Basundhara (West) Extension Ocp

CMPDI/FINAL-EIA/MCL/2019-20/Sept-19/79/01

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTENSION OCP

(CAPACITY 8.75 MTY)

BASUNDHARA AREA IB VALLEY COALFIELD MAHANADI COALFIELDS LIMITED

SEPTEMBER 2019

Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (A Subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.) Regional Institute-VII, Samantpuri, P.O: RRL, Bhubaneswar-751013 (Odisha)

Certificate of accreditation vide No. NABET/EIA/1720/ RA 0092 valid till 01.10.2020 CMPDI

LIST OF CONTENTS

Sl. Chapters Particulars Page No. #

1. TOR and its Compliance of Basundhara OCP (8.75 Mty)…...... 1 -- 17 2. Proforma…………………………………………………………………... 1 -- 39 3. Chapter-I Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Report…………………………….. 1 -- 3 1.2 General Information …….………………………… 3 -- 4 1.3 Scope of Study…………….………………………. 4 -- 5 1.4 Sources & Types of Data…………………………. 5 -- 5 4. Chapter-II Project Description 2.1 Study Area Profile………………….……………… 1 -- 3 2.2 Project Profile………………………..…………….. 3 -- 6 2.3 Mine Target, Life and Reserve…………………… 7 -- 7 2.4 Mine Details…..……………………………………. 7 -- 9 2.5 Type and Method of Mining Operation………….. 9 -- 9 2.6 Grade of Coal………………………………………. 9 -- 9 2.7 Other Parameters of Project……..………………. 9 -- 11 2.8 Proposed Production Schedule, Ob Removal & Dumping Programme……………………………… 11 -- 12 2.9 Land Management………………………………… 12 -- 13 2.10 Required of HEMM………………………………… 14 -- 14 2.11 Vehicular Traffic Density…………………………. 15 -- 15 2.12 Mineral(s) Transportation outside the ML area… 15 -- 15 2.13 Construction of Rail Infrastructure……………….. 15 -- 15 2.14 Litigation / Pending Cases……………………….. 15 -- 15 2.15 Occupational Health Issue……………………….. 15 -- 15 2.16 Diversion of Road & Drainage …..………………. 16 -- 16 2.17 Rehabilitation & Resettlement……………………. 16 -- 16 2.18 Use of Natural Resources………………………… 16 -- 16 2.19 Safety Management & Conservation……………. 17 -- 17

2.20 Economic Parameters…………………………….. 17 -- 18

Job No.706135

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5. Chapter-III Description of the Environment 3.1 Present Environmental Scenario………………… 1 -- 1 3.2 Ambient Air Quality………………….…………….. 1 -- 18 3.3 Water Quality………………………….…………… 18 -- 25 3.4 Hydrology & Hydrogeology……….….…………… 26 -- 39 3.5 Noise Level Measurement……………………….. 40 -- 41 3.6 Land Use/Cover Pattern……………….…………. 42 -- 42 3.7 Socio-economic Scenario………………………… 43 -- 59 3.8 Soil Quality Study…….……………………………. 60 -- 63 3.9 Information on Bio-diversity…………….………… 64 -- 87 3.10 Places of Religious, Historical & Archaeological Importance…………………………………………. 87 -- 87

6. Chapter-IV Anticipated Env. Impacts & Mitigation Measures 4.1 Assessment of Impact and Control Measures on Air Quality …………..……………………………... 1 -- 5 4.2 Assessment of Impact and Control Measures on Hydrology & Hydrogeology……………….………. 5 -- 20 4.3 Noise Quality…….………………………….……… 21 -- 23 4.4 Risk and Hazards………………………………….. 23 -- 24 4.5 Impact on Socio-economic Profile………….……. 24 -- 28 4.6 Impact on Bio-diversity………………….………… 28 -- 32 4.7 Impact on Land Use and Land Scape…………… 32 -- 34 4.8 Impact on Traffic Movement and control measures …………………………….……………. 34 -- 35 4.9 Impact on Public Health…………………………… 35 -- 35

4.10 Environment Impact Assessment………………... 35 -- 38

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7. Chapter-V Analysis of Alternative Technology 5.1 Introduction………………………….……………… 1 -- 1 5.2 Mining Technology for Env. Management….…… 1 -- 3 5.3 Basic Mine Parameters…………………………… 3 -- 3 5.4 Mining Strategy…………………………………….. 4 -- 4

8. Chapter-VI Environmental Management System and Monitoring Organization 6.1 Environmental Management System……………. 1 -- 3 6.2 Monitoring Organization…………………………... 3 -- 7 6.3 Monitoring & Control………………………………. 7 -- 8

9. Chapter-VII Additional Studies 7.1 Disaster Management (Risk Assessment & Management) …………………….….…………….. 1 -- 11 7.2 Social Impact & RR Action Plan………………….. 11 -- 11 7.3 Corporate Social Responsibility………………….. 11 -- 13 7.4 Habitat Management / Wildlife Conservation Cost…………………………………………………. 13 -- 14 7.5 Public Consultation / Hearing……………………. 14 -- 14 7.6 Rain Water Harvesting……………………………. 14 -- 15 7.7 Slope Stability……………………………………… 15 -- 21

10. Chapter-VIII Project Benefits 8.1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 -- 1 8.2 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure & Community Development…………………………. 1 -- 2 8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure……………. 3 -- 3 8.4 Employment Potential……………………………... 3 -- 4 8.5 Other Tangible Benefits…………………………… 4 -- 4

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11. Chapter-IX Environmental Economics 9.1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 -- 1 9.2 Expenditure to be incurred towards CSR……….. 1 -- 1 9.3 Compensatory Afforestation Cost & Wild Life 1 -- 2 Management……………………………………….. 9.4 Rain Water Harvesting……………………………. 2 -- 2 9.5 Biological Reclamation Cost……………………… 2 -- 2

9.6 Corporate Environment Responsibility 2 -- 2 9.7 Mine Closure Cost…………………………………. 2 -- 4

9.8 Revenue Cost for EIA/EMP………………………. 4 -- 4

12. Chapter-X Environmental Management Plan 10.1 Mine Closure Plan…………………..…………….. 1 -- 29 10.2 Post-operational stage land use plan landscape. 29 -- 30 10.3 Control Measures for Traffic Movement………… 30 -- 30

13. Chapter-XI Summary & Conclusion 11.1 Project Description………………………………… 1 -- 5 11.2 Description of Environment………….……………. 5 -- 6 11.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures……………………………….. 6 -- 11 11.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme…..……… 11 -- 11 11.5 Project Benefit……………………………………... 11 -- 12 11.6 Environmental Management Plan……………….. 12 -- 12 11.7 Conclusion………………………………………….. 12 -- 12

14. Chapter-XII Disclosure of the Consultant Engaged 12.1 Name of Consultant………………………………. 1 -- 2

12.2 Brief Resume of the Consultants………………... 2 -- 2 12.3 Environment Division……………………………… 3 -- 3

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LIST OF ANNEXURES

Sl. Particulars Annexure No. No. 1. Copy of Mining Plan & Mine Closure Plan Approval Letter I 2. Copy of Forest Application Letter II 3. Copy of Public Hearing proceeding III 4. Copy of agreement of Power Supply IV 5. Copy of Central Ground Water Authority Application Letter V

LIST OF PLATES

Sl No. Particulars Plate 1. Location Plan I A & I B 2. Surface Master Plan II 3. Study area showing 10 Km Buffer zone III 4. Infrastructure plan showing 10 Km Buffer zone IV 5. Drainage Map showing the 10 Km Buffer zone V 6. Geological Plan VI 7. Geological Cross-section along DD’, and EE’. VIA 8. Contour plan showing 10 Km Buffer zone VII 9. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 3rd year VIII 10. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 5th year VIII A 11. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 10th year VIII B 12. Final Stage Dump Plan IX 13. Longitudinal and Traverse Cross Section of Final Stage Dump Plan IX A 14. Land Use Map X 15. Location of Air Sampling Locations XI 16. Location of Water Sampling Locations XII 17. Location of Noise Sampling Locations XIII 18. Location of Soil Sampling Locations XIV 19. Longitudinal & Traverse Cross- Section of mine XV 20. Final Mine Closure Plan XVI 21. Longitudinal and Traverse Cross Section of Final Mine Closure Plan XVI A

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Chapter – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. The Chaturdhara block is located in north-western central part of Ib River coalfield of Odisha, known as Gopalpur sector. This coalfield is the southern middle part of lower Gondwana basin of Sone- Mahanadi Valley and occupies an area of about 1460 sq.km with potential coal bearing area of around 1050 sq.km. The Ib River coalfield lies in between latitude 21o31’ to 22o14’ North and longitude 83o32’ to 84o10’ East and falls mainly in Sundergarh, Jharsuguda and Sambalpur districts of Odisha. Coal reserves of this coalfield are about 24.83 billion tonnes (as on 1.4.2015) of which about 15.10 billion tonnes lie within a depth range of 300m.

Coal demand from Ib-valley coalfield has increased many fold due to its strategic location with Howrah-Mumbai railway main line passing through the coalfield. Coal of this coalfield is suitable for thermal power plants. Many pit head power plants and other coal based plants have come up due to easy availability of coal and water. The southern, western & central India power stations have to depend on Ib valley coalfield for their growth. As Howrah-Mumbai rail line passes through this coalfield, coal can be evacuated from this coalfield to western India power houses via rail route. Coal to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board is also supplied via rail-cum-sea route through Vishakhapatnam and Haldia ports. Coal can easily move from this coalfield to Eastern India and Northern India as well. Necessary infrastructures like rail and port facilities are being developed/ augmented in the region.

The proximity of Ib-valley coalfield to Hirakud reservoir has generated a lot of opportunities for setting-up super thermal power stations in the vicinity of the coalfield.

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Gopalpur sector of Ib-valley coalfield forms the north western part of Ib River coalfield has a huge mining potential. Detailed exploration was undertaken by CMPDI to assess the quarriable potentiality of coal seams with primary view of opening up of new mining projects to the extent possible. This sector has high potential for opencast mining operations. Rail link from Jharsuguda to sardega has been completed w.e.f 6th April 2018 facilitating quick evacuation of coal.

The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. Basundhara River separates Chaturdhara block from Basundhara block. Basundhara River is the boundary of Siarmal-Basundhara block and Basundhara-Chaturdhara blocks. But due to river Basundhara on western side, approach to Chaturdhara block has become a major hurdle for its development. Initial overburden from proposed mine is to be carried to void of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project. Barrier coal between Basundhara and Chaturdhara to be left due to non diversion of Basundhara river. Diversion of Basundhara river is not possible due to its perennial water supply to that area.

The proposed mine lies on the west of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project on the western side of Basundhara River. Basundhara (West) OC Expn. project is an ongoing project with remaining life of few months. Basundhara (West) Extension OCP will replace production of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project in future. To its west lies the private captive block Rampia, to its south Chaturdhara nala and Banapatra block, to its north incrop (floor line) of Rampur-I seam and to its east Basundhara river and Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project.

The Project Report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MCL Board on 28.02.2017.

The Mining Plan and Mine Closure Plan of Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MoC vide Letter No. 4012/(04)/2011-CPAM dated 22-03-2017.

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Form-I and Prefeasibility report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) was discussed in 11th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 30- 31st May, 2017 and 24th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 11th Jan, 2018. EAC had recommended Terms of Reference (TOR) for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb, 2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

This EIA-EMP has been prepared by incorporating the compliance of the said Terms of Reference (TOR).

1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.2.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROJECT

(a) Name & size of the project : Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty)

(i) Name of the project : Rajiv Kumar proponent Project Officer, Basundhara(W) and Basundhra(W) Extn. OCP.

Mailing Address : Mahanadi Coalfields Limited, P.O : Basundhara, Dist. : Sundergarh, Pin-– 770076 (Odisha)

E-mail : [email protected]

Telephone : 0663-2542084 , 06621-286137

Fax No. : 0663-2542257 , 06621-286144

(b) Objective of the project : To bridge the over all deficit of coal availability over demand of MCL.

(i) New mine : Yes

(ii) Expansion : No

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 Increase in ML : No area  Increase in annual : No production

(iii) Renewal of ML : No.

(iv) Modernisation : No.

(d) Location / Site of the : Project (i) Name of the Villages : Gopalpur (Telendih), Ratansara

(ii) Tehsil : Himgir

(iii) District : Sundergarh

(iv) State : Odisha

(e) Main consumer : Power Houses and Basket Linkage

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

TOR has been obtained for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb, 2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The scope of studies broadly covers the following:

(a) Study area and project profile

(b) Present / existing environmental scenario

(d) Analysis of alternative technology.

(e) Environmental Monitoring Programme.

(f) Additional studies

I. Risk Assessment and Management II. Social Impact and R&R Action Plan III. Greenbelt Development Plan IV. Public Consultation

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(g) Project benefits

(h) Environmental cost benefit analysis

(i) Summary and conclusion

1.4 SOURCES AND TYPE OF DATA This report has been formulated using the various data from the following sources:

Sl. Type of Data Source 1 Mining and economic Mining Plan for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 parameters Mty) December 2016. 2 Base line air , water & Baseline data had been generated by Ecomen effluent quality and Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif noise level data Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726. 3 Socio-economic details Primary and secondary survey (Census of India 2011, of core and buffer zones (Odisha) and Collection of site specific data) by M/s VRDS Consultants, 30 Anna Street, V R Nagar Korattur, Chennai-600080 (Tamil Nadu). 4 Taxonomic enumeration Information from the study carried out for Siarmal OCP by of flora and fauna of M/s VRDS Consultants, 30 Anna Street, V R Nagar core and buffer zones Korattur, Chennai-600080 (Tamil Nadu). 5 Surface hydrology and Report on Hydrology of Ib Valley Coalfield, by CMPDI, RI- hydrogeology VII, Bhubaneswar and information from Central Ground Water Board, Bhubaneswar. 6 Climatic and micro- Long-term data obtained from IMD, Bhubaneswar for meteorological data Jharsuguda IMD Observatory have been used and site specific micro-meteorological data by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726 7 Details of village-wise From Office of GM (Basundhara Garjanbahal) Area of project affected persons MCL. and families 8 Land use/cover details Satellite Data based on IRS-R-2/L-IV of the year 2018 of Talcher coalfield from CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi. 9 Baseline data on soil By M/S Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd quality Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow- 226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726

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Chapter – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 STUDY AREA PROFILE

2.1.1 LOCATION OF THE BLOCK (PLATE NO.IA & IB)

Coalfield Ib Valley coalfield Area Basundhara Tahsil Himgir District Sundergarh Latitudes 22o03'41.14" to 22o04'41.75" N Longitudes 83o40'22.90" to 83o42'18.75" E Toposheet No. 64 N/12 (RF 1:50,000)

2.1.2 COMMUNICATION (Plate III & IV)

Sl. Item Distance Nearest revenue town & Dist. Sundergarh (46 km) 1. HQ 2. Connection to the State Capital 450 km to Bhubaneswar via NH-55 Connection to the company 150 km via Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, 3. HQrs, Burla Sambalpur Himgir railway station on Mumbai – Howrah 4. Nearest railhead line of South Eastern railway is at a distance of about 35 km. Jharsuguda Airport is at a distance of about 5. Airport 60 km.

2.1.3 TOPHOGRAPHY (PLATE-III)

The block under reference is represented by forest land, river and paddy field. Major part of the block is however, covered by forest land. Basundhara river, flowing north-south to the east of the eastern boundary of the block seperates the blocks from Basundhara block. Chaturdhara nala flowing west to east in the southern boundary of the block separates the blocks from Siarmal /Banapatra blocks

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2.1.4 BLOCK BOUNDARY

The block boundary of Basundhara (West) is given below:

North : Incrop (floor line) of Rampur I seam.

West : Rampia block.

East : Basundhara River and Basundhara West block.

South : Chaturdara Nala and Banapatra block.

2.1.5 SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN AT MINE SITE (PLATE-V)

The ground slopes generally towards east and north-east and the drainage is through small streams, which in turn feed to river Basundhara. Basundhara river is flowing north-west to south-east and ultimately drained into Ib river.

2.1.6 EMBANKMENT AND / OR WEIR CONSTRUCTION

No embankment/weir construction is proposed is proposed for this project.

2.1.7 DISTANCE FROM WATER BODIES

Table 2.1

S.No. Water body Approx. distance 1. Basundhara River Adjacent (E) 2. Telendra Nala 94 m (S) 3. Barhajharia Nala 230 m (W) 4. Bhaina Jhor 3.4 km (NE) 5. Ichcha Nadi 8.65 Km (NE) 6. Albahal Jhor 6.64 Km (SW)

2.1.8 LOCATION OF ML AREA IN SEISMIC ZONE

(a) Severity (Richter scale) : Zone-II

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(b) Impact, i.e. damage to  Life : No  Property : No  Existing mine : No

2.2 PROJECT PROFILE

2.2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT

It is a new opencast project.

2.2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR OPENING OF THE PROJECT:

To meet the increasing demand of power in the country, more and more super thermal power stations are being planned in western, northern and eastern India, majority of which are coal based and may be linked from Ib-valley coalfield. Power Houses of Punjab State Electricity Board, Haryana State Electricity Board have also been linked to MCL and will be supplied coal from this coalfield. The New Power houses of TNEB, KPCL, WBPDCL, CESC and DVC are also linked to the coalfield.

The consumers of MCL are linked to the company and not to any specific coalfield. The actual supply from any coalfield of MCL will depend upon the production and transport logistics. Under the above circumstances coalfield wise demand has been assessed. The projected coal demand on MCL from Ib-valley coalfield is given below.

Table 2.2 : Projected coal demand on MCL from Ib-valley coalfield (Fig. in Mt)

Sl. No Particulars 2021-22 2026-27

1 Total Demand on MCL 244.83 274.134 Projected coal demand on Ib-valley 2 97.93 120.56 coalfield 3 Coal Availability 73.82 85.32 Gap (-)24.11 (-)35.24

From the above table, it can be seen that all the operative mines in the coalfield along with the new projects will not be able to meet the future demand.

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Hence, considering the demand of coal and quarriable potential of the blocks, formulation of the proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast Project for rated capacity of 8.75 Mty is justified.

2.2.3 DESCRIPTION OF CORE ZONE

The total land required for mining operations in proposed project i.e. core zone will be around 323.92 ha involving 227.62 ha of forest land. The core zone of the project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure area, safety zone for blasting, etc., covers partly and/or fully the land from two (2) villages namely, Gopalpur(Telendih) and Ratansara.

