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1.PMF Studija Invazivne Prirodno-matematički fakultet UNIVERZITETA U SARAJEVU INVENTARIZACIJA I GEOGRAFSKA INTERPRETACIJE INVAZIVNIH VRSTA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE SARAJEVO, JUNI 2019. 1 Prirodno-matematički fakultet Zmaja od Bosne 33-35 UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO Sarajevo FACULTY OF SCIENCE Bosnia and Herzegovina Phone ++387 (0)33 723 723 Sarajevo, 21.06.2019. godine Fax ++387 (0)33 649 359 PROJEKAT: NABAVKA USLUGA IZRADE INVENTARIZACIJE I GEOGRAFSKE INTERPRETACIJE INVAZIVNIH VRSTA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE IZVRŠILAC: PRIRODNO-MATEMATIĈKI FAKULTET UNIVERZITETA U SARAJEVU Zmaja od Bosne 33-35 71000 Sarajevo FINANSIJER: FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVA OKOLIŠA I TURIZMA Marka Marulića 2 71000 Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina UGOVOR: Broj Ugovora: 07-23-317/18. Datum potpisivanja Ugovora: 21.06.2018. u Sarajevu Sarajevo, decembar 2019. 2 Prirodno-matematički fakultet Zmaja od Bosne 33-35 UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO Sarajevo FACULTY OF SCIENCE Bosnia and Herzegovina Phone ++387 (0)33 723 723 Sarajevo, 09.12.2019. godine Fax ++387 (0)33 649 359 PROJEKAT: NABAVKA USLUGA IZRADE INVENTARIZACIJE I GEOGRAFSKE INTERPRETACIJE INVAZIVNIH VRSTA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE FINANSIJER: FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVA OKOLIŠA I TURIZMA Marka Marulića 2 71000 Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina AUTORI STUDIJE: 1. Prof. dr. Samir Đug, voditelj projekta 11. Prof. dr. Dubravka Šoljan, emeritus 2. Prof. dr. Nusret Drešković, 12. Doc. dr. Sabina Trakić 3. Prof. dr. Sadbera Troţić Borovac 13. Doc. dr. Adi Vesnić 4. Prof. dr. Rifat Škrijelj 14. Doc. dr. Senad Šljuka 5. Prof. dr. Edina Muratović 15. Doc. dr. Edin Hrelja 6. Prof. dr. Mirza Dautbašić 16. Doc. dr. Aldijana Mušović 7. Prof. dr. Nedţad Bašić 17. Aldin Boškailo, MA 8. Prof. dr. Enad Korjenić 18. Amra Banda, MA 9. Prof. dr. Osman Mujezinović 19. Dejan Kulijer 10. Prof. dr. Lada Lukić Bilela 20. Emina Hadţić, MA Voditelj Projekta: Dekan Fakulteta _________________ ____________________ Prof. dr. Samir Đug Prof. dr. Musafa Memić Sarajevo, decembar 2019. 3 SADRŢAJ PREDGOVOR 1. UVOD ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. PRELIMINARNA PITANJA ZA FORMULAR PRIPADAJUĆIH VRSTA .................. 12 1.2. PRIMJENA GIS-a U KARTIRANJU INVAZIVNIH VRSTA BILJAKA, ŢIVOTINJA I GLJIVA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ........................... 13 2. METODOLOGIJA IZRADE INVENTARIZACIJE I GEOGRAFSKE INTERPRETACIJE INVAZIVNIH VRSTA U FEDERACIJI BiH ....................................................................................... 20 3. TIPOVI STANIŠTA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI ..................................................... 29 3.1. THE EUROPEAN NATURE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EUNIS) .............................. 30 3.2. CORINE (Coordination of Information on the environment) land coveR ....................... 32 4. GEOGRAFSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ........................................................................................... 42 4.1. GEOGRAFSKI POLOŢAJ FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ....................... 42 4.2. GEOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ........... 45 4.3. GEOMORFOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ..................................................................... 47 4.4. KLIMATSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ..................................................................... 57 4.5. HIDROLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ....... 62 4.6. BIOGEOGRAFSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ..................................................................... 65 4.7. ZAŠTIĆENA PODRUĈJA FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ........................ 68 5. INVAZIVNE VRSTE FLORE U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ................ 74 6. INVAZIVNE VRSTE FAUNE U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE ............... 347 REFERENTNA LITERATURA ................................................................................... 