THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA san JANUARY• 1970 One Dollar For some time we have been concerned that the editorial • The Georgetown Rice Planters on the Eve of the Civil War by Dr. format of Sandlapper-The Magazine of South Carolina George C. Rogers Jr. of the University of South Carolina. would not permit us to present extensive historical mate­ • Waddel Academy-Frontier Outpost of Scholarship by Dr. Robert rial. S. McCully of Charleston. Thus, we conceived the idea of a companion publication • The Best Friend of Charleston by H. Carter Siegling of to Sandlapper; that is, South Carolina History Illustrated, a Charleston. quarterly publication devoted exclusively to in-depth, pro­ • Henry Timrod: Poet Laureate of the Confederacy by Burrell M. fusely illustrated historical articles (each written for the E Iii son Jr. of Lancaster. popular audience by an authority in his field). and hard­ • Florence Harllee-First Lady of Florence by Virginia Ravenel of bound to provide a permanent reference for future genera­ Florence. tions. • South Carolina Expatriates in Brazil by Prof. Tom Crowson of Whether you are well versed in the historical legacy of Winthrop College. South Carolina, whether you are seeking a verbal and visual • South Carolina's Forty-Day State Capital by Evelyn McD. Frazier introduction to those forebears (the famous, the infamous of Walterboro. and the plain folk) who shaped the state's history, or Other writers scheduled to appear in coming issues include: whether you are interested in understanding the momen­ Charles E. Lee, director ·of the S.C. Department of Archives and tous decisions that made our past and influenced our History; Dr. Daniel W. Hollis of the University of South Carolina; future, South Carolina History Illustrated is a must. W.D. Workman, editor of The State newspaper; Prof. M. Foster Farley of Newberry College; Dr. Lewis P. Jones of Wofford College; The exciting format will make use of abundant illustra­ and many other well-known South Carolina historians. tions: little-known photographs, fine old paintings, wood­ cuts, engravings, posters and political cartoons, many in South Carolina History Illustrated Subscription lifelike color. Enclosed is a check for $12.00. (S.C. residents add 4% sales tax.) Subscribe now and be assured of receiving the first issue Please enter my subscription for one year. of this handsome, hardbound quarterly, scheduled for publication in February. A year's subscription is $12.00 Name including postage and handling. (Individual copies will sell Address ______for $4.00 plus 25 cents postage and handling.) City ______State _____ Zip Code __ Some articles scheduled for the first issue of South Carolina History 11 lustrated include: Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202 Your C&S Master Charge card gets you more things in a good night's sleep-since it's fully protected against more states than any other charge card. loss or theft. It gets you to California on a jet. Or to Grandma's on a Yet the best thing C&S Master Charge gets you is a full tank of gas. greatly improved opinion of bank cards. But don't just take It gets you a room on the road , a night on the town, a our word. Phone your nearest C&S branch for details. And hearty meal , a Sunday suit, a potted palm, an easy chair, judge it for all it's worth! a doctor's prescription and instant cash from any of the more than 1000 member banks flying the Interbank sign. See C&S ... the"action bank THE CITIZENS & SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANK OF SOUTH CAROLINA MEMBER F 0.1.c In fact, your C&S Master Charge card can even get you An derson • Greenvi lle · Charleston • Flo rence • Columbia • Myrtle Beach • Inman Darlington • Camden • Spartanburg · Sumter· Greer· Rock Hill • Conway • Gaffney It gets you everY.thing but a headache.

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:;.;. -- .-- --..,, THE CITIZENS & SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANK OF SOUTH CAROLINA MEMBERF.0.1.c SOME PEOPLE THINI< THIS IS OUR HEADQUARTERS. It may be because of our name. Many of our own customers private enterprise. The money we South Carolina Electric and Gas don't even know this. got for our services in 1968 pro­ Company. Many don't know that they pay vided $21.6 million in taxes. Gives the impression we're a the lowest possible rates because As a private enterprise, we have branch of the State Government. we have to remain competitive in to satisfy our customers' needs, We're not. order to remain successful. Many meet our payroll, improve our We're a company. A company aren't aware that superior service facilities and manage our stock­ owned by thousands of individ­ is the result of a sound business holders' monies without help from uals. A company which has to philosophy-not government pres­ any government - local, state, or answer to these individuals who sure. federal. Yet our tax dollars go to invest their money, and their Many have the notion that we help them. faith, in our ability to run a busi­ get by without paying taxes. Not We wouldn't have it any other ness. so. We pay taxes like any other way. THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA @,ufruu's san-- apper. Antique ~allerien

READERS COMMENTS 4 NEXT MONTH 6 A MANSION IN THE CLASSICAL MANNER 7 Jennie C. Dreher EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION 12 Henry J. Cauthen A BARREL OF FLOUR 15 Patricia G. McNeely LAKE MURRAY 17 Larry Cribb TRINITY CHURCH 20 Augustus T. Graydon One of many genuine POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE CAPITAL CITY 25 Handmade Oriental Rugs SOJOURN OF A in our showrooms. FUTURE PRESIDENT IN COLUMBIA 27 Albert Davis Chances are we have FORT JACKSON 30 Larry Cribb your favorite rug in stock THE COLUMBIA LYRIC THEATRE 33 Helen B. King 926-930 GERVAIS ST. COLUMBIA-THE OLD AND THE NEW 36 PHONE 252°7927 SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF 46 COLUMBIA, 5. C. COLUMBIA LANDMARKS 48 Marie Fenner SOUTH CAROLINA: A SYNOPTIC HISTORY FOR LAYMEN 51 Lewis P. Jones COLUMBIA MUSEUM OF ART 57 Marian S. Marsh THE DOLL LADY 60 Patricia G. McNeely SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE 64 COLUMBIA'S CHANGING SKYLINE 66 Russell Maxey PALMETTO QUIZ 72 EVENTS 74 INTERESTING, UNUSUAL ITEMS AND SERVICES 78 RESIDENTIAL PUBLISHER Robert Pearce Wilkins EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Delmar L. Roberts SALES AND RENTALS EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Albert Davis EVENTS EDITOR Beth Littlejohn STAFF ARTIST Michael F. Schumpert ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE Heyward Fort COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES CIRCULATION MANAGER Rose T. Wilkins CIRCULATION ASSISTANTS Harry D. Hull, Kathryn F. Little Celia S. Truesdale, Anne Watson Member of STAFF ASSISTANT Mona Simpson Multiple SANDLAPPER is published monthly by Sandlapper Press, Inc., Robert Pearce Wilkins, president; Listing Dan K. Dukes Jr., vice president and general manager; Edward T. O'Cain, vice president printing; Delmar L. Roberts, vice president editorial; Rose T. Wilkins, vice president and secretary. Service

SANDLAPPER-THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, January 1970, Volume 3, Number 1. Published monthly by Sandlapper Press, Inc. Offices and printing plant located on U.S. 378, West Columbia, S.C. MAILING ADDRESS: All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to 1400 Laurens Road P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. Return postage must accompany all manuscripts, drawings and photographs submitted if they are to be returned. Query before submitting material. No Box 8244 - Station A responsibility assumed for unsolicited materials. Second-class postage paid at Columbia, S.C. Sub­ scription rates: $9 a year in the United States and possessions; foreign countries, $12. Add 4% sales Phone 803 - 239-1346 tax for South Carolina subscriptions. © 1970 by Sandlapper Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission. Sandlapper is a registered Greenville, South Carolina 29607 trademark.

January 1970 3 Remember the old days READERS when telephones looked like this? COMMENTS

Sandlapper welcomes letters to the editor on matters of general in­ terest. We ask that the letters be held to 150 words or less. Excerpts Telephones and from this month's letters are pre­ telephone services have sented below. come a long way since. So have Columbia and The article in the November issue South Carolina. We're proud about the Belton Standpipe was to be a part of and share well written and I, as a native of in furthering this growth. Belton, greatly appreciate it. My We look forward to our brother, George W. Cox, did fall 100 feet to the ground level when mutual progress together. the standpipe was being built in 1909, and he was only slightly in­ jured because the fall was broken @ Southern Bell by inside scaffolding. However, he was never (as stated) a member of the Baptist General Board in Nash­ ville. For many years he was man­ ager of the College and Specialist Bureau of the Southern Teachers' Agency in Memphis, where he died in 1958. Another slight error in the last paragraph. There are still a few old timers in Belton who remember when the standpipe was built in 1909. That was only 60 years ago.

Luther B. Cox Belton, South Carolina

The article on the Belton Stand­ pipe by John Bigham was very authentic and interesting. I saw this standpipe being built during the first decade of the pres­ ent century. The standpipe is built of reinforced concrete, and as I re­ call was built by a Mr. King of Greenville.

J. Roy Pennell Spartanburg, South Carolina

I would like to add my words of

4 Sandlapper praise to those given Miss Florence I hope that we may see more aid what the soldier is firing, and from Epps in the November "Sand­ given to expand speech therapy a rather exposed position, I might lapper"-("Them 'Purty' Words," services in the public schools. add. One gets the impression he page 63). thought he was on the decks of a She was a source of inspiration Joan Herring man-of-war instead of in the middle to me several years ago when she Lake View High School of a flat field. spoke and gave a demonstration Reading Laboratory It is difficult to believe that any­ speech lesson at St. Andrew's Lake View, South Carolina one's navy could have sailed upriver School, Myrtle Beach, where I was as far as Camden; and, the picture a young, inexperienced reading of the Colonial Army hauling the teacher. Her love and zeal for lan­ I enjoyed your September piece up from the nearest port over guage and teaching were unmis­ article, "A New Look For Cam­ what passed for roads in those days takable and contagious. den," but I am puzzled by the inset flings my imagination on a soaring Your article renewed my sorely picture on page 28. flight of fancy. tried zeal for the beauty of good Exactly what kind of battle was If such guns were really used at speech and good teaching. It also re-enacted at Camden, a town miles the battle of Camden, how did they renews my faith that people like from the nearest seaport, where Miss Epps are, after all, appreciated. naval cannon were used? That is (Continued on page 79)

January 1970 5 Next Month in sandlapper

Marion County Renovates Its Courthouse

HOLIDAY INN By Clemson, S. C. Lucy M. Joyner

·=··=··=··=··=··=··=··=··=··:.. :•:••:··=··=··=··=·=··:.. :••:••:••:•: SANDLAPPER LOUNGE •:••:••: .. ;.. ;.. :.. :.. :••: .. :.. :... :.. :.. :••: .. :.. :•:••:•:•: .. :••:•: Wings For banquet and room And Wheels reservations call Museum 803-6!'i4-'1450 By Brenda Moulton

VISIT HISTORIC Fire Talking Woman I FORT By Helen Fenninger ~ SUMTER The Meher Spiritual Center NATIONAL MONUMENT By Fred Trask CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA ~4~'2-:- First-Class Felines A colorful boat trip is your introduction to By Jackie Odom this famous fort where the Civil War began. A guided tour is conducted by National Park Historians. Only tour boat to leave Ft. Sumter Municipal Marina daily. Write for brochures or call CALENDAR OF EVENTS Fort Sumter Tours P. 0. Box 59 • Art • Theatre • Tours Charleston, South Carolina • Music • Sports • Fairs Phone(803) 722-1691 • Lectures • Dance • Horse Shows

6 Sand lap per AMANSION IN THE CLASSICAL hen Ainsley Hall's house in downtown Columbia was Wthreatened with demolition in MANNER 1962, few of the state's citizens knew its origin or history. Standing By Jennie Clarkson Dreher in the center of the four-acre block bounded by Pickens, Henderson, Blanding and Taylor streets, sur­ • rounded by rubble of the recently dem91ished dormitories of the old Presbyterian Theological Seminary (a former owner), the house be­ came really visible for the first time in almost a century and a half. Yet, even in its dilapidated state, the classical lines of the stylish brick structure demanded a recognition of elegance.

The soft plum-violet of the dining room walls sets off the rich crimson sheen of the draperies and represents the strong tones coming into popularity in the early 1800s. The white marble mantel is Eng­ lish; the American overmantel mirror was originally in a Charleston house; and the case top secretary is a representative 1790 Charleston-made piece. The table is set with an English china dessert set and handsome silver candelabra and mirrored plateau, also English.

The Historic Columbia Foun­ dation, well aware of the house and holding thoroughly documented proof that the house was a Robert Mills design-and one of the capital city's few mansions to survive the erties-the Woodrow Wilson Boy­ necessary to comm1ss1on "a fine fire of 1865-miraculously raised hood Home at 1705 Hampton St. house" for his wife, Sarah Good­ the funds necessary to purchase the (reopened to the public last No­ wyn; and Robert Mills, designer of city block. The newly incorporated vember) and the Boylston House the house, the first native-born foundation was aided in its efforts and Boxwood Gardens at 829 Rich­ American architect who trained in by Richland County and the city of land St., presently serving as offices this country, studying under James Columbia. The Richland County for the South Carolina Tricen­ Hoban and Benjamin Latrobe. Historic Preservation Commission tennial Commission. "As a result of a chain of circum­ was created by an act of the Gen­ Historically, two men were re­ stances and Hall's untimely death, eral Assembly to be the official sponsible for the building of the the house never served its original supervisory organization. Over Hall mansion: Ainsley Hall, a native purpose as a private residence. So 4,000 donors, not only from South of Northumberland, England, the personality most intimately Carolina but from many other whose success as a merchant and associated with the structure is its states, contributed funds for the businessman gave him the funds architect. In an ironic sense, Mills, original purchase, the restoration of the house and outbuildings, and the -Photos by Richard Taylor development of the garden. The classical mansion, carefully restored with architectural services provided by the S. C. Chapter of the American Institute of Archi­ tects, now serves as a museum. Although the furnishings are not complete, the collection includes some fine pieces of English, French and American furniture dating from the early 1820s. Most furnishings were acquired through donations, bequests and loans. One of the reconstructed out­ buildings serves as headquarters for the Historic Columbia Foundation, whose program includes not only the promotion and encouragement I of historic preservation but which I now administers two other prop- I I I I Above: View of the Ainsley Hall house !-I showing the Blanding Street entrance. Right: View of the Taylor Street entrance.

January 1970 9 in designing this house, created his A marble pedestal with a bust of Apollo own monument"-thus, a pamphlet has been placed in the niche in the en­ of the Historic Columbia Foun­ trance hall. Classical statuary was most popular in the early 1800s. dation records the unusual story of the famous house. Mills, born in Charleston, was with pilaster trim on the first. The then in Columbia serving on the straight forward plan has four large Board of Public Works with the rooms to a floor with fashionable title of Civil and Military Engineer curved ends to the matching draw­ of the State. He later was appointed ing rooms and entrance hall on the to the post of Federal Architect principal story. The plan shows and his extraordinary talents and Mills' genius for creating inviting superior standards influenced spaciousness in a small area." American architecture and left a The Articles of Agreement great legacy. His genius produced (found in the South Caroliniana the Washington Monument in our Library at USC) are thoroughly nation's capital, several handsome detailed, and Mills' role as a pro­ governmental buildings in Washing­ fessional architect is defined by his ton and throughout the country, provision that the work performed and innumerable churches, hos­ was to be agreeable to his "designs pitals, monuments, bridges, houses and instruction." Regrettably, the and institutional buildings. whereabouts of the architect's Columbia is fortunate to have drawings is not known. The sched­ two structures and one monument ule and description of the carpentry known to be the works of Robert work referred to in the agreement Mills-the original building of the of 1823 between Ainsley Hall and the classical style of the 1820s. The South Carolina State Hospital, the carpenter Charles Beck, and wit­ colors, fabrics, and objects d'art, Jonathan Maxcy monument on the nessed by Robert Mills, include reflecting the taste of an English­ University of South Carolina details of construction for the main born gentleman, are well coor­ campus, and the Ainsley Hall house, its basement, principal and dinated with the careful detailing House. chamber stories, the roof, the privy provided by the architect. The house Mills designed for Hall and smokehouse. The dominant feature of the is two-storied on an elevated base­ Three existent lists describe in house is the first floor and all archi­ ment. The front facade on Blanding detail the materials used in Hall's tectural elements exterior and in­ Street impresses one by the nobility new house. One is an undated gen­ terior point up its importance. Mey­ of the classic Ionic "temple" por­ eral estimate for construction ma­ ric Rogers, prominent international tico with its four columns resting terials, probably by Mills, although historian who generously gave his on a raised brick arcade. The rear not signed. A bill for ironmongery professional services to the restora­ (garden side) entrance on Taylor is undated and unidentified, al­ tion work, describes it as follows. Street has a striking seven-bay, though an item in the general ledger "This striving for unity around a arched porch referred to in the for the construction indicates that dominant first floor is characteristic carpentry agreement as the "south the hardware was ordered from of the new classicism based on that colonnade." England. Included were "plated of the Roman Republic as intro­ In the "Journal of the Society of knobs," which are silvered and still duced into this country by Thomas Architectural Historians," the fol­ in use in the house. Jefferson in both domestic (Monti­ lowing description is given. "The In restoring the house the Foun­ cello) and public buildings (Univer­ center bay is slightly wider and dation made thorough use of all sity of Virginia). It was considered emphasizes an unusual entry in the known documents. The records of that the social life of the citizen of form of a concave recess with two the building committee of the Pres­ the new American Republic should doors separated by a niche in be­ byterian Theological Seminary, the center around the principal floor, his tween. A concave ribbed arch-head measured drawings of Hall's house private life confined to the chamber creates a partial dome effect. The rendered by the Historical Amer­ story, and his service to the ground windows of the house are also typ­ ican Building Survey in the 1930s, floor. The Hall house is one of the ical of Mills. In front they are set in drawings of several other Mills' clearest and simplest statements of recessed brick arches on the first buildings on file in the Library of this Jeffersonian ideal. floor; while the rear has the popular Congress, were all consulted. "The entrance hall is a rectangle, three-part Venetian windows of the Visitors to the historic house about twice as long as broad, not period on both floors, enriched today can see rooms furnished in running through the house but ter-

10 Sandlapper minating in a semicircular wall with a words, the form of the hall leads into "The terms American Empire, central apsidal (round headed) the house rather than through it as in Late Classic Revival and Regency niche. [A marble pedestal with an the earlier style. have been applied to furnishings of Italian bust of Apollo has been "The symmetry of the two door­ this period 1810 to 1845 which placed here, classical statuary being ways on each side of the hall-this covers a variety of substyles all how­ most popular during this period.] balance calls for a false second door ever concerned with a strong recall Doors flanking this niche open east on the right to balance that leading of Greek and Roman forms. In some and west into double parlors or to the stair hall on the left. The stair­ cases these were elaborately orna­ salons which give in turn onto the way is no longer a dominant feature mented, some kept severely simple, garden porch or gallery. This ar­ of the hall but is concealed from the and some mixed with a strong exotic rangement contrasts with that of the view of the visitor behind a door, in or whimsical element such as ap­ 18th century through-hall and accord with the new classic mode peared particularly in the furnishing creates a feeling of space and ex­ just mentioned. [Also, this location of the Royal Pavillion in Brighton, pected expansion greater than the aids in climate control-a factor England, for the Prince Regent. In actual dimensions might permit. which interested Mills greatly and general the style is marked by a ten­ This sense of organization and ex­ caused the north-south placement of dency to strong colors and heavy and pansion from the central hall is rein­ the house on the block. An interest­ rather simple forms in figured ma­ forced by the colors used on this ing note here is the fact that the area hogany and rosewood. Gilt bronze wall. The yellow hall is central to the way between the flooring on the applied ornaments frequently re­ blues and greens of the salons facing main story and the ceiling of the placed carving and many new, often the south and the soft plums and ground floor is filled with cedar shav­ elegant combinations of motifs ap­ reds used in the flanking north ings. This serves not only as insula­ pear in the search for novelty and rooms to the east and west. In other tion but also acts to repel insects.] smartness." Mills' genius for classical building has enriched the eastern seaboard of our nation, and a visit to this historic