2.2.4 DESCRIPTION OF BUFFER ZONE  The buffer zone i.e. area within 10 km radius from the periphery of the project boundary.  Basundhara (West) OC, Kulda OC and Garjanbahal OCP are located in buffer zone.  Basundhara river flows adjacent to mine and Telendra nala is 94 m away.  The reserve forests falling in the buffer zone are Kalatpani RF, Jamkani RF, Garjanpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kurumkel RF, Aradlungri RF.  Ecologically sensitive areas such as national park, sanctuary, biosphere, etc. are not present within 10 km radius from the project.

2.2.5 GEOLOGY (PLATE NO. VI, VIA)

"Geological Report on Chaturdhara Block, Ib-River Coalfield," Odisha, was prepared by CMPDI in March, 1991.

A total of 55 boreholes have been drilled within the area involving a total meterage of 4196.45m. (Excluding 1 borehole no. HGR - 18 drilled by GSI involving 164.10m.) in an area of 3.57 sq.km. Coal bearing area is 3.57 sq.km out of which major part is covered by forest. The borehole density/sq.km is about 15.4.

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The geological succession of Ib Valley and Stratigraphic succession of Chaturdhara Block is given below:

Geological Succession of Ib Valley

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Age Formation Lithology Thickness in metre Recent Alluvium, Laterite, gravels and / sub-recent conglomerate.

Upper Kamthi (Upper) Pebbly sandstone, ferrugenous Permian sandstone and red shales. Upto 100

------Unconformity ------

Upper Talchir Diamictite, greenish Carboni- sandstone, olive and chocolate ferous shales, rhythmites. 60 - 150

------Unconformity ------

Pre- cambrian Metamorphics Granite, Gneisses, Schists, etc. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Stratigraphic Succession of Chaturdhara Block

Age Formation Lithology Recent/ - Soil, alluvium. Sub-recent

Barakar Fine to coarse grained sandstone, micaceous at places,

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carb shale, greyshale, fire clay, sandy shale, alternate Lower shale and sand stone with thick Permian coal seams.

Karharbari Carbonaceous medium grained sandstone with undecomposed feldspar pieces, coarse grained to pebbly and gritty sandstone with impersistent coal seam.

Upper Talchir Fine to medium grained greenish Carbo- sandstone & green shale. niferous ------Unconformity ------Pre- Granite, mica schists and cambrian Metam gneisses.

orphics

Precambrians are exposed in north of the area and have been encountered in 5 boreholes. Talchirs are exposed as a very thin strip in north eastern part of the block. It has been intersected in 17 boreholes. Conclusive exposures of Karharbari formation have not been traced in the area. However, the formation has been encountered in 7 boreholes. Barakars are well exposed over considerable part of the

block comprising both Rampur and Lajkura group of seams.

 Structure

The behaviour of strata is smooth with minor undulations. The strike is roughly E-W which gradually turns to ESE-WNW in the western part of the block. The dip is southerly and varies from 6° to 8°. Extreme values of 4° and 11° have, however, been recorded on the surface along southern bank of Chaturdhara nala in the eastern and western part of the area respectively.

No positive evidence of any fault anywhere within the block has been observed either during mapping or in the boreholes. However possibility of occurrence of minor faults/slips of less than 5 metres throw, cannot be ruled out.

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2.3 MINE TARGET, LIFE AND RESERVE Table 2.3

Particulars Mine target (Mt) 8.75 Mty Year of achieving peak targeted production Year - 3 Project life (Years) 12 Minable Reserve (Mt) 92.73 Overburden (M.cum.) 97.22 External OB dump There is no external OB dump

2.4 MINE DETAILS

 Mine Boundary

Considering the river on its east and nala on the south, mine boundaries have been fixed and are given below.

North : Incrop of Rampur-I seam.

East : Surface boundary is arrived after leaving 60m surface barrier against Basundhara River and straightening/ smoothening in the south east corner.

South : Surface boundary is fixed after leaving surface barrier of 60m against Chaturdhara nala.

West : Surface boundary is arrived after leaving 7.5m gap from the western block boundary of Chaturdhara block.

 Details of Sequence of Coal Seam and Parting

Ib seam is the bottom most seam and occurs in workable thickness range over a small part only of the block area. It has attained workable thickness only in two boreholes located in eastern part of the block. Lajkura seam occurs at the top and is incroping on the dipside edge of the block and has not been studied in detail because of its restricted occurrence within 60m barrier zone of the Chaturdhara nala. It incrops over a small zone of the quarry’s southern boundary and thereby not considered. Rampur seam underlying Lajkura seam and overlying Ib seam occurs in six splits and is considered the only workable seams for the proposed project. The seams in ascending order are RAMPUR-I, RAMPUR-II, RAMPUR-III, RAMPUR-IVB, RAMPUR-IV and RAMPUR-V.

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All these seams are of considerable thickness. Gradewise, seamwise reserves of all these have been estimated.

The seam thickness and parting are given below.

Thickness and Parting

Seams Thickness range (m) RAMPUR-I 4 - 6 Parting 0.10 - 2.99 RAMPUR-II 2 - 4 Parting 0.1 - 3.0 RAMPUR-III 4 - 6 Parting 1.82 - 7.14 RAMPUR-IVB 1 - 2 Parting 3.44 - 15.95 RAMPUR-IV 11 - 15 Parting 0.43 - 7.60 RAMPUR-V 2 - 3 Top OB 5.80 - 70

An average coal grade G12 to G13 has been considered for the coal seams in the proposed project.

Geo-mining characteristics of proposed mine is given below:

Table 2.4 : Geo Mining Characteristics Sl. No. Particulars Unit As per PR (8.75 Mty) 1 Area i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05 ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35 2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73 3 Overburden M cum 97.22 4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05 5 Annual production Mt 8.75 6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12 7 Strike length i) Minimum m 951 ii) Maximum m 2757 8 Depth of quarry i) Minimum m 3 ii) Maximum m 116 9 Avg. seam thickness m 24.05 10 Gradient - 30 - 80 11 Quarry perimeter Total m 8653.82 * This includes split sections.

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Table 2.4(a) : Coal Sample Analysis (value in PPM)

Hg As Se Pb Cr Co Cu Ne Zn Mg

Coal Sample ND 1.64 0.37 52.67 65.52 16.06 33.23 55.79 162.39 109.02 N.D : Not detected. Agency : Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad.

This is a new mine, coal sample analysis was done for Lajkura seam for Lajkura OCP. The coal sample analysis for this mine will be done after opening of the mine. Both seams (Lajkura and Rampur) are contemporary in occurrence.

2.5 TYPE AND METHOD OF MINING OPERATIONS

Type Method Mechanized Coal Winning & transportation - Major coal production

(90 %) will be done by using 3800mm drum dia surface miners, 5-7 cum front end loaders and 60t rear dumpers.

Opencast OB Removal & Transportation - 10 cum rope shovel with 100 T dumpers have been envisaged for removal of top overburden and thick parting between Rampur & Lajkura coal horizon . Other thin partings within Lajkura and Rampur seams will be removed by 5.5-6.5 cum hydraulic shovels/backhoe with 60T dumpers/ ripper-dozer.

2.6 GRADE OF COAL

The average grade of coal is G12.

2.7 OTHER PARAMETERS OF THE PROJECT

 Main Consumer : Power Houses and Basket Linkage

 Manpower : The total manpower required for the project is 854.

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 Pumping and Drainage :

The pumping system has been designed to dewater the inflow of water due to precipitation falling within the active pit limit during the monsoon season to enable the mining activity to continue round the year. Coal and OB working faces and the haul roads shall be maintained free of water as far as possible. Water garland drains shall be developed in advance for each stage of mine working so that water is collected by the garland drains.

 Power supply: This project will receive power at 33kV by double circuit overhead transmission line with wolf conductor from 4-pole structure of existing 2X3.15 MVA, 33/6.6 kV substation of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project. It is proposed to install project substation near the mine. The substation will consist of 33kV outdoor switchyard, control room & 6.6kV outgoing arrangement. The two 6.6 kV switch boards will cater exclusively to HEMM, Pumping, lighting, colony & water supply and workshop etc.

 CHP & Dispatch arrangement:

The proposed Basundhara (West) extension OCP is planned to have a capacity of 8.75 Mty. Total life of the project is 12 years. The entire production of coal will be blast free coal size of (-) 100mm and the same will be dispatched from coal face to new constructed Sardega siding (adjacent to mine lease) by departmental dumpers.

 Workshop and Store

The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast mine is planned to have a capacity to handle the production of 8.75 Mty from the mine. The space of existing workshop and stores of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project will be utilized for the proposed project. It is proposed to deploy additional equipment for both HEMM and E&M workshop to cater the increased production and shall be accommodated within the existing workshop premises. It is proposed that repairing and maintenance of the HEMM and E&M equipment will be done in the additional workshop provided for the proposed project.

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 Civil Construction

Civil works for proposed project consists of mainly residential buildings for additional provision of 223 quarters as required for extra manpower, HEMM workshop for extra HEMM, colony roads (length - 1486 m), haul roads (length - 3500 m),and coal transportation road (length- 1500 m) etc. A new bridge will be constructed on Basundhara river for transportation of coal and to connect with Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project for OB back filling in the void of the Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project, utilization of HEMM work shop and other facilities.

 Water Demand and Supply Arrangement

Water Demand Potable (in Kld) 500 Industrial (in Kld) 1510 Total (in Kld) 2010

The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP old Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West) OCP sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used from its own mine sump.

2.8 PROPOSED PRODUCTION SCHEDULE, OB REMOVAL AND DUMPING PROGRAMME (PLATE NO- VIII, VIIIA & VIIIB)

Table 2.5: Coal Production and OB Removal Programme

Coal Total OB SR YEAR (In Mt) (In M.cum) (In cum/t) Yr 1 1.50 2.18 1.45 Yr 2 5.50 3.89 0.71 Yr 3 8.75 6.83 0.78 Yr 4 8.75 7.65 0.87 Yr 5 8.75 10.05 1.15 Yr 6 8.75 10.83 1.24 Yr 7 8.75 10.81 1.24 Yr 8 8.75 10.84 1.24 Yr 9 8.75 10.98 1.26 Yr 10 8.75 11.04 1.26 Yr 11 8.75 10.75 1.23 Yr 12 6.98 1.37 0.20 TOTAL 92.73 97.22 1.05

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Table 2.6: Internal & external Dumping Schedule

(All figs. in Mcum) OB to OB to Year of Programmed Programmed internal internal Operation total coal total OB dump-I* dump Yr 1 1.50 2.18 2.18 -- Yr 2 5.50 3.89 3.89 -- Yr 3 8.75 6.83 1.59 5.24 Yr 4 8.75 7.65 -- 7.65 Yr 5 8.75 10.05 -- 10.05 Yr 6 8.75 10.83 -- 10.83 Yr 7 8.75 10.81 -- 10.81 Yr 8 8.75 10.84 -- 10.84 Yr 9 8.75 10.98 -- 10.98 Yr 10 8.75 11.04 -- 11.04 Yr 11 8.75 10.75 -- 10.75 Yr 12 6.98 1.37 -- 1.37 TOTAL 92.73 97.22 7.66 89.56 *Internal dump of Basundhara(W) Expn. OCP

2.9 LAND MANAGEMENT (PLATE NO. - IX)

(I) PRE- MINING LAND USE DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Table 2.7: Pre-mining land use (Area in Ha)

Sl. Within ML Outside ML Total Type of Land No. area (Ha) area (Ha) Area (Ha)

1 Agricultural/Tenancy 51.29 -- 51.29

2 Waste land / Govt.land 45.01 45.85 90.86

3 Forest Land 227.62 -- 227.62

4 Grazing ------

5 Surface water bodies ------

Total : 323.92 45.85 369.77

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(II) DETAILS OF LAND REQUIREMENT

Table 2.8: Details of Land Requirement

Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total (Area in Ha)

Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87

Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48

Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57

External OB dumps ------

Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92

Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85

Outside Lease Area -- 45.85 45.85

TOTAL (Area in Ha) 227.62 142.15 369.77

(III) POST- CLOSURE SCENARIO

Table 2.9: Post-Closure Land use

Land Use (Ha) Sl. Land Use during Water- Public Undisturbed/ Total No. Mining Plantation Body Use Dip side slope (Ha) 1 External OB Dump Nil --

2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --

3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87

4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57

5 Green Belt 6.48 ------6.48

Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92

Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.

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2.10 REQUIREMENT OF HEMM

Table 2.10: List of HEMM

TOTAL REQUIREMENT SL. NO. EQUIPMENT NAME SIZE NO. A. OVERBURDEN 1 ELC. HYD. SHOVEL 10.0-12.0 cum. 1 2 ELC. ROPE SHOVEL 5.0 cum 1 3 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 5.0 cum 1 4 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 2.5-3.0 cum. 2 5 REAR DUMPER 100 T 7 6 REAR DUMPER 60 T 27 7 REAR DUMPER 35 T 1 8 ELC.R.B.H.DRILL 250 mm 2 9 DIESEL DRILL 160 mm. 6 DOZER with RIPPER 10 860 HP 1 ATTACHEMENT 11 DOZER 410 HP 4

B. COAL

1 SURFACE MINER 3000-3800 mm. 2 2 F. E. LOADER 5-6 cum. 4 3 REAR DUMPER 60 T 6 4 REAR DUMPER 50T 9 5 DOZER 410 H.P. 3 6 WHEEL DOZER 300 H.P. 1 C. COMMON

1 GRADER 280 H.P. 2 2 CRANE 40T 1 3 HYDRAULIC MOBILE CRANE 20 T 2 4 TYRE MOUNTED CRANE 8 T 3 5 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 1.5-1.7cum. 2 6 F.E. LOADER 1.5-2 cum 2 7 FUEL BOWSER 2

8 FIRE TRUCK 1

9 MAINTENANCE VAN 1

10 WATER SPRINKLER 28 KL 4 11 TYRE HANDLER 1

12 FORK LIFT 1

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2.11 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC DENSITY (OUTSIDE THE ML AREA)

Type of vehicles No. of vehicles per day Two wheelers 400 Light Motar Vehicle 84 Heavy Vehicles (Tippers) 80

2.12 MINERAL(S) TRANSPORTATION (OUTSIDE THE ML AREA)

Table 2.11: Mode of transport Total for 8.75 Mty Sl. No. Mode of transport Qty. (in TPD) Percentage (%) a) Road & Rail 26515 100% b) Conveyors c) Ropeway -- -- d) Waterways -- -- e) Pipeline -- -- f) Others (specify) -- -- Total 26515 100

2.13 CONSTRUCTION OF RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE

33.0 Km long Jharsuguda – Barpalli - Sardega rail link & doubling of Jharsuguda - Barpalli Rail link at an estimated cost of Rs. 2431.00 Cr. is under progress, Single line construction has been completed.

2.14 LITIGATION / PENDING CASES

The Rehabilitation and resettlement in the two villages is being carried out under the direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.

2.15 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUES

MCL has full-fledged medical set up to check up and monitor all the Occupational diseases endangering the health of the workmen. The periodical medical examination of all the workmen will be carried out as per statute with the purpose of detecting and keeping records of diseases with specific importance to Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis.

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2.16 DIVERSION/RECHANNELING OF NALLAH/CANAL/RIVER/ROAD

No road, stream, nala etc. are proposed to be diverted for the proposed Project.

2.17 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT

The following villages are likely to be affected due to mining & its related activities:

Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people Gopalpur (P) 105 283 Ratansara* 117 468 Total 222 751

*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on

16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.

These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006 under the direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court.

2.18 USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

 This is an opencast mine. No timber is used for the operation of the mine.  The minimum water requirement has been assessed as the water demand for this project and necessary approval for drawing the water from the competent authority will be obtained.  The minimum Land has been considered for the mining activities for this project.  Optimum Electrical Energy requirement has been assessed in the project report.  Fuel consumption has been assessed for the Coal & OB as per norms.

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2.19 SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

Adequate provisions have been made for safe working of the mine in form of design of operational systems, provision of safety measures for safe use of explosives, electricity and HEMM etc. Sufficient financial provisions have been made under different heads for procurement of necessary safety equipment.

Adequate skilled & trained manpower has also been provided, for compliance of safety provisions. Regular training/refresher courses, "on job" training shall be conducted & mock rehearsals shall be made to make the manpower conversant with various rules, regulations, methods of prevention & combat with hazards.

Sufficient provision has been made in the approved Project Report for the prevention & control of fire in the project store, both E&M & HEMM workshops & substations by way of installing fire extinguishers of right type & size. Timely inspection & refilling of fire extinguishers will be done.

The exposed ends of the coal seams and OB shall be left with a safe slope to avoid slope failure and collapse of benches. Similarly, at the end of mining operation, safe terminal pit slope is provided to avoid pit failure. Detailed site specific tests for slope stability shall be carried out and site specific parameters determined.

Site mixed slurry (SMS) has been proposed to be used for good fragmentation and obviate storage of bulk quantum of explosives.

2.20 ECONOMIC PARAMETERS

 Total Capital investment - Rs. 755.13 Crs.

 Estimated capital investment on EIA/EMP - Rs. 93.37 Crs.

 Estimated cost of Mine Closure - Rs. 36.46 Crs. @ 5% Annual compound interest

 Estimated CSR cost - Rs.18.54 Crs. @ Rs.2/te of coal produced. (Revenue Expenditure)

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However, fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs. 2.00 per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.

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Chapter–3

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

The present environmental scenario has been described in this chapter with respect of ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level measurement, land use/cover pattern, socio-economic scenario, bio-diversity, hydrogeology and places of religious, historical archaeological importance.

3.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Baseline data w.r.t ambient air quality had been generated by Ecomen Labroteries Pvt Ltd, Lucknow during 4th November 2017 to 3rd February 2018. The data has been given in this chapter with the following objectives:

 To assess the present air quality in the buffer zone to provide the basis for study of short-term as well as long-term trends of pollutant concentration when the mine will reach its full production capacity.  To provide the baseline data for subsequent development of air pollution prevention and control programme. The present ambient air quality assessment deals with the following items: . Inventory of existing pollution sources. . Present ambient air quality study.

Climate

The area experiences a sub-tropical warm temperature. About 70% of rainfall occurs during rainy season i.e. June to Sept. As per IMD data of Jharuguda 2016 the highest 24 hourly rainfall occurs in the month of August 63.20 mm. The temperature varies from 7.7oC to 38.9oC. The predominant wind direction is SW to NW.

