Seed Dispersal in the Anthropocene
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Natural History of Japanese Birds
Natural History of Japanese Birds Hiroyoshi Higuchi English text translated by Reiko Kurosawa HEIBONSHA 1 Copyright © 2014 by Hiroyoshi Higuchi, Reiko Kurosawa Typeset and designed by: Washisu Design Office Printed in Japan Heibonsha Limited, Publishers 3-29 Kanda Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0051 Japan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. The English text can be downloaded from the following website for free. http://www.heibonsha.co.jp/ 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1 The natural environment and birds of Japan 6 Chapter 2 Representative birds of Japan 11 Chapter 3 Abundant varieties of forest birds and water birds 13 Chapter 4 Four seasons of the satoyama 17 Chapter 5 Active life of urban birds 20 Chapter 6 Interesting ecological behavior of birds 24 Chapter 7 Bird migration — from where to where 28 Chapter 8 The present state of Japanese birds and their future 34 3 Natural History of Japanese Birds Preface [BOOK p.3] Japan is a beautiful country. The hills and dales are covered “satoyama”. When horsetail shoots come out and violets and with rich forest green, the river waters run clear and the moun- cherry blossoms bloom in spring, birds begin to sing and get tain ranges in the distance look hazy purple, which perfectly ready for reproduction. Summer visitors also start arriving in fits a Japanese expression of “Sanshi-suimei (purple mountains Japan one after another from the tropical regions to brighten and clear waters)”, describing great natural beauty. -
GRUNDSTEN Japan 0102 2016
Birding Japan (M. Grundsten, Sweden) 2016 Japan, January 30th - February 14th 2016 Karuizawa – E Hokkaido – S Kyushu – Okinawa – Hachijo-jima Front cover Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus, common along eastern Hokkaido coasts. Photo: Måns Grundsten Participants Måns Grundsten ([email protected], compiler, most photos), Mattias Andersson, Mattias Gerdin, Sweden. Highlights • A shy Solitary Snipe in the main stream at Karuizawa. • Huge-billed Japanese Grosbeaks and a neat 'griseiventris' Eurasian Bullfinch at Karuizawa. • A single Rustic Bunting behind 7/Eleven at Karuizawa. • Amazing auks from the Oarai-Tomakomai ferry. Impressive numbers of Rhinoceros Auklet! • Parakeet Auklet fly-bys. • Blakiston's Fish Owl in orderly fashion at Rausu. • Displaying Black Scoters at Notsuke peninsula. • Majestic Steller's Sea Eagles in hundreds. • Winter gulls at Hokkaido. • Finding a vagrant Golden-crowned Sparrow at Kiritappu at the same feeders as Asian Rosy Finches. • No less than 48(!) Rock Sandpipers. • A lone immature Red-faced Cormorants on cliffs at Cape Nosappu. • A pair of Ural Owls on day roost at Kushiro. • Feeding Ryukyu Minivets at Lake Mi-ike. • Fifteen thousand plus cranes at Arasaki. • Unexpectedly productive Kogawa Dam – Long-billed Plover. • Saunders's Gulls at Yatsushiro. • Kin Ricefields on Okinawa, easy birding, lots of birds, odd-placed Tundra Bean Geese. • Okinawa Woodpecker and Rail within an hour close to Fushigawa Dam, Yanbaru. • Whistling Green Pigeon eating fruits in Ada Village. • Vocal Ryukyu Robins. • Good shorebird diversity in Naha. • Male Izu Thrush during a short break on Hachijo-jima. • Triple Albatrosses! • Bulwer's Petrel close to the ship. Planning the trip – Future aspects When planning a birding trip to Japan there is a lot of consideration to be made. -
Impacts of Introduced Species on the Biota of an Oceanic Archipelago: the Relative Importance of Competitive and Trophic Interactions
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Impacts of introduced species on the biota of an oceanic archipelago: Title the relative importance of competitive and trophic interactions 著者 Sugiura, Shinji Author(s) 掲載誌・巻号・ページ Ecological Research,31(2):155-164 Citation 刊行日 2016-03 Issue date 資源タイプ Journal Article / 学術雑誌論文 Resource Type 版区分 publisher Resource Version ©The Author(s) 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits 権利 unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, Rights provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. DOI 10.1007/s11284-016-1336-0 JaLCDOI URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/90003466 PDF issue: 2021-10-02 Ecol Res (2016) 31: 155–164 DOI 10.1007/s11284-016-1336-0 MIYADI AWARD Shinji Sugiura Impacts of introduced species on the biota of an oceanic archipelago: the relative importance of competitive and