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Philo of Alexandria's Exposition of the Tenth Commandment

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Philo of Alexandria's Exposition of the Tenth Commandment Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2009 Philo of Alexandria's Exposition of the Tenth Commandment Hans Svebakken Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Svebakken, Hans, "Philo of Alexandria's Exposition of the Tenth Commandment" (2009). Dissertations. 244. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/244 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2009 Hans Svebakken LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA'S EXPOSITION OF THE TENTH COMMANDMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY BY HANS RICHARD SVEBAKKEN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2009 Copyright by Hans R. Svebakken, 2009 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Work on this project began in earnest during my year as a Schmitt Dissertation Fellow (2004 – 2005). I want to thank both the Arthur J. Schmitt Foundation for its financial support and the Graduate School of Loyola University Chicago for awarding the fellowship. Many people have helped me through my years at Loyola. First, I want to thank the faculties of Classical Studies and Theology for generously sharing their expertise and equipping me to complete a doctoral dissertation. (Two Professors no longer at Loyola, David E. Aune and John L. White, deserve thanks as well.) In particular, I want to thank my two readers, Professors Robert Di Vito and James Keenan, who taught me much in the course of my studies and thoughtfully reviewed my work. Most of all, I want to thank Professor Thomas Tobin, S.J., the director of my dissertation, whose Hellenistic Judaism seminar sparked my interest in Philo. At every critical juncture of the process, his expert guidance has invariably steered me toward a better outcome. I want to thank also my graduate student colleagues, too many to name, whose friendship and conversation have encouraged me professionally and personally. Finally, I want to thank Catherine Wolf, Administrative Assistant for the Theology Department, iii for having a friendly answer to all of my questions, and the Interlibrary Loan staff of Cudahy Library for greatly facilitating my research. I have a large extended family, and each member—in his or her own way—deserves a personal word of thanks. But for the sake of brevity I’ll mention only my family of origin, who first welcomed me into the world. My brother, Pete, and sister, Khris, my first and oldest friends, have never questioned my choice of a meandering academic career, and I appreciate their confidence. My father, Gene, has also been a great encouragement, and I will remember fondly the extra time we spent together as a result of my education in the Chicago area. My mother, Kay, gave me a gift of love that continues to shape my life. Sadly, she did not live to see me complete this degree, but I can well imagine her happy words and congratulations. Two people inspire everything I do. My wife, Mary Jane, graciously welcomed Philo into our lives and supported this project in every possible way. I cannot begin to express the value of her unfailing encouragement. Our son, Elias, arrived in the course of chapter four, and the extraordinary joy he brought into our lives helped carry me over the finish line. This has been a long journey, and I consider its completion a great blessing. Unsure of how to express my deepest sense of gratitude, I’ll let Philo have the last word, in honor of our many hours together: "It is for God to give benefits and for mortals to give thanks, since they have nothing else to give in return" (Plant. 130). iv Behold me daring, not only to read the sacred messages of Moses, but also in my love of knowledge to peer into each of them and unfold and reveal what is not known to the multitude. Philo of Alexandria, De specialibus legibus 3.6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 PHILO’S COMMENTARY ON MOSAIC LEGISLATION 2 PHILO'S EXPOSITION OF THE TENTH COMMANDMENT 9 THE VALUE OF PHILO’S EXPOSITION 13 HISTORY OF RESEARCH 17 Harry A. Wolfson 18 Kathy L. Gaca 23 PLAN OF THE DISSERTATION 38 CHAPTER TWO: PHILO ON DESIRE (+A31K93!) 