Micro Meteorological Condition

A micro meteorological station has been installed for the Project over the roof of Basundhara Guest House during the study period (4th November 2017 to 3rd February 2018). The predominant wind direction has been observed from S to N during the study period. The average wind speed was 0.57 m/s and 67.93 % calm conditions were prevailing in study area.

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Figure 3.1: Windrose diagram showing predominant wind direction

3.2.1 INVENTORY OF EXISTING POLLUTION SOURCES

The existing pollution sources along with the pollutants are given belows:

Table-3.1: Inventory of existing pollution sources

Major Source Pollutants (A) From existing OCPs/OCMs Drilling, blasting, transportation, loading and unloading of OB and coal, OB dump formation, OB dump and coal stack surfaces, PM10, PM2.5, movement of vehicles, operation of HEMMs besides fire in coal faces SO2 and NOX and coal stacks (B) Non-mining activities

PM10, PM2.5, Road traffic and burning of fuel for domestic purposes SO2 and NOX

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The mining and other industrial activities along with non-mining activities like road traffic, burning of coal for domestic and commercial purposes, etc. are the potential sources of the ambient air pollution in the area.

3.2.2 PRESENT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STUDY

Present air quality data have been generated as per the guidelines of CPCB and in line with Point No.21(b) of the Questionnaire (Proforma for Environmental Appraisal of Mining Projects) and as per the ToR issued by MoEF&CC. Twenty four

(24) hourly data have been generated for each parameter i.e. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, at each monitoring station for two days in a week for four consecutive weeks in a month for three months i.e. 4th Nov 2017 to 3rd Feb 2018. Heavy metals (As, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg) were monitored for once in a month at each station.

 Location of air sampling stations To assess the ambient air quality, sampling stations were fixed on the basis of meteorological parameters like predominant wind direction based on IMD data and wind speeds besides physiography of the area. The locations of air sampling stations are shown in Plate No.-XI and the details are given in the Table-3.2.

Table-3.2: Description of Air Sampling Spots

Coordinates of the SI. Location Location Classified Distance/Direction No. Name Area In Km Easting Northing

1.0 Telendih 777306.37 2442315.95 Core Zone ---

2.0 Tiklipara 783238.97 2442232.65 Buffer Zone 3.7 km, SE

3.0 Rampia 776886.22 2447783.14 Buffer Zone 2.7 km, NW

4.0 Sumura 778927.98 2447480.71 Buffer Zone 4.5 km, N

5.0 Chakarpur 779234.67 2438282.69 Buffer Zone 4.14 km, S

6.0 Kanikalan 784085.00 2445241.00 Buffer Zone 6.9 km, NE

7.0 Mundelkhet 771190.00 2442143.00 Buffer Zone 4.41 km, W

8.0 Ghogharpali 773066.86 2444761.38 Buffer Zone 3.30 km, N

9.0 Patrapalli 776649.38 2440053.12 Buffer Zone 2.40 km, S

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 Methodology and instruments used for air quality analysis

It is given in the following table:

Table 3.3: Methodology & Instruments used for Air Quality Analysis Sl. Parameters Method Instruments No. 1. PM10, PM2.5 IS:5182 (Part-IV) Respirable dust (Gravimetric method) samplers, electronic balance, oven, etc. 2. SO2 IS:5182 (Part-II) (Sodium Spectrophotometer. tetrachloromercurate method, also known as improved West and Gaeke Method) (Photometric method) 3. NOX IS:5182 (Part-VI) -do- (Jacob & Hoccheiser Modified Method) (Photometric method)

 Parameters for monitoring

The following parameters were monitored for assessment of air quality :

. Particulate matter (PM10)

. Particulate matter (PM2.5)

. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

. Nitrogen oxides (NOX) . Heavy metal (Pb, As,Ni, Hg,Cr, Cd) (Once in a month)

 Frequency of air sampling

Air samples were collected as per guidelines of CPCB at 24 hourly intervals for two days in a week for four (4) consecutive weeks in a month for all the three months i.e., NOV 2017 to FEB 2018. Heavy metal sample collected once in a month during study period.

 Results

The analytical results of air samples are given in Table-3.4 to 3.14. The analytical results are also summarised below in the following table.

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(A) Table – 3.4 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Data for Nov 2017 to Feb 2018

Units in (µg/m3)

Village Brief Statistics PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 Maximum 98.54 57.80 18.25 34.43 Telendih Minimum 70.90 28.90 14.60 25.10 Village Mean 85.57 39.39 16.67 29.51 98 percentile 98.42 56.70 18.24 33.64 Maximum 89.70 48.90 18.89 32.87 Tiklipara Minimum 62.50 24.77 14.98 24.33 Village Mean 75.10 34.29 17.02 29.64 98 percentile 89.15 48.38 18.78 32.82 Maximum 85.40 50.65 21.70 30.90 Rampia Minimum 65.76 26.66 8.40 12.80 Village Mean 75.30 36.50 15.34 23.82 98 percentile 85.00 50.28 21.05 30.25 Maximum 82.60 44.78 17.09 27.86

Minimum 60.65 27.60 13.87 25.32 Sumura Mean 73.20 33.28 15.88 26.44 Village 98 percentile 81.80 44.19 17.04 27.83 Maximum 90.80 57.50 17.95 27.99 Minimum 69.66 26.77 14.20 23.31 Chakarpur Village Mean 79.35 37.76 15.90 25.15 98 percentile 90.75 56.55 17.88 27.96 Maximum 91.22 56.74 21.10 29.33 Kanikalan Minimum 64.47 33.89 8.56 11.80 Village Mean 76.91 45.67 14.04 20.54 98 percentile 89.72 55.70 20.49 29.02 Maximum 90.30 55.90 21.71 30.22 Minimum 65.87 28.55 9.99 16.39 Muderkhet Village Mean 78.58 37.19 16.15 23.12 98 percentile 90.25 52.94 21.29 30.01 Maximum 90.70 52.65 17.99 34.89 Minimum 67.00 28.77 15.20 26.95 Ghogharpalli Village Mean 79.42 38.15 16.71 29.91 98 percentile 90.05 50.76 17.90 33.56 Maximum 85.70 47.45 17.99 28.98 Patrapalli Minimum 60.70 25.76 13.98 23.70 Village Mean 75.35 34.99 15.40 26.15 98 percentile 85.52 46.56 17.38 28.64

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(B) Heavy Metals

Results of Heavy Metal analysis are as follows:

Table – 3.4 a : Analysis of Heavy Metals in PM10 Samples

Monitoring Station: Telendih Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 -- Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 -- Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 --

Monitoring Station: Tiklipara Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Rampia Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

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Monitoring Station: Kanikalan Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) 1.5 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Barpali Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0 (Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20 (Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Chakarpur Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0 (Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20 (Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Ghogharpali Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

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Monitoring Station: Mundelkhet Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Sumura village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 14-11-17 27-12-17 07-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Patrapalli Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards Date of Sampling 18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual) Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

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Table-3.5: Base Line Air Quality Data

Telendih Village

Units in µg/m3 Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 06.11.2017 92.50 43.20 14.80 27.90 07.11.2017 94.60 55.60 14.60 28.00 13.11.2017 78.88 35.70 15.20 29.60 14.11.2017 90.80 44.20 16.44 27.40 20.11.2017 85.90 57.80 15.20 26.70 21.11.2017 98.30 51.20 14.92 28.97 27.11.2017 84.30 44.60 16.87 30.88 28.11.2017 76.90 41.70 17.20 32.85 04.12.2017 70.90 40.94 17.45 31.66 05.12.2017 88.90 38.90 18.22 34.43 11.12.2017 89.85 37.50 17.33 32.01 12.12.2017 77.30 33.80 18.21 30.45 18.12.2017 79.89 31.89 18.11 32.05 19.12.2017 80.85 39.80 17.32 28.89 25.12.2017 87.55 35.70 16.20 27.99 26.12.2017 80.99 32.45 17.48 29.80 01.01.2018 98.54 35.10 18.04 30.88 02.01.2018 91.90 33.80 18.25 30.09 08.01.2018 76.30 28.90 17.89 29.12 09.01.2018 90.70 40.60 16.50 27.87 15.01.2018 84.44 30.40 15.42 25.10 16.01.2018 86.80 40.10 16.40 28.30 22.01.2018 90.98 32.60 15.85 27.80 23.01.2018 79.44 30.80 16.02 29.05 29.01.2018 76.89 37.20 17.54 30.88 30.01.2018 90.50 49.70 16.00 28.70 Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 9

CMPDI

Table-3.6: Base Line Air Quality Data

Tiklipara Village

Units in µg/m3 DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 08.11.2017 70.40 36.66 17.66 32.11 09.11.2017 70.80 34.14 16.32 30.33 15.11.2017 66.50 24.77 17.20 31.20 16.11.2017 69.80 26.75 17.43 31.03 22.11.2017 82.70 41.76 18.30 32.76 23.11.2017 85.90 47.85 18.44 32.10 29.11.2017 69.40 28.33 16.21 30.98 30.11.2017 73.60 36.64 16.65 30.43 06.12.2017 66.67 29.15 16.32 29.89 07.12.2017 88.60 30.88 17.09 31.70 13.12.2017 70.70 32.75 18.89 32.40 14.12.2017 77.40 34.66 18.28 32.05 20.12.2017 66.40 26.88 18.67 32.87 21.12.2017 70.90 29.98 17.98 30.11 27.12.2017 64.65 27.56 18.03 31.55 28.12.2017 88.38 48.90 18.32 32.50 03.01.2018 79.40 28.96 17.98 29.77 04.01.2018 70.30 29.80 16.88 28.88 10.01.2018 62.50 26.87 15.56 27.98 11.01.2018 75.80 40.67 15.43 26.45 17.01.2018 78.90 37.60 14.98 24.33 18.01.2018 81.80 44.90 15.47 25.44 24.01.2018 74.70 29.76 16.65 26.65 25.01.2018 89.70 42.77 16.76 26.75 31.01.2018 80.90 39.88 15.75 25.44 01.02.2018 75.70 32.77 15.30 24.98 Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 10

CMPDI

Table-3.7: Base Line Air Quality Data

Rampia Village

Units in µg/m3

DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

06.11.2017 66.77 27.60 13.20 19.20

07.11.2017 78.66 36.40 18.50 26.50

13.11.2017 69.70 28.90 17.00 24.70

14.11.2017 81.50 43.50 14.50 23.10 20.11.2017 78.40 36.45 10.20 18.90

21.11.2017 74.50 34.50 9.50 14.70

27.11.2017 80.50 41.60 8.40 12.80

28.11.2017 76.30 37.54 12.30 19.80

04.12.2017 70.80 29.85 18.20 25.60

05.12.2017 80.50 40.60 17.43 27.60

11.12.2017 84.60 44.65 20.40 26.30 12.12.2017 69.78 27.45 19.60 24.80

18.12.2017 85.40 49.70 16.30 23.90

19.12.2017 69.65 26.75 10.20 28.40

25.12.2017 80.44 44.66 16.30 24.00

26.12.2017 78.40 37.86 10.50 27.60

01.01.2018 82.40 50.65 14.90 22.60

02.01.2018 72.30 34.23 13.50 20.90 08.01.2018 75.50 37.66 19.30 25.80

09.01.2018 75.40 41.10 18.50 23.90

15.01.2018 79.34 49.90 14.60 29.60

16.01.2018 69.70 28.75 13.60 22.80

22.01.2018 70.40 30.65 21.70 30.90

23.01.2018 65.76 26.66 17.60 27.40 29.01.2018 67.70 28.95 15.80 22.30

30.01.2018 73.40 32.40 16.90 25.20

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 11

CMPDI

Table-3.8: Base Line Air Quality Data

Kanikalan Village

Units in µg/m3

DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

04.11.2017 69.40 47.88 14.70 22.50

10.11.2017 74.54 51.22 15.40 25.70

11.11.2017 87.67 56.74 18.60 23.80

17.11.2017 81.22 51.34 12.50 20.80

18.11.2017 87.90 54.66 18.20 28.70 24.11.2017 85.42 52.98 17.50 23.40

25.11.2017 74.49 49.00 8.70 14.80

01.12.2017 69.88 37.77 10.20 19.60

02.12.2017 83.22 50.98 12.30 17.80

08.12.2017 76.89 44.75 17.50 22.70

09.12.2017 65.43 34.91 16.50 23.70

15.12.2017 78.88 41.22 9.60 14.50

16.12.2017 64.47 48.31 18.20 27.80

22.12.2017 79.89 51.23 12.10 16.20

23.12.2017 72.34 47.66 10.96 13.20

29.12.2017 64.55 38.41 9.63 11.80

30.12.2017 69.35 41.22 13.50 17.40

05.01.2018 72.33 46.67 17.41 21.30

06.01.2018 67.90 33.89 10.20 18.60

12.01.2018 74.31 39.42 9.87 15.32

13.01.2018 69.00 41.36 8.56 13.20

19.01.2018 86.82 47.31 12.30 19.60

20.01.2018 91.22 52.33 14.10 21.30 26.01.2018 85.44 45.33 15.63 23.20

27.01.2018 78.93 39.42 19.87 29.33

02.02.2018 88.21 41.33 21.10 27.80

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 12

CMPDI

Table-3.9: Base Line Air Quality Data

Chakarpur Village

Units in µg/m3 DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 04.11.2017 89.56 45.60 14.20 23.44 10.11.2017 90.65 55.60 15.40 24.21 11.11.2017 80.33 39.86 15.20 24.15 17.11.2017 90.80 46.70 15.35 24.66 18.11.2017 83.20 40.44 16.66 25.76 24.11.2017 78.98 34.65 16.55 25.20 25.11.2017 80.30 40.70 15.87 24.65 01.12.2017 70.30 35.65 15.66 24.76 02.12.2017 70.90 34.50 15.70 24.80 08.12.2017 88.90 41.43 14.65 23.54 09.12.2017 80.23 39.76 15.88 24.55 15.11.2017 70.90 31.54 16.02 25.80 16.12.2017 79.89 34.55 15.98 24.65 22.12.2017 80.85 40.65 16.45 25.99 23.12.2017 77.60 29.76 16.44 25.76 29.12.2017 72.30 30.40 17.34 27.99 30.12.2017 84.66 44.20 17.80 27.87 05.01.2018 81.40 40.60 17.95 27.93 06.01.2018 79.67 32.64 17.43 27.40 12.01.2018 90.70 57.50 16.85 26.65 13.01.2018 75.66 36.54 15.56 25.76 19.01.2018 69.70 28.65 15.92 24.98 20.01.2018 83.60 32.60 14.86 23.32 26.01.2018 70.80 29.87 14.66 23.44 27.01.2018 69.66 26.77 14.76 23.36 02.02.2018 71.66 30.70 14.32 23.31 Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 13

CMPDI

Table-3.10: Base Line Air Quality Data

Patrapalli Village

Units in µg/m3 DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 08.11.2017 72.54 31.22 16.55 28.30 09.11.2017 80.65 40.55 14.88 26.87 15.11.2017 85.70 43.23 14.76 25.98 16.11.2017 81.50 41.44 13.98 26.88 22.11.2017 76.88 34.50 14.25 26.90 23.11.2017 80.80 41.05 14.78 25.87 29.11.2017 84.40 41.58 15.03 26.10 30.11.2017 75.30 33.66 15.55 26.76 06.12.2017 69.30 27.87 15.45 27.88 07.12.2017 80.33 42.52 16.41 27.32 13.12.2017 73.54 37.55 17.99 28.98 14.12.2017 65.77 29.87 16.77 27.76 20.12.2017 60.70 25.77 15.98 26.24 21.12.2017 76.40 38.87 15.65 26.10 27.12.2017 67.86 26.66 14.85 24.98 28.12.2017 80.50 45.66 14.56 25.05 03.01.2018 69.70 27.88 15.12 25.80 04.01.2018 73.50 29.98 15.32 25.20 10.01.2018 66.44 25.85 15.68 25.70 11.01.2018 76.52 33.66 15.87 26.05 17.01.2018 70.85 30.85 16.06 26.80 18.01.2018 81.17 45.55 15.00 25.60 24.01.2018 69.98 25.76 14.70 23.70 25.01.2018 85.33 47.45 15.30 24.77 31.01.2018 79.87 30.76 14.80 24.11 01.02.2018 73.66 29.88 15.00 24.08 Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 14

