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Histophilus Somni-Induced Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis in Cattle from Northern Paraná, Brazil1

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Histophilus Somni-Induced Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis in Cattle from Northern Paraná, Brazil1 Pesq. Vet. Bras. 35(4):329-336, abril 2015 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2015000400003 Histophilus somni-induced thrombotic meningoencephalitis in cattle from northern Paraná, Brazil1 Selwyn A. Headley2*, Ana Paula F.R.L. Bracarense2, Victor H.S. Oliveira3, Gustavo R. Queiroz4, Werner Okano5 3, Karina K.M.C. Flaiban6, Júlio A.N. Lisbôa4 3 , Alice F. Alfieri ABSTRACT.- and Amauri A. Alfieri Histophilus somni-induced throm- botic meningoencephalitis Headley S.A., Bracarense in cattle A.P.F.R.L., from northern Oliveira Paraná, V.H.S., Queiroz Brazil. G.R., Pesquisa Okano Veterinária W., Alfieri BrasileiraA.F., Flaiban 35(4):329-336. K.K.M.C., Lisbôa Laboratório J.A.N. & Alfieride Patologia A.A. 2015. Animal, Departamento de Medicina Vete- rinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445 Km [email protected] Thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME) is a fatal neurological disease of cattle, predo- 380,minantly Cx. Postal from 10.011,North America, Londrina, that PR 860571-970,is caused by Brazil.Histophilus E-mail: somni with sporadic descrip- tions from other countries. This manuscript describes the occurrence of spontaneous TME in cattle from northern Paraná, Brazil. Most cattle had acute neurological manifestations suggestive of bacterial infections of the brain. Histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis characteristicwith vasculitis of and brain thrombosis dysfunction. of small Hematological vessels that and contained cerebrospinal discrete fluid neutrophilic analyses were and/or not nerve ganglion of all animals. All tissues from the central nervous system used during this lymphocytic infiltrates admixed with fibrin at the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and trigeminal- orescence assay. PCR and RT-PCR assays investigated the participation of infectious agents study were previously characterized as negative for rabies virus by the directH. somni immunoflu, Listeria monocytogenes - associated with bovine neurological disease by targeting specific genes of of H. somni from, bovine brain herpesvirussections of all -1 animalsand -5, bovine with histopathological viral diarrhea virus, diagnosis and ovine of TME; herpes all virus-2. PCR and subsequent sequencing resulted in partial fragments of the 16S rRNA geneH. somni other PCR/RT-PCR assays were negative. These findings confirmedH. somni the from participation Brazil. of in the neuropathologicalHistophilus somni, thrombotic disease observed meningoencephalitis, in these animals, bovine extend disease, the neuropathology, geographical centraldistribution nervous of system,this disease, molecular and diagnostics,support previous histophilosis. findings of INDEX TERMS: RESUMO.- [Meningoencefalite trombótica-induzida por encephalitis- TME) é uma doença neurológica fatal de bovi- Histophilus somni em bovinos da região norte do Para- nos ocasionada por Histophilus somni. A infecção tem sido ná.] Meningoencefalite trombótica (Thrombotic meningo- descrita predominantemente na América do Norte e de for- ma esporádica em outros países. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de TME em bovinos da região norte do 1 estado do Paraná, Brasil. A maioria dos animais apresenta- 2 Received on October 3, 2014. Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veteri- ram sinais clínicos neurológicos característicos de disfun- náriaAccepted Preventiva, for publicationUniversidade on Estadual February de 10, Londrina 2015. (UEL), Londrina, PR, [email protected] - 3 Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Medicina Veteri- rebrospinal não foram sugestivas de infecção bacteriana do 860571-970, Brasil. *Corresponding author: cérebro.ção cerebral A histopatologia aguda. Análises revelou hematológicas meningoencefalite e do fluido com ce 4 Clínica de Grande Animais, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, - nária Preventiva, UEL, Londrina, PR 860571-970. 5 Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Uni- UEL, Londrina, PR, 860571-970. vasculite e trombose de pequenos vasos com discreto infil 6 Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veteriná- todostrado neutrofílicoos animais. e/ouAs amostras linfocítico de mescladasistema nervoso com fibrina central no versidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, PR, 86702-670, Brasil. incluídastronco e córtex nesse cerebralestudo foram e no gânglio previamente do nervo caracterizadas trigêmio de ria Preventiva, UEL, Londrina, PR 860571-970. 