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Simplicidad RADICAL Jim Merkel MANUAL PRÁCTICO PARA UN ESTILO DE VIDA CONSECUENTE CON EL DECRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO Simplicidad ...os reto a leer este libro en lugar de filosofar sobre las maneras en que vuestra vida podría cambiar a mejor. –BILL MCKIBBEN, autor de End of Nature. Jim Merkel La pasión de Merkel por crear un mundo más humano nos irradia desde cada página. ¡Una auténtica inspiración! –JANET LUHRS, autora de The Simple Living Guide y Simple Loving. RADICAL Imaginemos que nos encontramos en un bufé y somos los primeros de la cola. El banquete no solamente incluye agua y comida sino también los materiales necesarios para obtener Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita refugio, ropas, sanidad y educación. ¿Cómo sabremos la cantidad que podemos coger? ¿Qué cantidad es la adecuada para dejar suficiente a los siguientes de la cola –no sólo los otros seis mil millones de personas, sino también la vida salvaje y los que todavía han de nacer? Mucha gente siente la necesidad de cambiar su propio estilo de vida como un modo tangible de transformar nuestra cultura insostenible. Simplicidad Radical es el primer libro en guiarnos hacia un objetivo personal de sostenibilidad y ofrecer un método para reducir nuestra huella ecológica y así ser más equitativos entre todas las personas, especies y generaciones. Utilizando tres herramientas, –incluidos los pasos de La Bolsa o la Vida y técnicas de Nuestra Huella Ecológica– el libro permite personalizar nuestro propio viaje hacia la sostenibilidad. Una respuesta práctica y personal a los desafíos del siglo XXI, Simplicidad Radical atraerá a una gran variedad de personas, desde gente inmersa en una búsqueda espiritual, hasta políticos o profesionales de la sostenibilidad. Jim Merkel nos lleva a adentrarnos sin tapujos en una simplicidad acérrima cuyo objetivo es salvar el planeta. –MARK A. BURCH, autor de Simplicity and Stepping Lightly: Simplicity for people and the planet. ... No hay una mejor guía práctica, para aprender haciendo, para una ciudadanía ecológica. –MITCHELL THOMASHOW, autor de Bringing the Biosphere Home: Learning to Perceive Global Environment Change. Simplicidad RADICAL SW-COC-1895-A DOCUMENTOS TERCER MILENIO 5 JIM MERKEL Jim Merkel dejó su trabajo como ingeniero militar tras el desastre del Exxon Valdez, y desde entonces ha desarrollado herramientas para la sostenibilidad personal y del conjunto de la sociedad. Fundó el Global Living Project para promover ese trabajo, dirige talleres sobre el tema en Norteamérica, y vive en el estado de Vermont. Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita I Simplicidad RADICAL Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita DOCUMENTOS TERCER MILENIO, 5 II SIMPLICIDAD RADICAL Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita III Simplicidad RADICAL Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita JIM MERKEL IV SIMPLICIDAD RADICAL SW-COC-1895-A Título original: Radical Simplicity Reimpresión: Barcelona 2007 © 2003 Jim Merkel © 2003 New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canadá (www.newsociety.com) © 2004 Fundación Tierra, Barcelona (www.ecoterra.org) © 2004 Àfrica Rubiés por la traducción Todos los derechos reservados Editorial: Fundació Terra Coordinación de la edición: Fundació Terra Revisión estilística: Carme Roselló Fotografía cubierta: Dietmar Nill Queda rigurosamente prohibida, sin autorización escrita de los titulares del «Copyright», bajo las sanciones establecidas por las leyes, la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía y el tratamiento informático, así como la distribución de ejemplares mediante alquiler o préstamo públicos. Printed in Catalonia - Impreso en Cataluña Depósito Legal: B-11904-2007 ISBN: 84-87064-37-X Fotocomposición realizada con Adobe Page Maker 7.0 Impreso en papel de la marca BIO TOP 3 con certificación FSC Cubierta impresa con cartoncillo reciclado postconsumo de Stora Enso Barcelona Impreso en Gyersa Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita V ADVERTENCIA Un libro a favor del decrecimiento Tienes en tus manos un libro para actuar. Un libro para que sea tu manual práctico para contribuir a un mundo con una economía en decrecimiento. Por todo ello en esta segunda edición nos hemos propuesto que el propio medio sea el mensaje. Tienes en tus manos el primer libro impreso en España bajo el estándard de Cadena de Custodia del FSC. Tienes un libro cuyo papel está certificado por el Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) a través del Grupo de Cadena de Custodia de la propia Fundación Tierra, editora del libro. Tienes en tus manos un libro que es radical incluso en su forma. Pero quizás conviene advertir que en estos momentos de evidencia incuestionable del calentamiento global, Simplicidad Radical es un verdadero manual para una vida más austera, en