Fort. At 8:30 A.M. U.S., a letter to Mr. Philip Williams barometer 29.66, thermometer 68, Saturday, March 22. Rained enclosing Shaws claim for bounty wind northeast by north 3, clouds nearly all night. I rose about 6 lands, a letter from Matilda to Pene 2 with hazy. Read papers. In the bathed and went to the Post Office. and one from Charlotte to Mother afternoon walked with my wife to Received a Treasury Warrant for to which I put a short P.S. The South Beach and round by the Fort. $80.00 for fees for the last 6 months steamer Isabel got in about 4 P.M. Sunday, March 30. Rose at 4: of 1855. At 8 A.M. barometer and remained about an hour. The 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, 29.32, thermometer 78, wind north steamer Vanderbilt got off about 6 returned home and bathed. At 8 northwest 4, clouds 7. Latter part P.M. Read papers. A.M. barometer 29.61, thermometer of the night a regular northern Wednesday, March 26. Rose 71, wind east northeast 2, very but moderating at 8. The USS at 4:15 and walked to the Salt hazy. The ship Albus is on shore Fulton went out for Havana early Ponds, returned home and bathed. on American Shoals. The steamer yesterday. I got my third volume At 8:20 A.M. barometer 29.49, Florida was the first to board her of Livingston Law magazine and thermometer 75, wind northwest 3, and they have agreed to get her off Law Register from New Orleans clouds 9. Read papers. P.M. Walked for $1,500. The ship is loaded with where I sent them to be bound. Very to the Fort with Matilda. ice. The schooner Dart went out badly done and exorbitant price Thursday, March 27. Rose at 6 yesterday morning at 3 A.M. and is $1.56 per volume which I paid Kerr. and bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer not back yet. Read papers and P.M. Attended the sale of materials of the 29.47.5, thermometer 75, wind Read Household Words. bark Mariner in the forenoon and northwest 3, clouds 4. The Monday, March 31. Rose at 4: bought a few things. After dinner Governor Anderson went to sea 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, Coste and J.T. Lowe came in and for New York. Gave Captain Wilson returned home and bathed. At 8 gave me a statement of facts in the music from the Musical World A.M. barometer 29.60, thermometer wrecking the Mariner. to have bound for me. Took tea 76, wind south southeast 3, clouds Sunday, March 23. Rose at 6. At 8 and spent the evening at Alexander 4. Read papers and Household A.M. barometer 29.57, thermometer Patterson’s. Words. Judge William Marvin filed 71, wind north northeast 4, clouds Friday, March 28. Rose at 5 his decree in the case of the ship 5, wind from the northwest all night and went to market, returned home Mariner on Saturday giving 40 per quite fresh and cool. Wrote up the and bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer cent on the gross sales to the sloops libel against the bark Mariner’s 29.58.5, thermometer 75, wind north Texas and Dolphin and 50 per cent materials but did not finish it. Read northwest 5, clouds 6. The steamer to several boats saving copper and papers. Quite cool all night used Star of the West got in about 1 to the schooner Relampago. two blankets and counterpane. A.M. and got off about 10 A.M. Tuesday, April 1. Rose at 4: Monday, March 24. Rose at 6. Drew up and filed a claim for duties 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, Weather cool all night. At 7:40 in the case of Barker vs. Cargo and returned home and bathed. At 8 A.M. A.M. barometer 29.62, thermometer materials of the ship Mariner and barometer 29.62.5, thermometer 68.5, wind east 1, clear but slightly tried the case. Wrote to the Solicitor 78, wind east northeast 2, clouds hazy. The steamer Vanderbilt does of the Treasury informing him that I 2.. About 7:30 a thick fog passed not take off today as her engineer had filed the claim. Made my return over the town and lasted about 20 has left her and Smith has sent to to the Tax Collector: lot $800.00, minutes. Read Household Words. Havana for one. Filed the libel of furniture $200.00, cash in hand Wednesday, April 2. Rose at 4:30 Edgar A. Coste et. als vs. cargo and $150.00, value of watches $110.00, and went to market and afterwards materials of the ship Mariner. totals $1260.00. walked to the Salt Ponds. There

