African World Together: Building a Partnership

Friday, June 4, 1993 United States Congress Washington, D.C. r l The African World Together: Building a Partnership

In January 1993, the United States inaugurated a new president who was elected on the basis of his promise for fundamental change in the way that the American government conducts its activities.

Nowhere is the need for such change greater than in Africa and the Caribbean. During the Cold War, relations between the United States and the nations of Africa and the Caribbean suffered greatly as successive American adminstrations subordinated the concerns and aspirations of African and Caribbean peoples to rivalry with the Soviet Union. As a consequence, African and Caribbean realities were seldom acknowledged in U.S. policies toward these regions. Now that the Cold War has ended and a new administration has been elected there is an urgent need to understand and address those realities so as to create a mutually beneficial partnership.

Never before has both the need for action and the opportunity for success been so great. While many African and Caribbean countries are either democratic or moving toward democracy, severe conflicts rage in Angola, Sudan, Haiti and Liberia. South Africa faces daunting obstacles as it struggles to dismantle apartheid. How can a political partnership be forged to address the problems of democ­ ratization and conflict resolution? How can an economic partner­ ship be built to enhance trade and investment between the United States and the nations of Africa and the Caribbean? How can the cultural ties that bind the peoples of the African diaspora be strengthened?

TransAfrica Forum's 12th Annual Foreign Policy Conference ex­ amines these issues and other questions. We invite you to join us in this important discussion as we explore how best the United States, Africa, the Caribbean and the black world at large may build a last­ ing partnership. CONFERENCE SCHEDULE 9:00 am Convening: Edward Lewis, TransAfrica Forum Board Chair Publisher and Chief Executive Officer, Essence

9:10 Presentation: TransAfrica Forum Scholars Advisory Council Ruth Hamilton, University of Michigan Charles Ogletree, Harvard Law School

9:3o t.JQM!ifa¥fa¥144:A Clinton Administration African Policy Agenda George Moose, Assistant Secretary of State for Africa

10:00 -11 :15 Democratization and Conflict Resolution Vivian Lowery Derryck, African-American Institute Ibrahim Gambari, Permanent Mission of Nigeria to U.N. Richard Joseph, Carter Center Sulayman Nyang, Howard University Congressman Donald Payne (D-NJ)

11 :30 -12:45 Trade and Investment in Africa and the Caribbean Earl Graves, Publisher & CEO, Black Enterprise Richard Bernal, Jamaican Ambassador to the U.S. Robert Browne, Economist Carol Henderson Tyson, U.S. AID, Caribbean Desk Baelhadj Merghoub, African Development Bank Michael Sudarkasa, 21st Century Africa

1:00 -2:30 lklkt4h§.kl ,,g;,tf.hi-10¥(!4@:1 Advancing the Foreign Policy Agenda Jesse Jackson, President National Rainbow Coalition

2:40 -3:00 African Americans & Careers in International Affairs Ollie Anderson, United States Foreign Service

3:00 -4:30 Cultural Expressions of the Black World Maryse Conde, Caribbean Writer Dennis Brutus, South African Poet'Writer Robert Guillaume, Actor Joao Jorge Rodrigues, Brazilian Musical Group Olodum

4:30 pm Closing Remarks Randall Robinson, TransAfrica Forum Biographical Sketches

CONVENOR

Edward Lewis, Chairman, TransAfrica Forum Board of Directors, Publisher and CEO of Essence Communications, Inc.: Recently elected to the Chairmanship of the Board of Directors of TransAfrica Forum, Mr. Lewis is the Publisher of Essence magazine and the CEO of Essence Communications, Inc. As a co-founder of Essence magazine in 1970, he has helped to guide it from the conceptual stage to the unique position it currently holds as the leading lifestyle magazine for African-American women. Mr. Lewis is a graduate of the University of New Mexico and New York University.

TRANSAFRICA FORUM SCHOLARS ADVISORY COUNCIL CO-CHAIRS

Ruth Hamilton, Professor, Michigan State University: Ruth Hamilton, a Co-Chair of TransAfrica Forum's Scholars Advisory Council, is the Director of the African Diaspora Research Project at Michigan State University. She is the author of numerous publications including "Conceptualizing the African Diaspora" in the forthcoming Negritude in the Americas, and Urbanization in West Africa: A Review of Current Literature. Ms. Hamilton is a graduate of Talledega College and Northwestern University.

