Salvador Dalí: K Problematice Designérské Tvorby Bakalářská Diplomová Práce

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Salvador Dalí: K Problematice Designérské Tvorby Bakalářská Diplomová Práce Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Bakalářská diplomová práce 2018 Eliška Drkalová Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Sdružená uměnovědná studia Eliška Drkalová Salvador Dalí: k problematice designérské tvorby Bakalářská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Dagmar Koudelková 2018 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. …………………………………………….. Podpis autora práce Poděkování Děkuji vedoucí mé bakalářské práce PhDr. Dagmar Koudelkové za odborné rady a připomínky. Obsah Úvod .................................................................................................................................. 7 2 Salvador Dalí .............................................................................................................. 9 3 Surrealismus ............................................................................................................. 11 3.1 Surrealistický šperk .......................................................................................... 12 3.2 Surrealistický nábytek a interiérové doplňky .................................................. 13 4 Design šperků ........................................................................................................... 14 4.1 Symbolismus ve špercích ................................................................................. 18 4.2 Materiály použité k výrobě šperků .................................................................. 21 4.3 Technické provedení šperků ............................................................................ 21 5 Design nábytku a interiérových doplňků ................................................................. 23 5.1 Spolupracovníci ............................................................................................... 24 5.1.1 Sir Edward James ..................................................................................... 24 5.1.2 Óscar Tusquets Blanca ............................................................................. 25 5.1.3 Jean-Michael Frank .................................................................................. 25 5.1.4 Joan Vehí .................................................................................................. 26 5.2 Tvář Mae Westové ........................................................................................... 27 5.2.1 Pohovka Rty Mae Westové ...................................................................... 27 5.3 Sedací nábytek ................................................................................................. 29 5.3.1 Židle-Socha Leda ...................................................................................... 30 5.3.2 Vis-à-vis od Galy ...................................................................................... 30 5.3.3 Ruční židle ............................................................................................... 30 5.3.4 Křeslo Neviditelná Osoba ......................................................................... 31 5.3.5 Dýchající křeslo ........................................................................................ 31 5.4 Svítidla ............................................................................................................. 32 5.4.1 Lampa Cajones ......................................................................................... 32 5.4.2 Lampa Muletas ......................................................................................... 32 5.4.3 Lampa Bracelli ......................................................................................... 33 5.5 Stolky ............................................................................................................... 33 5.5.1 Konferenční stolek Leda ........................................................................... 34 5.5.2 Xai ............................................................................................................ 34 6 Další designérská tvorba .......................................................................................... 36 6.1 Surrealistické objekty ...................................................................................... 36 6.1.1 Telefony .................................................................................................... 37 6.2 Čajový servis .................................................................................................... 37 6.3 Parfém .............................................................................................................. 38 6.4 Módní a jevištní návrhy ................................................................................... 38 6.5 Časopisy, knihy a reklamy ............................................................................... 39 6.6 Logo a plakáty ................................................................................................. 39 6.7 Výlohy ............................................................................................................. 39 Závěr ................................................................................................................................ 41 Resumé ............................................................................................................................ 43 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 43 Seznam pramenů a literatury ........................................................................................... 45 Přílohy ............................................................................................................................. 49 Šperky seřazeny dle data: ........................................................................................... 49 Seznam vyobrazení ..................................................................................................... 52 Úvod Bakalářská diplomová práce sleduje designérskou tvorbu Salvadora Dalího. Španělský umělec, jehož celé jméno zní Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí y Domènech, byl všestranně nadaný: vedle malířství se věnoval fotografování, sochařství a také designu. V současné době je však vnímán hlavně jako malíř. Designérská tvorba je opomíjena, proto se tato práce zaměřuje především na ni. Cílem je zasadit designérská díla Salvadora Dalího, převážně jeho šperky a nábytek, do kontextu doby a tvorby umělce. Dále také posoudit odkaz těchto děl, jejich význam v současném světě, zda existují následovníci a jak je s díly nakládáno. V závěru by měly být známy odpovědi na následující otázky: „Jaký je šperk a nábytek v kontextu jeho tvorby? Proč vznikla díla a čím byl inspirován k jejich vytvoření? S kým na nich spolupracoval? Jaký je proces tvorby těchto předmětů? Jaký je odkaz těchto děl? Kde jsou umístěna? Dají se koupit a používat? Existují v současné době následovníci?“ Druhá kapitola se věnuje osobnosti Salvadora Dalího a jeho životu. Ve třetí kapitole je zasazen fenomén surrealismus do kontextu designu šperků a nábytku. Čtvrtá kapitola pojednává o designu šperků, jejich materiálním a technickém provedení a o symbolech, z nichž je většina porovnána s výtvarnými díly umělce. Pátá kapitola se věnuje designu nábytku a interiérových doplňků. V ní jsou zmíněna nejznámější díla a spolupracovníci umělce, kteří se na nich podíleli. Šestá kapitola ukazuje i další designérskou tvorbu, například podobu loga, telefonů, parfémů, čajového servisu a dalších. K napsání bakalářské práce bude použita kompilační metoda. V České republice jsou běžné zejména publikace zaměřené na život a malířství Dalího. O návrzích šperků a nábytku je v nich jen zmínka, většinou jen pár vět. Protože informace o navržených dílech nejsou dostačující, bude ke zpracovávání použita převážně zahraniční literatura a online zdroje. Z online zdrojů je nejzajímavější nahrávka konference na téma surrealistické šperky,1 ve které je největší pozornost věnována právě Dalímu. Dále jsou velmi užitečné informace na webových stránkách2 muzea a nadace Salvadora Dalího, kde je přístupná online také celá kolekce šperků, včetně nahrávek pohyblivých šperků. 1 AROCA BERNABÉU, Inmaculada. Conferencia: Joyas surrealistas. In: Youtube [online]. 2014 [cit. 2017-11-28]. Dostupné z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdX-B3G89BE 2 Visita virtual. Museos Salvador Dalí | Fundación Gala–Salvador Dalí [online]. Figueres: Fundación Gala–Salvador Dalí, 2014 [cit. 2017-11-29]. Dostupné z: https://www.salvador-dali.org/es/museos/dali- joyas/visita-virtual 7 Z cizojazyčné literatury je přínosná hlavně publikace Surreal things3, která je zaměřena na surrealistický design. Samozřejmě bude využita i česká odborná literatura, ze které bude použito maximum možných informací důležitých pro tuto bakalářskou práci. Jedna z nejužitečnějších publikací je Salvador Dalí (život a dílo spolu s více než 20 faksimiliemi dokumentů z jeho oficiálního archivu)4 od Montse Aguera. V ní jsou uvedeny informace převážně ze zahraničních zdrojů, které se jinde v češtině nedají nalézt, část je zde věnována i šperkům. Salvador Dalí (1904–1989) se od dětství se věnoval malování. Zlom nastal ve 30. letech, kdy se začal věnovat designu nábytku. Z tohoto období vzešla i slavná pohovka ve tvaru rtů herečky Mae Westové. Později navrhl kolekci celkem 40 šperků a řadu lahviček na parfémy. Šperky jsou neméně známé a výjimečné jako jeho obrazy, mezi ty nejznámější patří: Oko času, Královské srdce, Rubínové
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