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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For ARA MACAO Resort & Marina To be located in: Placencia, Stann Creek District Prepared by: Volume 1 January 2006 Table of Contents 1.0 Project Description & Layout Plan 1-1 1.01 Project Location and Description 1-1 1.02 The Physical Development Plans and the Description of the Facilities. 1-2 1.03 Plan Layout 1-5 1.04 Specifications for the Facilities and Forecast of Activities 1-7 1.05 Phases of Project Implementation 1-7 2.0 The Physical Environment 2-1 2.01 Topography 2-1 2.02 Climate 2-5 2.03 Geology 2-6 2.2 Project Facilities 2-10 3.0 Policy and Legal Administrative Framework 3-1 3.1 Policy 3-1 3.2 Legal Framework 3-2 3.3 Administrative Framework 3-4 3.4 The EIA Process 3-6 3.5 Permits and approvals required by the project 3-7 3.6 International And Regional Environmental Agreements 3-8 4.0 Flora and Fauna 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.1.1 Mangrove Swamp 4-1 4.1.2 Freshwater Marsh and Swamps 4-1 4.1.3 Transitional Low Broadleaf Forest 4-1 4.2 Flora Survey 4-2 4.3 Avifaunal Survey 4-6 4.3.1 Results of bird census 4-6 4.4 Species of Key Conservation Concern 4-10 4.4.1 Reptiles 4-10 4.4.1.1 Crocodiles (Family Crocodylidae) 4-10 4.4.1.2 Spiny Tailed Iguana 4-11 4.4.1.3 Boa Constrictor 4-11 4.4.1.4 Mammals 4-11 4.5 Estimated Alteration of Vegetation 4-12 4.6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4-12 5.0 Water Resource 5-1 5.1 Occupancy Rate 5-1 5.2 Potable Water Demand 5-1 5.3 Water Source 5-3 5.3.1 Preferred Option 5-3 5.4 Water Supply Description 5-5 5.5 Ground and Surface Waters Analysis 5-5 5.5.1 Water Quality 5-6 5.5.2 Surface Runoff 5-6 ii 5.6 Monitoring Plan 5-11 6.0 Liquid Waste 6-1 6.1 Wastewater Characteristics 6-1 6.2 National Wastewater Standards 6-2 6.3 Wastewater Treatment Options 6-3 6.4 Biologically Engineered Single Sludge Treatment 6-4 6.5 Wastewater System Description 6-5 7.0 Solid Waste Generation and Management 7-1 7.1 Projected Solid Waste Generation 7-1 7.1.1 Volume and Type of Waste 7-1 7.1.2 Waste Production – Placencia & Seine Bight 7-5 7.1.3 Waste Production – Dangriga 7-6 7.1.4 Waste Production - Ara Macao Project 7-7 7.2 Alternatives for Solid Waste Management 7-9 7.3 Solid Waste Management Plan 7-11 7.3.1 Construction Phase 7-11 7.3.2 Post-Construction Period 7-12 7.3.3 Source Reduction. 7-12 7.3.4 Other Waste. 7-12 7.3.5 Residential Subdivision 7-12 7.3.6 Educational Program 7-12 7.3.7 Final Disposal 7-12 7.3.8 Collection Schedule 7-12 7.3.9 Reporting Requirements and Compliance Monitoring 7-12 8.0 Geology and Extraction of Materials 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Existing Conditions 8-1 8.3 Soil Investigation 8-4 8.4 Conclusions And Recommendations 8-7 9.0 Road Transportation 9-1 9.1 Existing Condition 9-1 9.2 Drainage Patterns 9-4 9.3 Options For The Provision Of Suitable Roads/Walkways 9-4 9.4 Preferred Road Option 9-4 9.5 Preferred Option For Surface Drainage System 9-4 10.0 Water Transportation 10-1 10.1 Introduction 10-1 10.2 Water Circulation within the Marina 10-1 10.3 Shore Protection 10-1 10.4 Reefs and Channel Breakwaters 10-2 10.5 Dredging Description and Volumes 10-2 10.6 Mitigation Measures In Relation To Dredging and Land Reclamation Activities 10-6 iii 11.0 Disaster Management