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3.4 Wastewater Treatment Decadal Trends Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 Acknowledgement - Data Sources (in alphabetical order) Cartography and Cadastre Bureau (DSCC) Macao Government Tourism Office (DST) Civil Aviation Authority (AACM) Macao Water Supply Company Limited (SAAM) Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (DSEJ) Macau Electricity Company Limited (CEM) Financial Services Bureau (DSF) Macau International Airport Company Limited (CAM) Fire Services Bureau (CB) Macau Productivity and Technology Transfer Center (CPTTM) Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau (DICJ) Marine and Water Bureau (DSAMA) Health Bureau (SS) Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) Land, Public Works and Transport Bureau (DSSOPT) Municipal Affairs Bureau (IAM) Legal Affairs Bureau (DSAJ) Office for the Development of the Energy Sector (GDSE) Macao Customs Service (SA) Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) Macao Economic Services (DSE) Transport Bureau (DSAT) In order to improve the quality of the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao, the Environmental Protection Bureau (http://www.dspa.gov.mo) welcomes your valuable comments DSPA for our continuous improvement in relevant work. Thank you! Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 Index Message 1 Preface 2 Introduction 3 1. Social, Economic and Environmental Evolution of Macao 4 2. Atmospheric Environment 8 3. Water Environment 30 4. Solid Waste 45 5. Nature Conservation 55 6. Ambient Noise 64 7. Environmental Investment and Participation 70 8. Conclusions 77 Appendix 81 Abbreviations 83 Reference 84 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 Message The world is facing an environmental crisis, and global warming poses threats to people’s life around the world. The past five years were the hottest years ever recorded, Macao should remain well-prepared for such challenges. A sound ecological environment is an indispensable basis of sustainable development. In the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area released by the state in 2019, “To Pursue Green Development and Ecological Conservation” was established as the basic principle to “Taking Forward Ecological Conservation”. Macao should seize this opportunity of development, to improve the quality of life of residents and contribute to the optimization of the regional ecological environment. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region designated “Promote harmony between mankind and nature to build an ecologically advanced city” as one of the main approaches in the Policy Address of 2019, by stimulating works on environmental protection and promoting the practice of environmentally-friendly lifestyles, in an effort to improve the environmental quality and transform Macao into a low carbon city. We are living in a global village and sharing limited resources. Protecting the environment depends not only on public incentives and a closer regional cooperation but also on the joint efforts and support from all social sectors and residents. Saving resources and reducing waste in our daily life play a significant role in the mitigation of climate change. Every one could take part in saving the earth and make a difference with tiny environmentally-friendly acts and living habits. Secretary for Transport and Public Works Raimundo Arrais do Rosário 1 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 Preface and Facility Management Regulations for Oil Depots, Emission Limits for Air Pollutants from Power Plants, Regulations on the Import and Transit of Asbestos and Asbestos Products, and Prohibition on the Import and Transit into the Macao Special Administrative Region of Chemicals Listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, to regularize “Waste reduction at source” and improvement of air quality. In addition, through inter-departmental cooperation, the sewage discharges interception project implemented along the coast of Areia Preta has resulted in a gradual improvement of the coastal ecological environment and solved the pollution problem disturbing the residents. DSPA will commit all kinds of efforts to protect our environment, including participating actively into ecological and environmental protection cooperation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, developing diversified and convenient means of waste separation and The Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 published by recycling in the communities, reinforcing the protection of marine the Environmental Protection Bureau (DSPA) aims to increase public environment, and encouraging residents to practice “Waste reduction at knowledge about the latest states and trends of the environment of Macao, source” in their daily lives, so as to improve the environmental quality of as well as the progress of relevant environmental policies implemented by the Macao. Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region. Through this Report, the DSPA anticipates more attention will be paid from Over the past decade, in an attempt to improve environmental different social sectors about environmental protection, and by taking their management in line with the state of the environment of Macao and issues of responsibilities for environmental protection and practicing eco-acts in order social concern that impact greatly on the environment and residents, the to advance together the sustainable development of Macao. Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region has established a Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to the members of the Advisory series of environmental policies from air quality improvement to waste Council on the Environment for their valuable insights, relevant government management, carried out continuous review on the implementation of the departments and agencies for their provision of assistance and information, Environmental Protection Planning of Macao (2010-2020), laid out future and the editorial team for the continuous improvement of the Report. plans, formulated and elaborated around 30 relevant laws and regulations. Director of the Environmental Protection Bureau In 2019, a wide range of laws and regulations were published, including Tam Vai Man Restrictions on the Provision of Plastic Bags, Air Pollutant Emission Limits 2 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 Introduction The DSPA, in accordance with the duties conferred by law, prepares and publishes the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 to provide the status and evolution of the environment of Macao to all social sectors and residents in a timely manner, so to promote social awareness, cooperation, and participation in environmental protection. The “Driving Forces-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses” (DPSIR) indicator analysis system (see the figure below), which is widely adopted worldwide, is continually adopted in this Report to categorize and analyze the 19 environmental indicators1 and 82 environmental sub-indicators under 7 major aspects, namely, the society and economy, atmospheric environment, water environment, solid waste, nature conservation, ambient noise, environmental investment and participation, aiming to reflect the status of relevant environmental factors and their interrelationships. Driving Forces Responses Pressures Impacts States DPSIR Framework 1 “Environmental indicators” are effective tools for analyzing and assessing the environmental quality of a region or a country and are adopted by most of the countries in the world. 3 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 1. Social, Economic and Environmental Evolution of DPSIR Framework Macao D Driving Forces P Pressures S States I Impacts R Responses The social and economic growth of Macao is inextricably linked Status with environmental protection which is an essential part of sustainable development. This chapter will introduce the major Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1 shows the variations in the major social, social, economic, and environmental indicators of Macao in 2019 economic, and environmental indicators of Macao. In respect of social and economic indicators in 2019, visitor arrivals, population density, and and illustrate their evolution. end-year population all increased in varying degrees compared with 2018, while gross domestic product (GDP) decreased slightly compared with 2018. Although visitor arrivals increased by about 10% in 2019, tourism intensity decreased slightly due to the increase in tourists spending nights in hotels was slightly lower than the increase in mid-year population. In respect of environmental indicators, as visitor arrivals and local population increased further, resource consumption (including electricity consumption and billed water consumption) and the quantity of municipal solid waste disposal also increased in 2019 compared with 2018. In addition, due to reduced local production of electricity in 2018, the estimated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) had decreased significantly compared with 2017. Decadal trends In the past decade, the major social, economic, and environmental indicators (the estimated emissions of GHG were calculated from 2009 to 2018) of Macao, population density, and tourism intensity were on an overall upward trend (see Figures 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3). Indicator for environmental analysis in this chapter Social, Economic and Environmental Evolution of Macao 4 Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2019 Table 1.1 Numerical data and annual percentage increase/decrease of major social, economic and environmental indicators of Macao
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