Primary Succession in Man-Made Wetlands: Biodiversity, Structure and Dynamics of Macrofaunal Assemblages

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Primary Succession in Man-Made Wetlands: Biodiversity, Structure and Dynamics of Macrofaunal Assemblages PRIMARY SUCCESSION IN MAN-MADE WETLANDS: BIODIVERSITY, STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF MACROFAUNAL ASSEMBLAGES Albert RUHÍ i VIDAL Dipòsit legal: GI-249-2012 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77638 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. PRIMARY SUCCESSION IN MAN-MADE WETLANDS ALBERT RUHÍ I VIDAL 2011 - PhD THESIS - Biodiversity, structure and dynamics of macrofaunal assemblages Biodiversity, structure and dynamics of macrofaunal assemblages macrofaunal of dynamics and structure Biodiversity, PRIMARY SUCCESSION MAN IN SUCCESSION PRIMARY ALBERT RUHÍ I VIDAL RUHÍ ALBERT PhD THESIS PhD THESIS 2011 2011 - MADE WETLANDSMADE Disseny de la portada: Núria Pla Il·lustració de la contraportada: Miguel Ángel Fuentes PhD THESIS PRIMARY SUCCESSION IN MAN-MADE WETLANDS Biodiversity, structure and dynamics of macrofaunal assemblages ALBERT RUHÍ I VIDAL 2011 PROGRAMA DE DOCTORAT EN CIÈNCIES EXPERIMENTALS I SOSTENIBILITAT Dirigida per: Dr. Dani Boix i Masafret Dra. Stéphanie Gascón i Garcia Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica Universitat de Girona Universitat de Girona Memòria presentada per optar al títol de Doctor per la Universitat de Girona El Dr. Dani Boix i Masafret, professor agregat del departament de Ciències Ambientals de la Universitat de Girona, i la Dra. Stéphanie Gascón i Garcia, professora titular del departament de Ciències Ambientals de la Universitat de Girona, CERTIFIQUEN: Que aquest treball titulat “Primary succession in man-made wetlands: biodiversity, structure and dynamics of macrofaunal assemblages”, que presenta Albert Ruhí i Vidal, per a l’obtenció del títol de Doctor, ha estat realitzat sota la seva direcció i que compleix els requeriments per poder optar a Menció Europea. Dr. Dani Boix i Masafret Dra. Stéphanie Gascón i Garcia El doctorand: Albert Ruhí i Vidal Girona, octubre 2011 Aquesta tesi doctoral és, innegablement, el fruit de quatre anys de dedicació intensa a la recerca en el camp de l’ecologia aquàtica. Però també ho és de la passió per la Natura que he tingut des de ben petit: de les cuques minúscules més properes als ocells més acolorits i llunyans; dels hàbitats propers i sovint menystinguts fins als tan idealitzats paisatges exòtics. És, en certa manera, la destil·lació científica d’una manera de veure i entendre la vida, marcada per la fam de córrer món, la predisposició a deixar-se sorprendre i la convicció que som tots part d’un gran ecosistema. Pateixo una afecció irreversible, la dels que hem estat seduïts per aquesta meravella que és la Natura. Espero compartir-la amb tots vosaltres. Per això vull dedicar aquesta tesi a la meva família i la meva parella, per entendre i participar de la meva passió. També vull agrair molt sincerament l’esforç de tots els qui m’heu acompanyat en aquest viatge tan estimulant. Una menció especial la mereixeu els meus directors i els companys del Grup de recerca en limnologia de llacunes i aiguamolls mediterranis (LLAM), que a més a més m’heu fet de mestres i amics. També us dec molt als companys del Grup de recerca en Ecologia aquàtica continental (GRECO), compartint àpats, ciència i limitat espai vital al seminari; i als doctorands de fora la casa (Universitat de Barcelona; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC) amb qui hem emprès –i n’estic segur, continuarem fent-ho– il·lusions i projectes comuns. I also would like to thank those who made my Summer 2009 research stage at the University of Kalmar in Sweden (now Linnaeus University) as pleasant as it was; and last but not least, the colleagues and friends of the University of Georgia who have converted the American ending of my PhD into an unforgettable experience. Thank ya’ll! "We cannot win this battle to save species and environments without forging an emotional bond between ourselves and nature as well - for we will not fight to save what we do not love." Stephen Jay Gould (1941 – 2002) "Nature first, then theory. Or, better, Nature and theory closely intertwined while you throw all your intellectual capital at the subject. Love the organisms for themselves first, then strain for general explanations, and, with good fortune, discoveries will follow. If they don't, the love and the pleasure will have been enough." Edward Osborne Wilson (1929) CONTENTS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 13 RESUM ....................................................................................................................................... 21 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 29 Defining wetland ..................................................................................................................... 29 Ecological relevance of wetlands ............................................................................................ 29 Decline of wetlands in a changing world ................................................................................ 31 Wetland creation and biodiversity offsetting .......................................................................... 32 Man-made wetlands and temporal scales: colonization and succession ................................. 35 Spatial effects of colonization/succession of man-made wetlands .......................................... 38 Links between the spatial and temporal components .............................................................. 39 New methodological approaches ............................................................................................ 41 AIMS AND THESIS OUTLINE ................................................................................................ 43 CHAPTERS AND PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 1. Spatial and temporal patterns of pioneer macrofauna in recently created ponds: taxonomic and functional approaches ......................................................................................... 46 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 47 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 48 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................ 50 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 58 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 67 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 73 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 73 Appendix ................................................................................................................................. 45 CHAPTER 2. Nestedness and successional trajectories of macroinvertebrate assemblages in created wetlands .......................................................................................................................... 81 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................
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