6 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 was no water in the tub or well so 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, tea and spent the evening at Philip I could not bathe. At 8 barometer returned home and bathed. At 8 Fontane’s. Senator Stephen Mallory 29.62.5, thermometer 78.5, Wind A.M. barometer 29.46, thermometer called while I was there. east 2, clouds 3. There is a ship, the 73, wind northeast 1, clouds 1 with Thursday, April 10. Rose at 4: James Guthrie, of Portsmouth, Va., a slight haze. Got papers from Post 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, ashore at Tortugas loaded with spars Office. Got letter from Mother, returned home and bathed. At 8 A.M. and bilged. The sloop Plume came P. Williams and Potter, also got a barometer 29.57, thermometer 75, up and brought the news. Read letter from the State Department wind northeast, clouds 2. Wrote to Household Words. After tea went sending U.S. Register and circular Mother and mailed my letters. The with Matilda to Philip Fontanes’ from Auditor and opinion of the USS Fulton came in about 8 A.M. and sat till near 10. Attorney General on the enlistment The steamer Isabel got in about 4 Thursday, April 3. Rose at 4: question. Senator Stephen Mallory P.M. and the Fulton went to sea at 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, came in the steamer Isabel. Wrote 5 P.M. The steamer Florida went returned home and bathed. to J. Livingston and sent him a to sea at 5:30. Mrs. Charles Tift At 8 A.M. barometer 29.56.5, certificate of registry from the Post children went on her on a visit to thermometer 76.55, wind east Office for the $5.00, I sent on the a sister in Mississippi. The steamer southeast 2, clouds 8. The case of 23rd of February 1856 and the Isabel went to sea at 6 P.M. William the ship Albus was tried on Tuesday magazine not having been received. Wall went in her as did Senator and $2,500.00 decreed, she went Wrote to O.R. Potter about G.W. Stephen Mallory and Dr. Walton. to sea yesterday noon. Went to a Ferguson and gave him notice of Friday, April 11. Rose at 5 and fruit auction at Bowne and Curry’s dissolution of the partnership of walked on the beach, returned Wharf and bought 50 grapefruits Benner and Boye. I answered a home and bathed. At 7:20 A.M. and 100 sapadillos. P.M. Siesta and letter from the Auditor of the Post barometer 29.60, thermometer 77, read Household Words. Office Department and a letter from wind northeast 3, clouds 1 with Friday, April 4. Rose at 4:30 and the Assistant Secretary of State and hazy. The schooner Dart came walked to the Salt Ponds, returned mailed them. Spent the evening at down from the reef. The ship home and bathed. At 8 A.M. Alexander Patterson’s. Pocahontas is on shore on Sombero barometer 29.50, thermometer 80, Tuesday, April 8. Rose at 4: Reef loaded with salt. The Captain wind east northeast 1, clouds 4. 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, hesitated to employ the wreckers Read Household Words. The pilot returned home and bathed. and consented only on the grounds boats Dart and Champion went off At 8 A.M. barometer 29.49.5, that they would go to New Orleans. about 12 to a ship, they were told by thermometer 73.5, wind west 1, He said he was here about 15 years a bark with which they spoke, that clouds 2. Wrote to H.E. Hooker Esq. ago. Read papers. was ashore on the Dog Rocks. The Secretary of the New York Western Saturday, April 12. Rose at wind came out from the northwest Fruit Growing Society for a copy of 4:30 and went down town to go about 4 p.m. with heavy clouds, by the proceeding of their last meeting shooting with Alexander Patterson 9 p.m. it was calm. enclosing 10 post office stamps, to and Charles Johnston. Waited till 7 Saturday, April 5. Rose at 4: G. Routledge 18 Beckkman Street, for Patterson who did not come and 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, New York for Stonnehenge and went home and bathed. At 8 A.M. returned home and bathed. At 8 A.M. Poultry Yard and Fish and Fishing barometer 29.64, thermometer barometer 29.56, thermometer 79, and the Highlands of Scotland 77, wind east northeast 4, hazy. wind northwest 4, clouds 7. Read and to Otis C. Clapp Rochester Bought two pairs of shoes from Household Words. After tea Matilda for Homeopathic books enclosing Ferguson who has just opened and I went to Charles Tift’s. $1.00 in gold and enclosing to a shoe store. Paid for bird seed Sunday, April 6. Rose at 4:45 and G. Rottledge $2.50 in gold. Read Mr. Howel got for me in Havana walked to the Salt Ponds, returned papers. P.M. Commenced reading 25 pounds for $2.05. Paid White home and bathed. At 8 A.M. Chapman’s Principe. for two gallons of lard oil $2.50. barometer 29.52, thermometer 78, Wednesday, April 9. Rose at 5:30 Sunday, April 13. Rose at 4: wind northeast 3, clouds 2. The having over slept myself. Bathed. 30 and walked to the Salt Ponds, steamer Florida got in at 10 A.M. At 8 A.M. barometer 29.57, wind returned home and bathed. At 8 A.M. The steamer Isabel got in at 6 P.M. north northwest 3, clouds 2. Read Monday, April 7. Rose at 4: papers and Law Register. Took (Continued on page 8)