-Photos by Richard Taylor museum established in his honor will Left: On the ground floor is the warming demonstrate one facet of the re­ kitchen. Since Mills made the house fire markable man who was among the resistant he was able to take advantage of first to envision a railroad for South the space on this floor to have a small Carolina; who gave the nation its kitchen to implement the larger one in the outbuilding. This arrangement is re­ first fireproof building; who made ferred to as an English basement. Here the advanced studies in acoustics; who food for the family table was given the prepared an early South Carolina last touches of sauces, warming, etc., be­ "Atlas" with its related study, "Sta­ fore being taken to the dining room. Be­ low: The family dining room or summer tistics"; and who was acclaimed at dining room is also on the ground floor. his death as a man who pursued his Here the furniture is less formal than the profession "with the enthusiasm of upstairs dining room. Notable pieces are genius, and with the patience of one a walnut corner cupboard, made in North who is resolved to achieve the high­ Carolina, a walnut drop leaf table, and a Windsor-type settee made in Fairfield est excellence." County. The table is set with china of an The Historic Columbia Founda­ early Wedgwood pattern, "Bramble." tion has attempted to follow his principles. It is hoped that, during a tour of the Robert Mills Historic House in downtown Columbia, some measure of his genius will be com­ municated, and that through ap­ preciation the visitor may take a little of that greatness unto himself. Mrs. James F. Dreher is a past presi­ dent of the Historic Columbia Foun­ dation and currently is serving on its Board of Trustees. She is the secre­ tary of the Richland County Historic Preservation Commission and a member of the Board of Advisors of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. 11 EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION - rom toddlers to grandmothers, series for children from kinder­ WRLK-TV, channel 35, Columbia; unskilled laborers to practicing garten through the 12th grade. WJPM-TV, channel 33, Florence­ Fsurgeons, the mentally retarded The value of television as an Darlington; WNTV, channel 29, to the gifted, all persons find serv­ effective instructional tool has been Greenville; WEBA-TV, channel 14, ices and subjects of interest on the substantiated by communications Allendale-Barnwell; and WITV, South Carolina Educational Tele­ researchers such as Wilbur channel 7, Charleston. In addition, vision Network. Schramm, but perhaps more con­ students in the Rock Hill area are The first and most comprehen­ vincingly by mothers of pre-school­ served by a translator which picks sive statewide educational television ers whose first memorized verse is a up the signal from channel 35 in facility in the world, S.C. ETV has jingle from television and whose Columbia and relays it to Rock Hill expanded in the past 11 years from product demands stem more di­ over channel 55. a two-program offering to students rectly from television commercials Elementary school series are tele­ in one Columbia high school, to a than from experience. cast on the average once or twice full six channels of programming The specific value of television in each week and are about 15 to 20 designed for a more diversified the classroom comes from its abil­ minutes in length. Subject areas viewership than that of any existing ity to bring-through films, pictures covered include mathematics, lan­ television operation. and demonstrations-activities that guage arts, social studies, science, As one of the few South Carolina would otherwise not be available in art and music. Some of the lessons "firsts" in education, S.C. ETV has the majority of schools. With the are designed to present basic in­ been the focus of visitors from all costs of education skyrocketing, it struction, while others are meant to corners of the earth who have is certainly more feasible to present present enriching experiences in studied its unique statewide trans­ an effective biology dissection fields covered by the classroom mission systems and wide variety of once, put it on tape with close-ups teacher. program services. where necessary, and disseminate The state's teachers and school Major emphasis at S.C. ETV the experiment to thousands of administrators are provided detailed remains on providing instructional high school students. Through lesson guides for each of the tele­ resources for schools in the state. instructional television, students vision series. Included in these These telelessons range from a can also be exposed to more activ­ booklets are suggestions for the lively daily series for pre-schoolers ities which would otherwise require classroom teacher in preparing her to management training for tech­ elaborate field trips-an expense class for viewing the lesson, activ­ nical education students; from art too few schools can afford. ities to follow up the lesson, and for second graders to advanced biol­ Programs for the elementary supplementary materials available ogy for high school students. In all, schools are telecast over the net­ on the subject matter, as well as an the network offers 59 different work's five broadcast stations, outline of what is presented by

12 Sand lapper By Henry J. Cauthen ·a South CaroUna ~First~~

television. hour programs each school day. both broadcast and closed-circuit Telelessons for the state's junior Following the close of the school networks so that teachers may view and senior high schools are trans­ day, the network's facilities do not the programs while still at school or mitted over a statewide closed­ go idle. In fact, for over 50 hours while at home. circuit network with the capability each week, ETV transmits programs Later afternoon hours are uti­ of carrying six programs simultan­ for use by other than public school lized for industrial training, basic eously into every school connected students. Other major priorities for adult education courses and pro­ to the cable. Such a system was telecasting include continuing pro­ grams for the general public. chosen for secondary schools to fessional education for teachers, Public television has just recently enable more flexible use of tele­ doctors, lawyers, dentists, pharma­ come into national prominence as a vision by the teachers. With an of­ cists, law enforcement officers and potential source of continuing fering in each school of some 35 to other specialized personnel. Series information, both cultural and sub­ 5 0 courses, most of which are aiding management in business and jective. S.C. ETV has for several taught at several different time industry, series providing infor­ years received selected programs periods during the day, it would be mation concerning operation of the from the National Educational most difficult for a teacher to ar­ state government, and series dis­ Television Network but, until fund­ range her schedule for use of tele­ cussing cultural and public affairs, ing from the Corporation for Public vision at only one specific time. also garner the network's interest. Broadcasting last year made NET At present, the multi-channel Teacher in-service education by an actual network, these offerings capability of the closed-circuit net­ television takes several forms as do were limited. At present, approx­ work is in limited operation due to the other areas of ETV's resources. imately 10 hours of programming lack of sufficient funds. However, Some series are designed to corre- from NET is carried over S.C. ETV schools in Greenville, Florence, 1ate specifically with a televised stations each week, much as part of Darlington and Spartanburg coun­ course for students; others are of a nationwide interconnection of ties have had the opportunity to re­ general interest to all teachers; still ETV stations. ceive multi-channeled offerings others are designed specifically for Program offerings for the general from the ETV Center and have certification or postgraduate college public tend towards specialization, dramatically increased enrollment credit. All are selected, developed with the network attempting to in ETV cour as as a result. and scheduled under the direction present particular needs, problems One of ETV's major legislative of the Office of Instructional Tele­ and solutions on a variety of requests is to enable each secondary vision of the State Department of subjects. school in the state to be equipped Education, as are the in-school For the youngsters, there is fun to receive all six channels; this series. These programs for teachers and information available for sev­ would provide them with 84 half- are telecast each afternoon over eral hours each evening, including

January 1970 13 such favorites as "Sesame Street," The programs are viewed either at are made possible through federal the series designed to equip pre­ the local police department or at a or private foundation grants. schoolers with the basics necessary nearby school connected to the Business and industrial series are for successful entrance into the first cable. Accompanying each program made possible through the Educa­ grade. Other popular shows are the is a lesson outline to aid discussion tion al Resources Foundation, "June Bugg Show," for kinder­ leaders in directing post-telecast which also provides supplementary garten and primary level children; activities. printed materials to subscribing in­ the perennial hit "Misterogers' Interest in this training series has dustries. Neighborhood," for five to eight stretched beyond the state's borders. A weekly hour of programming year olds; and "What's New," Both North Carolina and Vermont is produced by the Southern Edu­ which covers subjects from life in have requested several of the pro­ cational Communication Associa­ Lappland to American folk music. grams on loan until similar programs tion, a network of 54 stations in 14 For adults, there is a wide variety can be established in their states. southern states. At its founding two of general interest programs cover­ Last fall the Israeli government re­ years ago, SECA chose to locate its ing the music spectrum from Cash quested tapes on riot control for production and transmission head­ to Bach; art from South Carolina's possible use in that country. quarters in Columbia, adjacent to Jasper Johns to Rembrandt; dance Programs for physicians are devel­ the S.C. ETV Center. from Martha Graham to the Nation­ oped in cooperation with the Med- A series of public affairs specials, al Ballet of Canada; and including several "Legislative political viewpoints from Profiles," in-depth interviews Buckley to Theodore White. with state legislative commit­ People, places and activ­ tee chairmen, have been pro­ ities in our native state are duced through a grant from often spotlighted on regular the Corporation for Public weekly programs such as Broadcasting. Programs such "Off The Cuff," and special as this and "S.C. History" are documentaries such as a tour often used for in-school tele­ of the Governor's Mansion. casts as well as for evening Homemakers find helpful viewing. hints from state consumer Future plans for the net­ specialists on "At Home" and work cover as broad a spec­ from the national kitchen trum as past and present activ­ heroine, "The French Chef." ities. As of last fall, the net­ Cooperating with other work became capable of trans­ state agencies, the network mitting color programs on a seeks to make available infor­ statewide basis and it is hoped mation on job openings. The A free monthly subscription to S.C. ETV Network's that color production facil­ Emmy-award winning "Job program guide can be obtained upon request to the ities will be available within Man Caravan" is mid-way station at 2712 Millwood Ave., Columbia, S.C. 29205. the next year. through its second Ford As enrollment in ETV pub­ Foundation-sponsored season, pre­ ical University of South Carolina and lic school courses approaches the senting job training and availability are telecast twice monthly over both half-million mark this year, the weekly to the background of soul broadcast and closed-circuit net­ network hopes to provide multi­ music, along with interviews with works for optimum coverage. Many channel service to all the secondary some of the state's unemployed of the state's hospitals as well as sev­ schools in the state and to continue youth. eral departments at the Medical Uni­ its aid in ensuring that television re­ Specialized training made avail­ versity are connected to the network ceivers are available in each of the able through the closed-circuit net­ cable. state's public schools. work-when it is not being utilized A proposed statewide medical In long-range planning, further de­ for public school programs-include ETV network is in the planning velopment of all aspects of the net­ series designed for law enforcement stages with hopes that federal fund­ work's operation is projected, so that officers and postgraduate informa­ ing could make this full-color, every citizen in the state will have tion for physicians. phone-feedback system a reality. an opportunity to enjoy maximum The Law Enforcement Training Although operating funds for the benefit from this outstanding me­ Program, the first of its type in the S.C. ETV Network are appropriated dium of information and education. nation, provides a program each each year through the state legisla­ month for the personnel in all of the ture, several major activities, such Henry J. Cauthen is general manager state's law enforcement divisions. as the "Job Man Caravan" series, of the S.C. ETV Network.

14 Sand lap per By Patricia 0. McNeely field hand working on the plan­ tation of Will Harris in Green­ Awood County in 1904 signed an "X" on a payroll sheet. The planta­ tion owner's niece, Wil Lou Gray, looked in amazement at the signa­ ture. "Did you get to go to school when you were young?" she asked. The field hand shook his head. "I'd give what I'll make this year to go to school." The "X" on the payroll sheet has been etched in the mind of Miss Wil Lou for over half a century now, and her crusade against illiteracy has reached into every part of South Carolina. -Photos by Maxie Roberts

could only have 10 because he had ACCOMPLISHMENTSHE~ to send one to every person on a BEGAN WITH BARREL rural route. He didn't believe me when I said that one out of every four persons on those rural routes couldn't read or write." OF FLOUR It was such lack of support that finally led Miss Wil Lou to accept a high paying position in Montgom­ ery County, Maryland. The late Richard I. Manning was Miss Wil Lou, who began teach­ observation that she was being "un­ the first governor who realized the ing in a rural school in Greenwood ladylike." magnitude of illiteracy in South County, has not been afraid to "I remember that first night as Carolina. His first State Illiteracy tackle anyone - including gover­ though it were yesterday," Miss Wil Commission was so overwhelmed nors and senators - in her some­ Lou recalls. "We waited at the by the extent of illiteracy in the times lonely fight against illiteracy. school for our adult students to state that all the members resigned. She is 86 years old now, and come. Nobody came, and we wait­ Manning appointed a second com­ even though she has spent the last ed and waited. I was almost ready mission, which turned in dispair to decade helping senior citizens, the to give up. And then, through the Miss Wil Lou. vision of thousands of South Caro­ darkness, we saw lanterns coming There was no money at all for the linians who still cannot write their from everywhere. They were com­ schools, and almost none for Miss names still haunts her. ing to learn how to read and write." Wil Lou. She left a salary of $1,800 It was in Young's Township in Quickly, Miss Wil Lou organized per year in Maryland to accept a Laurens County that Miss Wil Lou other night schools. salary of $600 per year in South began her solitary fight against illit­ "I wrote to my congressman and Carolina. eracy. She trekked through plowed asked for farm bulletins," she said. There was hardly a road in South fields, went to every home, stopped "I believe in teaching from experi­ Carolina that Miss Wil Lou didn't at every door, asking anyone who ence. I wanted them to learn to travel in 1918. As field secretary couldn't read or write to come to read about farming, about 8-4-4 for the Illiteracy Commission, she night school. Nothing stopped her, fertilizer and tomatoes and pota­ traveled the state setting up adult not even her mother's frowning toes. But my congressman said I schools - in tobacco barns, cotton

January 1970 15 mill schools, crossroad stores - in came the first state director of the fact, in any space that was donated South Carolina branch of the Se­ near a place where people wanted nior Citizens of America. to learn. Her dreams have carried her to In 1923 she conducted a "Write the heart of South Carolinians. She Your Name" campaign that spread has eaten cold collards and corn­ throughout the state. bread and slept in lumpy shack When she could not find books beds in tenant farmers' homes; she for the type of classes she was has walked with senators and gover­ promoting, she wrote her own. nors. And her driving ambition for An all-day school for adults be­ others has caused her to forget came Miss Wil Lou's most beloved herself. dream in 1920. She thought if she Her filing system, which she has could have her adult students living never been able to understand, has together for even one month that always been her greatest obstacle. they could learn better English, "Wait," she is forever saying. "I appreciation of good books and have some information on that sub­ table manners, and an interest in ject. It's in my files." public affairs - in addition to the And it is - somewhere. basic education. telephoned her at her hotel to say She is always losing the keys to Her brother, Dial, a flour sales- that a wire had been received from her apartment and her car. And she man, gave her a barrel of flour. The the S. C. State Health Department has never owned more than one hat promise of help - even if it was just asking that the same property be at a time. Once when she had a a barrel of flour - was all she need- converted into a Venereal Disease speaking engagement, she looked ed. The first summer boarding Clinic. for her one and only hat. At the school for adults was established in Miss Wil Lou rushed back to last minute, she found it in her bed, South Carolina in 1921 under Miss Columbia. When the battle was where she had slept on it. She Wil Lou's loving guidance at the over, the land was leased to the pushed out the crown, reshaped the DAR School in Tamassee, which State Department of Education. edges a little and wore it to the she had "borrowed" for a month. Someone asked her chief oppo­ meeting. She borrowed other schools after nent in the Health Department how Through her life, she has con­ that - Lander, Erskine, Wofford, he had let harmless looking Miss vinced thousands of people to go Winthrop and Clemson. Gray get the best of him. back to school; she has worked side After attending one of the adult "Listen," the man said bitterly. by side with sharecroppers in the schools, one man said, "I am a "Have you ever had this woman fields to raise money for her be­ grandfather. I am a great-grand­ stand between you and the door?" loved schools. She once planted father, but I am not too old to After that Miss Wil Lou spent all Lookout potatoes and convinced learn. The first sentence in my her time opening doors - to adults members of the board of trustees of 'Bible Story Reader' was 'God who longed to write their names, to her school to help gather the pota­ made man.' " read their Bibles. During that first toes out of the fields. The eyes that were raised in hope year (1948), 213 students attended She has painted, mopped and to Miss Wil Lou gave her a new the Opportunity School, and each scrubbed buildings of every variety dream: a dream of a permanent year since then an average of over to provide a place for tenant farm­ adult education school which she 30 students have received a high ers to learn to compute the amount wanted to name "The Opportunity school diploma. of fertilizer they would need for School." Miss Wil Lou "retired" in August crops the next year. A 998-acre site with 218 build­ 1957. She planned to spend her "We've never caught up yet," she ings was vacated on the outskirts of time traveling, but on her first trip, said. "The 'better' people have not Columbia in 1948 when the Colum­ which was to Washington, D. C., been willing to face the issues bia Army Air Base was deactivated. she met Dr. Elmer J. Morgan, direc­ squarely. If they had cooperated, When Miss Wil Lou heard about tor of the Senior Citizens of Ameri­ with everybody holding hands, we this, she left on the next plane for ca. could have done more. It is easily Washington to plead for the prop­ Astonished at the needs of the possible to eliminate poverty erty. Just as she contentedly was elderly, she returned to South Caro­ through education. We still have thinking that the property was to lina with another vision. She be- vast numbers of illiterate people. belong to the S. C. Department of We've all got to work together. Education for her adult school, the Patricia G. McNeely is on the staff There's still so much that must be late U. S. Senator Burnet Maybank of the Columbia Record. done."

16 Sand lap per - Photo by Gary Thomas, Contest Winner, Honorable Mention

LAKE MURRAY

A place to get awa~ from it all

.. .; 8 . !• ....N. I!' ..,c z•

~~.. z -0.. "'z ~Cl... z ~ -=D• ~ ention Lake Murray to different people, and you get varied reactions. z. MTo some Lake Murray is swimming, water skiing and other water BbJ Larrl:J sports. To some it is fishing-a place generally recognized as one of LJ the best in the nation for black bass, white bass, crappie and bream. To others it is a cabin perfect for a weekend hideway, a chance to get the en tire Cribb family together in a spot which has something to offer every member. January 1970 17 -Photo courtesy Greater Columbia Chamber of Commerce

Lake Murray provides water to feed Saluda hydroelectric turbines (see closeup at left) and to supply cooling for McMeekin Steam Plant. These facilities have an an· nual production capability of some 3.5 billion kilowatt hours of electrical power.

- Photo by Larry Cribb

Lake Murray is quiet solitude, or ous power reservoirs. It was named power. the excitement of happy children; in honor of William S. Murray, who However, SCE&G has always it is relaxation, or some of the most foresaw the tremendous power that recognized the tremendous recre­ strenuous activity imaginable; it is a could be harnessed by construction ational appeal offered by the lake, vacation spot for some, and one of of the Saluda Dam. and has followed a generous policy the biggest businesses in the state The lake is tremendous in every of helping the people of the state for others. respect. Covering an area of some enjoy it. The company has built Where did it all start? How did it 7 8 square miles, it encompasses eight public landings and recre­ come about? 65,000 acres of water, and boasts a ational areas which are open to the Somewhere deep in the Blue shoreline of 525 miles. It is the public without charge. There are Ridge Mountains an obscure crystal second largest lake in the state, out­ also some 40 commercial marinas clear stream begins its journey. ranked only by Lake Marion. and landings on the lake. Along the trip other streams join in Lake Murray, its islands, and Private homes, ranging from elab­ and the current begins to flow about one-third of its shoreline are orate retreats to temporary cabins stronger and stronger. This journey owned by Sou th Carolina Electric and mobile homes, dot the ex­ of water becomes known as the and Gas Co. McMeekin Station and tensive shoreline which juts its way Saluda River, and it forms Lake Saluda Hydro Plant, on the east end into four counties-Lexington, Murray. of the lake, have an annual pro­ Newberry, Richland and Saluda. In 1930 the Saluda was tamed to duction capability of some 3.5 bil­ In recent years, two major form one of the South's most fam- lion kilowatt hours of electrical boating events have increased the

18 Sand lapper popularity of Lake Murray. One of fisherman. Many families who love fers excellent potential for boating, these is the annual sailing regattas, the water for its beauty, as well as picnicking, fishing and swimming. which have been sponsored since its recreational opportunities, live Conifers and hardwood trees grow 1958 by the Columbia Sailing Club. at the lake all year. densely on the island, most of which These events attract skippers from During the spring and summer, is high land circumscribed by a throughout the Southeast. Lake Murray is a favorite gathering shoreline of more than 12 miles. Sev­ Another popular event which place for college and high school eral areas are suitable for use as brings in power boating enthusiasts students. They find it just as enjoy­ swimming beaches, and a number of from throughout the United States is able as the less accessible coastal coves offer ideal locations for boat the annual Lake Murray Marathon beaches. landings. race. Lake Murray's attractiveness will Lake Murray might be best de­ In January 1967, a federal grant be greatly enhanced in the next scribed as central South Carolina's made it possible to install navigation­ couple of years when a new state water playland. Thousands of new­ al hazard markers in the lake. Some park on Billy Dreher Island is comers each year indulge in the op­ 175 markers now help make boating opened to the public. The island is portunities it offers for fun and safe by identifying potential dangers a 345-acre site ( actually a cluster of excitement. What better place is such as stumps, blind areas, and sub­ one large island and two small ones) there to "get away from it all" for a merged islands and sandbars. that will be developed by the S.C. little while? South Carolina's mild climate Department of Parks, Recreation helps make Lake Murray a year­ and Tourism under a $1 per year, Larry Cribb is editor of the St. round attraction, especially for the long-term lease from SCE&G. It of- Andrews News.

Fishing, boating, skiing and swimming are available at central South Carolina's water playland. SCE&G has built eight public Ia ndings and recreational areas which are open to the public without charge; there are some 40 commercial landings.

