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History of Berks County, Pennsylvania, in the Revolution, from 1774 to 1783

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History of Berks County, Pennsylvania, in the Revolution, from 1774 to 1783 V \ * \ K-' fflotttell Uttimjsiiti pibjriitg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM.-THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF 1891 Cornell University Library F 157B3 M783 History of Berks County, Pennsylvania, i 3 1924 028 852 220 olin The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028852220 ««••• '^T' .T '<.-' 'kvV^'"" -' •.; ;''I'^r:-«wr:iaod>"> HISTORY OF gERKS (OUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, REVOLUTION, PKOM l'Z'Z4 to I'ZSS, MORTON ly. MONTGOMERY, MEMBER OF THE BAR OF BERKS COUNTY, Author of " Political Hand Book of Berks County" (1883), " History of Berks County" {1886), "School History of Berks County" (1889), and " Life and Times of Conrad Weiser " (1893). Volume Arkangbd ra Two Books : BOOK I.—Revolution. BOOK II.—Biographical Sketches. READING, PA.: Chas. F. Haage, Printer, Seventh and Court Streets. fS94. K .\sZ7.;-( Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1894, by MORTON L. MONTGOMERY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D C. PREFACE. -^7HE first attempt at the compilation of local ^^ history in Berks County was made in 1841 by William Stahle, a storekeeper at Read- ^^ ing. He published a small volume of 68 pages in the English and German languages, in separate editions, which related chiefly to the busi- ness affairs of Reading, and was entitled, "A Descrip- tion of the Borough of Reading." It was prepared by a promising young lawyer, Jackson H. Sherman, who had shortly before been admitted to practice in the courts of Berks County. He was a man of considerable talent, but the re- sult of his labor shows that he lacked the real spirit of research and the true love of authorship. The facts collected by him fall far short of what might have been gathered at that time with ordinary pains. The opportunity was afforded for collecting important data that was truly enviable. Many persons were still living who could have supplied numerous particulars, their and either of own knowledge or from hearsay ; various documents of an historical nature were still in existence, which could have been consulted and made the basis of a most exhaustive and reliable history. As to the Revolution, the nine survivors (whose names are mentioned) could have been easily in- terrogated. All of them were over seventy-five years PREFACE. old. When the struggle for independence was going on, they were young men. By their assistance, the compiler could have collected sufficient materials to have enabled him to write a satisfactory story of the part that Berks County took in the war; and by patient inquiry and determination he could have ob- tained almost every important fact worth mentioning. But this opportunity was neglected ; and this neglect is surprising to me, for the reason that there were then at Reading at least a dozen men who were highly qualified to compile an interesting and correct history, not only by their education, but also by their social position and their ample means, which would have enabled them to go ahead earnestly and success- fully, without the fear of embarrassment or failure. The next attempt was made by I. Daniel Rupp, of I/ancaster, in 1844. For some years before, he had been gathering information relating to a number of counties in Pennsylva- nia that lay to the east and west of the Susque- hanna River, and the result of his persever- ing industry was pub- ^. J) . c^B^cyi^ lished in separate vol- umes, entitled after the several counties. One of them was the "History of Berks and Lebanon Counties," an octavo volume of 504 PREPACK. 5 pages. His local information does not show much re- search. Beyond the taxables and the descriptive nature of the work, his effort is not to be classed above that of Stable' s. The joining of Lebanon County to Berks was a misconception, because there was no just reason for doing so. He should have joined Schuylkill County, for which there were many good reasons. The disconnected portions about the Revolution are of the most ordinary nature. With the ability and experience that he apparently possessed to guide and encourage him, he should have been particularly successful, because he was looking up so many counties at the same time and for the same purpose. His chief aim must have been personal rather than general. He gave considerable space to two promi- nent pplitical characters of Berks County (Weiser and Hiester), and also several ministers, without even a reference to others. Joseph Hiester, it is true, acted his part well in the Revolution ; but there were other men who were his superiors in various ways, and yet Rupp did not regard them as worth looking after at all. I