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The Fleas (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Arkansas, Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 71 Article 17 2017 The leF as (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Arkansas Chris T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma St. College, [email protected] Lance A. Durden Georgia Southern University, [email protected] Henry W. Robison Retired, [email protected] Matthew .B Connior NW Arkansas Community College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Recommended Citation McAllister, Chris T.; Durden, Lance A.; Robison, Henry W.; and Connior, Matthew B. (2017) "The Fleas (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 71 , Article 17. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol71/iss1/17 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The leF as (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Arkansas Cover Page Footnote The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission issued Scientific oC llecting Permits to CTM and MBC allowing collection various flea hosts. This article is available in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol71/iss1/17 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 71 [2017], Art. 17 The Fleas (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Arkansas C.T. McAllister1*, L.A. Durden2, H.W. Robison3 and M.B. Connior4 1Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 2Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458 39717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, AR 72120 4Life Sciences, Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, AR 72712 *Correspondence: [email protected] Running Title: Fleas of Arkansas Abstract parasitic agents. Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are important Methods ectoparasites of cats, dogs, other mammals (including humans), and birds, and are an important component of We conducted an exhaustive search of the scientific the biota of North America. In addition, they can be literature and the world-wide web for information on nuisance biters and serve as vectors or intermediate fleas in the state. Records of recent collections of hosts of several flea-borne disease agents and parasites Arkansas fleas reported by us (McAllister et al. 2013; that negatively affect mammals and birds. In Arkansas, Connior et al. 2014; Tumlison et al. 2015) are also there have been no recent comprehensive summaries of included. In addition, rodent trapping was conducted in fleas in the last 45+ years. Here, we provide a summary Benton, Carroll and Saline counties during 2016 using of the 29 species of fleas within 7 families that have Museum Special® snap traps and/or Sherman live traps been recorded from the state, update their taxonomy, baited with rolled oats. and note their medical and veterinary importance. Flea classification follows Lewis (1998). Common names of fleas listed herein follow the Common Names Introduction of Insects Database (Entomological Society of America 2016). Voucher specimens deposited in collections are Fleas are small, wingless, hematophagous (blood- designated (with accession numbers) as follows: feeding) ectoparasites that mostly infest mammals GSUENT: Georgia Southern University Entomology (about 94% of known species), with the remainder of Collection, Statesboro, GA. species parasitizing birds (Durden and Hinkle 2009). NMNH: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural There are ca. 246 recognized genera and over 2,500 History, Washington, DC. species within 16 families (Lewis 1998). Some species are notable nuisance biters of humans and domestic Results animals and some serve as vectors or intermediate hosts of flea-borne disease agents and parasites. Schiefer and We report a total of 29 species of fleas within 7 Lancaster (1970) provided a checklist of the 21 species families from Arkansas as follows (M = Male[s], F = of fleas known at that time from Arkansas. However, Female[s]); coll: B.C. Marshall (BCM). Counties with their collections (made in 1968) were limited to sites in records are provided in Fig. 1; most are in the Ozark northwestern Arkansas. Since that paper, and despite the Mountains physiographic region. However, not all medical and veterinary importance of fleas in the state, localities are available from previous publications, there have been no attempts to provide a comprehensive including those for 4 species of fleas, particularly from list of Arkansas fleas. south Arkansas in Pratt and Good (1954). The purpose of this report is three-fold: (1) produce an update on the fleas known to occur in Arkansas, (2) FAMILY PULICIDAE provide the most recent taxonomy on these fleas, and (3) Cediopsylla simplex (Baker) – rabbit flea. note any known medical and veterinary importance of 1M, 3F ex “rabbit,” Lawrence Co., Imboden, Mar. these fleas including species that are vectors for 1925, coll: BCM (Fox 1940). pathogenic microorganisms or intermediate hosts of Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 71, 2017 69 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2017 69 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 71 [2017], Art. 17 C.T. McAllister, L.A. Durden, H.W. Robison and M.B. Connior Dipetalonema reconditum, is also transmitted by this flea (Durden and Hinkle 2009). Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) – cat flea. 2F ex 10 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis); 15M, 68F ex 20 Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana); 1F ex 17 brown rat (Rattus norvegicus); 1M, 1F ex 1 eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius); “numerous specimens” ex C. l. familiaris; 1M, 24F ex 15 domestic cats (Felis catus); unreported numbers ex gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginiana); 1968, NW Arkansas (Schiefer and Lancaster 1970). Benton, Johnson, Newton, Phillips, Saline, and Washington Cos., no host data (McKern et al. 2008). Like the previous species, this flea is almost cosmopolitan. It is a vector of Bartonella henselae, the Figure 1. Arkansas counties within physiographic regions with flea causative agent of cat scratch disease and of Rickettsia records reported herein. Also see Discussion. felis, and the agent of cat flea rickettsiosis (sometimes referred to as cat flea typhus) (Durden et al. 2012). Like 1F ex eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus, C. canis, it can also serve as an intermediate host of D. “Arkansas,” coll: J.C. Bequeart (Hopkins and caninum and H. nana, and can also transmit D. Rothschild 1953). reconditum. This flea is a nuisance biter of domestic cats 12M, 14F ex 7 S. floridanus, 3M, 8F ex 4 black- and wild felids and is also common on domestic dogs tailed jack rabbits (Lepus californicus), 2M, 8F ex 2 (Durden and Hinkle 2009). gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), unreported numbers ex swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus), 1968, Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) – stick-tight NW Arkansas (Schiefer and Lancaster 1970). flea. Ex S. floridanus, “Arkansas” (Andrews et al. 1980). 4F ex “dogs,” Lawrence Co., Imboden, 27 Nov. This is a widespread flea of lagomorphs and their 1931, coll: BCM (Fox 1940). predators in the eastern two-thirds of North America Lawrence Co., Imboden (no other data) (Trembley (Holland 1985, Durden et al. 2012). Lagomorphs are and Bishopp 1940). reservoir hosts for Francisella tularensis, the causative Ex R. norvegicus and black rat (Rattus rattus), 5 agent of tularemia, and Hopla (1980a) provides localities across Arkansas (Pratt and Good 1954). evidence for the transmission of this bacterium by fleas. Ex F. catus and C. l. familiaris, “Arkansas” (Becklund 1964). Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis) – dog flea. Ex F. catus, NW Arkansas, 1968 (Schiefer and Madison Co., Georgetown (no other data) Lancaster 1970). (Trembley and Bishopp 1940). This small flea is globally widespread in tropical, 1F ex unknown host, Lawrence Co., Imboden, 1928, subtropical and warm temperate regions. It infests a coll: BCM (Fox 1940). wide diversity of avian and mammalian hosts (Durden “Several specimens” ex domestic dog (Canis lupus et al. 2012). This flea has elongate, barbed mouthparts familiaris), NW Arkansas, 1968 (Schiefer and Lancaster that allow it to embed in host tissue for prolonged 1970). periods, as reflected by its common name. It sometimes The dog flea is a nuisance biter of domestic dogs occurs in clusters of specimens on the host head where and other canids. It is almost cosmopolitan in oral self-grooming cannot be directed against it by the distribution and can serve as an intermediate host of host. both the double-pored dog tapeworm, Dipylidium caninum and dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis Euhoplopsyllus glacialis affinis (Baker) – no common (=Vampirolepis) nana. The latter, H. nana, is one of the name (NCN). most common cestodes of humans, especially young 1M, 1F ex 20 D. virginiana; 2M, 2F ex 4 L. children in the southern U.S. A filiarial worm of dogs, californicus; 18M, 25F ex 7 S. floridanus; 1M, 1F ex 2 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 71, 2017 70 http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol71/iss1/17 70 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 71 [2017], Art. 17 Fleas of Arkansas U. cinereoargenteus; 1M, 1F ex 15 F. catus), NW 1958. Therefore, some of the specimens recorded above Arkansas, 1968 (Schiefer and Lancaster 1970). as P. irritans, could have actually been P. simulans. This flea is mainly associated with lagomorphs and mostly known from some mid-western states extending Xenopsylla cheopis – Oriental rat flea. south to Texas (Hopkins and Rothschild 1953; Holland Ex R. norvegicus and R. rattus, 23 localities across 1985). It has no known medical-veterinary importance Arkansas (Pratt and Good 1954).
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