January 1970 20 Sand lapper -Photo by G.T. Moore, Contest Winner, Honorable Mention

By Augustus T. Graydon

hree live oaks grow m the block Trinity's early families came. The across Sumter Street from the Gothic design of the church build­ Tpalmetto-lined grounds of South ing was borrowed from England, Carolina's State House. and Trinity's windows were shaded The great boughs of the Sire with stained glass from Germany. Oak, largest of the three and Out of this divergent ba~kground planted more than a century and a grew a great parish, but it was not half ago, shade the graves in the always thus. churchyard of Trinity Church, the Before the Revolution, the downtown Episcopal church Established Church-the Church of founded in Columbia in 1812; that England-had been a powerful force tree was planted when Trinity's in South Carolina. The 10 parishes original church building was com­ formed by the Church Act of 1706 pleted in 1814. became the political territories of Eighty years later, the Gothic colonial times, and large and com­ church begun in 1845 was com­ modious church buildings were pleted in its present form, and the erected not only in Charleston but second live oak was planted from throughout the tidewater area. the trees grown at Millwood by the Most settlers of Piedmont South third Wade Hampton. Carolina came down from Virginia Thirty years later-in 1925-the and Pennsylvania, and they brought third live oak was planted in front with them religious customs and of the present parish house, then practices typical of frontier areas. being erected to accommodate the Although Columbia had been se­ parish which had emerged from the lected as the capital city in 1786, Civil War and Reconstruction to be­ the General Assembly did not meet come the state's largest Episcopal there until 1790. The first congre­ parish. gation formed was the Presbyterian The three live oaks and the pal­ (1796), and the Baptists and Meth­ me ttoes which grow across the odists were organized before the street are not native to the Colum­ Episcopalians formed a church in bia area; these trees came from the Columbia. tidewater lands from which most of In his "historical Account" of

January 1970 21 the Episcopal Church in South Charleston, have likewise contrib­ large as that when the first Trinity Carolina, Bishop Albert Sidney uted to its adornment; and Elias was erected in 1814, the frame Thomas writes that the conse­ Lynch Horry, Esq. of Charleston, church had become inadequate. cration of Theodore Dehan as presented it with the Communion Col. E.B. White, a Charleston archi­ bishop of South Carolina in 1812 Plate, consisting of, a Flagon, tect and engineer, was employed to marked the end of "the 40 years of Chalice, and Paten. The present design a new church building; he wandering in the wilderness." For In cum bent, the Rev. Christian had proven his abilities in the de­ in that year, a quarter of a century Hanckell, has been their only Min­ sign of the steeple of St. Phillip's after the founding of Columbia and ister. He was appointed Nov. 29, and the Huguenot Church in four decades after the difficulties 1815, Professor of Mathematics and Charleston. Another of his church with England had begun to Natural Philosophy in the So. Ca. buildings was Grace Church, an explode, an Episcopal congregation College, but in consequence of a "uptown" Charleston church of finally came into being in Co­ late, and judicious regulation of the elaborate Gothic design. lumbia. Trustees, prohibiting the Professors The cornerstone of the present The young parish had many from holding parochial cures, he building was laid on Nov. 26, 1845, struggles, and Dr. Frederic Dalcho, will soon retire from the College, by Dr. Shand; and Brown and Dil­ whose history of the Episcopal and devote himself entirely to the lingham, the builders, completed Church in South Carolina was pub­ pastoral office. As the burden of his the two front towers designed after lished in 1820, gives this account of support will then fall solely upon those of York Minster and the pres­ Trinity's founding and early years: his Church, whose means, as yet, ent nave of the church. The larger "Columbia was founded by Act are small, the Protestant Episcopal church building meant growth and of Assembly 1786, and established Society have generously appro­ progress. But then came the dark as the seat of government of the priated $1000 per ann. for three shadows of secession, battles and a State. In 1812, the Protestant Epis­ years, in aid of their funds for the full-scale war. copal Society sent the Rev. Mr. support of their Minister, so soon as The war meant privations, but Fowler as their Missionary to this his connexion with the College shall the people of Trinity were opti­ town. He arrived there July 16, and cease." mistic: they added the two tran­ by the 5th Oct. 'he had collected a But Mr. Hanckell left in 1821 to septs and extended the chancel in considerable congregation, com­ return to Charleston and for a 1861 and 1862. As the war wore posed of very respectable members decade Trinity had no regular on, the economic effects were dev­ of the community, who appeared rector. Laymen had to carry much astating; in 1864 Trinity's ledger to attend public worship with great of the load, and Dr. Edward Fisher, showed an entry of $75 to "Fisher devotion, and seemed to be zealous a druggist and physician, and & Heinitsh for Port wine for Holy that all things should be done de­ Robert Stark, a lawyer and solic­ Communion." cently and in order.' Mr. Fowler itor, were appointed lay readers. Then came the episode which was greatly aided, by the active They were supposed to alternate in struck terror to all of South Caro­ co-operation of some zealous and reading the service, but on a Sun­ lina: Sherman's "terrible swift re spec table individuals, through day when Stark, then old and tired, sword" came out of Savannah into whose influence a congregation was was supposed to lead the prayers, South Carolina in early 1865. The collected. In 1814, a neat and com­ he refused. Dr. Fisher, who was obvious target was Charleston, and modious Church was built of wood, slightly deaf, emerged from the many Low-Country families sought by the liberality of several persons, Vestry, muttering in a voice which refuge in Columbia, but Sherman in various parts of the State, and resounded throughout the church: headed inland. In mid-February, was consecrated by the late Bishop "Damn a man who won't pray the capital city surrendered peace­ Dehan. The Rev. Mr. Lance, while when his time comes." fully as the remnant of Confederate preparing for the Ministry, offici­ The year was 1829, and it was a forces withdrew. Trinity's first ated in this Church, as a Lay­ dark period for the Episcopal parish soldier, Gen. Wade Hampton, coun­ Reader under the license of the which had been established 17 seled the citizens to remain in their Bishop, and was supported by an years earlier. Trinity's situation be­ city and wait out the situation. appropriation of the Society. came so desperate that the congre­ Because Sherman was a Catholic, "Gen. Wade Hampton generously gation welcomed a young lawyer, some enterprising Trinity laymen made the Church a donation of an Peter J. Shand of Charleston, as took down signs designating the organ, and upwards of $2000. The their lay reader in 1832. Two years church as an Episcopal parish, and Legislature of 1813, Gen. C.C. later, he was ordained and became papier mache crosses were placed Pinckney, Elias Horry and Peter Trinity's rector. on the edges of the church's roof. Smith, Esqrs. of Charleston, have By 1845 under Dr. Shand's The rectory, across the street, endowed it with lands. Mrs. Mary guidance and with Columbia's where the state office building now Gregorie and Mrs. Sarah Russell, of population more than five times as stands, was burned along with the

22 Sand lap per Building. Mr. Melcher also organ­ ized the staff to meet the needs of a growing parish; in 1948, he was elected missionary bishop of Brazil. The succeeding rectors were George M. Alexander, who left in 1956 to become dean of the School of Theology at the University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee; Gray Temple, who in 1961 was in­ stalled as bishop of South Carolina, and James Stirling, who came to Trinity from Palm Beach in the summer of 1961. In 1962, Trinity Church cele­ brated its 150th anniversary by in­ viting the House of Bishops to meet in Columbia; high point of that event was a great service at which -Trinity Church as depicted on a turn-of-the-century postcard Dr. Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, was the preacher. parish records, and Dr. Shand's en­ brant spiritual quality and an espe­ In more than a century and a treaties not to steal the silver went cial concern for the textile workers half, Trinity Parish has acquired unheeded. and Negroes of this area. In World land, built two churches and devel­ The Union army left as quickly War I, Dr. Finlay went to France oped a fine plant and raised hun­ as it had come, and Columbia lay with the A.E.F ., and shortly after dreds of thousands of dollars for desolate. The remaining Union his return, he became the first missionary work. But most impor­ cadre patrolled the city, and Dr. bishop of the newly organized Dio­ tant have been the men, women Shand prayed for the hated Abra­ cese of Upper South Carolina. and children who have learned, ham Lincoln as he was directed, but Harry Disbro Phillips, who had worshiped and prayed within its his congregation refused to kneel. been an all-Southern football star at walls. Next came the privations of Re­ Sewanee, became the rector in Today this old Gothic church construction; a decade later the 1922; under his leadership the par­ stands opposite South Carolina's third Wade Hampton became gov­ ish grew in spite of the depression. State House and adjacent to the old ernor, and the slow road to recov­ A new parish house, designed by quadrangle of the University of ery began. In 1886, after 52 years Hobart and Upjohn of New York, South Carolina. In these changing as rector, Dr. Shand, the grand old was completed in 1926 at a cost of times as government and education man of Trinity, died, and his suc­ $125,000. During one of the ensu­ adapt to new ways, Trinity is meet­ cessor was a Confederate general ing depression years when pledges ing the challenges of an increasingly turned priest, Ellison Capers who, were insufficient to meet the oper­ secular world. A community house in 1893, became the first of Trin­ ating budget, Dr. Phillips remained in a local ghetto area, a seminary ity's rectors to be elected a bishop. in the pulpit until the necessary building in Uganda, a parish house During this period, the ladies of amount was subscribed; this gave in Taiwan, theological scholarships the parish supported a scholarship the congregation the confidence and the establishment of new for a theological student at Se­ which was so needed in those times. churches are among the recent pro­ wanee, and the parish expanded its By 1938, Trinity had 1,200 com­ jects of this old but vital parish. missionary work by sponsoring municants and had become the larg­ The great boughs of the three missions in Ridge Spring, in the est Episcopal church in South Caro­ live oaks-planted so many years Saluda section of Lexington lina; Dr. Phillips, who had been ago-cast their shadows on the old County, and in the northern part of called to several other parishes, was Gothic church which is the center Columbia. The latter mission was consecrated bishop of Southwest­ of religious life for hundreds of the nucleus from which the Church ern Virginia in 1938. A year later, Columbia families. A vibrant city of the Good Shepherd was or­ he was succeeded by Louis Chester surrounds this parish which has ganized. Melcher, who served during the grown and progressed with South In 1907, a young minister whose years of World War II and met the Carolina's capital city. family came to South Carolina needs of an ever-expanding parish from Canada became Trinity's by the building of the Church Augustus T. Graydon is a free-lance rector: Kirkman Finlay had a vi- School annex, now the Finlay writer from Columbia.

January 1970 23 From a local agency beginning in 1869 . I to

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Columbia, South Carolina POINTS OF INTEREST in the Capital City

STATE HOUSE North entrance located at corner of Main and Gervais streets. Recognized as " one of the notable buildings of the world." Brass stars mark spots where shells from Sherman's artillery struck during invasion in 1865. Open weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-1. Always interesting but particularly when legislature is in session mid-January through mid-April. TRINITY EPISCOPAL CHURCH AND CHURCHYARD Across from the State House grounds on the east side of Sumter Street. Built in 1846, the church is a scaled reproduction of York Minster in England. In the churchyard near the famous old "Governors' Oak" are the graves of five South Carolina governors and other prominent state citizens. Open weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-1, and Sundays for services. TOWN THEATRE Pafmello 1012 Sumter Street. One of the oldest little theatre organizations in the United States, having been in continuous operation since 1919. Six plays are performed annually. Open weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-12. 3-nleriorj SOUTH CAROLINIANA LIBRARY Located on the University campus. Built in 1840, it is the oldest separate college library _Anti9rueJ · (;/tJ building in the nation. Architecturally interesting, it contains many fine portraits and busts of historic South Carolinians. Open weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-1 . New museum on ground floor. Y.nlerior ~ eJig,n

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 1 000 GERVAIS STR EET 900 block of Sumter Street. Approximately 13,000 students enrolled. One of six colleges and universities in Columbia. Of particular interest are the Russell House (student union building), open Monday- Saturday 8-11 , Sundays 11 :30-9; Undergraduate Library, recipient of several national architectural awards, open weekdays 9-11, Saturdays 9-5, Sundays 7-10 p.m.; and Capstone House, an 18-story residence hall having a revolving restaurant- one of seven in the world. . UNIVERSITY MUSEUM Located on the corner of Sumter and Pendleton streets in the World War Memorial Building. It contains the Bernard Baruch Silver Collection, J. Harry Howard Gemstone Collection and University Mace. Open Monday- Friday 10-4. CAROLINA COLISEUM Corner Assembly and Blossom streets. This beautiful multimillion dollar air-conditioned University of South Carolina facility of 315,000 square feet has a seating capacity of 13,550. Traveling shows, concerts, dances, trade shows, conventions, and various university functions can be staged in addition to athletic events. I~ ROBERT MILLS HISTORIC HOUSE AND PARK [Sheraton Columbia Inn] 1616 Blanding St. A restoration project by the city, county, and Historic Columbia Foun­ [ Columbia's Newest ] dation, this showplace of national architectural significance was designed by the famous Washing­

ton Monument architect, Robert Mills. The mansion was bu ilt in 1823 for the merchant prince [ 180 BEAUTIFULLY APPOINTED GUEST ROOMS ] Ainsley Hall. Open Tuesday-Saturday 10-1, and Sundays 2-5. Closed Mondays. Admission $1 per person. EXECUTIVE SUITES ] [ CONVENTION FACILITIES FORT JACKSON Located off South Devine Street. One of nation's largest infantry training centers with 52,000 [ BANQUET ROOMS ] acres. Open to the public at all times. COLUMBIA MUSEUM OF ART AND CHILDREN'S SCIENCE MUSEUM Gourmet Dining in ]- 1112 Bull St. Italian Renaissance paintings from the famous collection of the Samuel H. Kress the Old English King William Room Foundation. Silver, miniatures, jewelry, pottery and furniture from the historic heritage of Columbia and South Carolina are permanently displayed. A broad activities program includes I iKtttg lltlltam filoom musical concerts, lectures and major exhibits. Adjoining is the Columbia Science Museum, which [ OPEN DAILY 7 A.M. TO 10 P.M . offers displays of the sciences, natural history, art and history. The center's planetarium adds to the city's educational resources. Open Tuesday-Saturday 10-5, Sundays 2-6. Closed Mondays. [ SPECIAL AFTER GAME MENU TIL MIDNIGHT Prior arrangements are requested for tours. RESERVATIONS - 779-4900 ST ATE ARCHIVES BUILDING [ . ASSEMBLY STREET AT DEVINE 1430 Senate St. Houses public records of the government of South Carolina dating from 1670. Confederate Relic Room and Museum contains mementos of the War Between the States [ ACROSS FROM THE NEW CAROLINA COLISEUM and the Reconstruction Period in South Carolina. Open weekdays 9-5:30, Saturdays 9-1; Confed­ erate Relic Room and Museum open weekdays 9-12:30 and 2-5, Saturdays 9-12:30. Prior arrange­ AMPLE PARKING ments are requested for tours other than that of the Confederate Room. L- ~~~~~, January 1970 25 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 1 306 Hampton St. Built in 1859. First Secession Convention met here Dec. 17, 1860, FIRE but was moved to Charleston due to a smallpox AND epidemic. Open weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-12. CASUALTY GOVERNOR'S MANSION Southeast corner of Richland and Gadsden INSURANCE PROTECTION streets. Magnificent home of the Chief Exec­ utive of South Carolina. Open Monday FOR BUSINESSES through Saturday 10-1 and 3-5. Prior arrange­ AND ments should be made for visiting by calling 758-3452. INDIVIDUALS SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOSPITAL Bull Street at Elmwood. Visitors welcome to drive around the open circle in center of grounds. The original building was designed by the famous Robert Mills and, as far as is known, is the country's oldest state hospital building in For your continuous use. RECREATIONAL VEHICLES WOODROW WILSON'S BOYHOOD HOME Corn er Hampton and Henderson streets. OUR 50th YEAR Anglo-Italian villa ca. 1870. Contains many articles associated with the ex-President's I ife. Open Tuesday-Saturday, 10-1 and 2-4, Sun­ You'll save to see DANA days 2-5. Closed Mondays. A small admission INSURANCE AGENCY charge. ADDY DODGE, INC. 1238 HAMPTON STREET LAKE MURRAY COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA Forty-one miles of shoreline make up the 521 Columbia Ave. TELEPHONE 25 • 23371 world's largest earthen dam. Popular for its fish­ Lexington, S.C. 29072 ing. As a boating and water-skiing area, it is the scene of several significant regattas including the Lake Murray Marathon. Staged in April, the three-hour struggle features the fastest inboard and outboard racing boats in the Southeast. Lo­ cated 15 miles from downtown Columbia. Columbia's ONLY BOYLSTON HOUSE AND GARDENS Across from the Governor's Mansion. Built in Discount 1820s and recognized at one time as "among the most beautiful private gardens found any­ Office Furniture where in the United States." Plans call for res­ toration and development into a major tourist & Equipment Store attraction for the city. ALL ITEMS IN STOCK SESQUICENTENNIAL STATE PARK FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY Only 13 miles northeast of Columbia, on JENKINS U.S. 1, this beautifully kept facility offers pic­ FREE DELIVERY REALTY, INC. nicking, swimming, boating, camping, fishing, WITHIN 75 MILES OF COLUMBIA and nature trails. IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR ~ THE LIB ER TY TREE SERVICE, QUALITY & SAVINGS Historical outdoor drama of Revolutionary WE INVITE YOU TO SHOP US. days in South Carolina. Lovely outdoor amphi­ WE ALSO RENT theatre open from the last weekend in June un­ AND LEASE FURNITURE SateJ til September 1 with nightly performances ex­ cept Mondays. ':!Jevetopez COLUMBIA METROPOLITAN AIRPORT COF Taking advantage of natural terrain and using extensive landscaping, this $7.2 million modern Commercial Office 5219 TRENHOLM ROAD jet airport is considered to be among the most Furniture Company COLUMBIA, S. C. 29206 beautiful in the country. Over 40 flights daily by Eastern, Delta, Southern and Piedmont air­ 732 SALUDA AVE. lines account for approximately 275,000 air (FIVE POINTS) Telephone 787-5727 passengers annually. ( Area Code 803) 253-4052

26 Sand lapper ommy Wilson growing up to be President of the United States? TThat was the farthest thought from anybody's mind back when the shy, awkward preacher's boy .. lived in Columbia, South Carolina. As a youth, he seemed a likely pros­ ~.-- "' pect for the role of banker or ac­ ,, countant or, more likely, minister, "'. f which his father was; but as it turned out he became President, as well as a world statesman during World War I. Sojour ofa Future Prflgfd.ent in Columbia By Albert Davis Thomas Woodrow Wilson was when he was four months old. sharp nose and secured around his born in Staunton, Virginia, on Dec. "Everyone tells us, he is a beautiful large, protuberant ears. His pale 25, 1856, the first son of staunch boy. What is best of all, he is just as gray eyes focused upon a world he Presbyterian parents. His father was good as he can be .... " But when shied away from. "A strange, wiry the Rev. Joseph R. Wilson who, like the family came to live in Colum­ little fellow" was how his official Mrs. Wilson, was a transplanted bia, nearly 14 years later, Tommy biographer described him. Indiges­ Yankee with pro-Southern sym­ Wilson had undergone a meta­ tion plagued him from childhood pathies. They were both descend­ morphosis. throughout his life. This ailment, ants of Scotch-Irish immigrants. He had grown to be sickly and combined with severe headaches "The boy is a fine healthy fel­ ugly and weak-eyed. Almost before and nervousness, culminated in low ... and just as fat as he can he was out of baby clothes specta­ breakdowns that frequently inter­ be," wrote Tommy Wilson's mother cles were perched upon his long fered with his career. Dyspepsia

January 1970 27 The Rev. Joseph R. Wilson taught at the to a remarkable degree. He suffered Columbia Theological Seminary and served being called a mama's boy until he as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. was "a great big fellow," and she - Photo courtesy South Caroliniana Library apparently encouraged the relation­ Gen. Sherman's army was in town. ship, fretting over him, nursing him, When the Wilsons first surveyed reassuring him. "Yes," she prom­ Columbia it was beginning to build ised, when Woodrow learned the up again and, in September 187 3, family was going to leave Columbia, Woodrow Wilson reported in a "You will have no lack of friends in shorthand exercise that the city was Wilmington-of the warmest sort." "building up very fast indeed and But eclipsing all others was the there is little or no trace of the fire Rev. Joseph Ruggles Wilson, to be seen now .... There are some Tommy's "incomparable father," buildings going up on or near the the psychic colossus about whom main street which would do great Woodrow Wilson gravitated. The credit to any street in New York boy seemed always to be running to except Broadway." Nonetheless his father for something. Until after there were the scars of war around he was 40 the son never made an him, and one cannot help wonder­ important decision without first ob­ ing what formative impressions bur­ taining his father's advice, and then rowed into the memory of this it was the elder Wilson's death that future president who would enter dissolved this filial bond ( which has his country into "a war to end been explored in a controversial wars." psychological study by Sigmund In spite of the war and talk of Freud and William C. Bullitt). kept him out of school most of his war which surrounded the boy, Wilson's education in Columbia very young years so that he did not however-his earliest memory was came formally from Charles H. learn the alphabet until he was of a man shouting in the street that Barnwell's "select school for boys," nine, and was 11 before learning to Lincoln was elected and war was one of several struggling private read with ease (never rapidly, how­ coming-Tommy Wilson got schools in the little capital city of ever, a handicap he regarded as of through it all, including Recon­ about 9,000 persons. The school, no great importance). Girls as ob­ struction, rather painlessly. which was across the street from jects of affection apparently never As long as his mother and father the Wilson's first home, opened in came into the picture until he lived, Tommy felt bound to them the fall of 1870 with just three matriculated to Princeton, his father's alma mater. In the fall of 1870, the Rev .. Wil­ son accepted a call to teach at the Co 1um b ia Theological Seminary, now relocated in Decatur, Georgia. (Shortly after his arrival in Colum­ bia, he also became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church.) The family bade farewell to Augusta, where all but a year of Woodrow Wilson's life had been spent, and where they all-the Rev. and Mrs. Wilson, Woodrow and his younger brother Joe, and their two elder sisters Marion and Anne-weathered the Civil War. But Augusta was nothing com­ pared to Columbia, three-fifths of which had gone up in smoke while

The Columbia Historic Foundation now maintains for the public this house-the only home ever built by the Wilson family.