Charles Ogletree, Professor, Harvard Law School: Charles Ogletree, a Co-Chair ofTransAfrica Forum's Scholars Advisory Council, is the Director of Harvard Law School's Criminal Justice Institute. Mr. Ogletree has a national reputation as a legal theorist and an authority on many complex constitutional issues of law ranging from ethics to public education. He has authored numerous articles including "Beyond Justifica­ tions: Seeking Motivations to Sustain Public Defenders" and "Are Confessions Really Good for the Soul?: A Proposal to Mirandize Miranda" in the Harvard Law Review. He has also served as the moderator of several PBS series including "Hard Drugs, Hard Choices" and "Popular Culture: Rage, Rights, and Responsibilities. Mr. Ogletree is a graduate of Stanford University and Harvard Law School.

OPENING SPEAKER

George Moose, Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs: Having been appointed as the first African-American Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs in April 1993, Mr. Moose is working to strengthen relations between Africa and the United States. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Moose, a career Foreign Service Officer, served as the U.S. Alternate Representative in the United Nations Security Council (1991-1992), Ambassador to the Republic of Senegal (1988-1991), and Ambassador to the People's Republic of Benin ( 1983-1986). He is a graduate of Grinnell College and the Maxwell School at Syracuse University.

LUNCHEON SPEAKER

Jesse Jackson, President, National Rainbow Coalition: Over the past three decades, Jesse Jackson has played a major role in virtually every movement for human rights, empowerment, peace, civil rights, and economic and social justice. His two presidential campaigns broke new ground in American politics as he won 3.5 million votes in 1984 and 7 million votes in 1988. Mr. Jackson is a graduate of North Carolina A&T State University. Democratization and Conflict Resolution in Africa and the Caribbean

PANELi

In the past few years, Africa has experienced a heretofore unprecedented wave of democratization. Since the end of the Cold War, more than half of all of Africa's governments have moved towards democracy. While the Caribbean, home to some of the world's oldest and most resilient democracies, has successfully surmounted many challenges, it now faces the serious threats posed by economic problems and the drug trade. Unfortunately, these dramatic events have received . little attention and material support from the United States, especially when compared to its response to changes in Eastern Europe. This is especially troubling when one takes into account the many conflicts that remain to be resolved such as the dismantling of apartheid in South Africa, the res­ toration of the government of Father Jean-Bertrand Aristide in Haiti, and the wars raging in Angola and Liberia.

The objective of this panel is to examine the proc­ esses of democratization and confllict resolution in Africa and the Caribbean. How may these ·processes be supported by the United States? What are the requisites of building stable, prosperous democracies in Africa and the Caribbean? What regional and international peacekeeping initia- tives are needed? What is the role of the United Nations? TransAfrica Forum 12th Annual Foreign Policy PANELISTS Conference

Vivian Lowery Derryck, African-American Institute Ibrahim Gambari, Permanent Mission of Nigeria to U.N. African World Together: Richard Joseph, Carter Center Building a Sulayman Nyang, Howard University Partnership Congressman Donald Payne (D-NJ) Biographical Sketches

PANEL I: DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Moderator - Richard Joseph,The Carter Center: Richard Joseph is Director of the African Governance Program at the Carter Center of Emory University. He is an expert on African politics and democratization. Mr. Joseph is the author of many publications including Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: The Rise and Fall of the Second Republic, and Radical Nationalism in Cameroon: Social Origins of the UPC Rebellion. He has taught at U.C. L.A., Dartmouth College and Emory University. Mr. Joseph, a Rhodes Scholar, is a graduate of Dartmouth College and Oxford University.

Ibrahim Gambari, Ambassador of Nigeria to the United Nations: Ibrahim Gambari is the Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the U.N. Mr. Gambari, an expert on African security and regional integration, has written several books including Party Politics and Foreign Policy in Nigeria, Theory and Reality in Foreign Policy: Nigeria After The Second Republic, African Security in the 1980s, and Political and Comparative Dimensions ofRegional Integration: The Case ofE('OWAS. He has taught at Johns Hopkins University, Howard University, and Georgetown University. Mr. Gambari is a graduate of the London School of Economics and Columbia University.

Vivian Lowery Derryck, President, African-American Institute: Appointed to head the 38 year-old African-American Institute (an organization created to strengthen relations between Africa and the United States) in 1989, Ms. Derryck has worked in both the public and private sectors on issues affecting Africa. She has worked at the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Carnegie Corporation and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. From 1980 to 1982, Ms. Derryck served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a graduate of Chatham College and Columbia University's School of International Affairs.