trophic interactions Received: 30 June 2015 / Accepted: 13 January 2016 / Published online: 8 February 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Introduced species negatively impact native oceanic islands that have never been connected to a species through competitive and trophic interactions, continental landmass (Elton 1958; Reaser et al. 2007; particularly on oceanic islands that have never been Corlett 2010). Native species are considered to have less connected to any continental landmass. However, there highly evolved defensive, competitive, and reproductive are few studies on the relative importance of competitive abilities on oceanic islands that originally lacked strong interactions (resource competition with introduced spe- predators, herbivores, and competitors (Carlquist 1974; cies) and trophic interactions (predation or herbivory by Vermeij 1991; Paulay 1994). -
Okinawa Custom Tour 14Th – 17Th April, 2016
Okinawa Custom tour 14th – 17th April, 2016 Tour leader: Charley Hesse Report and photos by Charley Hesse. (All photos were taken on this tour) The endangered endemic Okinawa Rail is a ‘must see’ on the island (Charley Hesse) This short custom extension was run prior to the Taiwan set departure tour. We just visited the main island of Okinawa where we concentrated on the forested north of the island with the local name ‘Yambaru’. Our main targets were the endemic Okinawa Woodpecker & Okinawa Rail, the latter only described as recently as 1981. We saw both easily, but we were also happy to see the endemic Ryukyu Robin & Ryukyu Minivet and several Ryukyu endemic subspecies, including Japanese & Ryukyu Scops-Owls, Whistling Green-Pigeon and Japanese Wood-Pigeon. We enjoyed fantastic birding and some great night excursions on which we saw several owl species, woodcock, the rare Ryukyu long-furred rat and beautiful Akamata snake. Our lodge was perfectly located in the native forests with all the targets on our doorstep. We were lucky to have the lodge to ourselves and the very friendly and helpful staff cooked us some wonderful Japanese food. After cleaning up in the north, we birded our way back to the capital Naha, hitting several areas of rice paddies and mudflats on the way back. We saw several interesting species such as Ruddy-breasted Crake, Yellow Bittern plus the endangered East Asian endemic Black-faced Spoonbill. Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 1 14th April – Naha to Yambaru On arrival in Okinawa, we began our drive north. We left the concrete sprawl of Naha and drove along beautiful coasts towards the forested hills near Kunigami village, or its local name ‘Yambaru’. -
Josh Adams , David G. Ainley , Jay F. Penniman , Cathleen Bailey , Joy
ANTI-CYCLONIC CIRCULATION AND THE LONG-RANGE FORAGING MOVEMENTS OF HAWAI´IAN PETRELS (PTERODROMA SANDWICHENSIS) IN THE NORTH PACIFIC Josh Adams*1, David G. Ainley2, Jay F. Penniman3, Cathleen Bailey4, Joy Tamayose4, Fern Duvall5, and Holly Freifeld6 1U. S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological research Center, 400 Natural Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, [email protected]; 2HT Harvey and Associates, San Jose, CA; 3Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; 4Haleakala National Park, Makawao, HI; Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Kahului, Maui, HI, U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service Satellite telemetry studies of the movements of seabirds are now common and have revealed impressive flight capabilities and extensive distributions among individuals of many species at sea. Linking seabird movements with environmental conditions over vast expanses of the world’s open ocean, however, remains difficult. We applied a new method for quantifying the movements of far-ranging seabirds in relation to ocean winds measured by the SeaWinds scatterometer onboard the QuikSCAT satellite. We apply vector correlation to evaluate how the trajectories (ground speed and direction) of Hawaiian Petrels outfitted with satellite transmitters during the summer chick-rearing period were related to ocean winds. During three consecutive breeding seasons (2006–08), 17 birds from two colonies (Maui and Lanai) completed 23 clockwise, circular, long-distance 9716 ± 418 SE km foraging trips lasting 18.0 ± 0.9 days. We suggest that low variability in foraging trip distance (cv = 0.17) and duration (cv = 0.19) results from the petrels’ reliance on quartering tail-winds as they circle large anti-cyclones located to the north of Hawaii in the central-eastern North Pacific. -