And Climate Change Issues 11-1 11.1 Introduction 11-1 11.2 Hurricane Management 11-2 11.2.1 Projected Storm Effects 11-2 11.2.2 Hurricane Preparedness Plan 11-4 11.2.2.1 Introduction 11-4 11.2.2.2 Purpose of Plan 11-4 11.2.2.3 Hurricane Warning System 11-4 11.2.2.4 Summary of Hurricane Warnings 11-5 11.2.2.5 Pre-season Preparations 11-5 11.2.2.6 Actions to be taken: 11-6 11.2.2.7 Implementation Plan during Threats 11-6 11.2.2.8 Safety Precautions 11-8 11.3 Vulnerability to Climate Change 11-9 11.4 Fire Prevention Plan 11-10 11.5 Building Codes 11-10 11.6 Fuel Storage And Safety 11-10 12.0 Energy Generation 12-1 12.1 Introduction 12-1 12.2 Secondary Electric Supply 12-2 12.3 Power Transmission Routes 12-5 12.4 Fuel Storage, Transportation, Health & Safety 12-5 13.0 Social Impact Assessment 13-1 13.1 Introduction 13-1 13.2 Regional Demographics / Population 13-1 13.3 Cultural and Historical Resources 13-5 13.4 Social Infrastructure and Services 13-6 13.4.1 Education/Health Services 13-6 13.4.2 Hotels & Accommodation 13-7 13.4.3 Labor and Employment 13-7 13.4.4 Communication and Services 13-8 13.4.5 Roads and Transportation 13-8 13.4.6 Planning 13-8 13.4.7 Protected Areas Management 13-10 13.4.8 The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor 13-10 13.5 Potential Social Impacts From Development 13-11 14.0 Archaeology 14-1 14.1 Introduction 14-1 14.2 Literature Review 14-4 14.3 Archaeological Sites on the Eastern Stann Creek District 14-5 14.4 Methodology Of Reconnaissance And Survey 14-8 14.5 Report On Findings 14-10 14.6 Management Plan To Mitigate Adverse Impacts 14-10 15.0 Tourism Component 15-1 15.1 Projected Number Of Buildings To Be Constructed 15-1 15.2 Technical Justification For Number Of Buildings 15-3 iv 15.3 Project Fresh Water Needs And Proposed Source 15-3 15.4 Solid And Liquid Waste Management Plan – Tourism Sector 15-4 15.5 Energy Source 15-4 16.0 Golf Course Component 16-1 16.1 Layout Of Golf Course 16-1 16.2 Golf Course Construction 16-1 16.3 General Description of Construction of Golf Course 16-5 16.4 Irrigation Needs Of Golf Course 16-7 16.5 Grass Specie Used On Golf Course 16-7 16.5.1 Bermuda Grass 16-8 16.5.2 Grassing Of Golf Course 16-9 16.6 Chemicals Employed In Golf Course 16-9 16.7 Management Mechanisms Adapted To Minimize Impacts To The Environment 16-10 17.0 Subdivision Component 17-1 17.1 Proposed Subdivision Plan 17-1 17.2 Estimated Fresh Water Requirements 17-1 17.3 Waste Management Plan (Solid And Liquid Waste) 17-3 18 .0 Potential Cumulative Impacts 18-1 18.1 Potential Cumulative Impacts 18-1 18.2 Characterize the Extent and Quality of Available 18-2 19.0 Evaluation Of Alternatives 19-1 19.1 Methodology and Approach 19-1 19.1.1 Introduction 19-1 19.1.2 Methods of Analyses 19-2 19.2 Results of the Analyses. 19-2 19.2.1 Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) 19-2 19.2.2 Alternative B (Residential Subdivision) 19-3 19.2.3 Alternative C (High Density Tourism Option) 19-6 19.2.3.1 Existing Conditions 19-6 19.2.3.1.1 Tourism 19-6 19.2.3.1.2 Impacts 19-7 19.2.4 Alternative D (Combination of Tourism & Subdivision) 19-9 19.2.4.1 Justification 19-9 19.2.4.2 Impacts on Land Use 19-9 19.2.4.3 Impacts on Vegetation Cover 19-10 19.2.4.4 Impact on Water Resources 19-10 19.2.4.5 Impact on Birds 19-10 19.2.4.6 Impact on Marine Flora and Fauna 19-10 