CMPDI

Table-3.11: Base Line Air Quality Data

Sumura Village

Units in µg/m3

DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

08.11.2017 78.87 37.98 14.43 27.80

09.11.2017 70.80 32.55 13.87 26.98

15.11.2017 68.80 28.30 14.34 25.88 16.11.2017 69.80 29.76 15.98 25.43

22.11.2017 80.30 44.78 15.45 25.77

23.11.2017 82.60 42.70 16.77 26.10

29.11.2017 68.80 27.80 16.98 26.43

30.11.2017 75.76 33.54 17.09 27.86

06.12.2017 60.65 31.40 16.90 26.88 07.12.2017 80.34 31.90 15.76 25.32

13.12.2017 78.44 35.80 15.40 25.79

14.12.2017 65.50 28.96 15.75 25.98

20.12.2017 67.30 29.77 16.09 26.05

21.12.2017 74.00 31.80 16.22 26.35 27.12.2017 69.87 29.80 16.44 26.85

28.12.2017 80.99 32.80 16.43 26.81

03.01.2018 77.70 35.70 15.87 25.77

04.01.2018 71.60 34.50 15.56 25.95

10.01.2018 64.90 30.88 15.78 26.00

11.01.2018 80.70 43.60 15.87 26.32 17.01.2018 70.43 30.40 15.94 26.28

18.01.2018 75.80 34.30 15.32 26.10

24.01.2018 72.34 31.50 15.90 26.62

25.01.2018 70.90 31.60 16.06 27.41

31.01.2018 78.50 35.67 16.01 27.66 01.02.2018 67.44 27.60 16.75 27.01

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 15

CMPDI

Table- 3.12: Base Line Air Quality Data

Mundelkhet Village

Units in µg/m3

DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

06.11.2017 87.30 40.30 12.67 18.71 07.11.2017 77.40 38.30 15.87 22.34

13.11.2017 65.87 35.70 17.98 19.89

14.11.2017 69.80 32.10 11.98 17.82

20.11.2017 88.60 47.55 16.71 24.78

21.11.2017 90.30 55.90 13.22 23.10

27.11.2017 84.30 41.50 14.51 20.90

28.11.2017 79.80 36.60 16.87 22.67

04.12.2017 66.80 31.40 12.60 18.78

05.12.2017 88.90 38.90 19.88 24.92

11.12.2017 87.90 37.50 21.71 29.80

12.12.2017 67.80 28.96 17.94 26.78

18.12.2017 69.00 29.77 16.11 22.89

19.12.2017 78.30 34.43 16.00 21.00

25.12.2017 80.20 35.70 9.99 16.39 26.12.2017 80.99 33.80 13.76 19.88

01.01.2018 90.20 49.98 18.92 26.10

02.01.2018 77.40 35.77 15.33 20.98

08.01.2018 68.34 33.35 17.54 26.76

09.01.2018 88.20 47.75 12.00 19.80

15.01.2018 74.50 30.40 19.90 30.22

16.01.2018 80.60 39.86 20.87 26.10

22.01.2018 77.20 30.87 16.54 21.87

23.01.2018 79.44 34.76 18.93 27.99

29.01.2018 74.30 37.20 14.12 22.73

30.01.2018 69.60 28.55 17.89 27.92

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 16

CMPDI

Table-3.13: Base Line Air Quality Data

Ghogharpali Village

Units in µg/m3

DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 06.11.2017 88.40 41.60 17.40 34.89 07.11.2017 78.50 38.43 16.22 30.10 13.11.2017 78.88 37.77 15.32 31.22 14.11.2017 68.90 30.60 17.09 32.23 20.11.2017 77.50 32.50 16.70 29.43 21.11.2017 88.90 43.74 17.80 30.07 27.11.2017 84.30 44.60 17.28 31.10 28.11.2017 72.80 37.70 16.98 28.89 04.12.2017 70.90 36.50 17.03 32.20 05.12.2017 88.90 43.30 15.32 27.99 11.12.2017 74.70 34.87 17.99 29.30 12.12.2017 77.30 33.80 16.30 28.22 18.12.2017 67.00 31.89 15.20 27.10 19.12.2017 72.80 39.80 15.43 26.95 25.12.2017 80.80 52.65 15.85 27.08 26.12.2017 80.99 40.99 16.01 28.65 01.01.2018 90.70 48.87 16.76 29.45 02.01.2018 83.70 46.55 16.87 29.06 08.01.2018 76.30 28.90 17.75 30.88 09.01.2018 89.40 42.68 16.95 30.05 15.01.2018 84.44 36.89 17.05 32.10 16.01.2018 80.90 44.80 16.82 29.97 22.01.2018 81.40 33.54 16.92 28.78 23.01.2018 79.44 29.76 17.02 30.10 29.01.2018 76.89 28.77 17.30 31.08 30.01.2018 70.30 30.45 17.10 30.70 Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 17

CMPDI

 Observations

The average concentration levels (24 hrly.) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx is within permissible limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

3.3 WATER QUALITY

 Water quality study Baseline data w.r.t water quality of various inland surface water and ground water sources had been generated by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt.

Limited, Lucknow. The findings have been incorporated in this chapter.

 Location of sampling stations

9 sampling stations covering ground water, surface water and mine water were selected in the core and buffer zones of the project. The locations of water sampling stations have been shown in Plate No.-XII and details are given below:

Table: 3.14: Location of sampling stations Aerial Direction w.r.t Sl. Location Distance in Name of Location Centre of No. Code km (w.r.t the Core Zone Mine Centre) 1. DW1 Ratanpur Village SW 3.3 km 2. DW2 Rampia Village NW 4.1 km 3. DW3 Partapalli Village SW 3.0 km 4. DW4 Kulaparha village E 2.3 km 5. SW1 Banjarnaria nalla up stream SE 3.4 km 6. SW2 Banjarnaria nalla down stream S 2.0 km 7. SW3 Ratansara Village S 2.0 km 8. SW4 Gopalpur Village SE 2.8 km Basundhara (W) mine effluent 9. EW1 SE 5.5 km water

 Frequency of sampling Water samples were collected once in a season from the above villages for analysis.

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 18

CMPDI

 Methodology and instruments used for water analysis

Water samples were collected for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters taking suitable precautions. The methodology and instruments used for water analysis are given in Table-3.15 to 3.17.

Table-3.15 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters (Drinking Water)

Sl. No. Tests Protocol 1. Odour IS 3025 (Part 6) : 1983 Reaffirmed 2002 2. Taste IS 3025 (Part 8) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2002 3. Temperature (0C) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2550B) 4. Turbidity as (NTU) IS 3025 (Part 10) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2002 5. pH IS 3025 (Part 11) : 1983 Reaffirmed 2002 6. Total Dissolved Solids as IS 3025 (Part 15) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2003 TDS (mg/l) 7. Alkalinity (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 23) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009 (mg/l) 9. Calcium as Ca (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003 10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 42) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003 11. Iron as Fe (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 53) : 2003 Reaffirmed 2009 12. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part59) : 2006 13. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 32) : 1988 Reaffirmed 2007 (Argentometric Method)

14. Sulfate as SO4 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 24) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003 (Turbidity Method)

15. Nitrate Nitrogen as NO3 IS 3025 (Part34) : 1988 Reaffirmed 2003 (mg/l) 16. Fluorides as F (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 60) : 2008 (Ion Selective Electrode Method) 17. Phenolic Compounds as IS 3025 (Part 43) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003 C6H5OH (mg/l) 18. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 41) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003 19. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 48) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003 20. Aluminium as Al (mg/l) APHA 21st EDN.:2012 3500 21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 37) : 1988 22. Lead as Pb (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 47) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003 23. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003 24. Hexavalent Chromium as IS 3025 (Part 52) : 2003 Reprint 2007 Cr+6 (mg/l) 25. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 27) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003 26. Selenium as Se (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 56) 27. Free Residual Chlorine IS 3025 (Part 26) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 19

CMPDI

Sl. No. Tests Protocol (mg/l) (Idometric Method) 28. Anionic Detergents APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, 5540 A+C (As MBAS)(mg/l) max 29. Fecal Coliform(MPN/100 ml) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, 9221 E

Table-3.16 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters (Surface Water)

Sl. No. Parameter Protocol 1. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B) 2. Colour (Hazen units) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2120B) 3. Temp (0C) APHA 22nd EDN. 2012 (2550B) 4. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 C) 5. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D) 6. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN :2012 (2540D) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006 7. day) 8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009 IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 9. Calcium as CaCO (mg/l) 3 2003 IS 3025 (Part 46) : 1994 Reaffirmed 10. Magnesium as MgCO (mg/l) 3 2003 11. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 3500 A+C 12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3114 As B) 13. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B) 14. Colour (Hazen units) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2120B) 15. Temp (0C) APHA 22nd EDN. 2012 (2550B) 16. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 C) 17. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D) 18. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN :2012 (2540D) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006 19. day) 20. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009 IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 21. Calcium as CaCO (mg/l) 3 2003 IS 3025 (Part 46) : 1994 Reaffirmed 22. Magnesium as MgCO (mg/l) 3 2003 23. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 3500 A+C 24. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3114 As B) 25. Lead as Pb (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B) 26. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3111 Cd B) 27. Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Cr+6 B) 28. Oil & Grease APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 5520 A+D 29. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 4500 Cl B APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500-FC & 30. Fluorides as F (mg/l) D) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 4500 SO 42- 31. Sulphate as SO (mg/l) 4 4 E 32. Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) - 33. Copper as Cu (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B) 34. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, (3112 A+C)

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 20

CMPDI

Sl. No. Parameter Protocol 35. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part59) : 2006 36. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Zn B) 37. Iron as Fe (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Fe B) IS 3025 (Part 27) : 1994 Reaffirmed 38. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) 2003 39. Phenolic Compounds APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 5530 A+C 40. Total coliform (MPN/100 ml) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (9221 B)

Table-3.17 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters (Effluent Water)

Sl. No. Parameter Protocol 1. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B) 2. Temperature (0C) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2550B) 3. Colour (Hazen unit) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2120B) 4. Odour APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2150B) 5. Total Suspended Solid as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D) 6. Oil & Grease as O & G (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5520 B) 7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5210 B) as BOD (mg/l) (5day 200C) 8. Chemical Oxygen Demand APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5220 B) as COD (mg/l) 9. Iron as Fe (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Fe B) 10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012(3111-A+ B) 11. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012(3111-A+ B) 12. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 A+C) 13. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111A+ B) 14. Flouride as F (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 F- D+C) 15. Dissolved phosphates as P (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 A+C) 16. Sulphide as S (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 S-2F)

17. Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5530 A+C) 18. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B) 19. Nitrate Nitrogen as N (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 A+C)

20. Lead as Pb (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500-NO3 B) 21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3114 B) 22. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B) 23. Mercurry as Hg (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3112 B)

24. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3 -N (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 NH3 -F)

25. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen as (NH3) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 Norg A+C) 26. Total Chromium as Cr (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111D) 27. Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (3500 Cr B)

 Results The results of analyses of water samples are given in Table 3.18 to 3.20.

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 21

CMPDI

Table – 3.18

GROUND WATER QUALITY DATA

INDIAN STANDARDS Sl. TESTS DW1 DW2 DW3 DW4 as per No. IS10500:1991(Reaff:2012)

Date of Sampling 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 Desirable Permissible

1. Colour (Hazen unit) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 15 2. Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4. Temperature (0C) 23.1 23.9 24.2 23.6 - - 5. Turbidity as (NTU) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1 10 6. pH 6.95 6.84 7.06 6.91 6.5-8.5 No Relax. Total Dissolved Solids 7. 202 164 177 205 500 mg/l 2000 mg/l as TDS (mg/l) 8. Alkalinity (mg/l) 112 88 104 116 200 mg/l 600 mg/l Total Hardness as 9. 168 140 160 164 200.0 mg/l 600 CaCO3 (mg/l) 10. Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 28.8 33.6 32 44.8 75.0 mg/l 200 11. Copper as Cu (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.05 0.05 mg/l 1.5 mg/l 12. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.08 0.3 mg/l 1 mg/l Manganese as Mn 13. <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 0.10 mg/l 0.3 (mg/l) 14. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) 22 20 50 52 250.0 mg/l 1000

15. Sulfate as SO4 (mg/l) 18.6 21.3 15.6 19.6 200.0 mg/l 400 Nitrate Nitrogen as NO 16. 3 3.6 4.28 2.1 3.85 45.0 mg/l 100 (mg/l) 17. Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.57 0.27 0.29 0.09 1.0 mg/l 1.5 mg/l Phenolic Compounds 18. <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 mg/l 0.002 mg/l as C6H5OH (mg/l) 19. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 mg/l No Relax 20. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 No Relax. 21. Aluminium as Al (mg/l) <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.03 0.2 22. Arsenic as As (mg/l) <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 0.01 mg/l No Relax 23. Lead as Pb (mg/l) <0.009 <0.009 <0.009 <0.009 0.01 mg/l No Relax. 24. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.19 5 mg/l 15 mg/l Hexavalent Chromium 25. <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 mg/l No Relax. as Cr+6 (mg/l) 26. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 No Relax 27. Selenium as Se (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 No Relax Free Residual Chlorine 28. <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.20 mg/l - (mg/l) Anionic Detergents (As 29. <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 0.2 1 MBAS)(mg/l) max Fecal Coliform 30. Absent Absent Absent Absent - - (MPN/100 ml)

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Table-3.19

SURFACE WATER QUALITY DATA

Sl. Parameter SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 No. Date of Sampling 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18

1. pH 7.17 7.24 7.6 7.68 2. Colour (Hazen units) 10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 3. Temp (0C) 23.1 23.6 23.2 24.2 4. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.5 5. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 40 36 62 184 6. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) 16.6 14.1 37.6 10.8 7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 32 28 52 128

9. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) 4.8 9.6 11.2 30.4

10. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) 4.86 0.97 5.83 12.63 11. Selenium as Se (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 13. Lead as Pb (mg/l) <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 14. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 15. Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 16. Oil & Grease <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 17. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 4 4 6 30 18. Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.98 0.68 0.42 0.53

19. Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l) 6.4 4.3 11.7 17.6

20. Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) 1.72 1.2 3.1 8.4 21. Copper as Cu (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 22. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 24. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.13 0.15 0.2 0.11 25. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.17 0.19 0.09 0.16 26. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 27. Phenolic Compounds <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 28. Total coliform (MPN/100 ml) 120 160 200 140

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Table-3.20

MINE EFFLUENT QUALITY DATA

General Standards for TESTS discharge of Effluents into Sl. No. EW inland Surface water GSR 422(E)

1. pH 7.43 5.5-9.0 2. Temperature (0C) 24.10 50C above water temp. 3. Colour (Hazen unit) 10.0 - 4. Odour Odourless - Total Suspended Solid as TSS 5. 21.6 100 (mg/l) 6. Oil & Grease as O & G (mg/l) BDL 10 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 7. 3.5 30 as BOD (mg/l) (5day 200C) Chemical Oxygen Demand 8. 16.0 250 as COD (mg/l) 9. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.68 3.0 10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) BDL 3.0 11. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.29 5.0 12. Selenium as Se (mg/l) BDL 0.05 13. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) BDL 3.0 14. Flouride as F (mg/l) 1.46 2.0 15. Dissolved phosphates as P (mg/l) 0.52 5.0 16. Sulphide as S (mg/l) BDL 2.0

Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH 17. BDL 1.0 (mg/l) 18. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) BDL 2.0 19. Nitrate Nitrogen as N (mg/l) 17.10 10.0

20. Lead as Pb (mg/l) BDL 0.1

21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) BDL 0.2 22. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) BDL 2.0 23. Mercurry as Hg (mg/l) BDL 0.01

Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3 -N 24. 3.11 50.0 (mg/l)

25. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen as (NH3) 11.0 100.0 26. Total Chromium as Cr (mg/l) BDL 2.0 27. Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l) BDL 0.10

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 Observations

 Ground Water (Tubewell water and Dugwell water)

Samples, DW-1, DW-2, DW-3, and DW-4 were from ground water sources. The analyses shows that various physical and chemical parameters are within the permissiable limits of Drinking Water Standards (IS: 10500-2012).

 Surface Water Samples, SW-1 and SW-2 were collected from upstream and down stream of Banjarnaria nalla. SW-3 and SW-4 were collected from Ratansara and Gopalpur Pond Water. As on date, there is no standard for Surface water.

 Waste Water Samples, EW-1 were collected from effluent water of Basundhara (W) OCP. The analysis shows that various parameters are within the limits of General Standards for discharge of Effluents into inland Surface water GSR 422(E).

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 25

CMPDI

3.4 HYDROLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY

3.4.1 INTODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY

Drainage basin is a tool for quantitative measurement of hydrogeological cycle. In a drainage basin, the catchment or water shed forms a system boundary through which any sort of excess precipitation flows off through its principal streams. The characteristics of a basin at any given time contribute to the hydrologic variations in space. The characteristics to be considered include geometry of the basin, such as area, relief, orientation, shape, drainage density, channel frequency and drainage configuration. Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern through its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by different geological/ geographical factors. Drainage patterns are classified on the basis of their texture and form. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and subsurface geology. Drainage channels develop where surface runoff is enhanced and earth materials provide least resistance to erosion. Drainage pattern in Talcher coalfield varies from parallel to dendritic in nature. The study area falls under the influence of Basundhara River pre-dominantly, which are the tributary of Ib River which control the overall drainage pattern of the coalfield.

3.4.2 DRAINAGE ANALYSIS

 BASUNDHARA RIVER

Basundhara nala is one of the important drainage basin (Plate-V) which covers large extent of Ib valley coalfield. The total catchment of the Basundhara Nala is estimated at 608 km2.It is observed from the catchment characteristic of the Basundhara Nala basin, that the drainage network of the area is favorable for long extended discharge than to generate sudden peak discharge. The Basundhara nala basin has a mean bifurcation ratio of 3.22 which indicates that geological structure has played a very limited role in controlling the drainage pattern. It has a drainage frequency below 0.5 (number of rivers per unit area). This indicates a moderately developed drainage network where concentration of flood is distributed over time and no flash flood is caused.

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CMPDI

The drainage density of 0.66 km/sq.km (the total length of all stream channels per unit area of basin) shows high value of run-off and moderate to low permeability of the terrain. A low value of length of overland flow (0.76 km) greatly reduces the possibility of ground water recharge and hence the surface run-off will constitute the major part of rainfall. This also indicates low permeability of the terrain.

The average stream slope for the area is 0.0026 i.e. 1 in 400. This indicates normal gradient of channel where down cutting and scoring actions are almost neutralized. The compactness co-efficient, elongation ratio and circularity ratio for the Basundhara nala basin area 1.3, 0.65 and 0.85 respectively. Since compactness coefficient is greater that 1, the frequency and magnitude of flood are reduced. Further, circularity and elongation ratio are greater than 0.5 and these indicate a high rate of surface run-off and more time of concentration. The flow capacity and peak run-off at the highest flood level are 1061.9 and 689 cumec (m3/sec) for the Basundhara nala respectively. There will not be any over flooding of river at the time of peak run-off.

3.4.3 PRE-MINING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE AREA

The general topography of the block is undulating and is mostly forest land and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in the block. The general altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334 metres. Basundhara river is flowing north-west to south-east and ultimately drained into Ib river. Telendra nalla flows at a distance of 94 meters south of the block. Barhajharia nalla, Bhaina jhor and Ichcha Nadi flows 230 meter west, 3.4 kms north east and 8.65 km north east respectively. Besides these, there are some small ponds and dug wells available within the block and used for irrigation and drinking purposes.

3.4.4 POST-MINING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE AREA

The drainage system of the area will be undisturbed as there is no proposed nalla diversion.

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 27

CMPDI

3.4.5 HYDROGEOLOGY 3.4.5.1 AQUIFER DESCRTIPTION

The permeable formations i.e. sand and sandstone within Gondwana formation behave as an aquifer. The coal seams and shales developed act as impermeable beds i.e. aquiclude. Based on the sub surface geological data generated from the exploratory boreholes, the disposition of aquifers have been worked out as below for the workable seam Rampur seam. The seams in ascending order are RAMPUR-I, RAMPUR-II, RAMPUR-III, RAMPUR-IVB, RAMPUR-IV and RAMPUR-V. :

Table:3.21 Hydrogeological units developed in proposed project Thickness (m) Hydrogeological unit Formation Min. Max.