28 Sandlapper pupils-"Thomas W. Wilson, James a lieutenant general. In any case, he North Carolina. H. Baldwin, and one of the McMas­ was very meticulous, as his note­ In 1916 Woodrow Wilson made a ter boys." For seven or eight dollars books of the period show; for last trip to the town that held such per month, Latin, Greek and a few though his was a make-believe fond memories for him- "my very other subjects were taught. Wilson world, it was structured and happy boyhood in Columbia," he failed to distinguish himself scholas­ fleshed-out in strik- tically. "Extremely dignified," ing realism, as is evi­ noted his instructor. "He had a denced by his queer way of going off by himself." personnel rosters It was not that the boy was dull. and make-believe Let a matter really grab his interest orders. and he would not be done with it Woodrow Wilson until it was mastered, especially if it did not form close had to do with words. He was 15 friendships with his when he read a magazine article Columbia peers as that inspired a lifelong interest in he had in Augusta. shorthand, an interest that proved He had friends in advantageous to him in college and Columbia, of in public life. Stenography may not course; he was liked; have be~n in a class with rail-split­ but older acquain­ ting or roughriding or dueling, but tances probably had it came in handy for one so im­ more influence on mersed in words as Woodrow Wil- him. Around a table son was. in the Wilson home The Rev. Wilson was a veritable learned men would volcano of words, priding himself gather and discuss on his proper and precise locutions, serious questions instilling in his son Woodrow an while the boy lis­ appreciation for the well-turned tened. They talked phrase. "Steady now, Thomas; wait about the Constitu­ a minute. Think! Think what it is tion; they talked you wish to say, and then choose about social orders; your words to say it." Thus, the they talked about pedagogic father would prime his science and religion; son to describe exactly what he had and about right and seen when they returned from wrong. Woodrow excursions together in Columbia. drank it in. That such an environ­ As President, Woodrow Wilson made a Always it was a hunt for the apt ment affected him there can be no final visit to his childhood home in 1916. expression, occasioning frequent doubt; ideas became his forte in an - Pho t o courtesy Sou t h Carol i niana Library dashes to the dictionary. But they age when the acquisition of wealth once recalled. This time he was did not stop at polishing their own was what seemed to count most. President Wilson, come to bury his diction; they tried to improve upon But perhaps the single most im­ sister Anne. Visiting the house that passages in books. Books were regu­ portant happening for him was his today is memorialized as Woodrow larly read out loud in the Wilson religious conversion. Wilson took to Wilson's boyhood home, he found home, particularly the Bible, and listening to a young theological stu­ some young boys playing. Wilson's Tommy was also entrusted with the dent who preached in the Columbia physician asked one if he expected key to the seminary library. By this Theological Seminary's chapel, a to become president. time he had become an avid reader, reconstructed chapel. A mysterious "I don't know," said the boy. enjoying in particular sea adventure change came over Wilson. Soon "I wouldn't wish anything like stories. after his conversion his school that on you," said Woodrow Wil­ In his imagination, Tommy sailed grades began to improve and it was son. Withholding the "malediction" into adventure on the high seas as­ then that he voiced ambitions of must have worked; the child never and this reflects Wilson's early­ becoming a statesman on the order grew up to be President as had one developed Anglophilia-a British of the great Gladstone. Tommy Wilson of Columbia, South officer. Lord Wilson, Duke of Altogether the Wilsons remained Carolina. Eagleton, Duke of Arlington, Mar­ in Columbia four years. Then in quis of Huntington he was. And 1874 the Rev. Joseph Wilson Albert Davis is a staff writer for sometimes he was a vice admiral or moved his family to Wilmington, "Sandlapper. "

January 1970 29 The postcard at left shows a barracks interior shortly after Camp Jackson was opened. At right are permanent-type bar­ racks which house some of the 90,000 soldiers trained annually at Ft. Jackson.

FORT JACKSO

or many years the mention of Ft. methods of carrying out its training Jackson brought to mind a host mission.'' By Larry Cribb Fof pre-fabricated buildings Indeed the objective of Ft. Jack­ painted a drab shade of yellow, and son is training. Commanded cur­ acres and acres of tents which rently by Maj. Gen. James F. During a lesson in camouflaging, a trainee housed trainees. Hollingsworth, there are four train­ has his face blacked by his buddy. The permanency of this military ing brigades which provide -Photo by Cleo Brown installation has been in question both the basic and the ad­ from time to time, and indeed the vanced information and fort has been closed down once and know-how required by the ordered deactivated on another oc­ modern soldier. casion, but the intended deactiva­ Ft. Jackson is perhaps tion never came about. best known for its basic Today the image of Ft. Jackson combat training. There are is changing, and there seems to be two brigades whose re­ no doubt now about its maintaining sponsibility it is to take an important position in the train­ young men and mold them ing of Army personnel. into effective and efficient Millions of dollars are being soldiers. spent in construction of permanent Basic training is an buildings ranging from a sprawling, eight-week period of modern hospital to new housing for highly intensified drills enlisted personnel and their fam­ and instruction. Covered ilies. A modern dental clinic was are such basics as military opened recently, and the list of new courtesy, marching and construction seems almost endless. first aid. In the first few Ft. Jackson occupies some weeks, the trainees are also 56,000 acres of scrub-wooded sand­ introduced to hand­ hills overlooking Columbia. It is to-hand combat, bivouac home for more than 23,000 active conditions and intensive military personnel, and has been training in the use of the said to "exemplify the modern M-16 rifle. Army in its rapid growth and new In the fifth and sixth

30 weeks, trainees take to the rifle M-79, .50 caliber machine gun and mm recoilless rifle . course to fire for record. In the .45 caliber pistol. All men in the Third Brigade also seventh week they receive class­ An indirect fire crew learns the learn land navigation, first aid, rifle room and practical instruction in use of the 81 mm and the 4.1 inch squad tactics, demolition, patrols, close combat courses, infiltration mortar, while a direct fire crew survival techniques, escape and techniques, individual tactical train­ trains with the 90 mm and the 106 evasion, counterinsurgency and ing, night firing and combat firing. communications. The eighth week is devoted to pro­ The Fourth Brigade is a combat ficiency testing and administrative support training brigade. It provides processing prior to initiation of ad­ the vital bridge between the combat vanced training. soldier and the supplies and ad­ Another training group at Ft. ministration he needs. Jackson is the Third Brigade. The Included in Fourth Brigade train­ mission of this outfit is to provide ing are schools for communication, advanced individual training for administration, personnel admin­ soldiers entering the infantry-the istration, mechanics and radio "Queen of Battle." operations. In addition, the brigade A fascinating facet of the train­ operates a large food service school, ing provided by the Third Brigade is field wireman course, light vehicle the replica of a Vietnamese village driver course and clerk general and (with the fictional name of Bau clerk typist courses. Bang) which adds tremendous real­ In addition to the training facil­ ism to the training. The village is ities, Ft. Jackson offers many other staffed by soldiers who wear tra­ services to military personnel. ditional Viet Cong dress and pre­ These include a wide range of re­ sent a realistic challenge to trainees. ligious, educational and recreational Today's infantry soldier draws facilities, in addition to up-to-date upon a complex system of modern medical and dental care. weaponry; thus, his training must The history of Ft. Jackson dates be matched to the equipment at his back to June 191 7, when it was -Photo by Cleo Brown command. In the field of light established as Camp Jackson­ A trainee practices life-saving methods weapons, he trains with the M- on a plastic dummy. Here he is demon­ named in honor of the famous gen­ 16 Al rifle, M-60 machine gun, strating mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. eral and seventh President of the

January 1970 31 "Vien-Hoa" is a replica of a Vietnamese village at Ft. Jackson used for RVN-oriented training. Here.a trainee acting the part of the village chief, greets incoming U.S. troops.

United States, Andrew Jackson. During those war years, some A training sergeant assists a trainee in A year later, the population of half million men were trained at Ft. securing a stretcher used to raise wounded the camp had grown to more than Jackson and took their places with soldiers into a helicopter hovering above. 45,000-men of the 30th and 81st such honored organizations as the divisions who were receiving train­ 4th, 6th, 8th, 26th, 30th, 77th, ing for overseas duty. 87th, 100th and 106th infantry When World War I ended, the divisions. camp was closed and from 1925 to In 1945 the fort became a re­ 1940 was used as an encampment placement training center, one of and training area for the South four operating throughout the Carolina National Guard. country by 1947. On July 1, 1940, it was re­ Although Ft. Jackson was desig­ activated under the federal govern­ nated to go into standby status in ment, and the 8th Infantry Division 1950, due to the Korean War this was activated and shipped to the never came about. camp. Shortly thereafter the name Today Ft. Jackson is a vital link was officially changed to Ft. in the training command of the Jackson. United States Army. Its perma­ In that Sl:4me year some $2.5 nency seems well established, and million was allocated to construct its proficiency in carrying out its semipermanent buildings and to objective is well known throughout construct a small arms rifle range the modern Army. with 400 targets. About 100 miles of roads were also built and sur­ Larry Cribb is editor of the St. faced. Andrews News.

32 Sandlapper first performance May 12, 1956, at crowded schedule, to Drayton Hall, Gailey Jr., Margaret Beth William­ Dreher High School: Gilbert and Town Theatre, Cottingham Theatre son, Martha Ledbetter, Tom West­ Sullivan's rousing "The Gondo­ at Columbia College, which is no moreland, David Sennema and liers," directed by John Richards longer available, and Sesquicenten­ James O'Nan. The same year a color­ McCrae who had been director of nial Amphitheatre. ful performance of a Gilbert and Sul­ the South Carolina Opera Work­ However, undaunted by having livan favorite, "The Mikado," was shop. The cast included a number no home of its own and spurred on presented, with Mackie Quave steal­ of leading Columbia musicians: by its first success, "The Gondo­ ing the show in the role of Ko Ko. Jackie Moore, Dottie Bratton, liers," the group decided to under­ Another gem was added to the Ramona Elson, Margaret Beth Wil­ take a more ambitious work utiliz­ Lyric Theatre's repertoire in 1962 liamson, Martha Ledbetter, Louise ing full orchestral accompaniment, when Verdi's "La Traviata" was Lucas, Joe Fritz, Marcia Mclver, "Die Fledermaus," by Johann produced. Lanny Palmer sang the Joe Hester, Hugh Pendexter III, Jim Strauss. Tony Defilippo directed a role of Violetta with professional Elson, Richard Potter, David Star­ 30-piece orchestra, and Frank quality, and the opera was bright­ ring, John Hills, George Sheetz and Harris, veteran actor and director, ened by two outstanding tenors, Allen Robinson, with chorus. was engaged as stage director. Frank Little and Emilio Belaval, Choreography was by Margaret A polished performance of the from Ft. Jackson. "La Traviata" Foster, dialogue by Mary Lou opera was presented in May 1957, was sung using piano accompani­ Kramer, and the two-piano accom­ with Lanny Palmer, Ramona Elson, ment, with Sidney Palmer as pianist panists were Lois Fritz, Annie David Williams, Frank Bradley, Joe and conductor, the entire accom­ Martha Hills and Carolyn McLen­ Fritz, Jim Elson, Jesse Fisher, paniment being played without the don. The smooth performance was Louise Lucas, Ray Dutrow, Marcia score. presented before an audience of Mclver and Al Lucas, with chorus. "Aida," also by Verdi, was per- approximately 900 Columbians. Reviews of both Columbia news­ Since that successful premiere a papers proclaimed this production galaxy of musicals have brightened as one of the finest local musicals the Columbia cultural horizon, ful­ ever presented in Columbia. filling the aims of the organization: Two more presentations fol­ to present for Columbians opera, lowed in 1958, Gilbert and Sul­ light opera and musical comedy, livan's "Trial by Jury," and Me­ using the area's best vocal and stage notti's "The Medium" and "The talent available. The first president, Telephone." Joe Fritz, described the Lyric As a fitting finale for the 40th Theatre as "an eleemosynary group anniversary of Columbia's Town devoted to the presentation of Theatre in 1959, the Town Theatre formed in November 1963, a com­ opera and light opera, making use and Lyric Theatre joined forces to bined effort of the Lyric Theatre, of local talent for the cast, orches­ present Lerner and Lowe's "Briga­ Columbia Festival Orchestra, tra and technical staff." doon," again starring Lanny Palmer Columbia Choral Society, Columbia Though an impressive list of and introducing Russell George to College Chorus, and bands from musicals have been staged, quality Columbia audiences. It was directed A.C. Flora and Dreher high schools has prevailed as well as quantity, by Town Theatre's Louis W. Ingram and the University of South Caro­ for a finished job or none at all has and Lyric Theatre director, Frank lina. Three guest soloists, Joyce obviously been the theatre's motto. Harris. The production played eight Shealy, Franklin Lusk, Paul Hick­ Although the Lyric Theatre has performances, one of which was a fang, along with Columbian Jackie reached an enviable pinnacle of holdover. Moore, sang the four starring roles. success, it has done so in spite of "The Merry Widow" by Franz Donizetti's "Don Pasquale" was the fact that the group has had no Lehar was the next production and another sparkling offering in which regular meeting place for rehearsals the audience enjoyed an "appealing Beverly Reed, now Beverly Hay, and performances. Unlike Colum­ combination of music and move­ made her Columbia operatic debut. bia's Town Theatre and Charles­ ment." Lanny and Russ once more Mozart's "Cosi fan Tutte" fol­ ton's Dock Street Theatre, the blended voices before enthusiastic lowed, with Jackie Moore, Beverly Lyric Theatre has had no home. listeners. Reed Hay, John Hills, Emilio Bela­ Church basements, private homes­ Mozart's "The Marriage of Fig­ val, James O'Nan and Joyce Elson practically any room containing a aro" followed in 1961, performed among the star-studded cast. piano-have been utilized for at Columbia College Theatre and A city-wide Musical Arts Drive practices. Performances have been directed by Frank Harris with Sid­ was instituted in 1965. The Colum­ shuttled from Dreher High School, ney Palmer as musical director. The bia Music Festival Association, the which normally operates on a cast included Dottie Bratton, Ward backbone of Columbia's musical

34 Sand lapper culture since 1938, had given the speech of Wagner. This tremendous Lyric Theatre, the only criticism drive impetus in 1964 by its de­ challenge was successfully met by being that it ran for only one night cision to spend more than $10,000 the cast, and Lannie Palmer as Mar­ when it should have run for a on a Gift of Music for Columbia to guerite was again prima donna of month. Ruth Ann Collins, a new start the musical arts organization the Lyric Theatre. Jackie Moore, star, and Thom Jones played the on its way to fruition. Under the Martha Ledbetter, and James leading roles, with the Henchmen influence of-and with the coor­ O'Nan also starred, along with three Quartet composed of Dick deMont­ dinated assistance of-the Musical visiting artists, Paul Hickfang, Clif­ mollin, Larry Gavlik, Brantley Cox Festival organization (the Festival ford Billions and William Guthrie. and Jack Williams scoring a hit. The proper), the Columbia Choral So­ In 1967 "Die Fledermaus" was Lower Richland High School ciety, the Columbia Lyric Theatre, repeated, with Beverly Reed Hay, marching band's rendition of "76 and the Columbia Festival Orches­ John Breland, and Guy Hargrove in Trombones" climaxed the produc­ tra were assured of substantial fi­ leading roles. "Stop the World, I tion and brought the audience to a nancial support. In short, money Want to Get Off" was another 1967 standing ovation. was to be provided to expand offering. "The Gypsy Baron" heralded the Columbia's cultural boundaries. Carlisle Floyd's American folk 1969-70 season; its impressive cast The Lyric Theatre, to be sure, opera, "Susannah," a story based included Bill Stuart who portrayed has benefitted from the Musical upon the tale of Susannah and the the baron, Carolyn Ferguson, Arts Drive. This has been demon­ Elders which appears in the Richard Veale, Beverly Thompson, strated by more productions, more scriptural Apocrypha, closed the Shirley Teuber, Sarah Harvey, elaborate sets and costumes to serve 1967-68 season. Lanny Palmer Lloyd Thompkins, John Breland as a showcase for talent, a choice of played the demanding role of and Helen Farrah. better plays, and added staff, Susannah, and that of Olin Blitch Many persons have contributed including a vocal coach, the gifted was played by Edward White from toward making the Lyric Theatre Kay Holley. Florida State University. Thom the state's longest continuously Columbia's Christmas present Jones gave a convincing perform­ producing opera company-not from the Lyric Theatre in 1965 was ance as Little Bat McLean. only the singers, musicians and Engelbert Humperdinck's "Hansel "Susannah" was a gala occasion officers but also a host of unher­ and Gretel," a work combining the for the many South Carolinians alded individuals who have spent popular folksong style with the eager to hear the operatic creation countless hours making sets, col­ richness of modern orchestration. of Carlisle Floyd. Also present was lecting furniture and props, super­ The fresh, tuneful music was sung Blanche Thebom from Atlanta, vising costumes and makeup, and by Beverly Colloms, Martha Led­ long a star of the New York Metro­ doing the numerous jobs required better, Mary Burnett, Arletta politan Opera. for a successful production. Raley, Margaret Beth Williamson, "L'Elisir d'Amore" by Donizetti Director Sidney Palmer has ob­ Ward Gailey Jr. and Sara Martin. A opened the 1968-69 season with served a noticeable growth in the chorus of 150 voices composed of four outstanding singers distinguish­ Lyric Theatre in the past five years children from Arden, Brockman, ing themselves in the leading roles: and predicts a bright future for the Hyatt Park and Mill Creek elemen­ Richard Veale, Beverly Reed Hay, organization. One of his aims is to tary schools, and Alcorn, Crayton, Lloyd Thompkins and Perry Dan­ provide an outlet for talent from Fairwold, Hand, Wardlaw, and W.A. iels. "A night at the Opera," featur­ throughout the state, as well as that Perry junior high schools added to ing Blanche Thebom, and South from the Columbia area. Perform­ the charm of the opera. Chore­ Carolina's own John Richards ances have been increased from two ography was by Ann Brodie. McCrae, was presented in February to three a year, and Palmer is opti­ ''The Fantasticks," with June 196 9, along with Beverly Reed mistic that performances will be ex­ Turner, Kenny Friedman, Mel Hay, Jackie Moore, Lloyd Thomp­ panded from three to four, or may­ Glass, Pierce Arant, James O'Nan, kins, Margaret Beth Williamson, be even six or eight a year. Payne Williams, Frank Harris and Richard Veale, and the Allen Uni­ With Palmer's vision and ability, Ray Dutrow, with harpist Judy versity Choir. This performance was and with the array of talent and Hamm, marked the 10th anniver­ dedicated to the late Russell dedicated workers, plus adequate sary of the Lyric Theatre. George, former president and star financial backing, the Lyric Theatre One of the most ambitious and of Columbia Lyric Theatre. well may achieve these goals in the expensive undertakings attempted The 1968-69 season ended with foreseeable future; and, perhaps, by Lyric Theatre was Gounod's Meredith Wilson's "The Music even a much-needed and long­ "Faust." Although set forms are Man," which played under the stars dreamed-of home of its own. not abandoned in "Faust," they are at Sesquicentennial Amphitheatre. closely joined by a melodious decla­ "The Music Man" was acclaimed Helen Boland King is author of mation which approaches the song- the greatest popular success of the "Carolina Carols. "

January 1970 35 the old and the new

-Photo by Gary Thomas Honorable Mention

36 Sand lapper -Photo by Russell Maxey, Honorable Mention

A photographic essay featuring some of the winners of the Columhia Photo Contest

-Photo by Charles Thomson First Prize

January 1970 37 The State House attracts hoth Columhians and . . visitors, -Photo by Russell Maxey, Honorable Mention

-Photo by Ronald Chapiesky, Third Prize

-Photo by Russell Maxey, Second Prize

1

38 -Photo by Russell Maxey, Honorable Mention

January 1970 39 -Photo by Peter Padua, Honorable Mention

- Photo by John Jackson, Fourth Prize

-Photo by Peter Padua, Honorable Mention

- Photo by Edwin Stone, Honorable Mention

40 · Modern transportation ranges from motorcycles to

i jets) but nostalgia for the railroads remains.

t '

, '

-Photo by Charles Young, Third Prize -Photo by John Jackson, Second Prize

January 1970 41 -Photo at right by Ronald Chapiesky, First Prize; other photos by Russell Maxey, Honorable Mention

42 Functional 20th~century architecture hlends with the elegant and the unkempt structures of a hygone era.

January 1970 43 Summe0 fall winter or sprin& Columbia-twice All-America selection-is a city for all seasons.

- Photo by Gary Thomas, Honorable Mention

44 Sandlapper -Photos by John Jackson, Honorable Mention

-Photo by Russell Maxey Honorable Mention

45 Reprints to refurbish your collection from

The University of South Carolina Press

THE CATAWBA INDIANS: RED CAROLINIANS. By Chapman incomplete, it has been freely The People of the River J. Milling. Foreword by A.S. Salley. supplemented with known facts By Douglas S. Brown $10.00 438 pages. University of South about Indians in other parts of Carolina Press. $10.00. America, occasional reference even "Despite their constant friendship for being made to the higher Aztec and the white man and help to him in war, Peruvian civilizations. Especially in the Catawba Indians have been ne­ Three hundred years ago, the calling attention to the Indian's glected by historians. Here they are native inhabitants of the country contribution to modern American treated to a full-length study."­ we now know as Carolina found life, the field has been necessarily Saturday Review. themselves confronted with the rather inclusive. Where, however, most serious problem which ever such excursions have been made BENEATH SO KIND A SKY: faced an individual or a people. But into wider territory, the fact has of The Scenic and Architectural dimly recognizing the importance course been noted. Beauty of South Carolina in the beginning, they gradually be­ Some of the chapter headings Photographs by Carl Julien came aware of its magnitude. A foretell the physical violence and Introduction by culture alien and advanced was re­ social turmoil detailed in "Red Chapman J. Milling $12.95 lentlessly extinguishing their own; Carolinians": their very lives and the future of The Tuscarora War A treasury of South Carolina Beauty­ from coast to upcountry. Stately their children were being affected. The Y amassee War homes, ancient churches and magnif­ Becoming alarmed, they took such The Catawba Nation icent gardens are featured with the measures as they were able, in the The Cherokee War lush foliage and natural beauty of hope of preventing the inevitable The Blood-Stained Path South Carolina as background. Sixth catastrophe. They failed, of course, The Trail of Tears printing. as primitive man has always failed In the Shadow of the Smokies when striving against civilized man. Originally "Red Carolinians" was Recently published ... That their alarm was well founded published in 1940. This portrait of is attested by their almost total ab­ the Indians of North and South FIRST SETTLERS sence today in the land which was Carolina has become a classic. It is OF SOUTH CAROLINA, once their hunting ground. now reprinted not only because it is 1670-1680 The conflict which resulted when still the most complete book on the By Agnes Baldwin $1.45(paper) the Europeans and the Indians were subject, but also because the brought together does not always author, Chapman J. Milling, a prac­ This is the first publication in the Tri­ ticing physician in Columbia, South centennial Booklet series. It presents, make a beautiful story. While we in easy to follow chart form, a list of often find superb examples of Carolina, has an easy, natural elo­ all known European immigrants to heroism and daring, there is also re­ quence in his style that makes his South Carolina up to 1680. Published vealed to us much of greed, cunning writing durable. Sixteen pages of on behalf of the South Carolina Tri­ and brutality. That there were bad halftone illustrations are included. centennial Commission. Indians aplenty no one with com­ Also included is a bibliography and mon sense will dare deny, but it is index. Available at The Corner Book Store, Inc., Camden; The Book Base­ equally well established that there "This is an exceptionally worthy ment and John Huguley and Co., Inc., were a great many cruelly treach­ book on a long neglected subject. Charleston; The R.L. Bryan Company, erous white people. It is manifestly Dr. Milling's scholarly work is a real White's, Plaza Book Store, Gittman's unfair to judge either race solely by contribution to frontier history and on Devine, and The South Carolina its villains. Those who argue that it is a 'must' for every library of Book Store, Columbia; Baxter Enter­ prises, Sumter; and at all better book­ humanity is not showing at least a American history."-Richard C. stores. trifling improvement will do well to Madden in the "Catholic History ponder these dark records of Review." UNIVERSITY OF America's infancy. ''It makes Hitler look like a The author has not confined his choirboy. An indispensable book to SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS discussion to the Carolina Indians, all who wish to know the basic II Colum bia. South Carolina 29208 or even entirely to those of the facts of Indian history in the South­ Southeastern United States. Where east. "-Caro Green Russell in "The specific information is lacking or Literary Lantern."

