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(Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Jaguaribe Basin, Northeastern Brazil

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(Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Jaguaribe Basin, Northeastern Brazil Neotropical Ichthyology, 14(1): e150098 Journal homepage: www.scielo.br/ni DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150098 Published online: 07 March 2016 (ISSN 1982-0224) Redescription of the endangered hypoptopomatine catfish Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil Telton Pedro A. Ramos1, Pablo Lehmann A.2, Luciano F. Barros-Neto1 and Sergio M. Q. Lima1 Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler) was originally described as a species of Plecostomus based on six specimens collected in the rio Salgado, Icó Municipality, Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Because the original description of P. spilurus is brief and uninformative, a detailed redescription of this endangered species based on the type series and on freshly collected topotypes was made. Data on osteology, intraspecific variation, sexual dimorphism and color pattern in life are presented for the first time, aiming at providing the necessary characters to differentiate the species from its congeners, as well as providing data on the distribution, habitat and conservation. Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler) foi descrita originalmente como uma espécie do gênero Plecostomus com base em seis espécimes coletados no rio Salgado, Município de Icó, Estado do Ceará. Devido à descrição original de P. spilurus ser breve e pouco informativa, uma redescrição detalhada desta espécie ameaçada com base na série tipo e em topótipos recentemente coletados foi feita. Dados de osteologia, variação ontogenética, dimorfismo sexual e padrão de coloração em vida são apresentados pela primeira vez, com o objetivo de fornecer caracteres necessários para distinguir a espécie das suas demais congêneres, assim como fornecer dados de distribuição, habitat e conservação. Keywords: Freshwater fish conservation, Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion, Ontogenetic variation, Rio São Francisco transposition, Temporary rivers. Introduction and confused taxonomy, with some taxa probably being synonyms to species previously described (Rosa et al., A sample of 823 specimens, representing 104 species 2003; Barros et al., 2011). Among those, is the original of freshwater fishes from northeastern Brazil, was description of Plecostomus spilurus, based on six collected by Rodolpho von Ihering (Fowler, 1941). In 1937, specimens collected in the rio Salgado, a tributary of the this valuable material was sent to the curator of fishes, upper rio Jaguaribe basin, at Icó Municipality, Ceará Henry W. Fowler, at the Academy of Natural Sciences State, with the holotype deposited under catalog number of Philadelphia (ANSP), who described 36 new species ANSP 69403 and five paratypes catalogued as ANSP from the rio Parnaíba in Piauí State, rio São Francisco in 69404 to 69408. Pernambuco State, rio Jaguaribe and other small coastal Parotocinclus was raised to generic level by basins of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba States Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1890), and it was previously (Fowler, 1941). However, that study, as others involving considered as a monotypic subgenus of Hisonotus the freshwater fish fauna from northeastern Brazil, Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, presents succinct descriptions, erroneous identification, 1889). Garavello (1977) revised Parotocinclus and placed 1Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil. (TPAR) [email protected], (LFBN) [email protected], (SMQL) [email protected] 2Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. pablole@ unisinos.br 1 Neotropical Ichthyology, 14(1): e150098 2 Redescription of Parotocinclus spilurus Plecostomus spilurus in this genus. Although Garavello Results (1977) presented redescriptions of several Parotocinclus species known at that time, based on the type series. Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) However, the morphological information is still brief for modern standard procedures and he did not present any Figs. 1-7, Tables 1-2 osteological information, live color pattern, or habitat data. Plecostomus spilurus Fowler, 1941: 148-150, figs. 47-49. Type Currently, Parotocinclus comprises 29 valid nominal locality: Rio Salgade, Icó, Ceara (rio Salgado, Icó, Ceará, species (Ramos et al., 2013; Lehmann et al., 2013, 2014, Brazil), holotype ANSP 69403. 