Shallow / water table / unconfined Overburden (shale, sandstone and sandy shale) 5.80 70.00 aquifer (highly potential) excluding weathered material Aquiclude RAMPUR V 2.00 3.00

Semiconfined aquifer 1 Parting* 0.43 7.60 Aquiclude RAMPUR IV A 11.00 15.00

Semiconfined aquifer 2 Parting* 3.44 15.95 Aquiclude RAMPUR IV B 1.00 2.00 Semiconfined aquifer 3 Parting* 1.82 7.14 Aquiclude RAMPUR III 4.00 6.00 (Low Potential Aquifer) Semiconfined aquifer 4 Parting* 0.10 3.00

DEEPER AQUIFER Aquiclude RAMPUR II 2.00 4.00 Semiconfined aquifer 5 Parting* 0.10 2.99

Aquiclude RAMPUR I 4.00 6.00 * Parting comprises of Shale, sandstone, carb shale, sandy shale

3.4.5.1 AQUIFER PARAMETERS

The regional hydro-geological studies of Sundargarh district were carried out by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India, Bhubaneswar and had submitted a report in December 1995 as “Ground Water Resources and Development Potentials of Sundargarh district, Odisha. The aquifer characteristic of phreatic zone was tested by conducting pumping tests in open dug wells. The hydraulic characteristics of open wells in Gondwana sedimentary rocks are given below in table 3.23.

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CMPDI

Table 3.22: Results of Pumping Test of Large Diameter Dug wells for Sedimentary (Gondwana) Formation, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha.

Sl. Hydrogeological Details Jhuprunga Dulanga Grindola No. (DPT-III) (DPT-IV) (DPT-V)

1. Aquifer Sand Stone Sand Stone Sand Stone

2. Duration of test (min) 90.00 60.00 23.00

3. Depth (m) 8.14 4.31 7.62

4. Diameter (m) 4.31 5.50 2.94

5. Static water level (m) bgl 5.11 2.90 6.38

6. Discharge (lps) 3.30 1.10 4.20

7. Draw down (m) 1.55 0.63 0.93

8. Specific capacity (lit/min/m cross 0.95 1.43 2.56 sectional area) Source: CGWB, Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources, South Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

It is observed from the above table that the specific capacity index ranges from 0.95 to 2.56 lit/min/m cross sectional area.

CGWB had drilled six exploratory boreholes in Gondwana formation for delineating occurrence and distribution of water bearing fractures. The hydrogeological details of the exploratory boreholes are given below in table 3.24.

Table 3.23: Location-wise Hydrogeological Details in Sedimentary (Gondwana) Rocks, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha.

Sl. Hydrogeological Tumulia Rangidhipa Rangidhipa Tumulia Gopalpur Taparia No. details (O.W) (Himgir) (O.W) 1. Geological Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone formation and shale and shale and shale and shale and shale and shale 2. Depth drilled 200.20 97.50 200.20 142.30 142.30 148.40 (m) bgl 3. Depth of fracture 90.00 – -- -- 26.40, 26.40, 12.00, zone 95.00 37.50, 27.50, 15.00, (m) bgl 42.60, 42.60, 77.00, 47.00, 47.59, 96.00, 59.00, 70.00, 100.00 70.00, 134.00 134.00

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Sl. Hydrogeological Tumulia Rangidhipa Rangidhipa Tumulia Gopalpur Taparia No. details (O.W) (Himgir) (O.W) 4. Length of casing 19.30 11.60 -- 23.80 -- 26.30 (m) 5. Static water level 14.70 9.74 13.370 9.38 6.87 12.99 (m) bgl 6. Discharge 1.60 2.30 0.370 8.00 11.50 4.20 (lps) 7. Draw down 42.00 42.19 -- 15.11 11.99 18.96 (m) 8. Transmissivity (m2/day) (a) Pumping 1.53 -- 0.158 ------Test (b) Slug test 5.54 -- 1.719 14.32 -- -- Source: CGWB, Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources, South Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

3.4.6 PRESENT GROUND WATER SCENARIO IN THE BLOCK

Present ground water scenario in and around the block under reference is assessed from the fifty three (48) open dug wells. These open dug wells are used for potable water consumption. The water level in these wells represents hydraulic head of water table aquifers. The hydraulic heads of all observed wells are calibrated to reduced level. The hydraulic head of all hydrograph stations are connected to construct water table contour map (Figure- 3.2). It is observed from the Fig. that the water table configuration of the area more or less coincides with surface topography. The ground water level recorded from the open dug well in and around the project area (buffer zone) ranges from 0.70 to 12.50 m bgl for the pre-monsoon.

Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 30

CMPDI

Figure 3.2: Water level contour map of Pre monsoon season in and around Basundhara West Extn. OCP, Ib Valley coalfield, Odisha

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CMPDI

Table 3.24 : Pre-Monsoon Details of Hydrograph Stations in and around Basundhara west Extension OCP, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha

Total Depth to Height of Physical Diameter depth water Pvt. or Govt./ Parapet Well No Village Name Location Type of Well Well Lining topogra- of well including below Owner name from phical setting (m) parapet ground Ground (m) (m) level (m) Back side centre Jibardhan Pradhan,s GT084 Baghabari Govt Dug well Random rubble Plane ground 5.59 1.20 5.45 2.50 residence back side Ratanpur Near village pond. Near Parameswar GT083 Govt Dug well Brick + R.R. Plane ground 3.02 0.15 7.54 3.55 (Majhapada) Nayak's residence Random rubble GT081 Ratansara Out side of village near mango tree Govt Dug well masonry without Plane ground 4.57 N.A. 4.74 3.60 plaster up to last GT079 Badibahal At the side of road to Himgiri Govt Dug well Brick parapet + R.R Plane ground 2.30 0.71 9.79 4.24 150m from the road to Chhatisgarh ( In Random rubble with GT077 Kandadhua paddy field approach from end of the Govt Dug well Plane ground 2.50 1.35 3.16 1.50 cement plaster village) GT075 Dhanarasi At the end of the village Govt Dug well Brick Plane ground 2.50 0.73 8.84 5.47 Brick lining with top GT074 Nuadih Road to Himgiri side Govt Dug well Plane ground 3.05 0.71 13.21 12.50 plaster 200m. From the end of the village. 50- Random rubble GT073 Balbaspur Private Dug well Plane ground 4.92 0.30 6.08 1.50 60 m. from road masonry

GT070 Chitkendhipa Agricultural field Private Dug well Random laterite stone Plane ground 3.48 0.40 3.24 7.20 Brick lining and R. R. GT069 Patrapali Before beginning of village Govt Dug well Plane ground 1.89 0.60 6.70 2.90 lining Plane on slope GT066 Podajhalanga Just at the entrance to village Govt Dug well R.R.top 1m plastered 2.76 0.60 7.96 5.90 tarrain Right side of entrance to Telendihi just R.R. with in side GT065 Telendihi Govt Dug well Plane ground 1.79 0.81 6.39 4.29 after Basundhara Nala plaster

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CMPDI

Total Depth to Height of Physical Diameter depth water Pvt. or Govt./ Parapet Well No Village Name Location Type of Well Well Lining topogra- of well including below Owner name from phical setting (m) parapet ground Ground (m) (m) level (m) Random rouble Back side of village (Unused . Needs GT064 Rengalpani Govt Dug well masonry with cement Hilly area 4.52 0.30 8.20 2.60 cleaning plaster Random rouble GT062 Bhograkachhar In the middle of village Govt Dug well masonry with cement Hilly area 2.50 1.20 8.41 7.21 plaster On the land of Kabru Oram .Back side Brick lining .72m and GT056 Kenajhor Private Dug well Plane ground 2.69 0.86 2.72 3.84 of village R.R. GT054 Sahaspur Just before end of the village backside Govt Dug well R. R. lining Plane ground 4.04 0.73 7.39 6.27 Random rubble GT053 Ustali Back side of village Govt Dug well masonry with nearly Plane ground 2.37 0.97 9.43 8.03 2.5 m. plastering R.R. with cement GT052 Jhulenbarh Near school building Govt Dug well Plane ground 2.53 0.58 10.18 8.42 mortar up to 2.20m Kenduadihi GT051 Towards Hemgiri Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 2.07 0.88 11.92 5.12 (Nuapada) Random rubble GT050 Tumbajore At the end of the village Govt Dug well masonry with cement Plane ground 3.15 0.68 10.19 6.22 plaster Brick lining 2.28m R. GT049A Kundren Back side of mid village Private Dug well Plane ground 6.00 0.15 7.28 6.85 R. lining 4.34m. GT047 Kund Mid of Bastipada Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 3.76 0.90 7.97 5.25 GT046 Jhupranga In the mid of road side Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane ground 1.20 0.50 7.08 3.50 At the beginning of village right side of R.R. lining without GT045 Gaddwar Govt Dug well Plane ground 1.50 0.54 3.94 6.46 entrance road to village plaster Brick lining and GT044 Tumalia College campus Govt Dug well Random Rouble Plane ground 4.35 1.02 11.95 7.40 masonry lining (8.67m)

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CMPDI

Total Depth to Height of Physical Diameter depth water Pvt. or Govt./ Parapet Well No Village Name Location Type of Well Well Lining topogra- of well including below Owner name from phical setting (m) parapet ground Ground (m) (m) level (m) R. R. lining with 0.8m GT043 Bangurkela End of the village Govt Dug well Plane ground 2.00 0.84 8.84 6.96 plastering inside Brick lining without GT042 Garjanbahal Gondpara Govt Dug well Plane ground 1.96 0.93 9.14 7.07 plaster Not GT041 Kasura In primary school campus Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane ground 1.50 9.08 6.00 constructed Brick lining 5.61 m Just at the beginning of village GT040 Barpali Govt Dug well Rouble masonry 2.95 Plane ground 2.89 0.64 8.56 3.86 Harijanpada m. Near the village pond out side the Brick lining with rest r. Not GT038 Bankibahal Govt Dug well Plane ground 1.15 3.46 5.60 village r. lining constructed GT035A Sambaripinda Centre of the village Govt Dug Well Brick Plane ground 1.77 1.04 8.93 6.20 GT035 Sardega Right side of entrance road of village Private Dug well Brick Plane 5.00 0.20 7.10 5.70 Not GT032 Gopalpur Refer sketch Govt Dug well R.R. Plane ground 3.53 3.61 3.40 constructed Random rouble Adjacent to village pond at the end of GT030 Garjanjhor Private Dug well masonry with cement Plane ground 3.00 0.20 2.35 0.70 the village plaster Brick lining with GT029 Chhatabal In the middle of village Govt Dug well Plane ground 2.00 1.60 10.10 4.20 cement plaster Beginning of the village 100m. From Laterite masonary GT028 Kuanrikela Govt Dug well Plane ground 3.52 0.10 3.11 5.20 Hemgiri road near a pond lining GT027 Belaimunda Rajapada well Govt Dug well Random rubble Plane ground 2.27 0.45 5.25 4.30 Brick lining with GT025 Luabahal Back side of Luabahal High school Govt Dug well Plane ground 2.28 0.78 12.56 7.90 cement plaster R.R. with parapet Plane on hilly GT014 Kalatpani On the road side to Dhanuapada Govt Dug well 2.94 0.82 4.91 1.18 plaster tarrain Plane on hilly GT013 Salingijharia Beginning of the village Govt Dug well Ring lining 1.30 0.60 6.55 2.70 tarrain

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Total Depth to Height of Physical Diameter depth water Pvt. or Govt./ Parapet Well No Village Name Location Type of Well Well Lining topogra- of well including below Owner name from phical setting (m) parapet ground Ground (m) (m) level (m) R. Rubble lining 1.1m On agricultural GT012 Titheitanagar Out side of village Private Dug well + Brick lining 3.16m + field and on 2.71 0.46 5.42 3.54 R.R. lining 1.6 m. hilly tarrain Plane on hilly Not GT010 Kahachuan On the junction of the road Private Dug well R. Rubble lining 2.95 5.77 4.44 tarrain constructed GT006 Bileibahal Mid village road side Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 3.36 0.79 7.82 4.36 R. R. lining with GT004 Bihamol End of the village Govt Dug well Plane ground 4.85 0.44 7.06 3.66 0.75m. Plastering Brick lining 7.34 m Not GT003 Siarmal Between Sargidhipa & School Dhipa Govt Dug well R.R. without plaster sloping ground 1.48 3.41 2.90 constructed 2.0m Brick lining top 0.75 GT002 Jharpalam In the middle of village Govt Dug well Plane ground 2.34 1.52 10.36 9.38 cement plaster

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CMPDI

3.4.7 HISTORICAL GROUND WATER LEVEL TRENDS As groundwater level data are temporal and dynamic in nature and is mainly controlled by rainfall pattern in relation to the aquifer material. So, long term groundwater level data becomes the principal source of information about hydrologic stresses affecting groundwater recharge, storage and discharge. Ground water levels are controlled by the balance among recharge to, storage in and discharge from an aquifer. Physical properties such as porosity, permeability and thickness of the aquifer affect this balance. When the rate of recharge to an aquifer exceeds the rate of discharge, water levels will rise. Conversely, when the rate of groundwater withdrawal or discharge is greater than the rate of groundwater recharge, the water stored in the aquifer becomes depleted and water levels will decline. Water levels in many aquifer follow a cyclic pattern of season fluctuation, typically rising during post monsoon season due to precipitation and recharge and declining during pre monsoon season owing to less recharge.

To evaluate the behaviour of long term groundwater level trends, long term water level data from the permanent observation well CMPDI have been referred in this report. To study the long term water level trends hydrograph of Sardega village dug well has been drawn. Long term pre monsoon and post monsoon water level are shown in the table given below and the hydrogrph of these stations are shown in Figure 3.3. Long term groundwater levels as monitored by Environment Monitoring Cell, RI-VII, CMPDI at village Sardega.

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CMPDI

Table – 3.25: Long term water level data of Sardega village dug well, Ib valley coalfield. pre monsoon post monsoon Year (WL in mbgl) (WL in mbgl)

2001 5.49 3.61 2002 5.25 2.85 2003 5.36 1.25 2004 4.45 1.35 2005 6.80 1.15 2006 6.90 1.80 2007 5.20 2.55 2008 5.80 1.95 2009 7.65 - 2010 - 3.20 2011 4.20 3.44 2012 4.70 3.64 2013 4.44 2.95 2014 3.32 2.89 2015 6.86 2.90 2016 7.19 3.06 2017 3.38 2.01 Source: Routine Environmental monitoring cell, Environment Department, CMPDI

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CMPDI

The interpretations of the historical groundwater level data available from the observation well (Sardega village dug well) are as follows:

i. Sardega village dug well

 Pre monsoon water level trend shows a marginal increasing trend which signifies that the groundwater is not affected by the overall groundwater utilization with the increasing population and by mining.

 The post monsoon water level trend shows a marginal decreasing trend which signifies that the groundwater is a bit affected by the overwall utilization by the population.

 The long-term pre monsoon water level varies from 3.32 to 7.65 mbgl and post monsoon water level varies from 1.15 to 3.44 mbgl.

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CMPDI

Figure 3.3: Hydrograph of Sardega villge dug well, Ib valley coalfield (Approximately 1.70 kms East from Basundhara west extension block boundary)

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3.5 NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT

 Noise level assessment The present ambient noise level assessment for the project has been carried out by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Limited, Lucknow during November 2017 to February 2018. The results of noise level measurement have been incorporated in this chapter.

 Location of noise level measurement stations Ten spots/stations were selected for measuring the noise levels. The locations of noise level measurement stations are shown in Plate No.-XIII and details are given below:

Table 3.26: Details of Noise Level Measurement Stations

Noise level in dB(A) Station Code Maximum Minimum Day (leq) Night (leq) Ambient Noise Level (dBA) N1 Telendih 62.5 49.9 58.9 52.3 N2 Tiklipara 54.8 42.3 52.3 43.1 N3 Rampia 58.9 43.9 54.7 44.8 N4 Sumura 55.9 40.7 51.6 41.5 N5 Chakarpur 57.8 41.4 53.9 43.7 N6 Kanikalan 55.6 41.7 52.3 42.4 N7 Mundelkhet 56.9 41.9 53.9 43.8 N8 Ghogharpali 57.9 42.5 54.1 43.6 N9 Patrapalli 56.5 42 51.2 44.8

 Frequency of noise level measurement The Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out day and night as given below:

Sl. No. Time (hrs.) Duration (in min.) 1 08:00-11:00 30 2 14:00-17:00 30 3 18:00-21:00 30 4 24:00-03:00 30

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 Methodology and instrument used for noise level measurement Ambient noise level monitoring was done by an integrating sound level meter (CR-275) of Cirrus Research Plc., U.K. in dBA. Noise measurements were made at a height of 1.5m, above the ground and away from sound reflecting sources like walls, buildings etc.

Results: The noise level measurements from above stations are given below:

Table 3.27: Details of Noise Level Measurement Stations

Noise level in dB(A) Station Code Location Name Day Permissi- Night Permissi- (Leq) ble limit (Leq) ble limit N1 Telendih 58.9 75 52.3 70.0 N2 Tiklipara 52.3 55 43.1 45.0 N3 Rampia 54.7 55 44.8 45.0 N4 Sumura 51.6 55 41.5 45.0 N5 Chakarpur 53.9 55 43.7 45.0 N6 Kanikalan 52.3 55 42.4 45.0 N7 Mundelkhet 53.9 55 43.8 45.0 N8 Ghogharpali 54.1 55 43.6 45.0 N9 Patrapalli 51.2 55 44.8 45.0

 Observation

Noise level measurements from various stations as mentioned above and it is found that noise level at all villages are within permissible limits of the prescribed standards for both day-time and night-time.