46 Sandlapper THE WAR IN THE SOUTH: THE the combatants identified their re­ CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA IN spective causes by decorating their THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. hats-red rosettes for Loyalists, By Donald Barr Chidsey. 176 pages. green twigs for Patriots. "But hats THE Crown Publishers, Inc. $3.95. could get lost in the fighting; and there were men who played it safe Great moments of history in by carrying both, so that they could NEW general, and particularly those be sure of being on the winning events concerning America's strug­ side." Bypassing the "revolutionary" gle for independence, are too often aspect of the war, Chidsey em­ SOUTH lost in the haze of time, heroics phasizes the internal division, par­ and grade school simplifications. ticularly in the South, of what might Kenneth Frederick Marsh One remembers the "embattled be called America's first civil war. Blanche Marsh farmers" of Lexington and Con­ At the battle of Kings Mountain, cord, Patrick Henry's fiery decla­ for instance, Patrick Ferguson, ration, Paul Revere's ride, Washing­ leader of the Loyalist forces, was ton's tattered, starving troops at the only man on either side who Valley Forge-and little else. It is all was not an American. most inspiring-but, unfortunately, This is not to say that there were a bit dull. no heroes, even in the midst of such Donald Barr Chidsey's gift, it harsh realities, but in "The War in seems, is his ability to revive this the South" one is never allowed to "dead past," and "The War in the lose sight of the fact that heroes South" is no exception. Stripping are, after all, flesh-and-blood bare the legend, he concentrates on human beings like the rest of us. the men as they lived these dra­ During the siege of Charleston, matic moments, revealing their all­ when the flag was shot down at Ft. I ~ too-h uman strengths and weak­ Sullivan, Sgt. William Jasper, under r,, nesses, pride and prejudices-the heavy fire, retrieved and replaced it. ~ ~ real stuff of history. Offered a commission in the Con­ "Wars are always dirty, especially tinental Army, he was forced to civil wars, and this one, there [in decline for a simple reason: he was I ~~/ - 'l)Tfl the Carolinas and Georgia], was the illiterate. At the siege of Savannah c1ioL1NA dirtiest yet. It pitted neighbor Sgt. Jasper attempted to re-enact rtir r,!E~{f against neighbor, brother against his moving performance. This time ,11LLE SO ·· brother, father against son. It was he was shot down and killed. GREEN• . , bitter right to the end, and un­ Legendary figures come to life. marked by any touch of mercy. If Describing Andrew Pickens, the there were fewer barn burnings author characterizes him as "a One hundred sixty than there had been in New Eng­ prodigious fighter" and one of the pages of photographs and de­ land and the middle states, ... this three outstanding Southern Patriot scriptive text combined to por­ could have been only because there leaders, but adds: "He was an elder tray the panorama of Green­ ville. were fewer barns. There were more of the Presbyterian Church, and rape, more pillage, more downright nobody had ever seen him smile." $6.00-9 X 12 murder." Sides were chosen not out One of the book's highlights is the of any loyalty to high-flown ideals, confrontation at Cowpens between but more on the strength of human Daniel Morgan, affectionately prejudices. In the South, the author known to his men as Old Wagoner-­ suggests, wealthy coastal residents once the fastest man on the fron­ came out for independence on the tier with his fists, now nearing 50 basis of trade and economic con­ and suffering from rheumatism and siderations, and "the backcountry numerous other ailments-and Ban­ THE R. L. BRYAN COMPANY men, seeing this, went the other astre Tarleton, "Bloody Ban"-the 1440 MAIN STREET way out of sheer spite." South's personal villain in this war. COLUMBIA. S. C . Side-switching was common and Tired of having Tarleton "snapping 29201 complex. After the fall of Charles­ at his heels, ... Daniel Morgan ton, there was harsh fighting in the turned with a snarl." The outcome backcountry. Having no uniforms, is histo.ry.

January 1970 47 By Marie Fenner

48 Sand lapper olumbia Landmarks

he capital city of South Caro­ 1 0 0 -foot wide streets and two typify Robert Mills at his best. lina, carefully designed from its boulevards 150 feet in width­ A short walk down Pickens Tinception and experiencing its Assembly Street and Senate Street. Street brings one to the equally re­ early growth during one of the Names of streets ranged from those nowned Ainsley Hall House and country's most architecturally pro­ of Revolutionary generals to agri­ Historic Park, also designed by ductive periods, is literally a treas­ cultural products. Mills. A majestic portico on Bland­ ure chest of American architectural The imposing streets, extraor­ ing Street is balanced on the Taylor heritage. Besides many fine old dinarily wide for the times, flanked Street side by an elegant colonnade mansions, there are scores of equally imposing squares of four and a fine double-staircase of brick smaller dwellings unique to their acres each. This inspired city plan­ steps over an arch which leads to periods and worthy of preservation. ning is ideally suited to 20th­ the upper arched doorway. The Columbia was established as the century Columbia for in this inner grounds will include a formal capital city of South Carolina by core of the state capital are the garden as well as an herb garden the state legislature in 1785. The shady tree-bordered streets of the when restoration is completed. site chosen for this new center of early 19th century and a great The Hampton-Preston Mansion, government was a two-square-mile concentration of historic homes of restrained Federal design, di­ area on the banks of the Congaree and other architecturally valuable rectly across the street, is also River near "Friday's Ferry." By structures. undergoing reclamation. Extensive 1786 a Board of Commissioners Columbia has two principal areas landscaping will again provide a was empowered to develop the new of immense historic worth: one ex­ proper setting for this architectural city and in 1787 they appointed tending westward from Henderson gem. John Gabriel Guignard to conduct Street to Sumter Street and from The DeBruhl-Marshall House the survey. The new city was Taylor Street to the State Hospital may have been designed by Mills; bounded by Upper Street, now grounds; the other from Elmwood the majestic columns are Greek Elmwood Avenue; Harden Street, Avenue south to Laurel Street and Revival in concept but the house named for a Revolutionary hero; extending west from Assembly itself is Federal in detail. The box­ Lower Street, now Heyward Street; Street to Gadsden Street. wood maze is still neatly trimmed and the Broad and Congaree rivers. The State Hospital grounds con­ and the towering magnolias are well Original city plans called for tain one of the most remarkable in their second century. Gracing the structures of its time. The four­ area are a number of porticoed story, semi-circular medical building mansions as well as solidly built by architect Robert Mills was revo­ cottages with high stoops, all

-Drawing by Marie Fenner reproduced by lutionary in its day; its boldness of equally immaculate. Steep gabled permission of Olde South Galleries, Charleston conception, simplicity and power roofs and sharply jutting dormers

January 1970 49 half hidden by century-old trees its graceful arched wrought iron offer evidence of prosperous Vic­ scrollwork still guards a gravel drive torian times. Sprawling verandahs that leads to the stables, store­ and "add-on" extensions denote a houses and other outbuildings. A sharply rising economy. Several fine vast garden, complete with grape examples of "Steamboat Gothic" arbor, summer house, boxwood also remain from the opulent Vic­ maze and century-old ginkgo tree­ torian era. bordered by a unique wrought iron The McMaster-Foard House on fence incorporating the laurel Laurel Street at Bull Street is an wreath and star--unites the two example of late Victorian archi­ mansions. The Memorial Garden of tecture at its best. Perfect pro­ the Garden Club of South Carolina portions and modest colonnades set lies directly behind this complex. off with a full pediment produce a Gadsden Street leads past rows blending of the dignified and the of tiny cottages, downhill to what gracious. The designers of these once was Sidney Park. This ravine, attractive houses are largely un­ elaborately landscaped, appears on known and it is difficult to believe the C. Drie map of Columbia, dated the legend of client design carried 1872. The new three-story postal out by the local artisans. In most complex is rescuing this interesting instances these lovely, eminently area which was temporarily livable houses were created by blighted by early 20th-century master carpenters with the aid of industry. c 1i en ts' memories. Architectural 11 11544 Fir~! f'rcsbv!eliin (hurch, C.olumbla. 5 C.. The cemetery of the Hebrew handbooks were widely used and Benevolent Society dates back to helped spread the Greek Revival Columbia's earliest days. Continu­ style, utilizing details of trim, roof, Columbia's First Presbyterian Church has ing south on Gadsden Street the been a local landmark since its completion coping and colonnades. in 1854. This post card print of the terrain becomes noticeably hilly. Besides the houses, the colleges church dates from the turn of the century. Amid the scrub are brick and stone also distinguish this style. The Uni­ foundations almost hidden by the versity of South Carolina grew from ivy and bignonia. Plantings of iris a simple, almost stark group of theran Chapel on Richland Street is and daffodils tell us of long for­ stucco buildings. Rutledge Hall, a charming reminder of Columbia gotten gardens. built in 1805 and South Caroliniana in an earlier period. Along Washington Street, man­ Library built in 1840 were, if not Located in the old Laurel Hill sions are few; most of those remain­ the work of Robert Mills, obviously area are several more interesting ing have been restored for contem­ built under his influence. The reminders of historic Columbia, porary use. white-columned Doric portico of notably Arsenal Hill where the Pal­ The State House, designed by the library carries a characteristic metto Armory and Ironworks once John R. Niernsee, shows the re­ Millsian coping and the interior is flourished. Directly across Lincoln straint, the elegance and power of of majestic proportions, richly or­ Street is the beautifully landscaped detail, and the harmony of the Greek namented in the classic manner. four-acre tract containing the Revival style. The broad paved es­ There is great similarity between Governor's Mansion. In earlier years planade, monumental staircase and the South Caroliniana Library and the Arsenal Academy occupied this bold two-story portico unerringly the Congressional Library in Wash­ square; two remaining buildings­ lead to a nobly proportioned copper ington, the latter structure prob­ quite likely officers' quarters-were dome bearing a triple standard. ably designed by Bulfinch. combined, rebuilt and refurbished Creative landscaping is evident Scattered throughout this his­ to create this residence for the throughout the State House grounds toric area are several well-designed state's Chief Executive. with its pollarded trees, weeping churches. Trinity Episcopal, mod­ Across Richland Street are two mulberry and flowering shrubs. eled after York Minster in England, handsomely designed mansions: the Through urban development was designed by Edward Brickell Robertson House, frequently re­ Columbia is reclaiming some worth­ White, a noted architect and builder. ferred to as the Lace House, and while structures and preserving its The First Presbyterian, Washington the remarkable compound contain­ history as a memorial to the past. Street Methodist, Arsenal Hill Pres­ ing the Caldwell-Hampton-Boylston Hopefully, this current course byterian and historic First Baptist House. The old driveway gate with which Columbia upholds will inspire churches are all located in the future generations to continue to downtown area. The Ebenezer Lu- Marie Fenner is from Charleston. preserve their heritage.

50 Sandlapper Jouth earolina

A Synoptic History For Laymen

By LEWIS P. JONES

CHAPTER 13 After the Nullification Crisis of spelled ruination for South Carolina Society in Antebellum 1832 subsided, the political fever farmers. In 1848, William Elliott South Carolina went down - but never returned to warned that Carolinians should (1830-60) normal. The furores had awakened plant cotton only on "such bodies many to recognize that maybe the of land as approach in fertility the se the term "antebellum soci­ steadily declining economic for­ rich alluvium of the West." ety" with a modern and he will tunes of the state were not entirely William Gregg urged an alterna­ Uinstantly conjure up a vision of traceable to Congress or tariffs, and tive - to diversify not just crops a "Gone with the Wind" mansion hence there came efforts to achieve but diversify the whole economy and the rustling sounds of crinoline "economic readjustment of an old by introducing industry - despite hoopskirts. Both existed "befo' de cotton state" (to use the title of a Langdon Cheves' plea that manu­ wah" - but so did many less-pretty useful modern book). Already facturing was the last resort for a things. That mansion was not so (1820s) local agricultural societies country and Calhoun's contention comfortable as we imagine ( nor as were preaching reforms: diversifi­ that mechanical enterprise could hygienic as its restoration); the cation of the economy, rotation of not succeed in South Carolina. hoopskirts and steel stays were crops, better seed, self-sufficiency, Gregg, however, pointed to abun­ (presumably) not so comfortable as use of fertilizers. (The periodic dant water power; 29,000 illiterate the mini-skirt. The Old South was mania to introduce mulberry trees "poor white" adults needing work; full of paradoxes: Carolinians were and the "silk cocoonery" industry the presence of a basic raw product; phenomenal in some of their pri­ as usual bobbed up.) and available slave labor. Some op­ vate charitable undertakings, but Geological and agricultural sur­ posed utilizing the latter (as "the used their churches to defend hu­ veys of the state were made in the ruination of good field hands"), man slavery; they had a dispropor­ 1840s and a State Agricultural Soci­ and others feared that an industrial tionately large number of colleges ety sponsored various educational community would automatically be­ but a disproportionate illiteracy efforts and practical experiments. come pro-tariff and, hence be with little schooling for the poor; But reforms faced an uphill strug­ tainted with sin from the start. they had a high per capita wealth gle: The Gulf states made a profit At Graniteville, Gregg proved to but relatively few had most of it; with low cotton prices which be a doer as well as a talker and they defended the rights of the pioneered the mill that was to be minority, but meant a particular This article is part thirteen of a the prototype for the modern minority and sincerely feared de­ series which will continue for an (since 1880) type, and here he mocracy. This society was both indefinite period of time. Dr. Lewis instituted the paternalism so long attractive and unattractive, good P. Jones is Chairman of the History typical of Southern "mill villages." and bad, sour '.l and sick. Department at Wofford College. There the entrepreneur built a

January 1970 51 "model town," sincerely consider­ groups who promoted it in the little cars about 20 miles an ing himself a benefactor for about hope that it would be the friend hour - and much faster if empty. 300 "piney woods folk" whom he that could revive their declining Piles were driven into the ground brought into industry and into a fortunes by diverting traffic going and timbers 6 by 9 inches served as town where the "factory master" down the Savannah to the rival rails, with an iron bar ( or "strap provided homes (rent: $16-25 per port. (Some visionaries would have iron," three-eighths of an inch year), a school, churches, and - un­ dammed up the stream and diverted thick) on it, upon which the wheels known heretofore to his employ­ its flow into the Holy City - and moved. In 1837, passengers left ees - regular cash wages (men, $4-5 worry later about the silt.) The Charleston at 7 a.m., reached Aiken a week; women and children, $3-4; Best Friend may have been a at 5:30 p.m., spent the night, de­ workday: 12 hours). It was a prof­ misnomer since it failed to bring parted at 7 a.m. and reached Ham­ itable venture with annual divi­ prompt prosperity - but maybe its burg at 8:30 a.m. Fare: $6.75. dends running as high as 15 per successor, "the Phoenix" which "Children ... and Coloured Per­ cent. Others followed his lead. rose from its ashes, was dubbed sons, half-price." (Some Charlestonians resisted be­ accurately. In 1842, from appropriately cause the smoke and noise seemed Travelers on the South Carolina named Branchville a line branched so unaesthetic. They should have Railroad have left us intriguing trav­ out to Columbia, and in 1846, seen Charleston smog a century elogues, but the moderns who flock another branch connected this line later.) to Tweetsie probably would not at Kingsville ( on the lower Conga­ Most Gregg-imitators were in cot­ have enjoyed it ( even if the modern ree) with Camden. In the decade of ton textiles, most were located on hysterical but non-historical cow­ the 1850s other lines probed all the streams where there were falls (and boys and Indians were thrown in way to Greenville and Spartanburg. hence "mill hills"), and most were free). Service was even worse than Trips were neither fast, comfort­ small (in 1845, all 15 employing a the contemporary railroads now able, nor cheap - but they were total of only 570). The real indus­ give as they seek to force the feasible. In 1849, passengers left trial revolution was to come be­ passengers to go elsewhere. For a Charleston at 10 a.m., had "dinner" tween 1880 and 1910, but an incu­ long time the steep grade from in something less than the Waldorf bation process had started. The Aiken down to the Ham burg termi­ in Branchville, and reached Colum­ major obstacle to industrial growth nus provided problems for the low­ bia at 5 p.m.; ticket: $6.50. was lack of capital, partially be­ powered locomotives and some Nearly all of the capital for this cause of the conviction that the hair-raising suggestions for how to network of small, separate lines was only way to economic heaven ( and overcome the difficulty. Too hur­ local - provided by merchants, social status) was via the plantation, riedly built, much of it had to be chambers of commerce and some and hence the available liquid capi­ reconstructed. The crews became planters. Crucial was the financial tal did not go readily to looms and public figures, the conductor com­ role of state and local governments spinning frames. (Outside capital porting himself with painful dignity which both bought stock and made which fetched "colonialism" to the indicated by a large badge and a loans to the roads. Unlike its two South was a thing of the future.) In stovepipe hat. Planters gained extra neighbor states, however, South 1849, Hammond was warning his income by providing woodpiles for Carolina never owned outright and fellow planters of their folly - their fuel along the line. Normally oper­ operated any railroads. high cost of production - arguing ating only during the day, occa­ In their concern for a renaissance that the state could create with an sional night runs involved putting a after the doldrums of the 1820s, investment of $40 million some flat car ahead of the locomotive other Carolinians emphasized hu­ 35,000 jobs (to be held by what he and carrying there a barrel of flam­ man resources rather than econom­ estimated to be 50,000 non-self ing tar - a veritable pillar of fire by ic organizations, however, and thus supporting whites). His speech was night that must have added to the provided the state with a quite widely applauded - but his advice impact which the new small mon­ varied educational program. Key was largely ignored. ster made on its time. (When train­ institution was the academy, coun­ Just as earlier would-be reviv­ terrified mules ran away with his terpart of the modern secondary or alists loudly touted transportation wagon, a driver was once asked why high school and often taught by by canals, between 1830 and 1860 he didn't hold the team. "Hold on? ministers. (Some were miscalled the new craze was the iron horse. How the devil could you expect me "colleges.") Basically, these were The story of the South Carolina to hold on, when I saw Hell in what today would be classed as Railroad of the 1830s needs no harness coming down on me!") private schools, or tuition schools, retelling where space is so abbrevi­ Completed in 1833, the road was with the prevailing view that educa­ ated; the name of its locomotive, 136 miles long and had two loco­ tion was a private responsibility. the Best Friend, aptly reflected motives. Of only about six horse­ Some had been started in the 18th the hopes of Charleston commercial power each, they could carry six century by local groups, such as the

52 Sand lapper St. David's Society, for example, masters." Negroes. Churches aided in the ef­ begun in 1777 for "founding a There were many reasons for this fort - mainly in Sunday schools. public school in the Parish for weak system: poverty; sparseness On the college level, the state educating youth of all Christian of a scattered, rural population; exerted itself considerably. State denominations in the Latin and lethargy of the poor; and, most of universities were a Southern innova­ Greek languages, writing, mathe­ all, the attitude of the ruling, prop­ tion designed for the specific pur­ matics, arithmetic and useful erty class who, as one phrased it in pose of training an elite leadership. branches of literature." (The place 1844, were "sometimes indisposed Certainly the influence of South of the Society's institution: Soci­ to send his children to seminary Carolina College indicates success in ety Hill.) Like other similar organi­ where the children of Tom, Dick, this purpose, for that institution zations, sponsors of this one con­ tributed scholarships for some who could not afford it. In its appeal for funds in 1784, the Mt. Zion Society (at Winns­ boro) noted, "If ever a South Caro­ linian had reason to blush for his state, it must be when he con­ sidered that it had been settled upward of a century without having produced one academy of note." This verdict was premature because it was soon undone by the dis­ tinguished and famed rural acad­ emy for boys run by the Rev. Moses Waddel after 1804 at Willing­ ton (modern McCormick Coun­ ty) - a true "light in the wilder­ ness." As far as public (tax-supported) education was concerned, the South ranked below the rest of the nation - and South Carolina below the South. In theory, an 1811 law provided that those without funds -Photo courtesy Southern Railway System The wood-burning Best Friend of Charleston made its first regular run on Dec. 25, could send their children to school 1830. It was the first locomotive built in America for regular railroad service. to learn elementary reading, writing and arithmetic. For this, each dis­ and Harry are brought together in a had a tremendous effect on state trict (i.e., county) received annually vulgar communion." Edward J. attitudes and history. Like other $300 for each member in the Legis­ Pringle noted that the happiness of state schools, this secular school lature. If too many applied, first each class "depends upon each be­ was under sectarian influence choice went to "poor orphans and ing in his true position." (Some (largely Presbyterian) and often had the children of indigent and necessi­ might say "keep in his place.") ministers on its faculty; in 1813 its tous parents." (Hence they were Other leaders fought vainly for student body included 177 Presby­ often called "poor schools.") With more general education, with J. W. terians, 31 Episcopalians, 20 Bap­ this pitiful budget, most districts Tucker of Spartanburg deploring tists, and fewer Methodists. Capt. did not build schools but handed (1853) that "European monarchies Basil Hall, an English traveler, out the funds in "tuition grants" to have done more for diffusion of noted in 1829 there were many parents (who were willing to take elementary knowledge among their dropouts because of the "difficulty the pauper's oath) to send their subjects than our state among her in persuading young men to remain children to existing tuition schools. people." long enough in training, to acquire As Gov. George McDuffie lamented In the backwash of abolitionism, an adequate amount of classical in 1835, "It seems to be generally a law forbade education of Negroes. knowledge. . . . The high stimulus admitted that this charitable fund The amazing aspect of Negro educa­ to early marriages ... and the en­ has been productive of very little tion was not their nearly-total igno­ terprising, UNCONTROLLABLE benefit and been perverted in many rance, but the fact that it was not spirit of the Southern planters in instances to the support of indige­ total. In Charleston, the law was particular, come sorely in the way nous and incompetent school- ignored as schools operated for free of those patient studies, those