40 INTRODUCTION 40 PHILO’S MIDDLE-PLATONIC CONTEMPORARIES 41 "IRRATIONAL" AND "NON-RATIONAL" IN MORAL PSYCHOLOGY 44 PLATONIC FOUNDATIONS 45 BIPARTITION IN MIDDLE PLATONISM 48 Reason over against z+B42L:\" / 1L:`H 48 Reason over against Appetite (ÐD,>4H) 50 Reason over against Impulse (ÒD:Z) 53 Reason over against Emotion (BV2@H) 57 Summary 59 BIPARTITION IN PHILO’S WRITINGS 60 Reason over against z+B42L:\" / 1L:`H 60 Reason over against Appetite (ÐD,>4H) 62 Reason over against Impulse (ÒD:Z) 65 Reason over against Emotion (BV2@H) 69 Reason over against Sense-Perception ("ÇF20F4H) 72 Reason over against "Stoic" Non-Rational Soul 75 Summary 77 PROBLEMATIC MALFUNCTIONS OF DESIRE 79 Passionate Desire (–:,JD@H ¦B42L:\") 79 Tyrannical Desire (§DTH) 87 }+DTH as Advanced Grade of Desire 89 Negative Impact of }+DTH 93 CONCLUSION 98 CHAPTER THREE: PHILO ON SELF-CONTROL (+'5C!I+3!) AND PRACTICE (!E5/G3G) 100 vi INTRODUCTION 100 THE NATURE OF z+(6DVJ,4" 101 z+(6DVJ,4" -- Victory of Rational over Non-Rational 102 z+(6DVJ,4" -- Curtailing Excessive Impulse 111 z+(6DVJ,4" -- Predominance of Rational Motivation 118 Summary 123 THE ACQUISITION OF z+(6DVJ,4" 124 z+(6DVJ,4" through }!F60F4H 125 z+(6DVJ,4" through Ascetic Precepts 130 CONCLUSION 137 CHAPTER FOUR: PHILO’S EXPOSITION OF THE TENTH COMMANDMENT: TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY 139 PHILO’S EXPOSITORY AGENDA 139 Traditional Interpretations of Clean and Unclean Animals 141 Contemporary Genres of Philosophical Literature 144 STRUCTURE OF PHILO’S EXPOSITION 151 TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY 153 §78b: Introduction 153 §79: Problem: Every Passion 153 §79 Excursus: Parallel Material in Decal. 142-46 156 §§80 – 83: Overview of Tyrannical Desire 159 §§80 – 83 Excursus: Parallel Material in Decal. 146-50 164 §§84 – 91: Tyrannical Desire as "Source of All Ills" 169 §§84 – 91 Excursus: Parallel Material in Decal. 151-53 174 §§92 – 94: Location of z+B42:\" 175 §§95 – 97: Overview of Moses’ "Paradigmatic Instruction" 179 §§98 – 99: First Fruits 185 §§100 – 102: Introduction to Clean and Unclean Animals 187 §§103 – 109: Land Animals 196 §§110 – 112: Aquatic Animals 207 §§113 – 115: "Reptiles" 209 §§116 – 117: Birds 215 §118: Conclusion of Clean and Unclean Animals 217 §§119 – 121: Dead Animals 220 §§122 – 125: Blood and Fat 224 §§126 – 131: Concluding Moral Narrative 228 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 236 SUMMARY 236 LINES OF FURTHER RESEARCH 240 BIBLIOGRAPHY 244 VITA 281 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Variations of Bipartition in Middle Platonism 60 2. Variations of Bipartition in Philo’s Writings 77 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations of primary sources are those of The SBL Handbook of Style (ed. Patrick H. Alexander et al.; Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1999), with the following exceptions: PRIMARY SOURCES Colson English trans. of Spec. 4 by F. H. Colson in vol. 8 of Philo. Translated by F. H. Colson et al. 12 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1929-1962. Didask. Didaskalikos by Alcinous. English trans. cited by ch. and sec. in The Handbook of Platonism. Translated with intro. and comm. by John Dillon. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993. Gk. text cited in brackets by p. [ed. Hermann, 1853] and line in Enseignement des doctrines de Platon. Edited with intro. and comm. by John Whittaker. Translated by Pierre Louis. 2d ed. Paris: Belles Lettres, 2002 (e.g., Didask. 32.4 [186.14-18]). DL Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers. Translated by R. D. Hicks. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1925. Eclog. Eclogae Physicae et Ethicae by Ioannes Stobaeus. Cited by p. and line in vol. 2 of Ioannes Stobaeus. Anthologii libri duo priores. 2 vols. Edited by Curt Wachsmuth. Berlin: Weidmann, 1884. ESE Epitome of Stoic Ethics by Arius Didymus. Cited by sec. in Epitome of Stoic Ethics. Edited by Arthur J. Pomeroy. Texts and Translations 44. Greco-Roman Series 14. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1999. Heinemann German trans. of Spec. 4 by Isaak Heinemann in vol. 2 of Die Werke Philos von Alexandria in Deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by L. Cohn, I. Heinemann, et al. 7 vols. Breslau, Berlin 1909-1964. ix LS A. A. Long and D. N. Sedley. The Hellenistic Philosophers. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Texts cited by section number and text letter (e.g., 25B). Mazz. Claudio Mazzarelli, “Raccolta e interpretazione delle testimonianze e dei frammenti del medioplatonico Eudoro di Alessandria: Parte prima: Testo e traduzione delle testimonianze e dei frammenti sicuri," Rivista di filosofia neo-scolastica 77 (1985): 197-209. Mosès French trans. of Spec. 4 by André Mosès in vol. 25 of Les œuvres de Philon D'Alexandrie. Edited by R. Arnaldez, J. Pouilloux, C. Mondésert. Paris, 1961-92. PAPM Les œuvres de Philon D'Alexandrie. Edited by R. Arnaldez, J. Pouilloux, C. Mondésert. Paris, 1961-92. PCH Die Werke Philos von Alexandria in Deutscher Übersetzung. Edited by L. Cohn, I. Heinemann, et al. 7 vols. Breslau, Berlin 1909-1964. PCW Philonis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt. Edited by L. Cohn, P. Wendland, S. Reiter. 6 vols.
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