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3.6 LAND USE/COVER PATTERN

3.6.1 LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION

The land use/cover classification (Plate No.-X) for the core and buffer zone of the project based on satellite data interpretation has been given in following table. Table 3.28- LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION

Classes Core Zone Buffer Zone Area Area % of Level-I Level-II % of Total (Km2) (Km2) Total Dense Forest 0.00 0.00 57.85 14.56 Forest Land Open Forest 0.57 17.70 126.01 31.71 Total Forest Land 0.57 17.70 183.86 46.27 Scrubs 1.26 39.15 67.70 17.03

Social Forestry 0.01 0.19 1.79 0.45 Plantation Plantation on OB 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 Area Plantation on Backfill 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Plantation Area 0.01 0.19 1.82 0.46 Total Vegetation 1.84 57.04 253.38 63.76

Crop land 0.0 1 0. 19 13.84 3.48 Agriculture Fallow Land 0.52 1 6. 14 89.86 22.61 Land Total Agriculture Land 0.53 16.33 103.70 26.09 Waste Land 0.83 26.1 5 23.28 5.86 Waste Land Sand Body 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 Total Waste Land 0.83 26.15 23.48 5.91 Coal Quarry 0.00 0.00 3.09 0.78 Barren OB Dump 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.25 Back Filled Area 0.00 0.00 1.1 7 0.29 Coal Dump 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.14 Mining Area Advance quarry 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 Water Filled Quarry 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.17 Total Mining Area 0.00 0.00 6.51 1.64 Urban Settlements 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.05 Rural Settlements 0.02 0.48 3.47 0.87 Settlements Industrial Settlements 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05 Total Settlement Area 0.62 0.48 3.86 0.97 Water Body River/ Ponds 0.00 0.00 6.52 1.63 Total Area 3.22 100.00 397.45 100.00

Source: CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi: Land Use/ Cover Map of Core & Buffer Zones of is based on Satellite IRS-R-2/L-IV of the year 2018 from CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi.

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3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCENARIO

The Socio Economic Study in Core & Buffer area based on primary and secondary survey conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s VRDS CONSULTANTS, Chennai .The study area comprises of rural area of district Sundergarh, Odisha.

3.7.1 METHODOLOGY

The study of Socio-economic environment is an integral part of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The study includes Social profile, Economic, Infrastructure facilities, Occupational health survey, Occurrence of historical / Archaeological sites and presence of important features of the study area (Core zone and Buffer zone, 10 Km radius from mine lease area). Census 2011 Village boundary map is used as a reference for identifying the villages. All the information is collected from the census and reported. To validate the census 2011 data, household survey of 253 houses was collectedby floating questionnaire to the residence and local people / Village head (Mukhia/Sarpanch) of different project affectedvillages.Sample size varies as per need, time and convenience. Occupational health status of the above for the different age group and sex was also collected and got authenticated by area Medical officer Basundhara area Hospital.

3.7.2 RATIONALE BEHIND SAMPLING

Villages were chosen as per convenience of team and response of localities. In addition, accessibility to the villages was considered. Project affected villages were selected for House Hold Survey to know the effect of the project on them.

3.7.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

There are two villages (Ratansara and Gopalpur) in core zone and 58 villages in buffer zone.Following is the details of number of villages with population in core zone, within 500 m of study area and buffer zone.

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Table-3.29: Zone wise village details

Total Area Zone / Area Number of Villages Total Population Households (Hectares) Core Zone 2 1309 4884 2294.01 < 500 M - - - - Buffer Zone 58 8762 35376 18870.19

3.7.4 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

The study area comprises 60 villages, with a total populationof 40260 persons. Summary of the same is given below.

Table-3.30: Demographic Profile of the Study Area

Villages in Villages in State District Tahsil Core Zone Buffer Zone Hemgir 2 52 ODISHA Sundargarh Lephripara 0 6 Total 2 58

3.7.5 SOCIAL PROFILE

3.7.5.1 POPULATION CASTE WISE BREAKUP

The data is available for individual caste, as per the notified list of SCs and STs for each village. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and figurative form. Table-3.31: Summary Caste distribution

Total Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Zone Population Male Female Population Male Female Population Male Female

2462 2422 710 365 345 2557 1256 1301 Core 4884 Zone 50.41% 49.59% 14.54% 7.47% 7.06% 52.35% 25.72% 26.64%

17849 17527 4954 2510 2444 15743 7857 7886 Buffer 35376 Zone 50.46% 49.54% 14.00% 7.10% 6.91% 44.50% 22.21% 22.29%

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Fig-3.4: Caste distribution

3.7.5.2 LITERACY WISE BREAKUP

Literacy rates are considered as a crucial measure of the value of a region's human capital. Literate people can be more easily trained than illiterate people, and generally have a higher socioeconomic status; thus they enjoy better health and employment prospects. Literacy can increase job opportunities and access to higher education

The data for literates and illiterates of each village is available in cencus. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and figurative form.

Table-3.32: Summary Literacy Status

Literates Illiterates Zone Total Population Male Female Population Male Female 2933 1658 1275 1951 804 1147 4884 Core Zone 60.05% 33.95% 26.11% 39.95% 16.46% 23.48%

23713 13291 10422 11663 4558 7105 35376 Buffer Zone 67.03% 37.57% 29.46% 32.97% 12.88% 20.08%

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Fig-3.5: Literacy distribution

3.7.6 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE

Average household size is 4 persons per family, in the study area.

Avg_HH_Size = (Total Population) / (No of Households)

Below is the summary of the same.

Table 3.33: Summary Avg - HH size

Zone No of Households Total Population Avg_HH_Size (Persons)

Core Zone 1309 4884 4

8762 35376 4 Buffer Zone

3.7.7 SEX RATIO

Sex ratio is an indicator of social status. In places where women have a better social status, there the difference between the numbers of male and female is less, the ratio is found to be close to 1:1.

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Below is the summary of the same data in tabular form, representing number of female every1000 male.

Sex ratio = (Number of females*1000) / (Number of males)

Table-3.34: Summary sex ratio

Zone TOTAL SC ST

984 945 1036 Core Zone

982 974 1003 Buffer Zone

The ideal sex ratio is 1:1. From the above table, it can be observed that in study area, the number of female per 1000 male is less than required except Scheduled Tribe (ST).

3.7.8 ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.7.8.1 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

The census classifies workers into two groups, namely, ‘Main workers’ and ‘Marginal workers’. Main Workers are those who have worked for the major part of the reference period, i.e. 6 months or more. Marginal Workers are those who have not worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6 months. The main/marginal workers are classifiedbased on Industrial category of workers in following four categories:

 Cultivators  Agricultural Laborers  Household Industry Workers  Other Workers

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3.7.8.2 CULTIVATORS

For purpose of the Census, a person is classified as cultivator if he or she is engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who has given out her/his land to another person or persons or institution(s) for cultivation for money, kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivate on land, is not treated as cultivator.

3.7.8.3 AGRICULTURAL LABORERS

A person who works on another person’s land for wages in money or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural laborer. She or he has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person’s land for wages. An agricultural laborer has no right of lease or contract on land on which she/he works.

3.7.8.4 HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS

Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists of members of the household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered factory where more than 10 persons with power or 20 persons without power is in use as it would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act. The main criterion of a Household industry even in urban areas is the participation of one or more members of a household. Even if the industry is not actually located at home in rural areas there is a greater possibility of the members of the household participating even if it is located anywhere within the village limits. In the urban areas, where organized industry takes greater prominence, the Household Industry should be confined to the precincts of the house where the participants live.

3.7.8.5 OTHER WORKERS

Workers other than cultivators, agricultural laborers or workers in Household Industry, as defined above are termed as ‘Other Workers’ (OW).

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Examples of such type of workers are government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport, banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and figurative form. Table-3.35: Summary Worker classification

Core Zone TOT 2409 49.32% TOT 2475 50.68% WORKING M 1496 30.63% NON_WORKERS M 966 19.78% F 913 18.69% F 1509 30.90% TOT 1870 38.29% TOT 539 11.04% MAIN_WORK M 1263 25.86% MARG_WORK M 233 4.77% F 607 12.43% F 306 6.27% TOT 485 25.94% TOT 61 11.32% MAIN_CULT M 467 24.97% MARG_CULT M 56 10.39% F 18 0.96% F 5 0.93% TOT 1026 54.87% TOT 372 69.02% MAIN_AGR M 498 26.63% MARG_AGR M 107 19.85% F 528 28.24% F 265 49.17% TOT 37 1.98% TOT 2 0.37% MAIN_HH M 23 1.23% MARG_HH M 1 0.19% F 14 0.75% F 1 0.19% TOT 322 17.22% TOT 104 19.29% MAIN_OTHERS M 275 14.71% MARG_OTHERS M 69 12.80% F 47 2.51% F 35 6.49%

Buffer Zone TOT 18267 51.64% TOT 17109 48.36% WORKING M 10953 30.96% NON_WORKERS M 6896 19.49% F 7314 20.68% F 10213 28.87% TOT 10675 30.18% TOT 7592 21.46% MAIN_WORK M 8488 23.99% MARG_WORK M 2465 6.97% F 2187 6.18% F 5127 14.49% TOT 4212 39.46% TOT 1204 15.86% MAIN_CULT M 3673 34.41% MARG_CULT M 355 4.68% F 539 5.05% F 849 11.18% TOT 2512 23.53% TOT 5227 68.85% MAIN_AGR M 1589 14.89% MARG_AGR M 1462 19.26% F 923 8.65% F 3765 49.59% TOT 239 2.24% TOT 105 1.38% MAIN_HH M 166 1.56% MARG_HH M 48 0.63% F 73 0.68% F 57 0.75% TOT 3712 34.77% TOT 1056 13.91% MAIN_OTHERS M 3060 28.67% MARG_OTHERS M 600 7.90% F 652 6.11% F 456 6.01%

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Fig-3.6: Work Wise Classification

The number of female workers is less than the number of male workers.

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3.7.9 INFRASTRUCTURE PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

Infrastructure refers to structures, systems, and facilities serving the economy of a business, industry, country, city, town, or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. Its typically to characterize the existence or condition of costly 'technical structures' such as roads, bridges, tunnels, or other constructed facilities such as loading docks, cold storage chambers, electrical capacity, fuel tanks, cranes, overhead clearances, or components of water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth. Infrastructure thus consists of improvements with significant cost to develop or install that return an important value over time.

Note: If infrastructure facility is not available within the village, the data corresponding to distance range code of nearest place where facility is available is given. Range is classified into within 5 km from village boundary, 5-10 km from village boundary and > 10 Km from village boundary.

3.7.9.1 WATER SUPPLY

Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, recreational, and environmental activities. Providing a better water supply can significantly improve the quality of life and is a source of, and the condition for, a socio-economic development. Some diseases are related to insufficient or unsafe water, together with local factors as climate, density of population, local practices etc.

Table-3.35: Water supply details Available Not Available in in village village Water Supply Availability Tap Water-Treated 0 58 Tap Water Untreated 16 42 Covered Well 0 58 Uncovered Well 57 1 Hand Pump 57 1 Tube Wells/Borehole 0 58 Spring 13 45 River/Canal 17 41 Tank/Pond/Lake 53 5 Others 0 58

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It is seen from the above, that treated water is not available to any village of the study area. Also, covered well and Tube well / Boreholeisnot present in anyvillage. The main source of drinking water is uncovered well and Hand Pumps for 57 villages.

3.7.9.2 MEDICAL CENTER SERVICES

A greater component of medical effort is devoted to improving the quality of life, or more accurately, to prevent or to minimize the poor quality of life associated with chronic disease: to the relief of pain, disfigurement, and disability.

The medical center services & amenities availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the summary for the same.

Table 3.36: Health amenities availability within village

S.N Within <5 km from 5 to10 km >10 km Amenities o. Village village from village from village 1 Community Health Centre 0 1 4 53

2 Primary Health Centre 0 11 34 13

3 Primary Heallth Sub Centre 6 12 30 10

Maternity And Child Welfare 1 0 3 54 4 Centre

5 TB Clinic 1 0 6 51

6 Hospital Allopathic 1 1 3 53

7 Hospital Alternative Medicine 0 0 5 53

8 Dispensary 1 0 10 47

9 Veterinary Hospital 0 1 6 51

10 Mobile Health Clinic 0 0 4 54

11 Family Welfare Centre 1 0 0 57

It is seen from the above that, the medical facilities are very poor in the study area. These are available within the range of more than 10 Kms. for most of the villages. Community health care centre, Primary health centre, Hospital alternative medicine, Veterinary Hospital and mobile health clinic isnot present in any village.

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 Maternity And Child Welfare Centre is present only in Bilaimunda  TB Clinic is present only in Gopalpur  Hospital Allopathic is present only in Bilaimunda  Dispensary is present only in Tunulia  Family Welfare Centre is present only in Bilaimunda

As Cattle play a major role in source of income, the availability of veterinary hospitals becomes crucial. Veterinary Hospital is not availablein any village. Most of the medical facilities are availableat more than 10 kms distance from most of the villages.

3.7.9.3 EDUCATION INSTITUTE STATUS

The educational institute availability in study area. Below is the summary for the same. Table 3.37: Education facility availability

<5 km 5-10 km >10 km Within N.A. in from from from village census village village village Educational Facility Pre-Primary School 1 4 23 29 3

Primary School 52 4 2 0 2

Middle School 24 22 12 0 2

Secondary School 9 24 25 0 2

Senior Secondary School 2 11 18 27 2 Arts and Science Degree 1 8 15 34 2 College Engineering College 0 1 1 56 2

Medicine College 0 0 0 58 2

Management Institute 0 0 0 58 2

Polytechnic 0 0 0 58 2 Vocational Training 0 1 0 56 3 School/ITI Government Non Formal 0 0 0 54 6 Training Centre Government School For 0 1 0 55 4 Disabled

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From above, it can be seen that availability of Education facility is poor expect Primary School.Engineering College, Medicine College, Management Institute, Polytechnic,Vocational training school, Government Non-Formal Training Centre and Government School for Disabled are not available in any village of the study area.. It is available within the range of more than 10 kms distance.  Pre-Primary School is available only in Tikilipara  Arts and Science Degree College is available only in Tumulia

3.7.9.4 POWER SUPPLY AVAILABILITY

The power supply availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the summary for the same. Table-3.38: Power supply availability

Not Available in Sl No. Type of Power Supply Available in village village

1 Power- Domestic 48 10

2 Power - Agriculture 19 39

3 Power- Commercial 30 28

4 Power- All Users 19 39

Power supply for domestic use is good which is available for maximum numbers (48) of villages. For agriculture, commercial and all usersitis available in less than 50% of the villages.

3.7.9.5 COMMUNICATION SERVICES

A decisive role can be played by communication in promoting human development in today's new climate of social change. The communication services availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the summary for the same.

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Table-3.39: Communication amenities availability within village

Within <5 km from 5-10 km >10 km Amenities village village from village from village

Post Office 8 2 4 44

Sub Post Office 1 6 28 23

Post and Telegraph Office 4 0 0 54

Landline 19 9 16 14

PCO 20 9 16 13

Mobile Phone Coverage 57 0 1 0

Internet Cafes 4 7 11 36

Private Courier Facility 3 7 11 37

The communication services availability for various purposes in study area is very poor except Mobile Phone coverage, PCO and Landline.

3.7.9.6 TRANSPORT SERVICES

Without effective transportation, regions are largely isolated from each other. Effective, affordable transportation also plays a role in letting people move to new area.

The transport services availability in study area. Below is the summary for the same.

Table-3.39(a): Transport amenities availability within village

Within S.No. Amenities < 5 km 5 to 10 km >10 km Village 21 2 5 30 1 Public Bus Service

26 10 16 6 2 Private Bus Service

0 0 0 58 3 Railway Station

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The availability of transport facilities is very poor. Private / public bus services for communication looks better than railway services. People use their own vehicles for transport purpose.

3.7.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Occupational health survey deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. The health of the workers has several determinants, including risk factors at the workplace leading to accidents, cancers, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, hearing loss, circulatory diseases, stress related disorders and communicable diseases etc.

Occupational health refers to the identification and control of the risks arising from physical, chemical, and other workplace hazards in order to establish and maintain a safe and healthy working environment. These hazards may include chemical agents or solvents, heavy metals such as lead or mercury, physical agents such as loud noise or vibration, and physical hazards such as electricity or dangerous machinery.

Coal fly ashes (CFA) are complex particles of a variable composition, which is mainly dependent on the combustion process, the source of coal and the precipitation technique. Toxic constituents in these particles are considered metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and silica. Silica (crystalline) is considered as human carcinogen.

Table-3.40:Health status of the area as per Medical officer Basundhara area Hospital

Disease 0-5 years 5 - 18 years 18 - 40 years > 40 Years Silicosis N N N N Pneumonias N N N N Asthma Y Y Y Y Hypertension N N Y Y Sugar N N Y Y TB N N N N Malaria Y Y Y Y Cholera N N N N

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Jaundice Y Y Y Y Diarrhea Y Y Y Y Chicken Pox Y N N N Skin Disease Y Y Y Y Paralytic Attack N N Y Y Heart Attack N N N Y Sinusitis Y Y Y Y Arthritis N N Y Y Anemia (Sickelcell) N Y Y Y

There is no qualified (MBBS) medical practitioner available within the surveyed villages. Also, the villagers don’t have proper record of their medical history. Out of the surveyed villagers nobody has reported chronic diseases. It is observed that Asthma, Hypertension, Diabetes and arthritic are common in people of old age group (> 40 years). Malaria, Jaundice, Dysentery/Diarrhea and Skin diseases are common in all age groups.

The diseases are commonly prevailing in the general population irrespective of their occupation.

For healthy life, prevention is better than cure. So, one should maintain hygiene, balanced diet, regular exercise and lifestyle modification to reduce the stress. The water should be used after boiling and filtrations for drinking purpose.

The respondents have reported dissatisfaction over sanitation. The stagnation of water and garbage is a major problem. The mosquito menace is also a major problem. People should use mosquito net or coils.

3.7.11 HOUSE HOLD SURVEY

253 households of 5 villages with a population of 1050 consisting of 557 males and 493 females were surveyed for below data.

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Table-3.41: Surveyed Village Demographic Profile Village Total HH Total Pop Total M Total F Lit M Lit F Garjanbahal 70 277 152 125 135 78 Bolinga 26 108 58 50 51 35 Haldibahal 77 338 168 170 151 85 Bangurkela 50 203 113 90 105 64 Jhupranga 30 124 66 58 47 29 Total 253 1050 557 493 489 291

Table-3.42: Surveyed Village Social Profile Total Total OBC_ OBC_ Other Othe Village SC_M SC_F ST_M ST_F _M _F M F s_M r_F Garjanbahal 152 125 3 1 88 70 41 29 0 0 Bolinga 58 50 17 12 37 33 2 2 0 0 Haldibahal 168 170 13 12 140 149 15 9 0 0 Bangurkela 113 90 0 0 67 54 46 36 0 0 Jhupranga 66 58 0 0 66 58 0 0 0 0 Total 557 493 33 25 398 364 104 76 0 0 52.60 46.55 0.00 % 3.12% 2.36% 37.58% 34.37% 9.82% 7.18% 0.00% % % %

Table-3.43: Surveyed Village Economic profile

Primary Source Secondary Source Avg Village Annual Business Job Agri Govt Labour Business Job Agri Govt Labour Income Garjanbahal 0 37 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 179329 Bolinga 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 286539 Haldibahal 3 9 13 0 52 0 0 0 0 14 50338 Bangurkela 0 0 20 0 30 0 0 0 0 12 24310 Jhupranga 0 13 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 5 93017 Total 3 85 66 0 99 0 0 0 0 48 126707

 Basic amenities are available within the distance of 10 Km.