389 4 PREDGOVOR Prirodno-matematiĉki fakultet u Sarajevu je u periodu juni 2018. do juni 2019. realizirao projekat „Izrada inventarizacije i geografske interpretacije invazivnih vrsta u Federaciji BiH“. U realizaciju ovog projekta osim nauĉno-istraţivaĉkog tima sa odsjeka za biologiju i geografiju Prirodno-matematiĉkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu bili su ukljuĉeni i istraţivaĉi sa Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Nastavniĉkog fakulteta Univerziteta „Dţemal Bijedić― iz Mostara i Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine. Glavni cilj ovog projekta je izrada Inventarizacije i geografske interpretacije invazivnih vrsta u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine (u daljem tekstu Lista invazivnih vrsta). U svrhu izrade Liste invazivnih vrsta i formiranja prateće geobaze podataka, u okviru projekta su realizirana sveobuhvatna pregled i istraţivanja postojeće literature (studija, istraţivanja i dr.), kontrolna terenska istraţivanja s ciljem prepoznavanja i determinacije invazivnih vrsta te adekvatna analitiĉko-statistiĉka obrada podataka o invazivnim vrstama, stanju njihovih populaciji, brojnosti arealu itd. Primijenjeni metodološki koncept istraţivanja u ovom projektu se polazno zasnivao na definiciji strane (odnosno invazivne) vrste, prema kojoj je strana vrsta definirana kao „vrsta koja prirodno ne ţivi u odreĊenom ekosistemu, već u njemu moţe dospjeti (ne)namjernim unošenjem“. Alohtona, nenativna, egzotiĉna, introducirana ili unesena vrsta – sve su sinonimi za stranu vrstu. Ukoliko naseljavanje ili širenje strane vrste negativno utiĉe na biodiverzitet, zdravlje ljudi ili priĉinjava ekonomsku štetu na podruĉju na koje je unesena, tada tu vrstu smatramo invazivnom. Globalno gledajući, danas se smatra da invazivne vrste na nekom podruĉju, uz direktno uništavanje staništa, predstavljaju najveću opasnost za njegovu biološku raznolikost. Prema podacima IUCN baziranim na DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe http://www.europe-aliens.org), u Evropi je trenutno zabiljeţeno ukupno 10.961 stranih, alohtonih vrsta, a za 10-15 % se procjenjuje da imaju negativne ekološke i ekonomske posljedice. Prema istom izvoru, štete uzrokovane od strane invazivnih vrsta, kao i neophodne kontrolne mjere, koštaju Evropu 12,7 milijardi EUR godišnje. 5 Problematika invazivnih vrsta u Federaciji Bosni i Hercegovini regulisana je razliĉitim zakonskim i podzakonskim aktima. MeĊutim, ne postoje zakoni kojima je regulisano praćenje, kontrola i smanjenje negativnih uticaja ovih vrsta. Popis prisutnih invazivnih vrsta, kao i podaci o njihovoj distribuciji i veliĉini populacija su segmentirani i dati kao rezultati razliĉitih istraţivanja. Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) je i potpisnica Konvencije o biološkoj raznolikosti i Protokola o biološkoj sigurnosti koji se bave problemom invazivnih vrsta i prema kojima se Bosna i Hercegovina obavezala da će u svojim planovima i ciljevima raditi na suzbijanju istih (strateški ciljevi Federalne strategije zaštite okoliša 2008-2018 i Strategije i akcioni plan za zaštitu biološke raznolikosti Bosne i Hercegovine-NBSAP 2015-2020). Kao potencijalna ĉlanica Evropske Unije Bosna i Hercegovina na tom putu treba da ispuni uslove vezane za okolišno zakonodavstvo gdje je kao prioritet naglašeno da se moraju razviti strategije i nacionalni programi zaštite od genetski modificiranih organizama (GMO) i invazivnih vrsta. S obzirom da Strategije i zakoni Evropske unije (2020 Biodiversity Strategy for the EU i direktive) propisuju planove i akcije kojima se razliĉitim mehanizmima pokušava suzbiti širenje invazivnih vrsta, sasvim je jasno da Bosna i Hercegovina na tom putu treba da uskladi svoje zakonske okvire i potrebe u skladu sa potrebama Evropske unije. Kontrola invazivnih vrsta i smanjivanje njihovog uticaja na autohtone vrste i cjelokupne ekosisteme danas je jedan od najvećih izazova zaštite prirode, te je zato vaţno rano otkrivanje prisutnosti potencijalno invazivne strane vrste u ekosistemu. Prvi neophodni korak u ovoj fazi predstavlja priprema baze podataka o postojećim invazivnim vrstama i njihovim populacijama sa arealom rasprostranjenosti u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. 6 1. UVOD Dinamiĉki plan rada i primijenjenja istraţivaĉka metodologija na projektu „Izrada inventarizacije i geografske interpretacije invazivnih vrsta u Federaciji BiH“ su u potpunosti usklaĊeni sa postavljenim ciljevima i oĉekivanim rezultatima Projekta. Glavni istraţivaĉki cilj projekta je inventarizacija i geografska interpretacija invazivnih vrsta biljaka i ţivotinja na podruĉju Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (u daljem tekstu Lista invazivnih vrsta). U svrhu izrade liste invazivnih vrsta i formiranja baze podataka, u okviru projekta su realizirana sveobuhvatna istraţivanja i pregle dostupne postojeće literature kao što su: nauĉno- istraţivaĉka literatura (nauĉni i struĉni ĉlanci, knjige, nauĉne monografije), nauĉne i struĉne istraţivaĉke studije i elaborati, nauĉni is truĉni projekti, i dr., te prateća egzemplarna terenska istraţivanja s ciljem potvrĊivanja literaturno determinisanih invazivnih vrsta te adekvatna analitiĉko-statistiĉka obrada podataka o invazivnim vrstama, stanju njihovih populaciji, brojnosti arealu itd. Ostali ciljevi projekta „Izrada inventarizacije i geografske interpretacije invazivnih vrsta u Federaciji BiH“ su: podloga za razvoj podzakonskih akata koji se tiĉu zaštite i metoda zaštite i borbe protiv stranih invazivnih vrsta, oĉuvanje biodiverziteta kroz inventarizaciju i kretanje invazivnih vrsta i staništa te direktna primjena rezultata projekta u izradi planova zaštite staništa i vrsta, kao i njihovo oĉuvanje;
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