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 7 (Hackley from page 7) A.M. barometer 29.59, thermometer Siesta. Walked to South Beach and barometer 29.66, thermometer 75, 78, wind east southeast 3, clouds 4 home by the Fort with Matilda and wind east northeast 2, clouds 4. The with some hazy. Hatty is better. children. Home Squadron was off the harbor Charlotte has pains in her stomach Sunday, April 20. When I woke it yesterday and the USS Fulton and vomited, gave her Cham. Read was raining and had been for some came in the other four ships stood Household Words. P.M. Siesta and time with the wind west northwest. off. The Commodore plans to come read Household Words. The CSS At 8 A.M. barometer 29.30, in about the 1st of June. The ship Walker came in at night. thermometer 75, wind west by north Pocahontus got off on Saturday Wednesday, April 16. Rose 3, clouds 9. Read Household Words. Cunningham and Curry went to at 4:30 and walked to the Salt Charlottes cold is very bad and the New Orleans in her. The steamer Ponds, returned home and bathed. others better. The wind has in the Corwin got in with ship James At 8 A.M. barometer 29.57, last two days backed from south to Guthrie from the Tortugas and thermometer 80, wind east southeast west blowing a good breeze. Captain Cravin came to me to file a 3, clouds 2 with hazy. Tried the case Monday, April 21. Rose at 4: claim for compensating to men and of John H. Geiger vs. materials of 20 and walked to the salt ponds, officers of the Corwin and also for the ship Francis of Portland. Drew returned home and bathed. At 8 coal and injury to engine in towing up the petition of Lt Gravin for A.M. barometer 29.37, wind north the ship. Read papers. P.M. Siesta remuneration in the case of the ship by west 4, clouds 5. All night blew and read Harper’s magazine. James Guthrie. The Judge gave 65 a fresh breeze from the northwest Monday, April 14. Rose at 4 per cent salvage to John Geiger on by west to north northwest. Could and went to the market and to the the net of the sales of $780.75 in not sleep in the piazza last night Salt Ponds, returned home and the case of the Materials of the ship the wind made the curtains flaps bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer 29.65, Francis. The bark Kate with 2,300 so much slept with Matilda and thermometer 79, wind east southeast boxes of sugar came in last night babe and was awakened frequently 2, clouds 3. Hatty coughed badly till leaking. She has been ashore on during the night. The steamer near midnight and vomited what Looe Key and got off unaided. Isabel got in about 5 P.M. Got my supper she ate, very sour. Gave her Thursday, April 17. Rose at 4:30 quarterly salary. Matilda got a letter three globs of Cham. For two days and walked on the beach, returned from Penn. News came that Julius she has been taking Nux. Annie also home and bathed. At 8 A.M. Tift died in New York City on the has a cold today is taking Bella and barometer 29.57, thermometer 79.5, 18th of this month. When the news is better. The Florida came in from wind southeast 3, clouds 2 with was given to his wife she screamed and brought plantains, hazy. Read Household Words. After for hours and it was not until near bananas, potatoes etc. Anduze was tea Matilda and I went to Alexander 11 that she was so much calmed that not home having gone to the Sisal Patterson’s. Matilda could leave her. She is left plot. Drew up and filed a libel for Friday, April 18. Rose at 4:20 and without anything. John Geiger against the materials of walked to the Salt Ponds, returned Tuesday, April 22. Rose at 5 the ship Francis of Portland which home and bathed. At 8 A.M. and went to the Post Office and got wrecked on the Dog Rocks. Two barometer 29.50, thermometer 81, papers. Got Coast Survey report ships were hove to near the wreck wind east by north 2, clouds 4 with for 1853 and 1854 from Coast and have taken most of the movable hazy. A nice shower fell at half past Survey Office send by Mr. Cutts things off her. Bought a copy of the 11 A.M. and all this evening a nice and Law Register of 1854 and 1856 New Testament and Psalms from breeze from northwest. Went to the from Livingston and Celebrated Bailey, agent for the Bible Society, Fort with Matilda, she and all the Americans from the same. Package for $1.00. Paid my taxes $3.90. children have bad colds. weighed 5 pounds and 11 ounces Down to the sale of fruit from Saturday, April 19. Rose at 4: but as the law allows packages the Florida at Bowne and Curry’s 20 and walked to the Salt Ponds, of four pounds only to be sent by Wharf. I bought some plantains and returned home and bathed. At 8 mail I paid for the $.64. At 10 A.M. bananas. After tea Matilda and I A.M. barometer 29.46, thermometer barometer 29.46, thermometer went to Mary Ann Porter’s 81, wind east by south 2, clouds 9. 72 (at 5 A.M. 68 at home), wind Tuesday, April 15. Rose at 4: Tried the case of Winthrup Sawyer northwest 1⁄2, clouds and hazy 6. 15 and walked to the Salt Ponds, vs. ship James Guthrie and cargo. Mrs. Julius Tift composed, her returned home and bathed. At 8 Filed my claim for Lt. Gravin. P.M. children at the house. Received