The Wildlife in Japan
T he 日本 Wildlife in の J apan 自然 The Wildlife in Japan Published in March 2015 Chuo-godochosha No. 5, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975, Japan http://www.env.go.jp/ © Ministry of the Environment 2015 This brochure is printed on recycled paper. Edited and published by : Wildlife Division, Nature Conservation Bureau Editorial work : Japan Wildlife Research Center Design : artpost inc. Photos provided by : Hitoshi Imai, Harumi Iida, Kazuo Unno, Yoshiteru Eguchi, Katsumi Kawasaki, Kenji Kitaura, Masahide Kubota, Kano Koide, Yasumasa Kobayashi, Atsushi Sakurai, Yasushi Sugawara, Takao Sugeta, Hiroshi Takahashi, Tomonari Nakajima, Kenji Numata, Fumihiko Ban, Shinichi Hirasawa, Yukio Horiguchi, Misaki Mizukami, Kazuo Minato, Katsuhiko Mori, Noriaki Yamamoto, Shiro Yabe, Hisashi Yokota, Pika Fan Club and Society of Scientific Photography(SSP) 1 1 Flora of Japan The flora of Japan can be roughly classified into the following four categories based on the differences in temperature and precipitation: alpine zone, subalpine zone, summer-green broad-leaved forest zone and evergreen broad-leaved forest zone. The alpine zone is dominated by stone pines, the subalpine zone is dominated by spruces, and evergreen needle-leaved trees, the summer-green broad-leaved forest zone is dominated by deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Japanese beeches and Japanese oaks, and the evergreen broad-leaved forest zone is dominated by evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Yabutsubaki (Camellia japonica) and Shii (Castanopsis spp.) The Japanese archipelago is long, stretching from north to south, and has mountain ranges exceeding 3,000 m ; therefore, its vegetation changes both horizontally (with latitude) and vertically (with altitude). -
Human Impacts on the Forest Understory of a Temperate Island in the Sea of Japan
Unraveling Korea’s Mysterious Ulleung Island: Human Impacts on the Forest Understory of a Temperate Island in the Sea of Japan by Desiree Andersen A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Environmental Studies The Evergreen State College June 2017 ©2017 by Desiree Andersen. All rights reserved. This Thesis for the Master of Environmental Studies Degree by Desiree Andersen has been approved for The Evergreen State College by ________________________ John Withey, Ph. D. Member of the Faculty ________________________ Date ABSTRACT Unraveling Korea’s Mysterious Ulleung Island: Human Impacts on the Forest Understory of a Temperate Island in the Sea of Japan Desiree Andersen Oceanic islands are biologically important for their unique assemblages of species and high levels of endemism. These ecosystems are also sensitive to environmental change because of their isolation and small species source pools. Habitat destruction caused by human landscape development is generally accepted as the main cause of extinction on islands, with exotic species invasion a secondary cause of extinction, especially on tropical islands. However, secondary impacts of human development (e.g. general degradation through resource use and exotic species introduction) are understudied on temperate islands. This thesis serves as a case study of forested ecosystems on a temperate island, Ulleung Island, in the Sea of Japan, to determine secondary impacts of human development on the understory vegetation community, a proxy for ecosystem health. Diversity and percent cover of introduced, native, and endemic species were tested against proximity to developed areas and trail usage using parametric and nonparametric methods. The overall finding was that these secondary effects from human activities do impact the understory vegetation community, but only slightly. -
Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Amblycera) of Japanese Pigeons and Doves (Columbiformes), with Descriptions of Three New Species
