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Clasificación Y Hábitats De Gerridae (Heteroptera - Gerromorpha) En Colombia

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Clasificación Y Hábitats De Gerridae (Heteroptera - Gerromorpha) En Colombia Acta biol. Colomb., Vol. 13 No. 2, 2008 41 - 60 CLASIFICACIÓN Y HÁBITATS DE GERRIDAE (HETEROPTERA - GERROMORPHA) EN COLOMBIA Classification And Habitats Of Gerridae (Heteroptera - Gerromorpha) In Colombia FREDY MOLANO-RENDÓN1, IRINA TATIANA MORALES-CASTAÑO2, M.Sc.; CLEMENCIA SERRATO-HURTADO3. 1 Grupo de Investigación Sistemática Biológica, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Avenida Central del Norte. Tunja - Boyacá, Colombia. [email protected] 2 Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Natu- rales. Grupo Insectos de Colombia. Bogotá. [email protected] ³ Programa de Biología, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá. [email protected] Presentado 7 de julio de 2007, aceptado 13 de diciembre de 2007, correcciones 1 de marzo de 2008. RESUMEN Como una contribución al conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico de la familia Gerridae en Colombia, se presenta un listado de las especies conocidas discriminadas para cada región biogeográfica. Se reportan 16 géneros y 51 especies, distribuidas entre 0 y 2,890 m de altura. Se encontró que los gerridos tienen como hábitos y hábitat preferentes los de agua dulce (81%), se amplió el conocimiento de los hábitats ocupados por estos in- sectos en el país y se incluye una clave dicotómica basada en estas categorías de hábitats. Palabras clave: Colombia, Gerridae, Heteroptera, insectos semiacuáticos. ABSTRACT As a contribution to the taxonomic and ecologic acknowledge of the Gerridae family in Colombia, a checklist of the known species discriminated for each biogeographic region is presented. There were16 genre and 51 species registered, distributed between 0 and 2.890 m. It was found that the gerrids have preferential habits and habitats related to sweet water (81%) and occupied other habitats in the country. A dichotomic key based in this categories is included. Key words: Colombia, Gerridae, Heteroptera, Semiaquatic Insects. INTRODUCCIÓN Gerridae es una familia de chinches semiacuáticos que pertenecen al suborden Heteroptera, infraorden Gerromorpha (Spence y Andersen, 1994), los cuales son alta- 42 Artículo - Clasificación y hábitats de Gerridae (Heteroptera - Gerromorpha) en Colombia. Molano-Rendón, et al. mente especializados en cuanto a su hábitat en la película superficial del agua; la mayo- ría se encuentran en aguas con poca corriente, aunque algunas especies se han adapta- do a vivir en aguas con flujo rápido (Andersen, 1982). Las especies de Gerridae general- mente se presentan en aguas dulces, unas pocas en estuarios y aguas salobres, tan solo cinco son completamente marinas (Cheng, 1973). Algunas especies como las del género Eotrechus (Asia tropical) viven sobre paredes de rocas húmedas (Andersen, 1982). La fa- milia está ampliamente distribuida en todos los continentes, excepto en el Antártico. Andersen, argumentó que la mayor diversidad de especies se presenta en la región Neotropical, en África Central y Occidental, en la región Indo-Australiana, sur de Asia, archipiélago Malayo y Nueva Guinea (Andersen, 1982). Esta familia ha estado sujeta a diferentes invetigaciones como la de Matsuda, quien realizó la mayor clasificación, en la cual registro cinco subfamilias (Rhagadotarsinae, Trepobatinae, Halobatinae, Ptilomerinae y Gerrinae) y 52 géneros (Matsuda, 1960). A nivel mundial se han descrito alrededor de 488 especies y 55 géneros (Andersen, 1982); actualmente la cifra de espe- cies registradas es de aproximadamente 700 (Damgaard et al., 2004). Algunos estudios ecológicos y taxonómicos se han realizado en Colombia, como los de Roback y Nieser, 1974; Álvarez y Roldan, 1983; Astudillo et al., 1992; Manzano et al., 1995; Polhemus y Polhemus, 1995. Es de destacar el de Padilla y Nieser, 2001, quienes describieron una especie nueva para Colombia, y revisaron 18 especies de colecciones y dan registros de 11 de otros autores en varias regiones del país. El trabajo taxonómico más completo que se ha realizado en Colombia es el de Aristizábal, 2002, quien recopiló información bibliográfica disponible, redescribió 37 especies colectadas y publicó cerca de 55 especies registradas, este autor reconoce 51 especies colectadas en Colombia. Molano et al. realizaron un listado de 53 especies con distribución en Colombia adicio- naron nueva distribución departamental de 38 especies y por primera vez registraron Halobates micans, H. splendens, Rheumatobates minutus y R. bergrothi (Molano et al., 2005). Se hace evidente el escaso conocimiento que se tiene sobre la ecología y biología de las chinches patinadoras en el país, y hasta el momento no se cuenta con estudios deta- llados sobre los hábitats preferidos por estos. En tal sentido la presente contribución tiene como objeto ampliar el conocimiento que se tiene de los chinches semiacuáticos en Colombia en cuanto a la nomenclatura, distribución geográfica y los hábitats de las especies en el país. