Mitigating Single Pathogen and Co-Infections That Threaten Amphibian Biodiversity
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MITIGATING SINGLE PATHOGEN AND CO-INFECTIONS THAT THREATEN AMPHIBIAN BIODIVERSITY 24 – 25 April 2019 ZSL SYMPOSIUM Zoological Society of London Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY ORGANISED BY TRENT GARNER, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XAVIER HARRISON, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, ANDY FENTON, UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, AND MATTHEW FISHER, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON. THIS SYMPOSIUM WILL BE HOSTED BY THE ZOO LOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON (Z SL), IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE DURRELL INSTITUTE OF CONSERVATION AND EC OLOGY (DICE), UNIVERSITY OF KENT . Front cover image copyright of Gonçalo M. Rosa, Zoological Society of London 2 | ZSL Symposium TABLE OF CONTENTS SYMPOSIUM OVERVIEW .......................................................................... 4 PROGRAMME .......................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACTS ............................................................................................. 7 Day 1: Wednesday 24 April 2019 .......................................................... 7 SESSION 1: AMPHIBIANS UNDER THREAT, INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND DISTRIBUTIONS 7 SESSION 2: IMPACTS, INTERACTIONS AND CO -OCCURRENCES .......................... 10 Day 2: Thursday 25 April 2019 ............................................................. 14 SESSION 3: MITIGATING INFECTIOUS DISEASE I: DECISION MAKING AND MANIPULATIONS ................................................................ 14 SESSION 4: MITIGATING INFECTION DISEASE II: MICROBIOMES, IMMUNOGENETICS AND NATURAL RECOVERY ..................................................... 15 SPEAKER & CHAIR BIOGRAPHIES ............................................................. 19 POSTER ABSTRACTS ............................................................................... 24 SITE MAPS & TRAVEL INFORMATION ....................................................... 37 3 | ZSL Symposium SYMPOSIUM OVERVIEW THE CHALLENGE Amphibians continue to experience worldwide declines and remain the most threatened vertebrate class. Nearly 30 years of research has shown that pathogens, in particular chytridiomycete fungi and ranaviruses, are responsible for infectious diseases that cause catastrophic population and host community declines on all continents where amphibians exist. While our understanding of the conditions required for amphibian-host decline has grown significantly, our ability to convert this knowledge into practical strategies for managing amphibian pathogens lags far behind. In contrast, the pathogens are moving quickly, and beginning to emerge as mixed infections, causing even greater declines. THE SYMPOSIUM This two-day symposium is the first international event to approach chytrids and ranaviruses as a combined threat to amphibians. It will draw on key research communities, as well as on-the-ground conservationists, to aid the process of moving beyond single pathogen research and management, into managing mixed infections and potentially competing pathogens. Speakers will outline the conservation issues amphibians face and how disease figures in these, provide background on the threat posed by single versus mixed pathogen dynamics, and the outcomes of field mitigation strategies. This symposium will bring together the amphibian research and conservation communities to develop 21st century strategies for combating rapidly emerging mixed infections that are already threatening global amphibian biodiversity. 4 | ZSL Symposium PROGRAMME Day 1: Wednesday 24 April 2019 09:00 Registration opens 09:30 Welcome by Trent Garner, Zoological Society of London SESSION 1: AMPHIBIANS UNDER THREAT, INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND DISTRIBUTIONS Chair: Trent Garner, Zoological Society of London 09:40 The global effort to conserve amphibians under threat Phil Bishop, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Amphibian Specialist Group & University of Otago 10:05 The Amphibian Conservation Action Plan for Emerging Infectious Diseases Reid Harris, Amphibian Survival Alliance & James Madison University 10:30 BREAK 11:00 Ranavirus Invasions: 50 years of research – now let’s do something about it! Matthew Gray, University of Tennessee 11:25 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: the first chytrid threat and source of coinfections Trent Garner, Zoological Society of London 11:50 Bsal: translating basic science in mitigation actions An Martel and Frank Pasmans, Ghent University 12:15 Mapping the spatial distribution of chytrids and ranaviruses Deanna H. (Dede) Olson, USDA Forest Service 12:40 DISCUSSION 13:10 LUNCH (Prince Albert Suite) SESSION 2: IMPACTS, INTERACTIONS AND CO-OCCURRENCES Chair: Xavier Harrison, University of Exeter 14:10 