8 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 from Clerk District Court for the Orizaba has but four passengers on Pickles Reef and relived by the ship Francis $33.83. The steamer the route through the lakes being schooner Dart and sloop Dolphin Vanderbilt arrived about half past stopped by the Costa Ricans who came in about 2 P.M. Siesta. ten having been off the bar since 5 have the advantage over Walker, he Wednesday, April 30. Rose A.M. waiting for a pilot J.P. Smith being without money and his men at 4 and went to the market then having been turned out. Smith is in sick. The steamer Isabel came in walked to the Salt Ponds, returned command of the Jasper chartered to about 3:30 P.M. The Orizaba was home and bathed. At 7:30 A.M. the government. all day getting in her coal and left at barometer 29.50, thermometer 80.5, Wednesday, April 23. Rose at 4: night. After tea Matilda and I went wind southeast 3, clouds and haze. 20 and walked to the Salt Ponds, to Philip Fontane’s. Preparing authorities from which returned home and bathed. At 8 Saturday, April 26. Rose at 4:35 to draw exceptions in the case of A.M. barometer 29.50, thermometer and walked on the beach, returned Ogden et als vs. D. Davis et als. 75, wind south southeast 3, clouds home and bathed. At 8 A.M. After dinner Charles Johnson and 7. Read papers. At 2 P.M. Captain barometer 29.57, thermometer 87, Edgar Coste came up and gave me Israel Vogdes with his company of wind east southeast 4, clouds 2. the facts in the case of the barque 40 men left for Fort Myers in the The steamer Vanderbilt got off Alma. Commenced the libel. After J.J. Taylor. Dr. Richard Simpson at 7:30 A.M. her regular day for tea went to Philip Fontane’s. went with him. Mrs. Julius Tift went sailing. Read papers. The steamer Thursday, May 1. Rose at 4 to Asa Tift’s house this morning. Corwin sailed for New York about and walked to the Salt Ponds, She will stay with him until she 5 P.M. returned and bathed. At 7:30 A.M. goes north and home. John Geiger Sunday, April 27. Rose at 4 and barometer 29.53, thermometer 82, has sold the Lonja to Manuel Farina walked to the Salt Ponds, returned wind east southeast 2, clouds 3. for a Negro boy valued at $600 and home and bathed. At 8 A.M. Drew and filed the libel in the case $800 with payments in six, 12, 18 barometer 29.62, thermometer 81, of the barque Alma and a claim and 24 months. Drew up a bill of wind east southeast 4, clouds 1. for duties on behalf of the United sale for the boy. Loaned Alexander Patterson my States in the case. The propeller Thursday, April 24. Rose at 4: large gold pin. Charles Tift came Dispatch came in about 7 A.M. 10 and walked to the Salt Ponds, down from the reef in the boat. The being seven days from Norfolk. Mr. returned home and bathed. At 8 ship cannot be got off. Seven pumps McChesney was at the house in the A.M. barometer 29.52, thermometer worked six hours on Saturday morning and he says that he can put 79, wind east by north 2, clouds 2. made no impression on the water. the piano in fine order and that it is Drew up a deed from John Geiger to At night my throat having been a a splendid instrument. He will give Farina and a mortgage from Farina little sore all day feared that it was Hatty and Charlotte lessons on the to Geiger and four notes for $200.00 the influenza and put wet bandages piano for $25.00 per quarter and we each and all of which were executed on chest and throat. The children have concluded to try one quarter. and Farina took his deed leaving are all better of their colds. Commenced reading Kane’s “Arctic Geiger’s papers until he calls for Monday, April 28. Rose at 4 and Expedition.” Read paper. them. Farina paid me $10.00 for his walked to the Salt Ponds, returned Friday, May 2. Rose at 4 and went papers. Annie quite sick with some home and bathed. At 8 A.M. to the market then walked round by fever. barometer 29.50, thermometer the Fort but the was so high that Friday, April 25. I was awakened 77.5, wind east northeast 4, clouds I crossed the Key at Simonton’s at 3 A.M. by the noise of the steamer 1. Read papers. Road. At 7:45 A.M. barometer Orizaba’s wheels, lay until 3: Tuesday, April 29. Rose at 4 29.51, thermometer 83, wind east 40 when I arose and went to the and went to the market and then southeast 3, clouds 4. The brig market and bought some turtle and walked to the Salt Ponds, returned Tavanier got in from New York. fish then walked to the Salt Ponds, home and bathed. At 7:30 A.M. Tried the case of C.M. Johnson vs. returned home and bathed. At 8:30 barometer 29.50, thermometer barque Alma and the judge decreed A.M. barometer 29.53, thermometer 78, wind east southeast 3, clouds from the bench $4,000.00 salvage. 81, wind east northeast 2, clouds 3 with some hazy. Read papers. Mr. McChesney at work on the 3. Gave Annie Aconite last night The barque Alma with a load piano and I remained at home till which has reduced her fever but she of molasses of St. John’s New late and then went down to get a still has some fever. The steamer Brunswick which has been ashore (Continued on page 10)