J. Parasitol., 101(3), 2015, pp. 304–313 Ó American Society of Parasitologists 2015 THE CHEWING LICE (INSECTA: PHTHIRAPTERA: ISCHNOCERA: AMBLYCERA) OF JAPANESE PIGEONS AND DOVES (COLUMBIFORMES), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES Daniel R. Gustafsson, Miyako Tsurumi*, and Sarah E. Bush Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. Correspondence should be sent to: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The chewing louse fauna of pigeons and doves in Japan is reviewed based on published records and new collections. An updated checklist of the chewing lice of Japanese pigeons and doves is provided, and 3 new species are described: Columbicola asukae n. sp. and Coloceras nakamurai n. sp., both from Columba janthina Temminck, 1830 (Japanese wood pigeon), and Columbicola lemoinei n. sp. from Treron formosae permagnus Stejneger, 1887, and Treron formosae medioximus (Bangs, 1901) (whistling green-pigeons). This checklist includes data on the first records of Coloceras chinense (Kellogg and Chapman, 1902), Coloceras piriformis (Tendeiro, 1969), and Columbicola guimaraesi Tendeiro, 1965, in Japan. New host records of Hohorstiella sp. from Columba janthina and Treron formosae permagnus, and Coloceras sp. from Treron sieboldii sieboldii (Temminck, 1835) (white- bellied green-pigeon) are provided. The chewing louse fauna of Japan was explored by Uchida seta; mds ¼ mandibular seta; mts1–5 ¼ marginal temporal setae 1–5; os ¼ (1915, 1916, 1917, 1926, 1948, 1949). In total, Uchida reported 5 ocular seta; pas ¼ preantennal seta; pcs ¼ preconal seta; pmhs ¼ posterior medial head seta; pns ¼ postnodal seta; pos ¼ postocular seta; pts ¼ species of lice from pigeons and doves in Japan, but one of these posttemporal seta; s1–6 ¼ sensilla 1–6; vsms1–2 ¼ ventral submarginal (Colpocephalum tamamurensis Uchida, 1926 ¼ Ciconiphilus setae 1–2. -
Japan in Spring 2019
Field Guides Tour Report Japan in Spring 2019 May 21, 2019 to Jun 7, 2019 Phil Gregory & Jun Matsui For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. We had a wonderful day to explore the region around the iconic peak of Mount Fuji, and we found some great birds there. Photo by participant John Keith. This was the inaugural Field Guides Japan in Spring tour, a nice pairing with the popular winter trip and getting to some lovely and less familiar destinations like the Ryukyu and Izu Islands. The logistics worked well, with good vehicles, the flights more or less on time and the boat trips both good, whilst the hotels ranged from fit for purpose to very nice. The start on Shikoku was a bit disappointing as the Fairy Pitta was horribly uncooperative and ended up being heard only on the second day. Still, the weather was good and there were oddments like Ashy Minivet, Dollarbird and Red-rumped Swallow for diversion. Then it was back and up to the beautiful Mt Fuji area, what a backdrop this spectacular peak makes. Good birds here included Gray Nightjar, Japanese Leaf Warbler, Brown-headed and Japanese thrushes, Red-flanked Bluetail, Siberian Blue Robin, Narcissus Flycatcher, Chestnut-cheeked Starling and Japanese Yellow Bunting. Our overnight trip out to Miyakejima on the large ferry boat was great, with very nice cabins both ways and reasonable weather, and leaving the big bags at the hotel near the quay in Tokyo. Despite a strong wind on the island we saw Izu (Japanese) Robin, Izu Thrush, Ijima's Leaf Warbler and eventually Owston's Tit, and amazingly Pleske's Grasshopper Warbler was perched up and singing, with a bonus Japanese Wood Pigeon nearby. -
Yakushima Japan
YAKUSHIMA JAPAN Yakushima Island lies on the boundary between the Holoarctic and Palaeotropic bio-geographical regions. Over 200 plant species have their southernmost limit of natural distribution on the island. The altitudinal continuum of the forests across nearly 2,000m is considered to be not only the best in the Japanese archipelago, but the best remaining in East Asia. COUNTRY Japan NAME Yakushima NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SERIAL SITE 1993: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural criteria vii and ix. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATIONS 1980: Designated a Biosphere Reserve under the UNESCO Man & Biosphere Programme (19,000ha). 2005: Yakushima Nagata-hama designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention (10ha). IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY Kirishima-Yaku National Park: V National Park Yakushima Wildlife Area: Ia Strict Nature Reserve BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE Japanese Evergreen Forest (2.2.2) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Yaku Island, at the northern end of the Ryukyu archipelago, is separated from the southernmost tip of Kyushu mainland by a 120m deep, 60km wide strait. The area has a complex boundary, which is less than 1km wide in some places. It lies in the centre of the island, with a main arm extending down to the coast to the west and sinuous arms stretching south and east. Located at 30°20'5”N by 130° 31'32”E. DATES AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT 1922: Establishment of Academic Reference Forest Reserve within the national forest; 1924: Yakushima Old Growth Japanese Cedar Forest designated as a Natural Monument; 1954: The Forest designated as a Special Natural Monument (4,300ha) under the Law of Protection of Cultural Properties; 1 1964: Incorporated into Kirishima-Yaku National Park (54,833ha) newly established under the National Parks Law, comprising land on Yaku Island and Kirishima National Park on Kyushu mainland; the area of the Park was expanded in 1983; 1975: Yakushima Wildlife Area (1,219ha) designated under the Nature Conservation Law. -