Sulayman Nyang, Professor, Howard University: Mr. Nyang is Chairman of the Department of African Studies at Howard University. He has written extensively on a wide variety of subjects ranging from Gambian politics to the impact of Islam to Pan-Africanism. Prof. Nyang is the author of several books including Ali A. M azrui: The Man and His Works, Reflections on the Human Condition, I slam, Christianity and African Identity, and the forthcoming Studies in Gambian Politics. He is a graduate of the Hampton Institute and the University of Virginia.

Donald Payne, Congressman, New Jersey: Donald Payne, New Jersey's first African-American Con­ gressman, was elected to serve as the Representative of the 10th Congressional District in November 1988 by an overwhelming vote. He was re-elected in November 1990 with more than 80% of the vote and again in 1992. Congressman Payne is a member of the House Subcommittee on Africa, the Education and Labor Committee, the Government Operations Committee, and the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. Prior to his election to Congress, Representative Payne served as the first African-American President of the YMCAs of the USA and as an executive with The Prudential Insurance Company and Urban Data Systems. He was educated at Seton Hall University and Springfield College. Trade and Investment Opportunities in Africa and the Caribbean

PANEL II

Despite the tremendous potential of commercial link­ ages, trade and development between the United States, Africa and the Caribbean is low. In a world marked by vigourous economic competition, the inability or refusal of American businesses to compete in African and Carib­ bean markets can be deemed a detriment to American competitiveness. This is especially so in view of the greater European and Asian presence within these mar­ kets.

The aim of this panel is to investigate the opportunities for enhanced trade and investment between the United States, Africa and the Caribbean. Why is the level of trade between the United States, Africa and the Carib­ bean so low? How can U. S. institutions be reoriented so as to facilitate trade and investment with African and Caribbean nations? Which strategies for tapping the commercial potential of Africa and the Caribbean are most effective? What are the obstacles con- fronting African and Caribbean nations as they strive to develop strong economies? What is the role of African-American business in enhancing commercial re- lations between the United States, Africa and the Caribbean? TransAfrica Forum · 12th Annual Foreign Policy PANELISTS Conference Earl Graves, Publisher Black Enterprise Richard Bernal, Jamaican Ambassador to the U.S. African World Robert Browne, Economist Together: Baelhadj Margoub, African Development Bank Building a Michael Sudarkasa, 21st Century Africa Partnership Carol Henderson Tyson, U.S. AID, Caribbean Desk Biographical Sketches

PANEL II: TRADE AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Presenter - Earl Graves, President and CEO, Black Enterprise magazine: Earl Graves, a member of the Board of Directors of TransAfrica Forum, is a nationally recognized authority on African-American business development. He is the Publisher of Black Enterprise magazine, a business-service publication targeted to African-American professionals, executives, entrepreneurs and policymakers in both the public and private sectors. He is also Chairman and CEO of Pepsi-Cola of Washington, D.C., the largest minority­ controlled Pepsi-Cola franchise in the United States. Mr. Graves, a former Green Beret, is a graduate of ROTC and Morgan State University.

Moderator - Michael Sudarkasa, President, 21st Century Africa, Inc.: Michael Sudarkasa began his career in development as a technical assistant working with the Private Sector Promotion Unit at the African Development Bank in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. In 1989, he founded 21st Century Africa, Inc., an international professional services firm whose aim is to be a conduit between private enterprise in Africa and private enterprise in the global business community. Mr. Sudarkasa is a graduate of the University of Michigan and Harvard Law School.

Richard Bernal, Jamaican Ambassador to the United States: Prior to his present position of Jamaican Ambassador to the U.S., Dr. Bernal distinguished himself as an authority on Caribbean economic issues. He has worked in government service, the private sector and academia, and has written extensively on issues affecting the Caribbean countries. He is a graduate of the University of the West Indies and the New School for Social Research.

Robert Browne, Economist: Robert Browne, a well-respected consultant on international economic affairs, is currently the Scholar in Residence at Howard University's African Studies Program. He has also served as Director of the Black Economic Research Center in New York, and Executive Director at the African Development Bank in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Mr. Browne was Staff Director of the House Banking Committee's Subcommittee on International Development, Fmance, Trade, and Monetary Policy from 1986 to 1991. He is a graduate of the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago.

Baelhadj Merghoub, Resident Director, African Development Bank: As Director of the African Development Bank's Washington, D.C. office, Mr. Merghoub acts as the liaison between American and Canadian governments and international and private institutions involved in investment in Africa. He has over twenty years of experience in international finance and economic development. Prior to joining the African Development Bank, Mr. Merghoub served for eleven years as the Operations Division Chief of the World Bank. He is a graduate of Paris University and Grenoble University.