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 9 (Hackley from page 9) a boat. The case of Stephen Case vs. barometer 29.50, thermometer 82, piece of cloth to replace some of C. Curtis was called and the morning wind northwest 1, clouds 3. The the old strips on the piano. A box occupied in arguing a plea to the USS Fulton came in yesterday with some things for the children jurisdiction. The steamer Isabel got evening from the coast of Honduras from their grandmother came in on in late (7 P.M.). and the steamer Jasper got in last the Tavanier. Went to Alexander Wednesday, May 7. Rose at 4:30 night from Miami. Drew up a Bill Patterson’s after tea where Matilda and went to market, returned home of Divorce of John P. Smith from and Charlotte played. and bath. Went to the post office and his wife and he signed it. Loaned Saturday, May 3. Rose at 4:30 got papers and the books I sent for on Alexander Patterson $40.00 and went to market and being late 10th of April. Charlotte got a letter to enable him to send Fielding did not walk, returned home and from her grandmother. Alexander to Washington where Senator bathed. Read Kane till breakfast. Patterson got a letter from Senator Stephen Mallory has written for At 7:30 A.M. barometer 29.47, Stephen Mallory to send Fielding him to come as he can get him thermometer 83, wind southeast 1, Patterson, so he can be on the spot some employment of some kind clouds 3. Samuel Douglas prepared whenever he can get an office for and I think that is the best thing the Bill of Exception in the case him. I advise him to go. At 9 A.M. he can do as this is no place for of Ogden vs. Davis and brought it barometer 29.52, thermometer 83, anyone. The steamer Isabel got in around for me to see. Read paper wind southeast 2, clouds 2. Tried the by 3 P.M. and off by 4. Mrs Stephen and Law Register. case of H. Williams against a boat, Mallory and family, Mrs. Kate Tift Sunday, May 4. Rose at 4 and Antonio Acchs claimant. P.M. Read and family, Charles Tift, Fielding walked by the Barracks across papers. Patterson and Phil Fontane went in the island and across the South Thursday, May 8. Rose at 4:30 and her. The steamer Jasper went out Beach and by the Fort home and walked on the beach, returned home about 6 P.M. bathed. At 7:30 A.M. barometer and bathed. At 7:30 A.M. barometer Sunday, May 11. Rose at 4 and 29:45, thermometer 83, calm with 29.47, thermometer 83.5, wind south walked on the beach, returned squall clouds all round. Read southeast 1, clouds 3. Read papers. home and bathed. At 7:30 papers. Finished Kane’s “Arctic P.M. Siesta and read papers. After barometer 29.52, thermometer 84, Expedition.” tea Matilda, Hatty and I went to Mrs. wind northwest 2, clouds 7. Read Monday, May 5. Rose at 4 Mallory’s and sat till after 9. papers. P.M. Siesta at home. and went to market and walked Friday, May 9. Woke at 3 and rose Monday, May 12. Rose at 4 and on the beach, returned home and at 4 and went to market. Walked on went to market. Then walked on bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer 29.47, the beach and returned home and the beach and returned home and thermometer 83.5, wind southeast bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer 29.46, bathed. At 7:30 A.M. barometer 2, clouds 3. A small steamboat the thermometer 83, wind south 1, clouds 29.52, wind north northwest 1, Planter from Savannah to Mobile 3. Wrote to Livingston to know why clouds 6. The wind has been came in about noon. Read Law he does not send the Law magazine. round the compass since this time Register. P.M. Siesta and read Wrote a letter of recommendation yesterday. The steamer Florida paper. for Philip H.W. Fontane and a letter got off about 4:30 A.M. A Lottery Tuesday, May 6. Rose at 5:15 of introduction to Mother. Also one Ticket in the Havana Lottery and bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer for Fielding Patterson and wrote to number 20236 drew $400.00, one 29.53, thermometer 83.5, wind east the Secretary of the Treasury for fourth of which I have. The first southeast 3, clouds 3. The Planter blank enrolment accounts. About 2 dollar I have ever drawn in the went out early this morning. Bought P.M. the wind came round gradually Havana Lottery. Ticket number $5.00 worth of ice tickets. The to the northwest and blows a 26,099 drew $60,000. Paid Charles steamer Jasper came in about 8 moderate breeze making it pleasant, Howe for a half ticket he send A.M. she is chartered by the U.S. it did the same yesterday evening. for me (number 18,705) $4.25. Quartermaster Department and Gave Fernando Moreno an order to Read paper. After tea Matilda and is commanded by J.P. Smith. She send for a keg of lard by the steamer I went to Alexander Patterson’s has been put in first rate order. She Florida. where we heard Mr. McChesney went out at 6 P.M. bound to Miami. Saturday, May 10. Rose at 4:30 play. Attended the funeral of J.W. Filed an answer for Antonio Acchs and walked on the beach, returned Porter’s child, Fanny, who died of (Axe) in the case of H. Williams vs. home and bathed. At 7:20 A.M. whooping cough.