329 Selwyn A. Headley et al. 330 como negativas para raiva por meio de técnica de imuno- Gross neurological lesions are characteristic and visible in associados à doença neurológica em bovinos foi avaliada hemorrhagic areas randomly distributed throughout the fluorescência direta. A participação de agentes infecciosos- most untreated cases, and consist of 1 – 30 mm diameter- cação parcial de genes de H. somni, Listeria monocytogenes, - por técnicas moleculares como PCR e RT-PCR para amplifi culitisbrain (Van and thrombosis,Dreumel et al. which 1970, predominantly Maxie & Youssef affects 2007, small Za herpesvírus ovino 2. As seções do cérebro de todos os ani- arteries,chary 2012). resulting Histologically, in tissue necrosis TME is withcharacterized a marked neutroby vas- maisherpesvírus com diagnóstico bovino 1 histopatológicoe 5, vírus da diarreia de TME viral foram bovina positi e- H. somni. - philic response (Inzana & Corbeil 2004, Maxie & Youssef presençavas em PCR de para DNA a dedetecção H. somni do nosgene fragmentos 16S rRNA de de cérebro 2007, George 2009); thrombi frequently contains intrale- avaliados.O sequenciamento As reações dos de produtos PCR/RT-PCR amplificados para todos confirmou os outros a sional bacterial colonies (Maxie & Youssef 2007, Zachary micro-organismos avaliados resultaram negativas. Os re- in2012). cases This of H. paper somni presents-induced the thrombotic clinical, hematological,meningoencepha ce- H. litisrebrospinal from northern fluid, and Paraná. neuropathological findings observed somni nos episódios de doença neurológica observada nos sultados desse estudo confirmaram a participação do MATERIALS AND METHODS - Animals, clinical history, and necropsy. All affected cattle traramanimais a avaliados, presença ampliade H. somni a distribuição em outras geográfica formas de da mani TME- festaçãoe ratifica clínicaestudos das prévios infecções realizados por essa no bactéria. Brasil que demons the signalment and principal clinical manifestations of the affec- originated from several breeds, and between 1.5-6 years of age; Histo- an ongoing study that is investigating the cause of neurological philus somni, doença de bovinos, neuropatologia, sistema nervoso diseaseted cattle in are cattle given from in Tablethe state 1. Further, of Paraná. these Most animals properties were part ( =4) of TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Meningoencefalite trombótica, n were small subsistence farms, while herd no 5 raised cattle for fattening. Cattle at all herds are routinely vaccinated against Foot central, diagnóstico molecular, histofilose. INTRODUCTION and Mouth Disease and clostridiosis, maintained predominantly on green pastures, and supplemented with commercially prepa- Histophilosis is a multisystemic disease entity of rumi- red mineral salts; water was given ad libitum. nants caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Histophilus somni (formerly known as Haemophilus somnus) which three cases occurring during August, September, and December produces several clinical syndromes including thrombo- The first two cases occurred in late July 2013,n=4) were with inthe perma other- tic meningoencephalitis (TME), bronchopneumonia, pleu- nent recumbency, a few were blind (n=2), and with convulsions ritis, polysynovitis, septicemia, myocarditis, otitis media, (2013.n=2); All only animals one animal were depressed, was febrile but (n mosto ( manifestations until spontaneous death or euthanasia was acute in most cases (n=4), with variation of 2 1). to The8 days, course but ofanimal clinical no infertility, abortion, and mastitis (Inzana & Corbeil 2004,- 2 was reportedly ill during 22 days. This animal was hospitalized Pérez et al. 2010). Histophilosis has been a major problem due to a history of progressive emaciation and muscular weak- ness, and was maintained on supportive therapy. Additionally, of cattle in North America (Van Dreumel et al. 1970, Ma- most animals (n=4) were euthanized in extremis, with owners recDonald economic et al. loss 1973, to Georgethe affected 2009) livestock and Australia industry (Lancaster (Saun- consent, due to the severity of clinical manifestations; animal et al. 1984, Hick et al. 2012) for decades, resulting in seve no of histophilosis from countries such as the UK (Wessels & (CSF) of all animals were collected before death for laboratory ders et al. 1980). Additionally, there are sporadic reports analyses. 4 died spontaneously. Blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid - Routine necropsies were performed soon after death; selec- losisWessels in cattle2005), from Argentina different (Descarga geographical et al. 2002), regions and of Japan Bra- ted tissue fragments (brain, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, intesti- (Tanaka et al. 2005). Recently, we have described histophi ne, myocardium, and lymph nodes) from each animal necropsied - routinely processed for histopathological evaluation. Neurologi- zil due to the characterization of systemic disease in five were fixed by immersion in 10% buffered formalin solution and- animals (Headley et al. 2013b), and reproductive manifes threattations to have the beefbeen cattle
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