 Infrastructure for primary education is available within the villages.

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 Medical amenities is available within the range of >10 kms

 People are using Poultry, Goat, Cow Buffalo and Bull as source of income.

 Most houses do not have their own toilet facilities and use open land in the village for this purpose. There are no public toilets in the villages.

 Tap, hand pumps and wells are the sources of water. The quality of water is reasonably well. The difficulty arises in summer when the hand pumps do not yield even half of the normal water supply.

 The villages are connected with Electric lines. The villages are connected with Electric lines but power is intermittently supplied as in all rural areas of the state particularly in summer season.

 The fuel for cooking purpose is L.P.G, kerosene, Coal or Firewood.

 Most of the villages are connected with fair weather (tar/mud) roads with state transport facilities. Motor cycles, Cycles are used for traveling purposes. Tractors, Trucks are used for carrying materials.

During survey, it is observed that, people are very conservative about informing their income.

The maximum expenses are on food and clothing.

3.7.12 PUBLIC AWARENESS AND OPINION ABOUT THE PROJECT

Most of the respondents are aware about the project. 75% respondents have favorable opinion, 20 % have unfavorable opinion and 5 % have not given any opinion.

The respondentswereasked to opine about the project. They expect increase in job opportunities, improvement in educational, transport, medical, housing, sanitation facilities.

Unfavorable opinion can be attributed to increase in environmental pollution, crimes and increase in the cost of commodities.

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3.8 SOIL QUALITY STUDY Soil quality study was carried out by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Report on primary baseline data on soil quality is given below:

Table – 3.44: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION

Station S. No. Location Name Code 1 Telendih Village KES 1 2 Ratansara Village KES 2 3 Gopalpur Village KES 3 4 Tikilipara Village KES 4

Table – 3.45: SOIL QUALITY DATA Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018

Station code KES 1 Telendih Village

Results Sl. No. PARAMETERS 30 cm 60 cm 90 cm 1 pH 7.09 7.16 7.01 2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 161.00 183.00 100.00 3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 116.00 102.00 96.00 4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 6.30 5.20 4.50 5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 96.00 102.00 90.00 6 SAR 2.90 1.95 2.25 7 WHC (%) 16.00 19.00 16.50 8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.790 0.650 0.090 9 Specific Gravity 1.77 1.70 1.85 10 Field capaicity 24.10 25.30 29.20 11 Wilting Coefficient 10.00 12.00 9.45 12 Grain Size Distribution Sandy Sandy Sandy a) Textural Class Clay Clay Clay b) Sand (%) 42 45 50 c) Silt (%) 23 25 21 d) Clay (%) 35 30 29 Cation Exchange Capacity 13 9.85 7.11 8.00 (meq/100g)

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Table-3.46: SOIL QUALITY DATA

Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018

Station code KES 2 Ratansara Village

Results Sl. No. PARAMETERS 30 cm 60 cm 90 cm 1 pH 7.63 7.49 7.70 2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 105.00 110.00 129.00 3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 121.00 90.00 82.00 4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 4.50 4.10 3.56 5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 186.00 181.00 173.00 6 SAR 3.10 3.85 3.60 7 WHC (%) 32.00 30.20 34.50 8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.880 0.720 0.220 9 Specific Gravity 1.30 1.40 1.60 10 Field capaicity 50.20 52.01 46.20 11 Wilting Coefficient 12.20 10.50 9.21 12 Grain Size Distribution Sandy Sandy Sandy a) Textural Class Clay Clay Clay b) Sand (%) 34 30 36 c) Silt (%) 46 40 51 d) Clay (%) 20 30 13 Cation Exchange Capacity 13 7.10 7.56 11.00 (meq/100g)

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Table-3.47: SOIL QUALITY DATA Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018

Station Code KES 3 Gopalpur Village

Results Sl. No. PARAMETERS 30 cm 60 cm 90 cm 1 pH 7.11 7.19 7.06 2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 101.00 145.00 140.00 3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 167.00 155.00 148.02 4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 13.40 10.20 6.50 5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 63.30 75.00 48.00 6 SAR 2.56 2.90 2.33 7 WHC (%) 36.50 35.75 32.90 8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.960 0.750 0.460 9 Specific Gravity 1.84 1.69 1.77 10 Field capaicity 40.30 35.50 38.10 11 Wilting Coefficient 16.30 18.50 17.40 12 Grain Size Distribution Sandy Sandy a) Textural Class Loam Loam Sandy b) Sand (%) 41 38 44 c) Silt (%) 26 27 30 d) Clay (%) 33 35 26 Cation Exchange Capacity 13 14.20 12.50 10.80 (meq/100g)

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Table-3.48: SOIL QUALITY DATA

Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018

Station Code KES 4 Tikilipara Village

Results Sl. No. PARAMETERS 30 cm 60 cm 90 cm 1 pH 6.98 7.12 6.89 2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 155.00 146.00 160.00 3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 142.00 124.00 133.00 4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 5.60 4.87 4.50 5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 188.00 195.00 184.00 6 SAR 2.46 2.40 2.35 7 WHC (%) 32.01 28.50 36.90 8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.540 0.350 0.070 9 Specific Gravity 1.20 1.45 1.60 10 Field capaicity 42.00 38.70 43.60 11 Wilting Coefficient 12.30 14.10 10.20 12 Grain Size Distribution a) Textural Class Loam Loam Sandy Loam b) Sand (%) 40 52 46 c) Silt (%) 29 33 24 d) Clay (%) 31 25 30 Cation Exchange Capacity 13 14.10 12.50 8.90 (meq/100g)

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3.9 INFORMATION ON BIO-DIVERSITY

Base line monitoring data for flora and fauna was done by M/s VRDS Consultants, Chennei. The study was conducted during November 2017 to February 2018.

3.9.1 METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF FLORA

For carrying out floral study, quadrant method was adopted for quantification of trees and herbs. Random Quadrants of uniform sizes were laid down at study area to assess the biodiversity, density, girth class and height of species in the study area. It is quantified by counting the number of trees in a 10m x 10m quadrant and Herbs in 1m x 1m quadrant. Height of the tree species and girth of trees at breast height (DBH) is measured and recorded. Density, Biodiversity Simpson index of it is calculated. The updated botanical names are provided with author citation as per International Botanical nomenclature.

Identification of terrestrial vegetation in relation to natural forest flora and croplands is conducted through reconnaissance field surveys and direct insight observations. The plant species identification is done based on the morphological characteristics and reproductive materials i.e. flowers, fruits and seeds. Land use pattern in relation to agriculture practices and crop verities is identified through physical verification of farm lands.

Natural vegetation, invaded species, avenue trees, home garden plants, hedge vegetation of agriculture fields, plants present in the ponds, rivers, and hill areas are noted downlisted through direct sighting. The identity of the herbs, shrubs, climber, and trees are confirmed using the regional floras. Photographs and latitude / longitude of the location have recorded.

Secondary data and local names of species are confirmed and recorded in consultation with collected from the villagers/ forest department personnel. The updated botanical names are provided with author citation as per International Botanical nomenclature.

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3.9.2 FAUNA STUDY

The faunal study is proposed to be carried out through direct and indirect methods of faunal sighting and its identification. Line transact method is used for direct enumeration of species and pug marks, habitat, furs, thorns, skin, voice notes etc is used for indirect method of enumeration. Further, secondary data is used for listing of faunal species in the project core and buffer area.The survey study is carried out during early hours of morning and late hours of evening time. To assess the potential of the area as habitat of avifauna transects method is used. Birds, Insects and Butterflies are observed by walking carefully through transect. A single observer walked at a constant pace using Binocular. Birds either flying or perched are recorded.

Avian fauna (bird’s species) identification has been done from ornithological notes and pictorial descriptions of various authors.

The authenticity of occurrence of faunal elements, local ecology and species of high conservation importance, migratory corridors and wild animal paths is gathered by interacting with local inhabitants and forest department personnel. The status of each faunal species recorded from the project areas is ascertained provided as per schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The project is consists of 227.62 Ha forest land and 96.30 Ha non forest (agriculture / waste) land. Aquatic flora and fauna are identified by inspecting Basundhara River (Adjacent), Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor water bodies, Ponds etc. There are no water bodies in core zone of the project.

3.9.3 BIODIVERSITY STUDY

Biodiversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. For assessment of biodiversity, data from quadrants were collected and analysed in Simpsons index calculation.

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3.9.3.1 Core zone (10 X 10M Quadrant)

In Core zone following four sites are selected, which represent floral biodiversity of the area.

Location 1: Near Ratansar village, 22°04.061 N; 83° 41.087 E

Table 3.49: Quadrat sampling near Ratansara village

S. Common Diameter at (DBH), Height Scientific Name Nos. No Name cm (meter) Trees 1 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 44.0 6.0 2 Chaar Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) 2 36.0 , 44.0 5.5, 6.0 M.R.Almeida 3 Dowra Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 9.0 1.5 4 Blue gum Acacia auriculiformis Benth. 1 small 1.0 Total 5 Herbs Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit 15 - - Total 15 - - Forest floor is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.

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Location 2:

Table 3.50: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.075 N ; 83° 41.135 E

S. Common Diameter at Height Scientific Name Nos. No Name (DBH), cm (meter) Trees 1 Sal/sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 1 45.0 6.0 2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) 12 12.0 – 109.0 3-6 M.R.Almeida 3 Mahua Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) 2 62.0 7.5 J.F.Macbr. Total 15 - - Herbs/climbers 1 Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex 3 - - Schult. 2 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - - Total 15 - -

The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is burnt.

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Location 3:

Table 3.51: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.070 N ; 83° 41.196 E

S. Diameter at Height Common Name Scientific Name Nos. No (DBH), cm (meter) Trees 1 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 136.0 11.0 2 Mahua Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) 2 40, stump cut 4.0 J.F.Macbr. 3 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) 1 26.0 3.3 M.R.Almeida 5 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 6 Thin 1.5 - 2 6 East Indian Chloroxylon swietenia DC. 16 Thin 1.0 - 2 satinwood 7 Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Thin 1.0 Total 26 - - Herbs 1 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - -

The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.

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Location 4:

Table 3.52: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.004 N ; 83° 41.149 E

S. Common Diameter at Height Scientific Name Nos. No Name (DBH), cm (meter) Trees 1 Sal/sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 2 108, 107 6.4 3 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) 2 19, 37 4.5 M.R.Almeida Dhaura Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 20 6.2 5 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 10 Thin 1.5 Total 15 Herbs - - 1 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - - 2 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - - Total

The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.

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3.9.3.2 Buffer zone:

Location 1: Jackdol R/F

In Buffer zone two sites are selected, which represent floral biodiversity of the area.

Table 3.53: Quadrat sampling at Jakdol reserve forest Heigh Diameter S. Common Nos t Scientific Name at (DBH), No Name . (meter cm ) Trees 1 Sal/Sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 3 20.0 - 4.0-7.0 62.0 2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida 2 22.0 – 6.0 23.0 3 Garari, Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f. 2 15.0 – 2.0– Korodo 25.0 3.0 4 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 35.70 5.0 5 Dhava Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. 1 25.0 4.0 & Perr. 6 mohin Lannea coromandeliana (Houtt.) Merr. 1 97.0 14.0 7 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 10 Thin 1.5 8 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 1 70.0 7.0 Total 21 - - Herbs/Shrub/Climber 1 Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston 1 - - 2 Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. 5 - - 3 Ixora pavetta Andr. 4 - - 4 Harduli Olax scandens Roxb. 5 - - 5 Dhai fhool Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz 5 - - 6 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - - 7 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - - Total 34 - - Forest floor is covered with full of dried foliage. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh, parasitic shrub is growing on Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida.

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Location 2: Jackdol R/F

Table 3.54: Quadrat sampling at Jakdole RF, 22°01.599 N; 83° 47.142 E S. Diameter at Height Common Name Scientific Name Nos. No (DBH), cm (meter) Trees 1 Sal Shorea robusta Gaertn. 3 63 - 65 10-11 2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) 2 30, 40 6 M.R.Almeida 3 Garari, Korodo Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex 1 50 6 Hook.f. Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 6 10, Small 1 4 Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardium L.f. 1 35 5 5 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 1 70 6 6 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 35 5 7 Dhaora Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. 2 30, 40 6 ex Guillem. & Perr. Total 17 - - Shrubs / Small trees / Vines / Herbs 1 Tivra gandha, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & 4 - - Bagh dhoka H.Rob. 2 Kala tendu Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. 1 - - 3 Anantamul, Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex 4 - - Schult. 4 Jilpai Ixora pavetta Andr. 10 - - 5 Dheniani Olax scandens Roxb. 5 - - 6 Wild date Phoenix sylvestris(L.) Roxb. 4 - - 7 Dikamalli Gardenia resinifera Roth 4 - - 8 Corchorus aestuans L. 3 - - 9 Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) Sm. 2 - - 10 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars 2 - - 11 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 5 - - Total 44 - -

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3.9.3.3 SIMPSON’S INDEX OF BIODIVERSITY

Species diversity is one of the efficient ways to analyze community structure. Simpson diversity Index takes in to account the density of individual species.. Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and and evenness increase, so diversity increases. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0, no diversity

Simpson index of biodiversity (D) = 1- C

Where C =

D = Simpson’s index of Diversity n = the total number of organisms of a particular species, N = the total number of organisms of all species The value of this index ranges between 0 and 1, and the greater the value, the greater the sample diversity. Biodiversity of the project is given below:

Table 3.55: Biodiversity of the project. Simpson % Simpson Zone Quadrat Location index of index of biodiversity biodiversity Near Ratansar - 22°04.061 N ; 83° 41.087 E 0.72 72.00 Core 22°04.075 N ; 83° 41.135 E 0.33 33.78 zone 22°04.004 N; 83° 41.149 E 0.55 55.92 22°04.070 N ; 83° 41.135 E 0.51 51.56 Buffer Jakdol RF - 22°01.547 N ; 83° 47.102 E 0.72 72.56 zone Jakdole RF- 22°01.599 N; 83° 47.142 E 0.80 80.28

The above shows that, biodiversity in Core zone ranged between 0.33- 0.72, which is lower than buffer zone forest 0.72 - 0.80. It shows that there are more species in the quadrat sampling area.

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3.9.4 BASELINE STATUS OF FLORA

Flora of the project areas is classified in to Terrestrial and Aquatic flora.

 Terrestrial Flora

Terrestrial flora consists of the following:

(i) Agriculture crops cultivated (cereals, pulses and vegetables) during rainy season (Kharif) and post rainy moths of winter season (Rabi); (ii) Commercial crops; (iii) Natural vegetation of Forest type includes endemic species/ endangered species. (iv) Plantations and Agro-forestry species and (v) Grass lands

 Agricultural Crops

Important categories of crops include cereals, pulses (legumes), fruits and vegetables. Cropping systems vary among farms depending on the available resources and constraints; geography and climate of the farm. To a certain extent most of the agriculture activity is confined to Southwest monsoon period of July to October. Agriculture crops of study area are cultivated in backyards and farmlands during post-rainy months. A checklist of agriculture crops of the core and buffer zone are presented in below tables.

 Commercial Crops

Farmers grow grains, legumes, and vegetables to feed their families and his livestock. But anything beyond that grown to make money would be a commercial crop. The check list of commercial crops is presented in below tables.

 Agro forestry species

The agro forestry species developed in vacant farm lands and barren areas as a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land. It combines shrubs and trees of local varieties in agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound, and sustainable

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land-use systems. The agro forestry species of the study area are presented below in tables.

 Natural Vegetation/ Forest Type

It is an uncultivated and uninhabited piece of land covered by trees and shrubs. It plays a vital role in the life and culture of the people. It forms an important renewable natural resource.

The study area has Kalatpani RF, Jamkani RF, Garganpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kuramkel RF and Aradlungri RF.

The status of forest flora of the study is presented in below tables.

 Grass Lands

No prominent grass land ecosystem was found in the study area of the project. However, the grass lands were mixed with natural vegetation forest patches in low lands and the cultivable waste lands are now being utilized as grazing grounds to the livestock species.

 Aquatic Flora

The aquatic flora adjacent to Basundhar Nadi, Bhaina Jor, Pulkajhor Nala, Barhajharia nala, Telendra Nala, Chhaten Jor, rivulets in village ditches and small ponds of the study area are presented in below table.

 CORE ZONE

 Terrestrial Flora Core and Buffer Zone

The area is adjacent to existing mine, forest area, agriculture fields and villages. The forest area is degraded in some areas. Polash, Lagerstroemia, mahua are the most common tree, besides villagers have grown several useful trees. Paddy fields, vegetable cultivation, cattle rearing are the major agriculture related activities here.

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Table 3.56: List of Agricultural crops – Core & Buffer Zone Common / Sl. English Name of Class Core Buffer Botanical Name Hindi Name / Family zone zone No. Name 1 Amaranthushybridus L. Amaranthus Cauleyi, Amaranthaceae - + 2 Capsicum annum L. Chilly Lalmirchi Solanaceae + + 3 Citrus limon(L.) Burm f Lemon Nimbu Rutaceae + + 4 CoriandrumsativumL. Coriander, Dhanya Apiaceae - + 5 Cucurbita maxima Duch ex Pumpkin Kaddoo Cucurbitaceae + + Lam. 6 Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam. Sweet potato Shakarakand Convolvulaceae - + 7 Lagenariasiceraria(Molina) Bottle guard Laukee Cucurbitaceae + + Standl 8 Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb. Ridged guard Turee Cucurbitaceae + + 9 Luffacylindrica(L.) Spong gourd Spanjlaukee Cucurbitaceae + + M.Roem. 10 LycopersicumesculentumL. Tomato Tamatar Solanaceae + + 11 MomordicacharantiaL. Bitter Gourd Karela Cucurbitaceae - +

12 RhapanussativusL. Radish Moolee Brassicaceae - + 13 SolanummelongenaL. Brinjal Baingan Solanaceae - + 14 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. Pointed guard Parwal Cucurbitaceae - +

Farmers grow grains, legumes, and vegetables to feed their families and their livestock. But anything beyond that grown to make money would be a commercial crop. A checklist of commercial crops of the core and buffer zone is presented below in table :

Table 3.57: List of List of Commercial crops - Core & Buffer Zone Name of Sl. Engligh Common / Core Buffer Botanical Name Class / Name Hindi Name zone zone No. Family 1 Brassica nigra (L.) Mustard Sarason Brassicaceae + + K.Koch 2 CicerarietinumL. Chickpea Kaabuleechana Leguminosae + + 3 Oryza sativa L. Paddy Dhaan Poaceae + + 4 SesamumorientaleL. Sesame Til Pedaliaceae + + 5 Zea mays L. Maize Makka Poaceae + +

The study area has Garjanpahar (Adjacent) Jamkani RF, Ghogarpall RF, Lalma RF, Kalatpani RF, Balijori RF and Jhatikhol RF. Total forest land of the project is 349.71 Ha. Most of the land is uncultivated and uninhabited piece of land covered by trees and shrubs. It plays a vital role in the life and culture of the people. A checklist of natural vegetation of the core and buffer zone is presented below in table.