10 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 Tuesday, May 13. Rose at 4 War Cyane came in yesterday and Got a number of books from Robert and walked on the beach, returned came to Tift’s wharf to get water. P. Campbell. Read The “Hunter’s home and bathed. At 7:15 A.M. The Governor Anderson came in Feast” by Mayne Reid. At 4 P.M. barometer 29.52, thermometer 85, last night as did the brig Augusta barometer 29.14, thermometer 80, wind northwest 1⁄2, clouds 6. The Woodard, which has been on shore wind west 3, clouds 3 with rain Judge gave his decree in the case on Long Key Bar and got off by the about 9 P.M. of Curtis and Williams and decreed sloop Texas. There are a number of Wednesday, May 21. Rose at 4 that the Court had no jurisdiction. vessels in sight this morning. Tift and went to market then walked Read papers. P.M. Siesta. Very gave me this morning $100.00 for on the beach, returned home and cloudy all day. Wind variable. my lottery prize. He sent it over bathed. At 7:15 A.M. barometer Wednesday, May 14. Rose at by the bark Tropic Bird, Captain 29.20, thermometer 77, wind west 4 and went to market and walked William Von Phister, which left 2, clouds 3. Bought at the sale of on the beach, returned home and last night for Havana but is still in Julius Tift’s furniture, one extension bathed. At 7:45 A.M. barometer sight and is owned by Tift and Von dining table $16.00, 11 goblets 29.50, thermometer 85.5, wind Phister. Also in sight are the bark @$.34 total $3.74, one bureau southwest 1, clouds 8. Some little Balaklava and the bark Magnola. $12.25, and one what-not for a rain fell about 7 A.M. and there is Read Household Words. Mr. dollar, total $36.00. Judge William every appearance of a rain in a few McChesney was sick and did not Marvin read his decree giving hours. Loaned Mr. McChesney a give lessons. $1,500.00 salvage. Read the Bush quarter yesterday. Received from the Sunday, May 18. Rose at 4 and Boy by Mayne Reid. The steamer Clerk of District Court my fee in the walked as yesterday, returned home Isabel got in about 10 P.M. case of the bark Alma amounting to and bathed. At 7:45 A.M. barometer Thursday, May 22. Rose at 4 and $140.00. Read paper. Drew up and 29.32, thermometer 83, wind west walked on the beach, returned home filed a petition in the name of C. by south 4, clouds 4. Raining all and bathed. At 8 A.M. barometer Dunn and other for distribution of yesterday forenoon. All the salt 29.26.5, thermometer 79.5, wind the sum of $127.99 which remains is melted. Got the music of the west by north 2, clouds 6. Found in court of the proceeds of the brig Musical World bound which I sent a turtle nest at the point where Horatio (a slaver). Very cloudy all by Captain Wilson. Cost $1.00 the Simonton’s Road joins the beach day, looks like rain. cheapest work I have had done for and got 110 good eggs and broke Thursday, May 15. Rose at 4:30 years and well done too. At 4 P.M. more than a dozen. Got a copy of and walked on the beach, returned barometer 29.24, thermometer 85.5, the Army Meteorological Report and bathed. At 7:30 A.M. barometer wind southwest 4, rain. After tea from the Surgeon General’s Office 29.46, thermometer 86, calm, clouds walked with wife and children to that was requested by Senator 5. Last night at 10 P.M. a heavy the Fort. Stephen Mallory. Got two papers of squall of wind and rain came up Monday, May 19. Rose at 4 and seeds one of which was destroyed from the south southwest and a nice walked as yesterday, returned home and the greater part of the other by a rain fell. Read paper and Household and bathed. At 7:35 A.M. barometer rat which had got into the mail bag. Words. Pleasant breeze most of the 29.22, thermometer 82.5, wind west Read papers. Paid Joseph Whalton day from west by north. 4, clouds 6, frequent slight rain postage bill of $10.36. Friday, May 16. Rose at 3:30 squalls passed to the north. Read Friday, May 23. Rose at 4 and and went to market and walked on Household Words. Matilda and walked on the beach and crossed the beach. At 7:45 A.M. barometer children walked after tea. the island by the Salt Pond plain and 29.44, thermometer 83, wind mostly Tuesday, May 20 Rose at 4 and home by the barracks then bathed. north 3, clouds 4. Very pleasant air. walked as yesterday, returned home At 7:30 A.M. barometer 29.36, Read Household Words. and bathed. At 7:30 A.M. barometer thermometer 80.5, wind west 2, Saturday, May 17. Rose at 4 29.17, thermometer 79, wind west clouds 4. The steamer Vanderbilt and walked up South Beach across 4, clouds 5 with heavy black clouds got in last night. the island by the Salt Ponds and on the northwest horizon. Drew up Judge Thomas F. King came in home by the Barracks. At 8 A.M. a claim for duties in the case of John her. Wrote to the Solicitor of the barometer 29.40, thermometer 84, L. Lowe and other vs. brig Augusta Treasury advising him that I had rain squalls with but little wind from Woodward of Maine. Lawyers filed a claim for duties in the case of 6 A.M. calm, clouds 6. The Sloop of Winer Bethel and Ossian B. Hart. the brig Augusta Woodward.