Amphibian trade and disease Richard Griffiths, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent 14:35 Using pathogen genomics to track introductions through trade Matthew Fisher, Imperial College London and Stephen Price, Zoological Society of London & University College London 15:00 Living with the enemy: Coexistence of a highly susceptible frog species with chytrid fungus Ben Scheele, Australian National University 15:25 BREAK 15:55 Environmental influences on ranavirus transmission and disease risk in amphibians Jason Hoverman, Purdue University 16:20 Pathogenic potential of chytrid co-infections in North American salamanders Ana V. Longo, University of Florida 16:45 What makes a small country big: the ubiquitousness of amphibian pathogens in the Netherlands Annemarieke Spitzen, RAVON 17:10 DISCUSSION 17:40 DRINKS RECEPTION & POSTER SESSION 18:45 SYMPOSIUM DINNER (Prince Albert Suite) 5 | ZSL Symposium PROGRAMME Day 2: Thursday 25 April 2019 SESSION 3: MITIGATING INFECTIOUS DISEASE I: DECISION MAKING AND MANIPULATIONS Chair: Andy Fenton, University of Liverpool 09:30 Decision making for mitigating amphibian diseases Stefano Canessa, Ghent University 09:55 Amphibian translocations when disease threat remains Erin Muths, U.S. Geological Survey 10:20 BREAK 10:50 Understanding transmission dynamics to identify mitigation targets Cherie Briggs, University of California, Santa Barbara 11:15 Mitigating chytridiomycosis: an experimental approach Benedikt R. Schmidt, Info Fauna Karch & University of Zurich, Switzerland 11:40 DISCUSSION 12:10 LUNCH SESSION 4: MITIGATING INFECTION DISEASE II: MICROBIOMES, IMMUNOGENETICS AND NATURAL RECOVERY Chair: Matthew Fisher, Imperial College London 13:10 Manipulating microbiomes in multihost and multipathogen systems Xavier Harrison, University of Exeter and Molly Bletz, University of Massachusetts 13:35 Host immunity to ranavirus and chytrid fungal pathogens Jacques Robert, University of Rochester Medical Center 14:00 Understanding multi-host, multi-pathogen infections and coinfections within California amphibian communities Pieter Johnson, University of Colorado 14:25 BREAK 14:55 Natural recovery of endangered frogs in the presence of Bd as a guide for active conservation measures Roland Knapp, University of California, Santa Barbara & Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory 15:20 Long-term monitoring reveals hope for recovery of Panamanian amphibian communities after a chytridiomycosis epizootic Corinne Richards-Zawacki, University of Pittsburgh 14:45 DISCUSSION 16:15 END OF SYMPOSIUM 6 | ZSL Symposium ABSTRACTS Day 1: Wednesday 24 April 2019 09:30 WELCOME BY TRENT GARNER, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SESSION 1: AMPHIBIANS UNDER THREAT, INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND DISTRIBUTIONS Chair, Trent Garner, Zoological Society of London 09:40 THE GLOBAL EFFORT TO CONSERVE AMPHIBIANS UNDER THREAT Phil Bishop, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Amphibian Specialist Group & University of Otago Global amphibian declines and extinctions have been reported for many decades and it has become clear that amphibians are experiencing a global extinction crisis. The amphibian community has built a network to respond to this crisis, including: coordinating amphibian conservation scientists and practitioners through the Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) which develops the scientific input to support conservation decision-making through recommendations set out in the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP); the Amphibian Ark (AArk) which coordinates ex situ actions and how these can be effectively linked to conservation on-the-ground; and the Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA) a partnership of global organisations that work to promote the conservation of amphibians and implement ACAP. This network needs to be continually strengthened by contributors both within and outside of the amphibian community. ASG, AArk and ASA all share a common vision “Amphibians thriving in nature” and their new Strategic and Operational Plans include priority actions such as: mitigating the impact of other key threats such as emerging infectious diseases and trade; habitat protection (KBAs); communication and awareness- raising; assessments of the conservation status of amphibian diversity; rescue and capacity building; and developing applied science needed to inform effective conservation actions. While the future for amphibians is still precarious, global amphibian conservation is finally moving ahead in a coordinated and collaborative way. 10:05 THE AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Reid Harris, Amphibian Survival Alliance & James Madison University Authors: Reid N. Harris 1, Molly C. Bletz 2 & Penny Langhammer 3 1 Amphibian Survival Alliance and James Madison University 2 University of Massachusetts, Boston 3 Amphibian Survival Alliance and Global Wildlife Conservation Emerging infectious diseases are a leading cause of recent amphibian