definitiva para contribuir al llamado decrecimiento. Los seguidores del decrecimiento señalan las medidas prácticas que puede adoptar la ciudadanía interesada en profesar este modelo de vida auténticamente sostenible: 1. Volver a la producción material de los años sesenta-setenta con una huella ecológica igual o inferior a un planeta 2. Internalizar los costes del transporte y evitar los kilométricos viajes de todas las mercancías 3. Relocalizar las actividades y que la producción se sitúe cerca del consumidor 4. Adoptar el programa de la agricultura cercana a la población como propugna la Confederación Campesina de José Bové 5. Impulsar la producción de bienes relacionales que fomenten la democracia ecológica VI SIMPLICIDAD RADICAL 6. Adoptar el escenario del Negavatio y del Factor 4 para reducir el despilfarro energético 7. Penalizar contundentemente el gasto publicitario 8. Decretar una moratoria sobre la innovación tecnológica que nos permita hacer un balance serio y reorientar la investigación científica y técnica en función de las nuevas aspiraciones sostenibilistas 9. Adoptar un estilo de vida más frugal que reduzca nuestra adicción al consumo. El movimiento del decrecimiento advierte y demuestra que el llamado desarrollo sostenible se ha convertido en el concepto más pernicioso desde su adopción en 1987 porqué nos impide, como si de un espejismo se tratara, reconocer que nos estamos introduciendo en el desierto estéril que queda tras nuestros pasos tanto en el Norte esquilmador como en el Sur en desarrollo. En cualquier caso, el decrecimiento no pretende más que favorecer la reflexión para empujar a la humanidad hacia una verdadera democracia ecológica. Una ideología digna de pensar en ella, porqué como decía Gandhi, quizás debemos vivir de forma más simple para simplemente que los demás puedan vivir”. El movimiento del decrecimiento aunque va más allá comparte el espíritu del movimiento de la simplicidad voluntaria. Por tanto, tienes en tus manos un libro para la necesaria revolución de la razón que nos sitúe en una perspectiva menos convulsa como la que nos somete el capitalismo consumista. Su lectura te será inspiradora y sus tablas del final son útiles para practicar desde tu vida cotidiana la simplicidad vital. LOS EDITORES Huellas pequeñas en una tierra finita VII ÍNDICE DE MATERIAS PRESENTACIÓN .................................................................................................... XI PRÓLOGO DE VICKI ROBIN .................................................................................... XIII SOBRE EL AUTOR ............................................................................................... XVI AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................ XVII INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................. XIX PARTE I: Viaje hacia la simplicidad ...................................................................1 CAPÍTULO 1: JUSTIFICACIÓN PARA UN ESTILO DE VIDA GLOBAL .............................................2 Factores internos ........................................................................................6 Factores externos .......................................................................................6 No hay más remedio...................................................................................9 CAPÍTULO 2: UNA CULTURA PARA UN ESTILO DE VIDA GLOBAL ..........................................12 El terreno de lo material ...............................................................................13 El terreno de lo no material ..........................................................................14 Las tres vacas sagradas .................................................................................14 Los límites deseables.....................................................................................17 CAPÍTULO 3: LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN ACCIÓN ...............................................................18 La lección de los Chumash............................................................................21 El sendero Muir ............................................................................................23 La lección de Kerala ......................................................................................27 Teorías ......................................................................................................35 Experiencias .............................................................................................37 Clases prácticas ........................................................................................38 Los Kani ...................................................................................................41 Despedida de Kerala .................................................................................43
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