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 11 (Fort from page 1) as soon as possible. If the items are not requested, the State Parks Department intends to distribute them to other forts. Removing these historic items from their home fort and distributing them throughout the state removes important parts of Key West’s historic past. Fort Taylor is Key West’s most frequently visited attraction and the visitors deserve to see its historic artifacts intact. The single most important artifact that was removed from the fort was a complete Colt Gatling Gun and carriage that was removed along with a much more recent field The priceless Colt Gatling Gun leaves the fort. Photo credit: the Author. artillery gun. This Gatling gun is important enough to be the center piece of any Civil War museum exhibition and must find its way back to Key West.. Of slightly lesser value but immense importance are the extremely detailed models of each of the types of guns and gun emplacements in the fort. These were made by Mr. England who carfully measured and documented each gun emplacement as he uncovered it to allow him to build absolutely accurate models. He also built a very detailed model of the fort’s Desalinization Plant and the Shot Tower that was designed Cannon carriages in very poor condition are destined to be discarded. Photo to heat cannon balls to red hot credit: the Author. so they would set afire any ships they hit. These models are specific to this fort and must be returned as soon as a dry climate- controlled room can be constructed to house them. The cannon carriages have rusted badly and are in very poor condition. The conservation laboratory in Tallahassee has large vats where they can be ‘conserved’, a process that involves Cannon carriages were loaded on the flat bed trucks along with the wire (Continued on page14) mesh boxes filled with cannon balls. Photo credit: the Author.

12 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 Thousands of Parrot Gun Shells were removed from these boxes and trucked to Tallahassee. Photo credit: the Author.

Thousands of cannon balls that had been stored in vats were taken to Tallahassee. Photo credit: the Author.

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 13 (Fort from page 13) passing electric current through an electrolytic bath to gradually remove the salts from the iron and stop the deterioration. It is hoped that they will be returned to the fort after this process is complete. It is hard to understand why the artifacts had to be transported to Tallahassee since the numerous large vats that had been specially constructed out of fiberglass and the electrical power supplies necessary to perform the electrolytic conservation of all of Fort Taylor’s artifacts were still in the fort and in good condition. There is even a sand blasting machine ready to remove the external rust. All that was needed was to have one person oversee the simple process of running the electric current through the artifacts and maintaining the electrolyte in the tanks. The fort’s cannons remain and they have recently been remounted on metal cannon mounts that were After they were loaded into mesh boxes, the cannon balls were lifted onto paid for and installed by the citizens flatbed trucks. Photo credit: the Author. group called the Friends of Fort several thousand dollars and single Taylor. Raising the cannons above Parrot Gun shells sell for around Tom Perera is a retired professor the ground in this way helps to $1000. The value of the thousands who specializes in the history preserve their metal barrels. of shells that were removed from of technology and maintains Mr. England discovered and Fort Taylor exceeds one million extensive internet museums at: excavated thousands of Civil War dollars. It would be a tragedy if www.w1tp.com projectiles ranging from grape shot these artifacts were separated and through small and large cannon distributed to other forts because balls and including a great many the historic importance of having EDUCATION PROGRAM Parrot Gun shells. Many of these them all in the fort where they were SPONSORS shells still contain gunpowder found would be lost. It would be $100 OR MORE and the bomb squad was called like taking the Statue of Libarty in TOM & KITTY CLEMENTS BETTY L. DESBIENS to scan every shell to determine New York City and moving it to BUD DRETTMANN JOHN & BEATRICE DUKE whether it was safe to transport it to Albany because it was not being SHIRLEE EZMIRLY MARY HAFFENREFFER Tallahassee. A Civil War collector maintained well enough. TOM & LYNDA HAMBRIGHT CAPT. HARLAN & JANEY FRANKLIN was killed this year when a Civil Photographs of these never CLYDE W. HENSLEY JOHN H. JONES War shell in his collection exploded before seen artifacts accompany EDWARD B. KNIGHT TOM KNOWLES so considerable attention was given this article and are the only images BILL MUIR JOHN & KAY PLIMPTON to the potential danger of these of them ever seen by the public. I DAN & VIRGINIA PROBERT LARRY & GRETCHEN RACHLIN shells. want to emphasize that it is up to the JUDITH & JAMES ROBERTS MRS. WILLIAM SHALLOW The historic importance of each concerned citizens and historians of ED SWIFT of these shells is indicated by the fact Key West to work to bring these JAN & TY SYMROSKI that cannon balls have values up to artifacts back to the fort.