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS El trabajo se fundamentó en estudios independientes de los autores en los años 2000 a 2006. La recolección de los organismos se realizó en sistemas lóticos y lénticos, usando redes entomológicas acuáticas, durante una hora esfuerzo/hombre, los indi- viduos colectados fueron preservados en viales de vidrio con alcohol etílico al 70%, este material se encuentra depositado en la colección de referencia de Chinches Acuáticos de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Tunja), Boyacá. El material adicional fue revisado en las colecciones de Insectos del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (MHN-ICN), Colección de insectos acuáticos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CIAB), Colección de Macroinverte- brados Universidad Católica de Oriente (CMA-UCO), Colección del laboratorio de Acta biol. Colomb., Vol. 13 No. 2, 2008 43 Entomología de la Universidad de Nariño (C-UDENAR), Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Quindío (LEUQ), Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego (MEFLG), Colección de Insectos Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), Colección personal de Gerridae Hernán Aristizábal (HAG ), y registros bibliográficos de investiga- ciones realizadas en Colombia (Álvarez y Roldan, 1983; Astudillo et al., 1992; Drake, 1963; Manzano et al., 1995; Polhemus y Manzano, 1992; Polhemus y Polhemus, 1995; Roback y Nieser, 1974; Padilla y Nieser, 2001). Finalmente, se realizaron estimaciones de las subfamilias, tribus géneros y especies presentes en Colombia con respecto al total mundial (por medio de porcentajes). Características como la altitud, distribución geo- gráfica, hábitats, clasificación actual y las sinonimias son aportadas para cada especie RESULTADOS Se encontraron 16 géneros y 51 especies pertenecientes a las siguientes subfamilias: Rhagadotarsinae (Rheumatobates), Trepobatinae (Metrobates, Ovatametra, Telmatometra, Trepobates, Telmatometroides), Gerrinae (Eurygerris, Tachygerris, Limnogonus, Neogerris), Halobatinae (Halobates), Charmatometrinae (Charmatometra, Brachymetra) y Cylindrostethinae (Cylindrostethus, Platygerris, Potamobates). En la tabla 1 se listan las subfamilias, tribus y géneros de Gerridae presentes en Colombia, incluyendo número de especies para esta región. HÁBITAT DE GERRIDAE EN COLOMBIA Esta familia se encuentra distribuida en todas las áreas geográficas de Colombia desde los límites marítimos hasta los 2.890 msnm (Molano et al., 2005). Ocupan todo tipo de ambientes acuáticos desde grandes ríos caudalosos, pequeños arroyos, quebradas, lagu- nas, humedales, ciénagas, manglares, hasta charcas temporales; 81% de las especies se encuentran en hábitats de agua dulce y el 19% restante en hábitats marinos (manglares, charcas intermareales, mar abierto). A continuación se presenta una clave dicotómica basada en las categorías de hábitats que estas chinches ocupan. Taxón Géneros Especies Géneros en Especies en el mundo el mundo Gerridae Leach 1815 16 (21) 53 (7,6) 75 696 Rhagadotarsinae. Lundblad, 1933 1 (50) 8(22,2) 2 36 Rheumatobates. Bergroth, 1892 8 Rheumatobates imitator. (Uhler, 1894) Rheumatobates bergrothi. Meinert, 1895 Rheumatobates crassifemur crassifemur. Esaki, 1926 Rheumatobates crassifemur esakii. Schroeder, 1931 Rheumatobates minutus. Hungerford, 1936 Rheumatobates carvalhoi. Drake y Harris, 1944 Rheumatobates peculiaris. Polhemus y Splangler, 1989 Rheumatobates longisetosus. Polhemus y Manzano, 1992 Rheumatobates probolicornis. Polhemus y Manzano, 1992 Trepobatinae. Matsuda, 1960 5 (19) 9(6,9) 26 130 Ovatametra. Kenaga, 1942 1 44 Artículo - Clasificación y hábitats de Gerridae (Heteroptera - Gerromorpha) en Colombia. Molano-Rendón, et al. Taxón Géneros Especies Géneros en Especies en el mundo el mundo Metrobates. Uhler, 1871 1 Telmatometra. Bergroth, 1908 3 Telmatometra withei. Bergroth, 1908 Telmatometra ujhelyii. Esaki, 1937 Telmatometra acuta. Kenaga, 1941 Trepobates Uhler, 1894 3 Trepobates taylori. (Kirkaldy, 1899) Trepobates trepidus. Drake y Harris, 1928 Trepobates panamensis. Drake y Hottes, 1952 Telmatometroides. Polhemus, 1991 1 Telmatometroides rozeboomi. (Drake y Harris, 1937) Halobatinae. Bianchi, 1896 1(10) 3(2) 10 152 Halobatini. Bianchi, 1896 1 3 Halobates. Eschscholtz, 1822 3 Halobates micans. Eschscholtz, 1822 Halobates sobrinus. White, 1883 Halobates splendens. Witlaczi, 1886 Gerrinae. Amyot y Serville, 1843 4(28,5) 16(9) 14 177 Gerrini. Amyot y Serville, 1843 2 8 10 Neogerris. Matsumura, 1913 4 Neogerris lotus. (White, 1878) Neogerris lubricus. (White, 1879) Neogerris visendus. (Drake y Harris, 1934 Limnogonus. Stål, 1868 4 Limnogonus hyalinus.
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