19.2.4.7 Impact on Local Economy 19-11 19.2.5 Selection Of The Preferred Option 19-14 19.3 Alternatives for Marina Construction 19-15 20.0. Mitigation And Monitoring Plan 20-1 20.1 Environmental Mitigation Plan 20-1 20.2 Social Considerations 20-5 v 20.2.1 Health and Safety 20-5 20.2.2 Housing 20-5 20.2.3 Culture 20-6 20.2.4 Education /Health Services 20-6 20.2.5 Employment 20-7 20.3 Monitoring Programs 20-7 20.3.2 Monitoring of Flora & Fauna 20-7 20.3.1 Description 20-7 20.3.3 Water Quality Monitoring Program 20-8 List of Figures Figure 1.1 General Area of Project Site 1-1 Figure 1.2 Conceptual Ara Macao Condo Designs ….. 1-4 Figure 1.3 Ara Macao Development Phases 1-6 Figure 1.4 Development Zones or phases for the proposed Project 1-8 Figure 2.1 Existing Surface Runoff and Drainage Patterns 2-2 Figure 2.2 Watershed near Project Site 2-3 Figure 2.3 Contour Map of Project Site 2-4 Figure 2.4 Isopleths of Belize 2-5 Figure 2.5 Savannah Mean Monthly Temperatures 1965-2000. 2-6 Figure 2.6 Geological Fault Locations around Project Area 2-8 Figure 2.7 Land Use at Project Area and adjacent properties 2-9 Figure 4.1 Transect lines where vegetation survey was conducted 4-1 Figure 4.2: Vegetation of the development site 4-4 Figure 5.1 Water Distribution Plan 5-4 Figure 5.2 Proposed Water Chlorination System 5-6 Figure 5.3 Wells core section 5-8 Figure 5.4 Surface Water Sampling Points 5-10 Figure 5.4 Ara Macao Surface Water Sampling Points.
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  • Caye Caulker Forest and Marine Reserve

    Caye Caulker Forest and Marine Reserve

    Caye Caulker Forest and Marine Reserve- Integrated Management Plan 2004-2009 *** Prepared For Belize Coastal Zone Management Institute/Authority and Belize Fisheries Department By Ellen M McRae, Consultant, CZMA/I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 LIST OF TABLES 8 LIST OF MAPS 9 LIST OF ACRONYMS 10 1. INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 12 1.1.1 Habitat Suitability—Rationale for Area’s Selection 12 1.1.2 History of Caye Caulker’s Protected Areas 14 1.1.3 Current Status 15 1.1.4 Legislative Authority 15 1.1.5 Context 17 1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION 17 1.2.1 Purpose and Scope of Plan 17 1.2.2 Location 18 1.2.3 Access 19 1.2.4 Land Tenure and Seabed Use 19 1.2.5 Graphic Representation 20 1.2.5.1 Mapping 20 1.2.5.2 Aerial Photographic and Satellite Imagery 20 1.2.5.3 Other Remote Imagery 21 2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 21 2.1 GEOLOGY, SUBSTRATE AND BATHYMETRY 21 2.2 HYDROLOGY 22 2.3 TIDES AND CURRENTS 23 2.4 WATER QUALITY 23 2.4.1 Seawater 23 2.4.2 Groundwater and Surface Waters on the Caye 24 2.5 CLIMATE AND WEATHER 25 2.5.1 General Climate Regime 26 2.5.2 Rainfall 26 2.5.3 Extreme Weather Events 26 3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 29 3.1 EMERGENT SYSTEMS 29 3.1.1 Littoral Forest 29 3.1.1.1 Flora 31 3.1.1.2 Fauna 33 3.1.1.3 Commercially Harvested Species 36 3.1.1.4 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species 37 3.1.1.5 Threats to Systems 38 3.1.2 Mangroves 39 3.1.2.1 Flora 40 3.1.2.2 Fauna 40 3.1.2.3 Commercially Harvested Species 42 3.1.2.4 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species 43 3.1.2.5 Threats to System 44 3.2 SUBMERGED SYSTEMS 45 3.2.1 Seagrass and Other Lagoon