2015), but it is recognized as a polyphyletic assemblage Parotocinclus spilurus: Garavello, 1977: 8-9, figs. 17-18 (Gauger & Buckup, 2005; Lehmann, 2006; Lehmann et [redescription]; Isbrücker, 1980: 81 [checklist]; Böhlke, 1984: al., 2013; Martins et al., 2014). The genus Parotocinclus 127 [checklist]; Burgess, 1989: 438 [checklist]; Lacerda & has a high species richness in northeastern Brazil, being Evers, 1996: 88 [illustration]; Isbrücker, 2001: 31 [literature represented by twelve species (Ramos et al., 2013). Despite compilation]; Britski & Garavello, 2002: 286 [literature this high diversity, the knowledge about the fish fauna of compilation]; Isbrücker, 2002: 25 [literature compilation]; northeastern Brazil is rather scarce, usually restricted to Reis et al., 2003: 327 [checklist]; Rosa et al., 2003 [checklist]; original descriptions. Gauger & Buckup, 2005: 516 [literature compilation]; During recent ichthyological surveys in the drainages Ferraris, Jr., 2007: 283 [checklist]; Reis & Carvalho, 2007: 86 involved in the project of the artificial watershed [checklist]; Lehmann & Reis, 2012: 62 [comparative material]; transposition of the rio São Francisco (Lima, 2005), Ramos et al., 2013: 788 [comparative material]; Brasil, 2014: including the rio Jaguaribe, rio Piranhas-Açu, rio 127 [conservation status]. Apodi-Mossoró and rio Paraíba do Norte basins, some species of Parotocinclus were collected. Thus, a detailed Diagnosis. Parotocinclus spilurus differs from all its redescription of P. spilurus based on the type series and congeners, except Parotocinclus bidentatus, P. habolthi, on freshly collected topotypes, including intraspecific P. muriaensis and P. seridoensis by having the adipose variation, live color pattern, and osteologic information fin rudimentary (a vestigial ridge composed by two small is provided, in order to make available details necessary unpaired plates) or absent. Parotocinclus spilurus differs to distinguish that species from congeners, sometimes from P. bidentatus, P. habolthi and P. muriaensis by occurring in sympatry, as well as new data on geographic having numerous small bright spots, scattered on body distribution, habitat and conservation. and head (vs. body without spots); the pectoral girdle covered by skin medially and exposed only laterally Material and Methods supporting odontodes (vs. pectoral girdle completely exposed), and by the absence of accessory teeth on the Specimens were collected from the putative type premaxilla and dentary of juvenile and adults stages (vs. locality and other nearby localities, and preserved both presence of accessory dentition). Parotocinclus spilurus in formalin and ethanol for molecular studies. Specimens also differs from P. seridoensis and other species of were deposited in the ichthyological collection of the northeastern Brazil (P. cearensis, P. cesarpintoi and P. Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade spilosoma), except P. haroldoi, by having the abdomen Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCP), Universidade mostly covered by rounded dermal plates arranged in Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) and Universidade Federal do T-shape between the pectoral girdle and the anus (vs. Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Measurements and counts abdomen almost naked, with a single row of elongate follow Carvalho & Reis (2009), and counts of longitudinal reduced plates on each side and a group of small rounded plate series follow Schaefer (1997) and Lehmann et al. plates irregularly distributed in the preanal region); and (2013). Measurements were taken with digital calipers by the absence of the small area of naked skin on the and recorded to tenths of a millimeter. Measurements snout tip without odontodes (vs. snout tip completely are presented as percents of standard length (SL) or head covered by odontodes). It also differs from P. haroldoi length (HL). Meristic data ranges include all specimens by presence of pectoral girdle medially covered by available for study. Osteological examinations were skin and laterally exposed, supporting odontodes only performed on specimens cleared and double-stained for laterally (vs. pectoral girdle completely exposed). Finally, bone and cartilage (c&s) according to the procedures P. spilurus differs from all species of Parotocinclus that proposed by Taylor & Van Dyke (1985). The vertebral inhabit the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas coastal basins counts included the five central of the Weberian apparatus, by the canal plate of the cheek not elongated posteriorly and the compound caudal centrum was counted as a single and not contacting the pectoral girdle (vs. the canal plate element. Descriptions of color pattern were based on elongated posteriorly on the ventral surface of head and photographs of live individuals kept in aquaria just after contacting the cleithrum). collection. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14(1): e150098 T. P. A. Ramos, P. Lehmann A., L. F. Barros-Neto & S. M. Q. Lima 3 Fig. 1. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of Parotocinclus spilurus, holotype ANSP 69403, 28.6 mm SL female; Brazil, Ceará State, Icó Municipality, rio Salgado, rio Jaguaribe basin.
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