January 1970 53 nights and days of laborious appli­ cohol - with 50 to 80 per cent of could expect leniency, and class, cation, by which alone scholars or the crimes being liquor-connected; society and background could play mathematicians can be formed." the prevalent habit of all classes to their roles. In 1837, an Edgefield (Despite all world alterations, the go armed ("Any man is considered woman was convicted of infanti­ next 141 years have not altered his imprudent who does not"); public cide, but the local editor proved to truth.) events where lonely unsophisticated be a true gentleman: "The female To save their children from people always gathered (sales days, is said to have previously sustained Satanic influence at Columbia, be­ muster day, July 4, a political rally, an excellent character, and her ginning with Furman the churches court week) and soon were carried name is withheld to avoid adding a launched their very sectarian insti­ away by the contagious exuberance pang to the already lacerated feel­ tutions - probably too many. De­ of the crowd drawn together. One ings of her unhappy relatives, many spite the strong denominationalism New Englander described the "rude of whom are very respectable." In and the pious hopes that the secuiar unpolished race" who on these another trial, the judge directed a and sectarian would be distinctively grand occasions were just "standing verdict of non-guilty in the case of different, they were quite simi­ about in public places all day, a legislator accused of hog steal­ lar: Preachers on faculties, strictly gaping and staring at every body ing - because the jurist felt it was classical education, prescribed cur­ and every thing that was in any "more important that so foul a riculum, low salaries, strong literary degree new." Such occasions were stain should be kept off the charac­ societies, numerous student rebel­ combustible for the inevitable ter of the district, than a hog thief lions and unrest. swashbucklers who often ended should be punished." Girls' schools also began - "fe­ shooting, stabbing, fighting or eye­ In the absence of a state peniten­ male seminaries," "colleges," gouging, very often while consider­ tiary or adequate jails, many pun­ "academies" - terms never too ably "under the influence." Such ishments were physical. County clear or accurately descriptive. Per­ was not South Carolina at its best (district) jails were at best foul, but haps the state launched too many or its most civilized. local officials had the responsibility "colleges," only one really being As many as half the criminal of carrying out punishment - in­ strong. But even then the class­ indictments drawn were for murder cluding hanging. Negroes were rare­ conscious leadership and the sta­ or attempted murder, and a large ly in court, the slaves' offenses tus-seekers saw "going to college" number of the accused were young usually being punished by planters, as one of the things "being done." (under 16), with a Chesterfield although they were subject to vari­ Hence, in 1860, when the South jury's protesting (1828) that the ous special state laws (the "slave had only 25 per cent of the U.S. younger generation was "growing code") and numerous municipal or­ white population, it had half the up in idleness and dissipation al­ dinances - most of which were de­ colleges, employed half the teach­ most invariably" and a Laurens signed to protect the institution ers, had 40 per cent of the students. editor's concluding that "Young and to make escape difficult and White South Carolina, with one­ America is running mad." Jurors dangerous. In the toils of the law, fourth the population of Massachu­ were tolerant with these - simply the poor slave had few rights and setts, had five more colleges than because they were "just boys." But little chance unless his master was did that state - in quantity. juries were lenient anyhow since present in his behalf. While basic education was being the law dictated such severe penal­ The state continued to be ruled neglected, the average crime rate ties for relatively minor offenses, by its upper class - which was open doubled between 1810 and 1850 in and hence the jurors preferred to to men of talent, manners and a rural state which often still acquit rather than to see the shock­ property. These leaders resisted showed frontier characteristics and ingly harsh sentences imposed. changes in "the Establishment" and which impressed visitors with its They often were willing to rational­ mistrusted democratic innovations extensive violence. Weary of crimes, ize and overlook "manifestations of being tried in other Southern states. the editor of the Laurensville Her­ manly spirit." Rioting, brawling In a 1969 book about local and ald in 1850 expressed the determi­ and murder were casually tolerated state government of the antebellum nation to cease "to sicken the heart sometimes, being sloughed off as South, the phrase "with the excep­ of the too sensitive on the dark "exercising hot blood" (presumably tion of South Carolina" recurs deeds of the guilty." The truth was a virtuous trait!). But while crimes again and again. All six governors that he probably was threatening to against the person were often readi­ elected in the state during the disappoint grievously his readers ly tolerated, crimes against prop­ 1850s were prominent social lead­ who lacked much else for excite­ erty were not - and a common ers and wealthy plantation owners; ment or entertainment. thief, and particularly an arsonist, all came from heavy black districts; Contemporary observers general­ might be sent to the gallows forth­ five of the six owned over 100 ly agreed on the reason for the with. slaves, and all of them owned more prevalence of so much violence: al- Women arrested in crime usually than $150,000 in property.

54 Sand lapper South Carolina legislators were Rosser Taylor, in our only gener­ cieties of every variety - Sunday more predominantly native-born al social history of the state, lists Schools, temperance groups, stu­ than those of any state in the the traits of the gentry: individual­ dent contingents); as one reads the Lower South (92.3 per cent in ism (partially due to isolated liv­ gleeful descriptions of these fre­ 1850), and their median age higher ing); exaggerated concept of per­ quent "processions" in weekly (1850: House, 39; Senate, 45) than sonal honor; benevolence; military­ newspapers, he wonders who was elsewhere. More than half of them mindedness (with everybody in the left to watch the parade. The pro­ owned over $25,000 in personal militia, where "activity" consisted cession would be followed by a property in 1860, and 26 over of a most sociable annual muster); good solid patriotic address ( one to $100,000; the median: $26,000 hospitality and charm of manner; two hours), a reading of the Decla­ for the House, and $50,000 for the deference for women (i.e., "la­ ration, and a public dinner or bar­ Senate. For real property, the sta­ dies"). Not all their traits were becue to the accompaniment of tistics were equally impres­ happy; as Mary Chesnut, famed many toasts. Gregariously seeking sive - about triple that of legisla­ Camden diarist, described one, any event that provided an excuse tors in other Deep South states. Of "Yes, he is easy to find. Wherever to break the monotony, the public this group in 1850, 80.5 per cent there is a looking glass, a bottle, or always seemed "delighted to hon­ were slaveholders (Georgia: 69.7 a woman, there he will be also." or" any "public man" who invaded per cent; Louisiana, 42.6 per cent), Festivities brought together the the neighborhood - and thereby to and 53.5 per cent owned enough different classes of this scattered, launch another procession and have slaves to be classed as planters. As rural society: Southerners celebrat­ a barbecue. (In 1856, the village of Ralph Wooster summarized it, ed the Fourth of July with enthusi­ Ninety-Six had speeches by Preston South Carolina "was still the asm and always with parades and Brooks and Robert Toombs and 'stronghold of the landed aristoc­ "processions" (involving militia dispensed 10,000 pounds of bar­ racy' and the least democratic state companies, volunteer firemen, "dis­ becue from six tables 200 feet long.) in the lower South." tinguished citizens in carriages," so- Such conclaves were popular m

The South Carolina railway system in 1860. Most of the capital was raised by local merchants and planters.

January 1970 55 an unsophisticated society with few as the cornerstone of the republic; among the country gentry of Eng­ opportunities for socializing or en­ in 1837, Calhoun denied it was evil; land. The theory was fine - espe­ tertainment, and hence in those and in 1843, Hammond defined it cially for those released for think­ blessed pre-TV days any incident as "a moral and humane institution, ing deep thoughts and dreaming of could become a Happening, First productive of the greatest political trips to the Springs; but it was Class. For example, Spartans in and social advantages." George neither very consoling for the Ne­ their little village of 1,170 were Fitzhugh of Virginia consoled many groes ( a majority of South Carolina promised "good speaking and bet­ by saying that slavery was an anti­ population), nor did it flatter the ter eating" when the first train dote to socialism, and he charged middle class, yeomen farmers and arrived in 1859. With great pride, that "wage slavery" in Northern poor whites ( a majority of South the local press described the industry was a much harsher system Carolina whites). Some even have 8-15,000 pilgrims who swarmed in than Southern slavery - that a free questioned the volume of thought for "The Great Railroad Barbecue," society with such an industrial pro­ production that actually stemmed prepared by cooks who for two letariat sooner or later would end in from those released for "thinking days "like working fiends at Pluto's anarchy . Calhoun increasingly deep thoughts." furnaces, had been boiling the vic­ echoed such sentiments - so that Hence it perhaps was fear ( or tims to appease insatiate appetite." Richard Hofstadter wrote an essay guilt?) as much as pride that during By contrast, a still somewhat Puri­ about him entitled "The Karl Marx the "economic readjustment of an tan New England observed but did of the Master Class." old cotton state" caused the leader­ not celebrate Christmas, whereas in Churchmen followed meekly ship to drop back from one defense South Carolina it was a festive and along - consoling Southern con­ position to another, getting steadily gay holiday with even the slaves sciences and seeking to confute more rigid, more emotional, more receiving gifts and about 10 days abolitionists by a large mission ef­ belligerent, as their society was free from labor. (At least, a disillu­ fort to Christianize the blacks and threatened ( or as they thought it sioned, puzzled Santa Claus did not provide both churches and services was threatened) by outside forces yet find himself atop a motorized for them, but arguing all the while from 1832 to 1860. Too much this monster where he had been perched that slavery was ordained of God soci€ty - a most pleasant society by some energetic chamber of com­ and preaching unceasingly from for some - leaned totally on the merce.) such texts as "Servants, obey your survival of one facet of it: the The gentry leaders were peculiar­ masters"; "Well done, thy good and "peculiar institution." And as the ly self-conscious of their role, and faithful servant"; and, consolingly pace-setters became neurotic about .' after the Vesey Rebellion of 1822 but aptly, "This world is a sorrow­ it, every minor issue appeared to be 1 I and the Nullification Crisis of 1832 ful place; not one of us yet ever saw a cataclysm. As they defended slav­ I they were on the defensive - and the man that had no sorrow, that ery as a moral issue and saw oppo­ I particularly so about the institution had no sickness, no hard, painful nents of it as sinners (with the of slavery on which their whole work." critics also introducing their inter­ society unhappily rested. In this It was James H. Hammond who pretation as a moral matter), com­ defense, the non-slaveholders were developed the "mud sill theo­ promise became impossible. One firm allies: After all, they could ry" - that all fruitful civilizations can compromise economic and po­ hope that they too might yet be­ rest on the exploitation of labor; in litical issues, but one does not come wealthy enough to ascend the the South, this was glibly accepted easily compromise on moral­ ladder. This almost neurotic con­ because of the unquestioning ac­ ity - especially if one concludes cern, heightened by the aboli­ ceptance of the innate inferiority of that he has a monopoly on moral tionists who dominated the Negroes, incapable of rising above wisdom. 1830-60 "Reform Era" of United servile labor. As Chancellor William States history, nudged white Caro- Harper saw it, the South was partic­ READING LIST FOR THE LAYMAN linians who · ceased making their ularly "fortunate in that it had a uneasy excuses for slavery and be- civilization based on the necessary D. D. Wallace, "History of South Caro­ gan presenting a counterattack, inequalities that arise from racial lina," II, chaps. 72, 74, 77 ; III, chaps. "the positive-good theory." In it differences." With a naturally ser­ 81-84. they argued almost violently that vile race present to do the labor, D. D. Wallace, "South Carolina: a Short History," chaps. 36, 38, 39, 45-47. the slaves were better off than were "the superior race was released for Rosser H. Taylor: "Ante-Helium white laboring men elsewhere. They productive employment in the South Carolina: a Social and Cultural charged that it was not "unpaid fields of literature, statecraft, and History" ( 1942). labor" but a work• system that had invention." Such was not origi- Jack K. Williams : "Vogues in Vil­ rewards and various forms of built- nal: Greeks and Romans had used lainy: Crime and Retribution in Ante­ Bellum South Carolina" (1959). in "social security." In 1835, the same rationalizing - and some Alfred G. Smith: "Economic Read­ George McDuffie portrayed slavery similar concepts had prevailed justment of an Old Cotton State" (1958).

56 Sandlapper l9 OL6 r iC.a:muvr

L~V :1own3snw VI8Wn10J By Marian S. Marsh

here's a treasure chest in the the South, was a place where you Art Association memberships is an Columbia Museum of Art. It's kept things "too good to throw important element in the financial Tnot filled with gold yet, but it away and not good enough for the support of the museum, the bene­ may be. This massive old chest, family to keep." fits of the museum are free to every which once belonged to the Duke Dr. Craft defines a museum as "a citizen. The Columbia Art Associa­ of Buckingham, is located near the resource for growth." It should be, tion operates the Art Museum, the information desk, in full view of all according to him, "an agency for Science Museum, and the Richland who visit the museum. education and for recreation-it Art School. The association hires Across the chest is a brightly­ should be a visual story of the past, the director who in turn hires the painted sign which reads, "Support an interpretation of the present and rest of the staff. Dr. Donald D. your Museum-even if you can't be perhaps a soothsayer of the Crawford is assistant director. a big spender." In the bottom of future." The Columbia City Council the chest is a small treasure of In its first year, the museum appoints the Columbia Museum of pennies, nickels, dimes and dollars. received 20,000 visitors. Now over Art Commission which owns all real This chest represents a dream. It 150,000 annually attend the var­ property. Mayor Lester L. Bates is began principally as the dream of ious activities of the museum. Dr. honorary chairman of the com­ the director of the Columbia Craft hopes the museum has con­ mission. Museum of Art, Dr. John R. Craft, tributed to the ideas and growth of This is the Columbia Museum of but it is now the dream of many. the community and statistics bear Art today. What about the future? Dr. Craft came to Columbia in him out. In 1968, the museum That is where the dream comes in­ 1949 to advise a group of Colum­ sponsored a total of 1,970 activ­ a dream of an expanded museum, a bians who wanted to start an art ities. These included concerts, sort of cultural complex which museum. This group ( chiefly mem­ films, lectures, planetarium shows, would encompass the four-acre bers of the Columbia Art Associ­ and tours. There were, in addition block bounded by Gervais, Pickens, ation) had no money, no art and no to the permanent collections, 94 Senate and Bull streets. Several prospects. They had only an old temporary exhibits. years ago, Dr. Craft convinced the house, the Taylor Mansion (built in The permanent collections of the trustees that the whole block would 1903) on Senate Street which makes Columbia Museum of Art include be needed for expansion and in the up the oldest part of the present Renaissance art from the Samuel H. fall of 1968 the land acquisition structure. The group had $5,000 and Kress Foundation; early South was completed. This much of the another $1,000 to convert the house Carolina silver, jewelry, pottery and dream has come true. The museum into a museum. Dr. Craft, who was at furniture; artifacts of Spanish­ now owns all property within this that time at the museum at Hagers­ Colonial days; and contemporary block. town, Maryland, told them to forget art collections of paintings, draw­ The dream calls for a museum it-they weren't ready. ings, graphic arts and sculpture. In center, a cultural complex that But the desire for a museum was 1968 more than 100 art items were would serve the needs of not only strong and Dr. Craft ignored his added to the permanent collections. Columbia but all the state of South own advice and stayed on to be­ The Richland Art School, oper­ Carolina. Actual plans are, of ne­ come director of the museum. In ated by the Columbia Art Asso­ cessity, very tentative and nebu­ 1950, the museum was born, an ciation, offers classes in painting, lous at the moment. Current think­ offspring of the Columbia Art Asso­ drawing, sculpture, ceramics, graph­ ing calls for four centers: for the ciation which celebrated its 50th ics and craftwork. Also available to visual arts, the performing arts, the anniversary in 1965. At that time those wishing to do research is the sciences, and the creative arts. there were only a few quality museum's library. One estimate places the cost of museums in the Southeast. The Dr. Craft says that although the such a complex at $7 million. Dr. concept of a museum, especially in money collected from Columbia Craft admits it might run even

58 Sandlapper higher. Where would the money seems to offer geographical advan­ of living off ancestral fat and not come from? Dr. Craft hopes the tages that would support this con­ developing cultural muscle of its state will move in the direction of cept. Dr. Stephenson believes this is own." accepting that responsibility. a logical place for a state museum. What would such a cultural com­ Many people see the necessity There seems to be considerable plex, either as an expansion of for a state museum for South Caro­ momentum building in favor of present museum facilities or pos­ lina. One very interested person is such a museum, but as yet no def­ sibly as a state museum, mean to Dr. Robert L. Stephenson, director inite plans have been laid out by South Carolina? Here's what a few of the Institute of Archeology at either state officials, the university or of the experts say. the University of South Carolina. museum officials. But whatever lies Bob Hickman, director of the Dr. Stephenson believes that South ahead, it seems certain that South Sou th Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, says that he "strongly favors" such ~ a cultural complex. "Columbia has already done a good job in develop­ ing art appreciation. A well-con­ ~ ~. ceived, well-designed cultural center could have a tremendous impact on travel promotion in the state. It would also mean a great deal to the school children. It would be very ap­ propriate to have such a center in the capital city. There is now, more than ever before, more interest in South Carolina in the finer things of life." Paul Cook, formerly with the State Development Board and now with the Southern Travel Directors Council in Atlanta, agrees with him. He says, "Anything cultural is def­ initely a tourist asset and adds to the image the state projects. Our heritage is promotable to the trav­ eler." Cook, who would label South Carolina's cultural role as "reti­ cent" rather than backward, blames the attitude of the aristocracy, the Carolina is fortunate to have men Carolinians can look forward to state's lack of money and the con­ such as Dr. Craft and Milby Burton, exciting developments in the servatism of South Carolinians. the director of the Charleston museum resources of the state. David C. Sennema, who heads Museum. If Dr. Craft's dream of a cultural the South Carolina Arts Commis­ Through the efforts of Dr. complex comes true, it could fill sion, agrees that there is new cultural Stephenson and others interested in many needs. He says the city needs awareness in South Carolina. He says the formation of a state museum, a decent place for music and that there have been expressions of the South Carolina State Museums theatre and he doesn't believe the interest from various sources in mak­ Association was formed in July Coliseum fills this need. ing the Columbia Museum of Art a 1969. Dr. Eugene Kingman of the He points out that although in state museum. He hopes that all the Joslyn Museum in Omaha, Ne­ colonial days Boston and Charles­ arts would be encompassed in any braska, was invited to make an ton were considered the seats of such program. appraisal of the prospects for devel­ culture, there came a time when The cultural complex is still only oping a state museum. Dr. Kingman South Carolina stopped producing. a dream; but dreams have a way of toured the museum facilities of the Dr. Craft does not believe that the coming true when energetic and state and, in voicing his approval of traditional excuse, that is, the War foresighted men such as Dr. Craft the project, cited the necessity for a Between the States, completely and the many others get behind close tie among the state's univer­ explains this decline in the arts in them. Surely, if this dream comes sities and museums. South Carolina. He believes com­ true, it will be a treasure chest for The four-acre block now owned placency is also a factor. "South all of South Carolina. by the Columbia Museum of Art Carolina," he says, "is in the habit Marian Marsh is from Columbia.

January 1970 59 -Photos by Maxie Roberts

60 iss Jofreida Huggins has let her Columbia home go to the Mdolls. There is hardly a square inch left in the small house that doesn't have a dancing, crying, antique, foreign, novelty or decorative doll. Her collection numbers well into the thousands and includes charac­ ter, historical, Biblical, caricature, rag, and pipe cleaner dolls - plus such oddities as a male and female flea dressed in full wedding regalia and housed in a fingernail-sized box. 4 She also has a quarter-inch bean ·- ~~- · - -· filled with 12 hand-carved ivory / ; ~ -~. Th elephants; and she has a walnut that ~-- .._~ , opens to reveal an elaborately deco­ ~-...r.r:11 rated palace. ·- e Doll Lady

By Patricia G. McNeely

61 Miss Huggins plans to turn her dolls into a full-time business when she retires. She has taken a course in hospital care for dolls and wants to open a doll hospital.