allude to such active and influential men as Edward Biddle, George Nagel, Henry Haller, Jacob Morgan, Nicholas L,otz, Mark Bird, Bodo Otto, Jona- than Potts, Daniel Udree, Daniel Hunter, Daniel Brodhead, Valentine Eckert, John Lesher and John Patton. These men were so prominent that he could not have failed to learn much about them while making his inquiries, if he had directed his efforts in the proper way. Until then, the natural and inevitable changes from the lapse of time were not numerous nor great. Many 6 PREFACE. of the older buildings, erected before 1776, still re- mained. Hence documents and correspondence of all kinds could have been found in the different counties that would have proven of incalculable value. But during the lapse of forty years more, the changes were both numerous and great, and matters and things had not only come to be disturbed very much, but many valuable links connecting the past with the present, that is to say, the times of 1776 with those of 1826, and particularly with 1876, were absolutely gone. When I came to interest myself earnestly in historical subjects after 1880, I was not only surprised but very much disappointed to find available materials about the Revolution so limited at Reading ; and personal inquiries at Harrisburg, L,ancaster, Philadelphia and Washington were next to fruitless. The men at Read- ing, from 1830 to 1850, who were highly qualified for literary work, with leisure to accomplish it, are inex- cusable for this gross neglect respecting a topic of such general value and importance. Even the proprietors of newspapers of that interesting period did not regard such information as worthy of preservation. The peo- ple seemed to turn constantly towards distant coun- tries for knowledge relating to general history, govern- ment, and it never occurred to them that &c. ; local matters were more important in the daily affairs of life. The Revolution was a subject that was particularly valuable, for the reason that it concerned their own personal freedom, unrestricted enterprise and local government ; and a discussion of its causes, its merits and its successes would have given the two succeed- ing generations a higher conception of these elevating " PREFACE. 7 and ennobling ideas. This notion has been trans- mitted even until now, making it apparent that progress in this respect could not be expected to reach a plane above that occupied then. In 1859, Amos K. Strunk, of Boyertown, published a small and useful book of 124 pages that contains the names of officers of the county who officiated from 1752 to i860. He caused it to be printed in two editions, one in the Eng- lish language and the ^^^ J^C^/^^U.,^ *^ other m the German. ' _^-^ \- He gave much labor to its compilation, but he received only a little praise for his pains and enterprise. In 1883, I published the "Political Hand-Book of Berks County" (octavo volume of 104 pages), an enlargement of Strunk's idea as a book of reference. These two publications did not make any pretensions beyond the subject treated, and nothing else should be looked for in them. ' In 1 886, 1 completed the ' History of Berks County, a royal octavo volume of 1 204 pages. In it I devoted thirty-one pages (double column) to the Revolu- tion. That was something on this line of inquiry, a good start ; but a comparison of the matters therein contained with the contents of this volume will show that I had made only a feeble attempt at portraying the part Berks County accomplished in that important crisis of our history. In the short time that has elapsed since 1886, a considerable new information about the Revolution has come to light. The State of Pennsylvania published several additional volumes 8 PREFACE. of Archives which were devoted entirely to that topic. Yet with this information as to Berks County added, and the whole narrative reconstructed, I still find this compilation imperfect and short of what it should be. The patriots from Berks County in the war for personal liberty and free government had a right to expect succeeding generations to appreciate their sacrifices and to preserve a record of their actions. In doing their part well, they were not only prompted by selfish considerations for the enjoyment of privileges and advantages in their day, but by noble impulses for justice, and by the hope that their children would have the blessings of self-government, equality and peace. Such a record, however, was neglected by the next generation after them, and even by the second generation. What would those heroes, as colonels and captains and committeemen have said to their sons and grandsons if, by some mysterious power, they should have appeared in 1826, more especially in 1876, and seen naught done by way of recognizing or appre- ciating their services for freedom ? The third genera- tion is also rapidly passing away.
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