Carol Henderson Tyson, U.S. Agency for International Development: Carol Henderson Tyson is Director of the Office of Caribbean Affairs at the U.S. Agency for International Development. She is responsible for the development of strategies and plans for foreign assistance programs throughout the Caribbean. Ms. Tyson is a graduate of Tufts University, Howard University, and Harvard University. Cultural Expressions in the Black World."

PANEL Ill

As a widely dispersed people, the descendents of Africans have created a culture with distinct ex­ pressions that are in evidence in the works of literature, music and film in existence through­ out the Diaspora. In the United States, these cultural expressions are evident in the blues, jazz, rap, and the myriad other cultural forms created by African-Americans. Yet, there is little aware­ ness among African-Americans of the other cul­ tural expressions of the African Diaspora.

The aim of this panel is to examine the cultural expressions of the African Diaspora. What values are these cultural expressions rooted in? What are the commonalities and differences of the cultural expressions of the Diaspora? Given the struggles against oppression that con- front the peoples of the African Dias- pora, how can culture be used as a vehicle for the expression of politi- cal activism?

TransAfrica Forum 12th Annual Foreign Policy Conference PANELISTS:

Dennis Brutus, South African Poet/Writer African World Together: Maryse Conde, Caribbean Writer Building a Robert Guillaume, Actor Partnership Joao Jorge Rodrigues, Brazilian Musical Group Olodum Biographical Sketches

PANEL III: CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE BLACK WORLD

Moderator - Robert Guillaume, Actor: Robert Guillaume is a distingushed actor whose television work as the title character of the comedy series "Benson" has earned him two Emmy A wards. Mr. Guillaume also garnered a Tony nomination for his Broadway performance in "Guys and Dolls". As a singer, he has also received critical raves and standing ovations from critics and crowds in Las Vegas, Atlantic City, Lake Tahoe and across the nation. Mr. Guillaume is a graduate of St. Louis' Washington University.

Dennis Brutus, Professor, University of Colorado: Mr. Brutus, a noted South African anti-apartheid activist and poet, is the Visiting Distinguished Humanist at the University of Colorado. He was the Founding Secretary of the South African Sports Association and the Founding President of the South African Non­ Racial Olympic Committee. Mr. Brutus has authored many books i~cluding Sirens, Knuckles Boots, China Poems, Stubborn Hope, and Sales and Censures. He has taught at Swarthmore College, Dartmouth College and Northwestern University. Dennis Brutus is a graduate of South Africa's Fort Hare University and Witwatersrand University.

Maryse Conde, Caribbean Author: Maryse Conde is the author of Segu, The Children of Segu, and several other novels. A native of Guadeloupe, she lived for many years in Paris, where she taught West Indian literature at the Sorbonne. She is the recipient of the prestigious French award Le Grand Prix Litteraire de la F errune and was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1987-88. Ms. Conde lectures widely throughout the United States.

Joao Jorge Santos Rodrigues, President, Grupo Olodum: Mr. Rodrigues is the President of Grupo Olodwn, the world-renowned Brazilian samba-reggae drum corps that performed with Paul Simon on his Rhythm of the Saints album. He has worked to promote cultural awareness amongst Brazil's 70 million , blacks through such initiatives as the Olodum Creative School which strives to build self-esteem, self­ affirmation and economic ascension among black children. Mr. Rodrigues is also engaged in efforts to both preserve the historical patrimony of black Brazilians and enhance relations between African-Americans and Brazil's black population. African Americans and Careers in International Affairs

TRANSAFRICA FORUM INTERNATIONAL CAREERS PROGRAM

In 1989 TransAfrica Forum, in conjunction with Spelman College and Lincoln University, initi­ ated a new program to increase the number of African Americans preparing for and seeking employment in international careers in general and the U.S. Foreign Service in particular. Under the leadership of Dr. Johnnetta Cole, President of Spelman College, Dr,. Niara Sudarkasa, President of Lincoln University and Dr. Norman Francis, President of Xavier University, a working group was established to develop strategies to infuse universities with international perspectives and help students become competitive in the interna­ tional and foreign policy job market.

The Careers Program has built working relation­ ships with the U.S. Department of State, con­ cerned Members of Congress, African-Ameri- can Ambassadors, and College Presidents across the country. TransAfrica Forum is pleased to have the support of the State Department in this effort and encourages interested candidates to participate in our dynamic and expanding program. TransAfrica Forum 12th Annual Foreign· Policy Conference COMMENTATOR:

Ollie Anderson African World Together: Deputy Office Director, West African Affairs Building a U.S. Foreign Service Partnership