A portion of the dolls stay "on the road" now. Miss Huggins will­ ingly loans groups of dolls to churches, scouts, history classes, fairs and civic organizations. The best- traveled group is the United Nations collection featuring authen­ tically costumed dolls from every country in the U. N. The doll lady knows each doll in her collection by name and knows instantly if one is missing. "Honest­ ly, to me they're people," she explained. "If you had handled these dolls as much as I have and dressed them by hand and ordered imported baskets and feathers to go with them, you'd remember them all too." Miss Huggins never dresses a doll unless the costume is an authentic reproduction. "For instance, I was once interested in dressing the wives of all the presidents in their inaugural ball costumes, but that would cost a fortune, and I proba­ bly wouldn't be able to get the exact material. If a dress has been de­ scribed as being of gold brocade with red and blue embroidered scrolls, then that's exactly the kind of material I'd want to use." (The doll lady has spent as much as six months looking for material that would answer the description in a history book or encyclopedia.) Friends who know about Miss Huggins' hobby frequently drop by Miss Huggins' hobby began in would be a little larger. with scraps of material. "But I can't 1955 when she became ill and was "One day a box was already use very much of it," she said. "I told she would have to stay in bed open when I got it," she chuckled. might be able to use one piece of several months. "I kept trying to "The mailman confessed that he material out of a pile, but if it think of something that I could had watched the dolls come every doesn't sound exactly like what I'm do," she recalled. "Finally I saw month, and he just couldn't stand it looking for, I can't use it." some little doll kits in one of my any longer; so he opened it to get a The elegant coiffures on many of hobby books and sent off for one. peek." Miss Huggins' dolls are handmade. After I got well, I found that I was As time passed, the dolls filled a "I order large quantities of hair, so interested in dolls that I kept closet, then two closets, and then and then I comb and set it in styles getting more kits and dressing more began spilling out into her house. that will go with the dolls I have in dolls." She bought a secondhand glass dis­ mind," she explained. Miss Huggins never knew what play case and set up special book­ Miss Huggins' 90-year-old moth­ kind of dolls she would receive in cases for her collection. But still the er, Mrs. Oneida Huggins, also lives the mail, and each time the crowd dolls are everywhere - in every in the doll house. Mrs. Huggins, watching her open the doll box room. who calls dolls her hobby too, still

62 Sandlapper has some of the dolls that she how much dolls can mean." On Sunday afternoons, Miss Hug­ played with as a child. Many of Miss Huggins' friends gins sometimes puts her dolls on Mrs. Huggins recalls that her bring dolls back from their travels display for friends who want to daughter played with dolls a lot to add to her collection. Her Japa­ drop by. when she was a child and always nese Geisha collection was given to "I don't do that very often any­ kept them well dressed. her almost entirely by friends. more," she said. "The last time I "I've always been interested in Lately she has also been adding did that, 200 people showed up. dolls," Miss Huggins admitted, "but dolls that are sure to be collector's But I love it. I love every minute of I never realized that my hobby items. "The original 1 7 -inch Shirley it. As long as I'm doing something would grow so big. I still use Temple doll sold for $7, but is now connected with dolls, I can't think patterns that I had when I was a worth $37 ," she related. "One of of anything I'd rather do." little girl, but now all I do is dream the earliest Barbie dresses is selling dolls and study dolls. I enjoy mak­ for $3,000 now. The first of a kind ing clothes for myself and my is always a collector's item." Patricia McNeely is from Columbia. mother too, but whenever I go to look at material, I find myself thinking, 'That piece would look good on the doll I'm working on now.'" Miss Huggins won't venture an estimate of the amount of time she has spent on her dolls. As a night duty nurse, she has to sleep during the day, but every spare minute is spent on dolls. "I sometimes even take a month or two off from work to work on my dolls," she confessed. "But when we need a loaf of bread, I have to go back to work." When Miss Huggins retires, she plans to turn her dolls into a full-time business. She has taken a course in hospital care for dolls, and wants to open a doll hospital and sell dolls and kits someday. "I don't make money out of my dolls now, and it gets pretty ex­ pensive, but someday I think that it Miss Huggins first began making dolls from kits during a prolonged illness in 1955. Below: will be a nice little business," she Miss Huggins and her 90-year-old mother surrounded by a portion of their doll collection. said. Miss Huggins dreams of having a doll hospital where little girls with broken dolls can bring them in, put them in bed and place tags on their arms - just like in real hospitals. "A lot of people think that dolls are silly for adults, but you'd be surprised at how many people still have the dolls that they played with when they were little," she con­ fided. "I remember seeing a little old lady take a doll into a doll hospital that didn't look like it was worth 25 cents. She told the man running the hospital that she'd pay as much as $25 to have the doll fixed. That just goes to show you

January 1970 63 sandlapper BOOK STORE

A2. FIRST SETTLERS OF SOUTH CAR­ For each $5. in purchases of other when Edisto Island was the center of the OLINA, 1670-1680. By Agnes L. Baldwin. books listed on this page you can buy cotton kingdom. $5.95. A history of all immigrants to S.C. up one of the bonus books below at the Bll. REFLECTIONS-THE LIGHT AND to 1680. A valuable booklet for research special price shown: TEXTURE OF CHARLESTON. By Wil­ on 17th-century S.C. Paperback $1.45. A37. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH liam H. Campbell. A brilliant new pictorial A4. WILD FLOWERS IN SOUTH CARO­ CAROLINA, VOL. I: SOUTH CARO­ survey of Charleston's architecture. $7 .50. LIN A. By Wade T. Batson. Two hundred LIN A COLLEGE, 1801•1865. By full-color photos of the 500 native plants C3. A CHARLESTON SKETCHBOOK Daniel Walker Hollis. (Reg. $5.95 ). 1796-1806. By Charles Fraser. Forty identified. $6.25. Special $1. watercolor drawings of the city and sur­ AlO. THE CATAWBA INDIANS: THE A38. VOL. II: COLLEGE TO UNI· rounding country. $3.75. PEOPLE OF THE RIVER. By Douglas VERSITY, 1865·1956. By Daniel C5. PLANTATIONS OF THE CARO­ Summers Brown. First full-length work Walker Hollis. (Reg. $5.95 ). Special LINA LOW COUNTRY. By Samuel on this tribe. $10. $1. Gaillard Stoney. Photos, maps, plans and A24. A DUTCH FORK FARM BOY. By B7. THE NEW SOUTH-GREEN· drawings of selected homes. $15. J.M. Eleazer. Turn-of-the-century farm VILLE, S.C. By Kenneth and Blanche Dl. A CORNER OF CAROLINA. By life in the "Dutch Fork." $4.95. Marsh. (Reg. $9.50). Special $3. Edith Inglesby. People, customs, fauna A40. WADE HAMPTON AND THE D12. THE SERPENT WAS A SALES­ and flora of Beaufort County. $10. NEGRO: THE ROAD NOT TAKEN. By MAN. By Zan Heyward. (Reg. $2.50). D2. DISCOVERING SOUTH CARO­ Hampton M. Jarrell. An interpretation of Special $1. LINA. By Bert W. Bierer. An amateur Sou th Carolina's political scene from C7. THIS IS OUR LAND. By Chal­ explorer's guide to S.C. Indian remains. 1865-69. $5.95. mers S. Murray. 'lbe story of the $10. A41. BENEATH SO KIND A SKY: THE Agricultural Society of South Caro­ D3. SCENIC SOUTH CAROLINA. By SCENIC AND ARCHITECTURAL lina. (Reg. $2.50). Special $1. Eugene B. Sloan. Pictorial essay covering BEAUTY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. By the entire state and supported by a con­ Please send me the books checked below: Carl Julien. Over 80 photographs of S.C. cise narrative. $6. homes, churches, gardens. $12.95. DA 2 $ 1.45 0 A100$10.00 0 0 2 $10.00 D4. THE CAROLINA-CLEMSON A43. PEE DEE PAN ORAMA. By Carl 0 A 4 $ 6.25 0 B 3 $ 5.00 0 o 3 $ 6.00 GAME: 1896-1966. By Don Barton. The highlights, standout players, coaches and Julien. Eighty-three scenes depicting the 0 A10 $10.00 0 B 4 $10.00 0 O 4 $ 6.00 historic Pee Dee River region. $10. emotional impact of the classic football 0 A24 $ 4.95 0 B 5 $ 6.50 0 010 $ 4.50 A44. SEA ISLANDS TO SAND HILLS. clash. $6. By Carl Julien. Eighty-three photographs 0 A40 $ 5.95 0 B 6 $ 5.95 0 011 $ 6.50 DlO. CAROLINA CAROLS. By Helen of southeastern S.C. plus a description of 0 A41 $12.95 0 B11 $ 7.50 0 E 4 $ 4.50 Boland King. A first collection of the its topography. $10. 0 A43 $10.00 0 c 3 $ 3.75 0 G 1 $ 3.50 poetry of Mrs. King, who has been praised by Archibald Rutledge as an A50. CHARLESTON GHOSTS. By 0 A44 $10.000 C 5 $15.00 0 G 2 $ 3.50 Margaret Rhett Martin. Eighteen legends "authentic minstrel." $4.50. 0 A50 $ 4.95 0 $10.00 0 G 3 $ 3.50 of Charleston's renowned ghosts, from o Dll. COLUMBIA, CAPITAL CITY OF the Revolution to the present. $4.95. 0 A 79 $ 4.95 0 G 4 $ 3.50 SOUTH CAROLINA: 1786-1936 (Sesqui­ centennial Edition). Ed. by Helen Kohn A79. THE SOUTH CAROLINA COOK 0 A84 $10.00 0 G 5 $ 3.50 Hennig, with MID-CENTURY SUPPLE­ BOOK. Secrets of Southern cooking by MENT, 1936-1966, by archivist Charles the S.C. Extension Homemakers Council Total for books above $----- E. Lee. Includes sections on government, and the Clemson Extension Home Eco­ education, religion, social life and in­ For each $5.00 purchase of the above books, nomics Staff. $4.95. dustry. $6.50. A84. SOUTH CAROLINA: A SHORT you can purchase one of the bonus books HISTORY, 1520-1948. By David D. below at the special price shown: E4. SOUTH CAROLINA GHOST TALES. Wallace. The authoritative political his­ 0 A37 $1.00 0 B7 $3.00 By Nell S. Graydon. Familiar and pre­ tory of the state, embodying accurate 0 A38 $1.00 0 D12 $1.00 viously unpublished ghost tales, including their origins. $4.50. descriptions of events and leaders. $10. 0 C7 $1.00 AlOO. RED CAROLINIANS. By Chapman Total for bonus books $1----- CAROLINA SERIES BOOKS. By Beth J. Milling. The basic facts of Indian his­ G. Causey and Lelia D. Darby. This Social tory in the Southeast. $10. Grand total $·----- Studies Series on South Carolina is an B3. DOWN THE CREEK. By Eddie excellent supplement for all grade levels. Finlay. Sportsmen's adventures in field, 4'10 S. C. sales tax for orders to These books are easy to read, but are forest and stream. $5. residents of S. C. $1----- written on a high interest level. $3.50 ea. B4. DEEP RIVER. By Archibald Rut­ Gl. SOUTH CAROLINA INDIANS. ledge. The complete collection, contain­ 25 cents postage and handling for G2. CAROLIN A WREN AND OTHER ing over 900 poems. $10. EACH book purchased $----- SOUTH CAROLIN A BIRDS. B5. TALES OF COLUMBIA. By Nell S. G3. SOUTH CAROLINA FORESTS AND Graydon. Highlights of the capital city's Name------~ TREES. history, from antebellum times through G4. GUIDE BOOK TO SOUTH CARO­ the years of Big Thursday. $6.50. Address------LINA. B6. TALES OF EDISTO. By Nell S. G5. SOUTH CAROLINA WILD ANI­ Graydon. Stories from the romantic- era City•------State-- Zip-- MALS. The best thing that ever happened to tomorrow. PA.L,.E~ STA.TE LIFE '7lli~ ~~ Home Office: Columbia COLUMBIA'S H

rom early ornate gingerbread, its environment. From this point proved transportation facilities, Columbia's architecture grad­ engineers have insured adequate updating of the general con­ Fually is being transformed into supporting structures, and builders struction profession and a more sleek, contemporary form. Today's have converted these dreams into broadening outlook by the general new materials-plastics, alloys and realities. public has brought about a fresh laminates-plus old materials with As a means of understanding the approach to architecture in general. new uses, such as glass, brick, stone, problems confronting Columbia Business firms are no longer com­ steel and concrete, have put a new architects and as a means of eval­ pelled to have their headquarters on face on the capital city. uating architectural progress, rep­ 'Main Street' and a decentralization Viewed from highways approach­ resentatives of a number of local of facilities to the suburbs has ing the metropolitan area, the sky­ architectural firms were asked their begun. Such things as office parks, line silhouette increasingly is be­ views on contemporary works and suburban shopping centers, neigh­ coming impressive. Main Street-at future trends in the capital city. borhood theatres, drive-in banks, Lady, and again at Laurel-has be­ The following are highlights from etc., all geared more to the con­ come the scene of a battle between some of the architects' responses. temporary and commercial aspect banks, pitting the concrete frame of Architect Charles F. Carter, of of the modern life, have extended one against the steel frame of the Lafaye, Lafaye and Associates, the boundaries of architecture far other. Soon, each towering giant comments on the local acceptance beyond the old 'Southern Colo­ will poke yet another finger into of contemporary architecture and nial' of Columbia's early years." the sky. on business decentralization to the E. Stuart Blume, of Bloom, The new look has been dictated suburbs: Cannon & Ott, Architects, shares not only by aesthetics but by "It would seem that one of the Carter's view that the old is giving function and economics, and is the biggest changes in architecture in way to the new: fruition of the dreams of practical Columbia in recent years would be "Architecture is emerging finally visionaries. It has been the role and the acceptance of contemporary into the 20th century, and the ef­ the responsibility of sensitive, ar­ architecture by the average layman. fect on the skyline of the city is tistic, understanding architects to As far back as 10 to 15 years ago, evident. Traditional ideas and utilize their special talents to pro­ anything out of the ordinary was 'styles' are beginning to abdicate duce designs which best meet the scowled upon and very seldom was to a logical, necessary union of ex­ human needs of the community in built. In the passing years, im- panding technology and architec-

66 Sandlapper ~ I LINE By Russell Maxey tural concepts geared to solve the public and commercial projects "But all is not success on one problems of a modern, affluent recently constructed show an at­ hand, or failure on the other. To society caught in a period of spiral­ t en ti on to good overall design state the obvious: 'We live in chang­ ling construction costs. The master which goes far beyond the mere ing times.' Our buildings reflect the builders of the past and their housing of certain necessary search for new methods to house coterie of superb craftsmen have functions. One can cite the recent changing functions. A totally suc­ succumbed to the economics and state government buildings, ad­ cessful building today is almost un­ efficiency of the machine. The era ditions to the University of South heard of, but looking around the of the computer is upon us. Carolina campus and the latest large City of Columbia, it is fortunate "Architecture must change, and projects on Main Street-all show­ that so much is of high caliber. At is changing, as society and tech­ ing a regard on the part of the least this shows the way to what nology become more complex. New architects for the immediate sur­ can be accomplished." architectural philosophies are roundings and for the amenities of John Califf, of Califf & Player, emerging to meet this challenge. every day life. Architects, cites progress in institu­ The result will be totally different "On the other hand, the 'ver­ tional architecture but has reser­ from our traditional concepts and nacular' buildings in the state vations about residential progress: are fascinating to ponder. The sky­ capital exhibit in general, a real lack "Rather than having one definite line indeed is changing, but it is of design quality. Vernacular archi­ style like those of other historical only the beginning." tecture can be loosely defined as periods, contemporary American Architect Phelps Bultman, of Up­ those buildings not designed by architecture ranges in design from shur, Riley & Bultman, cites the de­ professionals-and perhaps therein conservative to radical. Columbia's sign appeal of recent public and lies the problem. Buildings of so­ major new structures, built during commercial projects: called 'traditional' design are the the past decade by governmental "The optimist says that Colum­ worst offenders on our scene. We agencies, educational institutions bia's 'architectural scene' is im­ no longer live in the homogeneous and financial interests, mostly stand proving-and it is! Maybe it's society of the 18th century when midway in this range and include because, as one astute politician the most insignificant building mir­ many fine buildings. In view of the observed, 'our stomachs are almost rored a simple and direct society in basically conservative, and often full and we can begin to think of its ordered and organized design. reactionary, philosophical back­ other things.' Certainly the larger We have lost the touch. ground of the area this trend really

January 1970 67 shows great architectural progress. @ ' ' Smaller commercial buildings and religious structures generally have not fared as well. Good con­ temporary work is just about out­ numbered by frequent deviations to garish modern or decadent tra­ ditional styles. "Unfortunately in the residential field noteworthy examples of im­ aginative contemporary work are few amid the profusion of poorly detailed, pseudo-traditional houses of the speculative builder." Architect John Tabb Heyward Jr. regrets the loss of examples of some of our architectural heritage; yet, he is quick to point out that a live city is a growing city: representation. Expansion, changes "Unlike the European city, the in taste and deterioration of mater­ American skyline has from its early ials have constantly forced the re­ beginnings been a scene of constant moval of existing buildings to make change and revision. Columbia has way for new ones. Some fine certainly been no exception to this examples of architecture have been general trend since its inception in lost forever and, with them, a little 1786 when the General Assembly of our heritage. This is of course a authorized the move of the State great loss, and we should concern Capital from Charleston to a 650- ourselves with an effort to preserve acre site near Friday's Ferry on the the excellent. At the same time, the Congaree River. The site was then vital growth of Columbia is exciting open country. and should be welcomed. It indi­ "Architecturally, the city has cates that the city is alive. generally followed the trends and "A city, like any living organism, styles of the day and we find repre­ must grow and regenerate or shrivel sentatives in existence or in record and die. So, while we feel many of each major architectural period hurts as the city is pruned, we must as it occurred. Due to economic remember it is necessary for trends within the city, state, the growth. There have been few South and the nation, periods vary efforts to prune that have not at in the quality and quantity of their some time resulted in lopping off a

68 Sand lap per part that later proved to be a loss. present and the ones yet unbuilt There are those who prune at will that are excellent will remain as a and without concern. There are also part of the city as representatives of those who build at will and without the abilities and ambitions of the concern. We must study carefully people who were their contem­ and direct the city in its growth, poraries." both privately and publicly. The Architect Maynard Pearlstine is key to proper development is a concerned about the quality of constant interest and awareness of some of the local architecture and our surroundings because our lives is especially concerned about ne­ are very much affected by our glect of the city's riverfront: environment. "In the past 20 years Columbia "Each period has produced many has prospered and expanded. It is buildings that were poor examples good to be proud of this prosperity of architecture, but, along with and expansion, but it is better to be them, there are the few that are concerned about the quality of our excellent. At the moment we are in progress. Where have we really ac­ a period of highly accelerated complished something and where growth. Much is being built. Some are we laggards? @Richland County Sheriff's Office, is good, some not so good. In time "On the public side, the city Bloom, Cannon & Ott; ®IBM Building, John Tabb Heyward; (C)USC Men's Dorm, most will probably be replaced, but parking structure and Post Office Edward Stone in association with G. I like to feel and hope that those are well designed and are keys to a Thomas Harmon; (O)Senate Plaza, May­ few buildings from the past, the fuller utilization of the central core. nard Pearlstine. "The state has a fine, new office tower and library, and plans are underway for a cohesive working­ parking-mall complex. "The University of South Caro­ lina has been the major factor in showing and leading with excellent structures, integrating architecture, art, landscaping and planning in a way the rest of the city and county could well emulate. "The one major thing Columbia has not done is to make use of its Riverfront area. This is regrettable. Bold, imaginative planning could make this area delightful and a superb asset to the city.

69 "What about a 100,000 seat all­ been few; garden apartments and purpose stadium between the Ger­ housing many. The design level of vais and Blossom bridges, making these is woefully low-some are in­ use of parking and planting be­ stant slums at best. In our metro­ tween this and the Coliseum on politan area of a quarter million Assembly. people, the apartments and homes "What about apartments, town­ with real architectural merit can be houses, condominiums overlooking listed on the fingers of one hand. the river? "Columbia has passed the 'town' "The Doxiadis report [ a long­ size and badly needs county-wide, range plan prepared for the central area-wide administration, planning city development committee of the and zoning. Zoning itself needs Greater Columbia Chamber of constant review to allow town­ Commerce] hopefully will give im­ houses, condominiums in a selected petus to this as well as to a finer way in single family districts. Some city. Our existing central city is 'mixed' zoning breaks the mo­ excellent for 1890, but is hope­ notony and adds spice to the city's lessly outdated, outmoded. With life and looks. suburban centers such as Richland "All in all we're moving-I hope Mall, Dutch Square, and others the quality will improve. The final @William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, planned, we need bold planning key at the moment is to implement Lafaye, Lafaye & Associates; ®Shrine of St. Martin dePorres, Califf & Player; (C) now to hold our own in the future. the Doxiadis suggestions Rutledge Building, Lyles, Bissett, Carlisle "A Main Street Mall with parking promptly-and proceed even more & Wolff; (Q)Nathan Berry entry, Upshur, structures adjacent from Assembly forcefully. Expensive now, but Riley & Bultman. and Sumter streets is an obvious must. Somehow, the provincial, 19th-century thinking of the Main Street merchant who has to have a car in front pf his store must be overcome. "Columbia needs many more mini-parks. The beautifully de­ signed area by the Bankers Trust building is a first step only. The city should develop additional areas and go one step farther by making them functional-benches, tables, integrated concessions-handsomely conceived areas that citizens can use as well as look at. "Our high rise apartments have

70 P s=r:,e \:It ... 4 I · dS3sl4lAr .t -Skyline photos represent 360°view from the top of Capstone House, University of South Carolina. Photos by Richard Taylor.

vices in vogue at the particular time. "The whole and all of its parts should be of pleasant propor­ t i o ns--with satisfying colors and textures-and with components compatible to one another and to the whole. "A rhythmic pattern in fenes­ tration and/or other features is generally to be desired unless there are good reasons to the contrary. This tends toward orderliness and a recall of the traditions--toward making an 'understandable' as opposed to a 'foreign' creation. "It should be 'simple' and tenfold so later." 'functional' without being 'sterile.' Okay, so Columbia has some "It should be 'functionally good and some bad architecture. expressive' and have a sense of Just what is good architecture? 'direction'-so that people may 'feel According to William G. Lyles of what's going on'-and not have to Lyles, Bissett, Carlisle & Wolff, 'hunt for the front door.' Architects and Engineers, "Good "It should serve the owner's pur­ architecture can and should be poses efficiently and be well within pleasing and satisfying to laymen­ a budget the owner can afford. at least the more sensitive-who ''As architects, our basic ob­ must live with it and pay for it-as jectives are to create buildings that well as to the eye of a sophisticated will first be pleasing and satisfying designer or critic. to ourselves as a firm and, "It should fit comfortably within secondly-although equally as its surroundings--and enhance the important-be pleasing and satisfy­ community as a whole-as opposed ing to the people who use them-to to blindly following some example the community. We may and that may be good in another lo­ should at times be ahead of the cale-but that may be incongruous 'public'-we may have to 'lead'-but on the site or in the community the local community must ulti­ concerned. mately appreciate our work if we're "It should still be good a gener­ to succeed." ation hence-and not be faddish or dated within a few years by de- Russell Maxey is from Columbia.