14 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08 BUSINESS MEMBERS

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY GENEALOGY CENTER 900 LIBRARY PLAZA FORT WAYNE, IN 46802 260-421-1223

CAPE AIR KEY WEST INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT KEY WEST 33040 800-352-0714

CHESAPEAKE APPLIED TECHNOLOGY 623 SIMONTON STREET KEY WEST, FL 33040 888-873-3381

COASTAL SAILING ADVENTURE, INC. 28555 JOLLY ROGER DRIVE LITTLE TORCH KEY, FL 33042-0839 295-8844

Dangerous live shells were quarantined in marked boxes for disposal by the CONCH TOUR TRAINS, INC. 601 DUVAL ST. bomb squad. Photo credit: the Author. KEY WEST, FL 33040 294-4142

FRIENDS OF ISLAMORADA AREA STATE PARKS P.O. BOX 236 ISLAMORADA, FL 33036

DR. ELIAS GERTH 3412 DUCK AVENUE KEY WEST, FL 33040 305-295-6790

HISTORIC FLORIDA KEYS FOUNDATION 510 GREENE STREET KEY WEST, FL 33040

HISTORICAL PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF THE UPPER KEYS, INC. P.O. BOX 2200 , FL 33037

KEY WEST ENGINE SERVICE, INC. P.O. BOX 2521 KEY WEST, FL 33045

KEY WEST WOOD WORKS 6810 FRONT STREET STOCK ISLAND KEY WEST, FL 33040 296-1811

THE LANGLEY PRESS, INC. 821 GEORGIA STREET KEY WEST, FL 33040 294-3156

MEL FISHER MARITIME HERITAGE SOCIETY 200 GREENE ST. KEY WEST, FL 33040 294-2633 Cannon balls were lifted on a makeshift cradle and thrown into wire mesh basket. MILE ZERO PUBLISHING Photo credit: the Author. 5950 PENINSULAR DR. #629 KEY WEST, FL 33040

USS MOHAWK MEMORIAL MUSEUM P.O. BOX 186 KEY WEST, FL 33041

OLD TOWN TROLLEY 6631 MALONEY AVENUE KEY WEST, FL 33040 296-6688

PIGEON KEY FOUNDATION P.O. BOX 500130 MARATHON, FL 33050

A.R. SAVAGE & SONS, INC. 701 HARBOUR POST DRIVE TAMPA, FL 33602 813-247-4550

SEASTORY PRESS 305 WHITEHEAD STREET #1 KEY WEST, FL 33040 296-5762 [email protected]

SOUTHERNMOST HOTEL IN THE USA 1319 DUVAL STREET KEY WEST, FL 33040 296-6577

ST. LOUIS AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER CO. 3928 CLAYTON AVE. ST. LOUIS, MO 63110 314-533-7710

WASHINGTON STREET INN 807 WASHINGTON STREET KEY WEST, FL 305-296-0550 Smaller cannon balls were stored in garbage cans and larger ones were stored on the floor.. Photo credit: the Author.

WINTER 2007/08 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 15 Fort Taylor in 1969 before Howard England began restoration. Photo credit: Monroe County Library.

Key West Maritime Historical Society NONPROFIT ORG. P.O. Box 695 U.S. POSTAGE Key West, FL 33041 PAID KEY WEST, FL PERMIT NO. 30

16 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - WINTER 2007/08