Introduced Animals in the Diets of the Ogasawara Buzzard, an Endemic Insular Raptor in the Pacific Ocean
JUNE2005 SNORTCOMMUNiCaTiOnS 173 OSTERLOFF,S. 1977. Migration,wintering areas, and site SWENSON,J.E. 1979.The relationshipbetween prey spe- tenacity of the European Osprey,Pandion haliaetus ha- cies ecologyand dive successin Ospreys.Auk 96:408- liaetus(L.). Ornis Scan&8:60-78. 412. PREVOST,Y. 1982. The wintering ecologyof Osprey in Se- THIBAULT,J.-C., R. TRIAY,P.L. BEAUBRUN,D. POUKHALFA, negambia. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Edinburgh, Ed- J.-M. DOMINICI,AND A. TORRE.1996. Osprey (Pan&on inburgh, U.K. haliaetus) in the Mediterranean: characteristics of a P•WSON,D.S. 1952. Mean depth and the fish production resident population with a patchy distribution. Pages of large lakes. Ecology33:513-521. 135-144 inJ. Muntaner andJ. Mayol lEDS.], Ecolog•a RmER, R.A. 1982. The morphoedaphic index-use,abuse, y conservacion de las rapaces Mediterraneas. SEO, and fundamental concepts. Trans.Am. Fish. Soc.111: Madrid, Spain. 154-164. V2u,•D)d•LE, LJ 2U,•DH.A. V2U,•D)d•L•. 1982. Factors af- SANCHORo¾o, F. aND C. GP,•tN•.DOS.1988. La pesca en los embalses andaluces. Instituto de Desarrollo Re- fecting the productivity of Ospreys nesting in west- central Idaho. Condor 84:292-299. gional de la Univ. Sevilla,Sevilla, Spain. V2U,•A-MtLL•R,S.L. 1987. Habitat suitabilityindex models. S^URODt,P. 1994. African non-breeding areas of Fenno- scandianOspreys (Pandion haliaetus). Ostrich 65:127- Osprey. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC U.S.A. 136. STATISTICA. 1986. Version 5. StarSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK U.S.A. Received 11 February 2004; accepted 5 March 2005 j. -
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Living and Extinct Pigeons Revise the Timing of the Columbiform Radiation André E
Soares et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2016) 16:230 DOI 10.1186/s12862-016-0800-3 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Complete mitochondrial genomes of living and extinct pigeons revise the timing of the columbiform radiation André E. R. Soares1†, Ben J. Novak1,2†, James Haile3, Tim H. Heupink4, Jon Fjeldså3, M. Thomas P. Gilbert3, Hendrik Poinar5, George M. Church6,7 and Beth Shapiro1* Abstract Background: Pigeons and doves (Columbiformes) are one of the oldest and most diverse extant lineages of birds. However,thenatureandtimingofthegroup’s evolutionary radiation remains poorly resolved, despite recent advances in DNA sequencing and assembly and the growing database of pigeon mitochondrial genomes. One challenge has been to generate comparative data from the large number of extinct pigeon lineages, some of which are morphologically unique and therefore difficult to place in a phylogenetic context. Results: We used ancient DNA and next generation sequencing approaches to assemble complete mitochondrial genomes for eleven pigeons, including the extinct Ryukyu wood pigeon (Columba jouyi), the thick-billed ground dove (Alopecoenas salamonis), the spotted green pigeon (Caloenas maculata), the Rodrigues solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria), and the dodo (Raphus cucullatus). We used a Bayesian approach to infer the evolutionary relationships among 24 species of living and extinct pigeons and doves. Conclusions: Our analyses indicate that the earliest radiation of the Columbidae crown group most likely occurred during the Oligocene, with continued divergence of major clades into the Miocene, suggesting that diversification within the Columbidae occurred more recently than has been reported previously. Keywords: Columbidae, Ancient DNA, time calibrated phylogeny, Pezophaps solitaria, Raphus cucullatus,Passenger pigeon Background as sister to sandgrouses (Pterocliformes) and mesites The lineage of pigeons and doves, Columbiformes, is (Mesitornithiformes) [2, 3].