January 1970 71 :~:•!••!·.. :• •!••:••!••:••!••!••!••!o!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••!••:••!••!••!••!••!••!••:.. : .. ! .. !••!••!••! .. !••! ...!••!••! .. !•:t ~· + i Palmetto Quiz I •;• _,... . -~ ---·. - + ~··=····= ··!·!••: ..: .. :: :•:•:•: .. :••:•:: :•: :•:•:•: :: ;.. ;.;: .. :•:••::: :: :•:•: :•:•: :: :•: :•:::::::: :,.:+

1. Which county was originally called Liberty? A. Marion; B. Oconee; C. Orangeburg 2. How many counties have Indian names? A. Three; B. Two; C. Five 3. The easternmost county is--. family fun game! A. Dillon; B. Greenwood; C. Horry Developed and copyrighted by a South Carolinian, T-VU adds fun 4. A county which borders the Savannah River. to ads. Play while traveling or A. Allendale; B. Greenville; C. Newberry watching TV. Four unique discs let 5. The capital is located in which county? 4 people play using letters from trucks, cars, signs or ads for scoring. A. Lee; B. Richland; C. Calhoun Each game complete with 4 discs 6. The seventh president of the United States was born in--county. and instructions. Get T-VU for your A. Chesterfield; B. Lancaster; C. Marlboro family. Thousands sold. 7. Which county is known for its polo matches? Only $1.25 a game including post­ age. Send check or money order to: A. Union; B. Saluda; C. Aiken DAVID BANKS & CO. 8. In which county have scientists discovered ruins of prehistoric man? P. Q_ Box 235, Dept. S 1 A. Florence; B. Beaufort; C. Abbeville St. Matthews, S. C. 29135 9. Which county holds a Watermelon Festival each summer? A. Hampton; B. Bamberg; C. Barnwell 10. The largest plant in the world for experimenting with peacetime atomic products is located in--county. The Perfect Gift for A. Aiken; B. Spartanburg; C. Berkeley Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, 11. Summerville, the "Flower Town," is the county seat of which lndiophiles, History Buffs, county? Amateur Explorers and other A. Chesterfield; B. Lee; C. Dorchester Outdoor Enthusiasts. 12. Which county has about 50 miles of Atlantic coastline? A. Calhoun; B. Jasper; C. Georgetown ~ 13. The county named for one of the first two battles of the Revolutionary War is-. :::J) Lsco-v etin; A. York; B. Lexington; C. Laurens 14. Which county is named for the son of George II of England? c£o-uf h Cato-Lina A. Williamsburg; B. Charleston; C. Clarendon 15. In which county is the Carolina Cup Steeplechase held each year? by Bert W. Bierer A. Kershaw; B. Darlington; C. Colleton

A Story About Indians, Their Local Remains and Trails

Numerous maps and color pictures.

ANSWERS:

Now on sale at your local bookstore 1. A 4. A 7.C 10. A 13. B 2. A 5. B 8. B 11 . C 14. A 3.C 6. B 9. A 12.C 15. A

72 Sandlapper American Bank & Trust introduces the most revolutionary savings program in South Carolina: Century Plan. We'll pay you 5% , compounded daily, on our new Century Savings Certificate and guarantee it 10 years. All it takes is $100. Your certificate matures every 3 months, and it's automatically renewable. If you prefer, we'll send you a check for your interest, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. Century Plan.

American Bani<~Trust. Member F 0.1 C EVENTS All activities to be considered for the Calendar of Events must be sent directly to the Activities Editor, Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 16 68, Columbia, South Carolina 29202, no later than 30 days prior to the first of the month in which the activity will occur. dance

JANUARY 19 ANDERSON-The Venezuelan Folklore Ballet. FEBRUARY 3 GAFFNEY-Limestone College-"Bach to Rock," the Katayen Dance Theatre. 9 GREENVILLE-Furman University-Royal Winnipeg Ballet . 7 SK . c1ne1na

the excitement JANUARY 13 of Seven Devils ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-"Viridiana." 21 CHARLESTON-College of Charleston-"The P.0.Box427. Boone,N.C.28607 Sheep Has Five Legs," "400 Blows." FEBRUARY 2 ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-"Hour of the Wolf." 4 CHARLESTON-College of Charleston-"The Nights of Cabiria." lectures JANUARY 7 SPARTANBURG-The Arts Center-Dr. Con­ stance Armitage, Art A.M. No. 4. 8 SPARTANBURG-Converse College-John Byars, Edward Albee's "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" 11 Where you get= GREENVILLE-Greenville County Library­ Dr. f:ewis P. _Jones, "Evidence of European Architecture m South Carolina." The best selection 12 CHARLESTON-The Citadel-Charles L. Auger, "The Colonial Period, 1670-1763"· The best deal Lecture Series Entitled "300 Years in South Carolina." 18 The best service GREENVILLE-Greenville County Library, Frank Coleman & James Buchanan, "Walnut Financing arranged Grove Restoration." 19 CHARLESTON-The Citadel-Dr. Robert S. Lambert, "The Revolution 1763-1800"· Lecture Series Entitled "300 'Years in South Carolina." The"BIG M"means more! 26 222 Main Street Columbia, South Carolina Phone 256-6301 CHARLESTON-The Citadel, Dr. George C. Rogers, "The Ante-Bellum Era, 1800-1860"; Lecture Series Entitled "300

74 Sandlapper Years in South Carolina." FEBRUARY 2 GAFFNEY-limestone College-Dr. William J. Old masters in the art Griffin, "Procrustean Criticism and Protean Critics." of investing. . music

JANUARY 5 COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ Los Indios Tabajaras. FLORENCE-Moore Junior High School Audi­ torium-Los Indios Tabajaras. 8 COLUMBIA-Township Auditorium-Ivan Davis, Pianist. 9 GEORGETOWN-Georgetown Memorial li­ brary-The Columbia Music Theatre Quar­ tet. 11 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Charles Lynman, Baritone. 13 CLINTON -Presbyterian College-Addis & Crofut, "Explorers in Song." COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ Sidney Harth, Violinist. SPARTANBURG-Converse College-Spartan­ burg Symphony and Selected Student Soloists, Concerto Concert. The Robinson-Humphrey Company. 14 Charleston and Columbia ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-Vienna Choir Boys. 15 :;;,:.,,._-~ )' . {: HARTSVILLE-Coker College-Music Majors' Recital. , .J/ --" ~"'"" j'\, \.>' ~ -$k~?!#r, ad/ ';',~ GREENVILLE-Vienna Choir Boys. :'-:(/!" ·7·-9:~"~""·t'-,_,--_.Y , :r.·k..;:_ -:!?v'\ 'I .s;~-~>_d(,,',,-_"'-·, -"'·' "';:'11, 18 • . .o _)"..., c;·~,-. ":'.'.'.'.· ·;-·I, - -·. . ' COLUMBIA-Dreher High School Audito­ rium-"Old Masters Program," The Colum­ bia Philharmonic Orchestra with Frits de Jonge, Violinist. 19 GAFFNEY-Limestone College-The Preser­ vation Hall Jazz Band. 20 ROCK HILL-Wmthrop College-Janet Bowen, Organist. 22 GAFFNEY-limestone College-Faculty Re­ cital, Dana Dixon, Pianist. 24 ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-"Music in the Church." 25 COLUMBIA-College Place Methodist Church-Columbia College Choir and Solo­ ists, Winter Concert. 27 GREENVILLE-Furman University-Mozart's "Requiem." GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium-Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. _/_ 29 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. HARTSVILLE-Hartsville Center Theatre­ PALMETTO QUARRIES Piedmont Chamber Orchestra. A COLUMBIA INSTITUTION SINCE 1915 31 CAMDEN-Columbus Boychoir.

January 1970 75 The money market dries up, and the rain~

And the building stops. Because some­ friendly. After all, we're not in busi­ tions and pr where along the line something stops ness to give builder~ a hard time. the money. Yod' the steady flow of hard cash. Obvi­ We're in business to make money.We ing. For mor ously that's no way to do business. make land acquisition, development Cameron-Br And it's not the way we do business at and construction loans, as well as Wade Avenu~ Cameron-Brown. We're the largest long-term permanent financing. We Cameron-Brown mortgage banker operating exclus­ provide real estate counseling and ment Advisor to Cameron­ ively in the Southeast. Twelfth largest market research services. We help vestment Group. in the country. And we got where we with interpretations of, and compli­ are by being a lot more than just ance with, involved agency regula- Cameron-Brown FEBRUARY JANUARY 5-7, 10-14 2 6 GREENVILLE-Theatre 70 Playhouse­ GREENVILLE-Bob Jones University-New CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ "Amphitryon 38." Orleans Philharmonic-Symphony Or­ "Showboat." 5-10 chestra. 10,17 GREENWOOD-Greenwood Little Theatre­ GREENWOOD-Lander College-The Luckten­ CHARLESTON-Dock Street Theatre-"Snow "The Lion in Winter." berg Duo, Harpsichord and Violin. White and the Seven Dwarfs." 8 3 14-25 ORANGEBURG-South Carolina State Col­ SUMTER-Edmunds High School Audito­ GREENVILLE-Greenville Little Theatre­ lege-"Tell Pharaoh." rium- The Oebanoff Strings and Orchestra. "Will Rogers' U.S.A." 5-8 21-24 SPARTANBURG-Converse College-Bee­ CLEMSON-Clemson University-"All My thoven Music Festival. Sons." JANUARY 7 23-24, 28-31 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-Mack Through January 11 CHARLESTON-Dock Street Theatre-"Advise SPARTANBURG-The Gallery-"The World of McCray, Pianist and Mark Ward, Cellist, and Consent." Soloists with the Charleston Symphony Or­ Helen Moseley." chestra. 28 _Through January 21 CHARLESTON-The Citadel-"King Lear." 8 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-"Impressions of ALLENDALE-Allendale Elementary School­ 29-February 1 Music in Art." The Tucson Boys Choir. CAMDEN-Camden Community Theatre-"The Through January 23 Spiral Staircase." COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-USC Chamber FLORENCE-The Florence Museum-Paintings Music Concert. 31 by William Halsey. COLUMBIA-Drayton Hall-"The Concept." 9 Through January 25 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Paintings by Ray CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-The 31-February 1 Ambassadors from Preservation Hall. Pierotti. COLUMBIA- Fort Jackson Theatre No. Through January 28 10 4-"The Summertree." CLEMSON-Clemson University-"What Is CH AR LES TON-Municipal Auditorium-The FEBRUARY Modem Architecture?" Pittsburgh Symphony. 2-8 Through January 31 FLORENCE-McClenaghan High School­ COLUMBIA-The Workshop Theatre-"Look CLINTON-Presbyterian College-Ron Meyers, Roberta Peters, Metropolitan Opera Back in Anger." Pottery. Soprano. 4 COLUMBIA-The Studio Gallery-Betty Fryga, NEWBERRY-Newberry College-The Berk­ SUMTER-Sumter Little Theatre-"The Odd Ceramics. Couple." shire Chamber Players. COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ 4-7 Experimental Painting by Vic Huggins. CHARLESTON-Dock Street Theatre-"Advise GREENVILLE-Furman University-Pain tings theatre and Consent." of Marie Wuestenberg . assurance in• insurance• --- Comprehensive coverage from leading companies for fire, theft, liability on homes, autos, boats, furniture. Our experience is your assurance of insurance protection that really protects. ·~~'1 BOYLE-VAUGHAN AGENCY COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA

January 1970 77 5-19 30-February 15 SPARTANBURG-The Aug. W. Smith Gal­ CLEMSON-Qemson University-College of Interesting, lery-Photographs by Gideon Peteri. Architecture Faculty Exhibit. 6-February 1 FEBRUARY SPARTANBURG-The Arts Center-Paintings 2 Unusual Iten1.s and Sculpture by Jean McWhorter. COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Watercolor Dem­ onstration by Harold Holly. 7-February 8 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-"Pointillism: and Services The Circle of Seurat." 9-February 1 miscellaneous ><::>< >CX ><::>< >CX >CX ANT IQ U ES >CX ><::>< ><::>< >CX><::>< CHARLESTON-Gibbes Art Gallery-"Seaports JANUARY PICRICCORN HOUSE. 1601 Richland St., Colum­ 300." Tiuough January 31 bia, S. C. 29201. Integrity, quality, and good taste 10-23 FLORENCE-Stokes Hall Library-P. Kenneth are our aim; furniture, paintings, rugs, accessories COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Scholastic Art Huggins: Exhibit of Dispensary Bottles. and gifts are displayed in the interesting setting of a Awards Exhibit. large 18th century house. 13-15 10-February 1 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-March GREENVILLE-County Museum of Art­ of Dimes Antique Fair. NOTTINGHAM ANTIQUES. 166 Alabama St., Spartan­ Jeanet Dreskin, Paintings, Prints and Col­ burg, S. C. 29302. Dealer to the discriminating. 18th 18-24 lages. dnd 19th century furniture. Decorative accessories. CHESTER-Jaycee Week. 31-February 3 30 CHARLESTON-Gibbes Art Gallery-American GAFFNEY-Limestone College-Miss Lime­ CONSULT OUR PROFESSIONAL and talented Interior Watercolor Society Exhibit. Designer. See our d1stinct1ve collect1on of old silver, stone College. needlepoint rugs, crystal, porcelain .:rnd gifts. Pal­ 14 31-February 1 metto Interiors, 1000 Gerva is St., Columbia, S. C . CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ GEORGETOWN-5th Annual Camellia Show. Sculpture Demonstration by Willard Hirsch. 19201 FEBRUARY c:x><::><>CX><::><><::><>= BOOKS e:><><::><>CX><::><><::><>= 18-February 15 2 SUMTER-The Art Gallery-The State Art Col­ CHARLESTON-Charleston County Library­ GITTMAN'S ON DEVINE. 2019 Devine St., C olumbia, lection. "Book Evening," Four Books by Charles­ S. C. 29205. Ph. 254-5505. Retailers of new books, 20-March 8 tonians, about Charleston. prints, fine b in dings, specializing in South Caroliniana SPARTANBURG-The Gallery-"Southeastern and the Confederacy. Mail orders welcomed. Juried Show." THE BAYLOR SCHOOL OLD BOOKS, 65,000 carefully classified. Catalogs free . 24-February 12 Accredited scholarship. College prep since 1893. Boys board· Libraries purchased, appraised. The Attic, Hodges, FLORENCE-Florence Museum-Scholastic Art ing 14· 18, day 12· 18. Semi-military. Endowed awards. Ideal S C. 29653. Awards Exhibit. location. Modern facilities. New science and library building. Athletics all ages. Attend own church. SUMMER CAM P for FOUNDATION FOR HISTORIC RESTORATION, 25-February 15 boys 8-1 4. Write for illustrated catalog. Pendleton, S. C. 29670, announces publication, COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-"Drawings 145 Cherokee Road "Call of the Sea," by Robert Adger Bowen - U.S.A." Olattanooga, Tennessee 37401 $3.00--Attractive gift. All proceeds assist res­ toration workl c:x>e><>e><><::><,c:, COOK BOO KS c:x>CX>CX>CX>=

CHARLESTON RECEIPTS , TRICENTENNIAL EDITION . Excellent as gifts, collector's item, souvenir, or cook­ book library, these cherished dishes, illustrated by famous artists and spiced with Gullah verses were Jack collected by The Junior league of Charleston to support community projects. Write: Box 1775, Charles­ ton, S. C . 29402 for orders or information . $3.75 postpaid. Rabbit

:x = = = ><::>< = G I FT S = = ><::>< ><::>< ><::>< >< SUNBURST HOUSE, U.S. 378, Be rly St., Lexington, Company ... S. C. 29072. Distinguished wedding-Christmas gilts. Decorative accessories. fabrics, wallpapers, accent furniture. Selections by Interior Designers David A Carolina Institution Wessinger, A .I.D ., Edward Dick, A.I.D.

<><::><><::>< >CX>CX> N EE DLEW O RK <><=><><::><><::><>CX> We have been processing film since 1920 for WILDFLOWER NEEDLEWORK PATTERN. 12" x 18" pattern depiciting 25 S. C. Wildflowers. Pictured in people all across the U.S.A. Why not send us June, 1968 Sandlapper. Send $2.08 plus 25¢ postage and handling to: Sandlapper Press Inc., P. 0 . Box your film today for the finest quality prints, mov­ 1668, Columbia, S. C . 29202. ies and slides at the lowest prices. For complete price list and free mailing /.J -~ :_. Copy for " Interesting, Unusual Items and Services" must be received in our office by envelope, write to: ~~ ---::-- i"'''···· the filth of the month preceding the first day ot the month in which the advertisement is to ~ - '-. .._ appear. Rates, payable in advance, are: a single insertion-70¢ a word; three consecu­ tive insertions--60¢ a word; six consecutive insertions-55¢ a word; 12 consecutive inser­ J@Je& IJ@J~~]i tions-SO¢ a word. Minimum insertion 15 Spartanburg, S. C. 29301 words Request an advertising form from: Sandlapper Press, Inc., In teresting, Unusual Items and Services, P. 0. Box 1668, Columbia, Since 1920 a Carolina Institution S. C. 29202.

78 Sandlapper (Continued from page 5) America during the Revolution and of the surrender at Saratoga. Some became the artilleryman's main artillery pieces changed hands five get there? That could make an source of reference toward the end or six times. exciting tale, indeed. And if naval of that struggle. It was natural that The inset picture of me firing the cannon were not used, why is one it should also be used by the units cannon was actually a demon­ so prominently displayed in the in the Royal British Artillery. I stration of the order of firing beside picture? quote from page 94 of the above the Magazine Redoubt at Camden. cited reference: "There are three Several of the eight redoubts are E. Ted Blackman Jr. different sorts of gun (artillery) car­ presently under archeological study Atlanta, Georgia riages: namely those used in gar­ and restoration. Presently, no risons, at sea aboard ships, and in cannon batteries have been put the field. The first two differ only back in place. The following reply was provided in some iron rings, and also that the As a footnote, you may be in­ by Millard H. Osborne, a public in­ trucks or wheels of garrison car­ terested to know that British artil­ formation specialist with the S.C. riages are made of cast iron; where­ lerymen usually wore blue coats Department of Parks, Recreation as ship carriages are of wood; but with red facings ( as the Royal Artil­ and Tourism, a citizen of Camden the rest of the construction is the lery) or coats faced red and the and the gentleman who was firing same." color of the regimental facing to the cannon under question. Ed. There are countless records in which it was assigned. With certain the history of the American Revo­ exceptions, this was also true of the lution which detail the removal of fifers and drummers. My good friend James Gooding, cannon from ships for mounting on From time to time garrison guns who operates the Museum Resto­ garrison platforms. Additionally, did appear in the many forts and ration Service in Ottawa, Canada, metal was scarce and almost every posts across South Carolina. came out with a handsome reprint type of gun saw service in the war. of John Muller's "A Treatise of Most of the artillery General Gates Millard H. Osborne Artillery." This work was pirated to brought down to Camden were part Columbia, South Carolina

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January 1970 79 In the Finest American Tradition:

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The collected articles from our first year's issues, many of which are now out of print

All articles from the 1968 issues of Sandlapper have postage and handling and 60 cents S. C. sales tax. Not been consolidated in a handsome, hard-bound volume, inexpensive, but a bargain when one considers the quality aptly named Sandlapper 1968. of the cloth binding and paper and lavish use of color. Articles in this 724-page book feature interesting Whether you are a collector of Caroliniana or desire people, places and things throughout the state, and are to present it to a friend, relative or business acquaintance geographically arranged as follows: Low Country, Up who is, you can be assured that Sandlapper 1968 will be Country, Midlands and Statewide. Abundant illustrations appreciated. -many in full color-depict the state from the mountains In fact, if you're purchasing Sandlapper 1968 for a gift, to the sea. you might be well advised to purchase two copies. We The cost of this magnificent book is $15, plus 50 cents think you'll want to keep a copy!

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