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Table 3.58: List of Natural Vegetation - Core Zone and Buffer Zone

Name of Sl. English Common / Core Buffer REET Botanical Name class / No. Name Hindi Name zone zone status Family Trees 1 Acacia Black wattle Leguminosa - + - auriculiformisBenth. e 2 Acacia nilotica(L.) Babul Babool Leguminosa + + - Willdex Delile e 3 Albiziaprocera(Roxb.) White sirish Safedsirish Leguminosa - - Benth. e 4 Albizialebbeck(L.) Sirish Shirish Leguminosa + + - Benth e 5 Alstoniascholoris(L.) Blackboard Saptaparni, Apocynacea - + - R.Br tree Chitvan e 6 Anogeissuslatifolia(Ro Axle Wood Dhonkda Combretace - + - xb. ex DC.) Wall. Tree ae exGuillem. &Perr 7 Artocarpusheterophyll Jack Kat Hal, Moraceae + + - usLam. 8 BoswelliaserrataRox 'Indian Salaidhoop Burseracea - + - b. exColebr. olibanum e 9 Buchananiacochinch Chironji Chhar Anacardiac + + - inensis (Lour.) Tree eae M.R.Almeida 10 Buteamonosperma(La Flame of Palash, Leguminosa + + - m.) Taub. the forest Dhak e 11 Cassia fistula L. Indian Amaltas Leguminosa + + - laburnum e 12 Chloroxylonswieteni East Indian Bhirra Rutaceae + + - aDC. satinwood 13 Diospyrosmelanoxylon Coromandel Tendu Ebenaceae - + - Roxb. ebony 14 FicusbenghalensisL. Banyan Bargad Moraceae + + - 15 FicusmollisVahl Donkey's Son pakhad Moraceae - + banyan 16 FicusracemosaL. Cluster Fig Goolar Moraceae + + - 17 FicusreligiosaL. Sacred fig Pipal Moraceae + + - 18 GmelinaarboreaRoxb. Beech wood Gamhar Lamiaceae - + - 19 Haldinacordifolia(Rox Haldu Karam Rubiaceae + + - b.) Ridsdale 20 Holopteleaintegrifoila( Indian elm arjan Ulmaceae + + - Roxb.) Planch 21 IxoraparvifloraLam White ixora Kotogandal Rubiaceae - + - 22 Lagerstroemia Small Dawra Lythraceae - + - parvifloraRoxb. Flowered Crape Myrtle 23 Lanneacoromandelica( Indian ash Mohin Anacardiac - + - Houtt.) Merr tree eae 24 Madhucalongifolia var. Indian Mahua Sapotaceae + + -

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Name of Sl. English Common / Core Buffer REET Botanical Name class / No. Name Hindi Name zone zone status Family latifolia(Roxb.) butter tree A.Chev. 25 MangiferaindicaL. Mango Aam, Anacardiac + + - eae 26 Phoenix sylvestris(L.) Wild Date Khajur Arecaceae - + - Roxb. Palm 27 PhyllanthusemblicaL. Emblicmyro Amla Phyllanthace - + - balan ae 28 Pithecellobiumdulce Manila Ganga imli Leguminosa + + - (Roxb.) Benth. tamarind e 29 PlumeriarubraL. Temple tree Golenchi Apocynacea - + - e 30 Pongamiapinnata(L.) Indian Karanjva Legumonos + + - Pierre beech ae 31 Salmaliamalabarica(D Silk cotton Salmale Bombacace - + - C) Schott &Endl. ae 32 Schleicheraoleosa(Lou Lac tree Kusum Sapindacea - + - r.) Oke e 33 ShorearobustaGaertn Sal sarai Dipterocar - + - . paceae 34 StreblusasperLour. Sand paper Sihora, Moraceae - + - tree 35 Syzygiumcuminii(L.) Rose apple Jamun Myrtaceae + + - Skeels 36 TectonagrandisL. Teak, saghvan Lamiaceae - + - 37 Terminaliaarjuna(Rox Arjun Arjun, mathi Combretace - + - b.) Wt&Arn. ae 38 TerminaliaalataWall. Laurel Asan Combretace - + - ae 39 Terminaliabellirica(Ga Belericmyro Bahera Combretace + + - ertn.) Roxb. balan ae 40 WrightiatinctoriaR.Br. Sweet Kutajau Apocynacea - + - Indrajao e 41 ZiziphusmauritianaLa Indian Ber Rhamnacea + + - mk. plum e Shrubs 1 AnnonasquamosaL. Custard Custard Annonacea + + - apple apple e 2 Calotropisgigantea(L.) Indian Indian Apocynacea + + - R.Br. mader mader e 3 Chromolaenaodorata( Jack in the Jack in the Asteraceae - + - L.) R.M.King&H.Rob. bush bush 4 Ipomoea carneaJace Bush besharam Convolvula + + - morning ceae glory 5 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Raimuniya Lamiaceae - + - 6 Phyllanthusreticulatus Black- Kanbojini Phyllanthace + + - L. Honey ae Shrub 7 RicinuscommunisL. Castor Arandi Euphorbiacea + + - e 8 SenegaliapennataMizo Climbing Biswal Leguminosae - + -

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Name of Sl. English Common / Core Buffer REET Botanical Name class / No. Name Hindi Name zone zone status Family wattle 9 Sennaalata (L.) Roxb. Candle bush Ergaj Leguminosae - + - 10 ThevetianeriifoliaJuss. Yellow Peelikaner Apocynaceae + + - exSteud. oleander 11 Vachelliafarnesiana(L. Sweet acacia Guhbaboool Leguminosae + - ) Wight &Arn. , 12 VitexnegundoL. Chaste Tree. Nirgundi Verbenacea - + - e 13 Woodfordiafruticosa Fire Flame Dhaiphool Lythraceae + + - (L.) Kurz Bush 14 Zizyphusoenoplia(L.) Small- Makora Rhamnacea - + - Miller Fruited e Jujube Climbers 1 Abrusprecatorius L. Crabs eye Ratti Leguminosa - + - e 2 Caesalpiniabonduc fever nut Kankarej, Leguminosa + + - (L.) Roxb. e 3 CappariszeylanicaL. Ceylon ardanda Capparace _ + - caper ae 4 CissampelospareiraL. False Pareira Padh Menisperm - + - Brava aceae 5 Dioscoreapentaphylla L. Five Leaf Kantaalu, Dioscoreac + + - Yam eae 6 Endosamararacemosa( - - Leguminosa + + - Roxb.) R.Geesink e 7 Hemidesmusindicus(L. Indian Anantmul Apocynacea + + - ) R. Br. ex Schult. sarsaparilla e

8 Ichnocarpusfrutescens Black Kali doddee Apocynacea + + - (L.) R.Br. Creeper e 9 OlaxscandensRoxb. Harduli Olacaceae 10 QuisqualiaindicaL. Rangoon Not Combretace + + - creeper available ae 11 Tinosporasinensis(Lou Malabar Giloy Menisperm - + - r.) Merr. Gulbel aceae 12 Vallarissolanacea(Rot Bread Not Apocynacea + + - h) Kuntze flower, available e 13 Ventilagomaderapatan Red Creeper Pitti Rhamnacea - + - aGaertn. e 14 Wattakakavolubilis(L.f Sneeze Wort dugdhive Apocynacea + + - ) Stap f e Herbs 1 AchyranthusasperaL. Prickly Chirchita Amarantha + + - Chaff ceae Flower 2 Alternantheraparony smooth .- Amarantha + + - chioides A.St.-Hil joyweed ceae 3 Alysicarpusvaginalis(L Alyce Chauli/Sauri Leguminos + + - .) DC Clover ae 4 Andrographispanicul Creat Kalmeg Acanthacea ataWall ex Nees e

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Name of Sl. English Common / Core Buffer REET Botanical Name class / No. Name Hindi Name zone zone status Family 5 Argemonemexicana L. Mexican Satyanashi Papavarace + + - poppy ae 6 Blumeaoxyodonta DC Spiny Creeping Asteraceae + + - Leaved blumea Blumea 7 Blumeaaxillaris(Lam.) Not Not Asteraceae + + - DC. available available 8 Canscoradiffusa(Vahl) Not Kilwar Gentianace + + - R.Br. ex Roem. available ae &Schult. 9 Cassia toraL. Stinking Panwar Leguminos - + - Cassia ae 10 Celosia argenteaL. silver cock's Common Amarantha - + - comb Cockscomb ceae 11 ColdeniaprocumbensL Creeping Tripunkhi Boraginace + + - . Coldenia ae 12 Dactylocteniumaegypti Indian millet Poaceae + + - um(L.) Willd. 13 Desmodiumtriflorum(L Threeflowert Kudalia Leguminos + + - .) DC icktrefoil ae 14 Ecliptaprostrata(L.) L. False Daisy Bringaraj Asteraceae - + - 20 Euphorbia hirtaL. Asthma Laldudhi Euphorbiac + + - Weed eae 21 Evolvulusalsinoides Dwarf Vishnugrant Convolvulac + + - (L.) L. Morning ha eae Glory 22 Evolvulusnummularius Roundleaf Not Convolvulac + + - (L.)L. Bindweed available eae 23 Hyptissuaveolens(L.) American Vilaititulasi Lamiaceae + + - Poit Mint 24 Leucasindica(L.) R.Br Not known Dronapushpi Lamiaceae + + - ex Vatke 25 Mimosa pudicaL. Touch me Lajjalu Leguminoa + + - not e 26 MollugopentaphyllaL. Carpet weed Jharasi Molluginac + + - eae 27 Pedilanthustithymaloid Devil's - Euphorbiac - + - es(L.) Poit. Backbone eae 28 Peristrophebicalyculat Not known Kali angedi Acanthacea + + - a(Retz.) Nees e 29 Pogostemonbenghalen Bengal ishwarjata Lamiaceae - + - sis(Burm.f.) Kuntze pogostemon 30 ScopariadulcisL. Sweet Mithipatti. Scrophulari - + - Broom aceae Weed, 31 SidaacutaL. Common Baraira Malvaceae + + - Wireweed 33 SidacordifoliaL. Bala Bariar Malvaceae + + - 34 SpermacocehispidaL. Shaggy Madanaghan Rubiaceae + + - Buttonweed ti 35 Spermacoceocymoides Purple Not Rubiaceae + + - Burm.f Leaved available

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Name of Sl. English Common / Core Buffer REET Botanical Name class / No. Name Hindi Name zone zone status Family Button Weed 36 Tephrosiapurpurea(L.) Common Sharpunka Leguminos + + - Pers Tephrosia ae 37 Triumfettarhomboidea Burr Bush, Chikti Malvaceae + + - eJacq. 38 Vanda tessellata Checkered perasara Orchidacea - + - (Roxb.) Hook. Ex Vanda e G.Don 39 Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur ChotaDhatur Asteraceae + + - L. a,

The forest found in this area is of dry deciduous type. In the absence of scientific management in the past, forests of the survey area have suffered from heavy felling. Biotic pressure exerted by human beings and domestic animals of surrounding areas is also high and degrading the forest land. The flora of the project is of common type and there are no rare and endangered species found in the core and buffer zone. The plants reported as endangered by some publications are found in abundance in some other geographies.

 Grass Lands No prominent grass land ecosystem is present in the study area. However, the grass lands is mixed with natural vegetation, forest patches in low lands and the cultivable waste lands are now being utilized as grazing grounds to the livestock species. A checklist of grass land species of the core and buffer zone is presented below in table.

Table 3.59 : List of Grass Land species in the core zone/buffer zone Sl. Engligh Common / Name of Core Buffer REET Botanical Name No. Name Hindi Name class / Family zone zone status 1 ApludamuticaL. Mauration Tachula Poaceae + + - grass 2 AristidasetaceaRetz. Broom - Poaceae + + - grass 3 Arundodonax L. Giant Reed Baranal Poaceae - + - 4 Bambusaarundinaceae Bamboo Bambu Poaceae + + - L. 5 Cynodondactylon (L.) Bermuda Durva Poaceae - + Pers. grass 6 Dactylocteniumaegypti Crow foot - Poaceae + + - um (L.) Willd. grass

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Sl. Engligh Common / Name of Core Buffer REET Botanical Name No. Name Hindi Name class / Family zone zone status 7 Eragrostisamabilis (L.) Love grass Bilaayateejau Poaceae + + - Wight &Arn. 8 Heteropogoncontortus Spear grass Kher, Poaceae + + - (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. Kumryaghas &Schult. 9 Imperatacylindrica (L.) Cogon - Poaceae + + _ Raeusch grass 10 SetariafaberiHerrm Japanese - Poaceae + + - bristlegrass Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature

The grass land species are of common type and there are no rare and endangered species found in the core and buffer zone.

 Plantation & Agro forestry species done by MCL / Villagers The agro forestry species developed in vacant farm lands and barren areas as a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land. It combines shrubs and trees of local varieties in agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound, and sustainable landuse systems. A checklist of the same is presented below in table

Table 3.60: List of Plantation done by MCL/Villagers

Sl. Name of the species No. Botanical English Hindi Family 1 Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Australian black Leguminosae - Benth wattle 2 Albizialebbeck (L.) Benth Sirish Shirish Leguminosae 3 Alstoniascholoris (L.) R.Br Blackboard tree Sowparni Apocynaceae 4 ArtocarpusheterophyllusLam. Jack Kat Hal, Moraceae 5 Azadirachtaindica (L.) A.Juss Neem Margosa Meliaceae 6 Cassia siamiaLamk Avenue cassia - Leguminosae 7 DalbergiasissooDC Sesam Leguminosae 8 Eucalyptus teriticornisSm. Blue gum Myrtaceae 9 FicusreligiosaL. Peepal Moraceae 10 GrevillearobustaA.Cunn ex R.Br. Silver oak Proteaceae 11 Madhucalongifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) Indian butter tree Mahua Sapotaceae A.Chev. 12 MangiferaindicaL. Mango Aam, Anacardiaceae 13 Peltophorumpterocarpum (DC) Baker Copper pod Leguminosae - ex Heyne 14 PhyllanthusemblicaL. Emblicmyrobalan Amla Phyllanthaceae 15 Pithecellobiumdulce (Roxb.) Benth. Manila tamarind Ganga imli Leguminosae

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Sl. Name of the species No. Botanical English Hindi Family 16 Pongamiapinnata (L.) Pierre Indian beech tree Karanj Leguminosae 17 PsidiumguajavaL. Guava amruth Myrtaceae 18 Syzygiumcuminii (L.) Skeels Rose apple Jamun Myrtaceae 19 Tectonagrandis L. Teak Sagon Lamiaceae 20 Terminaliabellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Belericmyrobalan Bahera Combretaceae 21 VitexnegundoL. Chaste Tree Samhalu Lamiaceae

 Aquatic Flora Core/Buffer Zone

Aquatic flora is identified by inspecting Basundhara River (Adjacent), Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, Bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor, water bodies, Ponds etc. of the survey area is presented below in table

Table 3.61: List of Aquatic Plants – Core/buffer Zone Common Sl. English Name of class Core Buffer REET Botanical Name / Hindi No. Name / Family zone zone status Name 1 Colocasiaesculenta (L.) Taro Arvi, Araceae + + - Schott Kachalu 2 CyperuscorymbosusRottb. - Nagar Cyperaceae - + + motha 3 Eichhorniacrassipes(Mart) Water - Pontederiaceae - + + Solms hyacinth 4 Hygrophilaringens (L.) R. Br. Wild - Acanthaceae + + - Ex Spreng. hygrophila 5 Ipomoea aquaticaForssk. Water Nali Convolvulacea + + - Morning Glory e 6 MarsileaquadrifoliaL. Four leaved Caupatiya Marsiliaceae + + - clover 7 Monochoriavaginalis Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae + + - (Burm.f.) C.Presl 8 NymphaeanouchaliBurm f Water lily Neelkama Nymphaeaceae + + - l 9 Nymphoidesindica (L.) Water Kumudini Menyanhaceae + + - Kuntze. Snowflake 10 Persicariaglabra (Willd.) Dense flower Bihagni + + - M.Gómez Knotweed 11 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Grene Jalapippali Bukkan Verbenaceae + + - 12 Typhadomingensis Pers. southern Patera Typhaceae + + - cattail Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature

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As there are no water bodies in Core zone, flora is not reported. The aquatic flora of the survey area is of common type and there are no rare and endangered species found in the core and buffer zone.

3.9.5 BASELINE STATUS OF FAUNA

Ecosystem is an integrated unit that contains both animals and plants whose survival is dependent on biotic and abiotic structure. Fauna of the project areas is classified in to Terrestrial and Aquatic flora. The baseline status of terrestrial and aquatic fauna is provided separately below:

 Core zone & Buffer Zone

 Terrestrial Fauna

Among the faunal groups avifauna of terrestrial inhabitants of passerine category birds are conspicuous in forest patches, agro-ecosystems of crop land habitats and plantations. The list of terrestrial Fauna in Core/Buffer Zone is presented below in table

Table 3.62: List of Terrestrial Fauna – Core/ Buffer Zone

Sl. Scientific Common / WAP, 1972 ICUN Core Buffer English Name No. Name Hindi Name Status Status Zone Zone Mammal Bandicota Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC + 1 bengalensis +

2 Canis aureus Jackal Geedhad II LC - + Funambulus Ground Squirrel Gilheri IV DD + 3 pennanti + Herpestes Indian Grey Nevlaa II LC + 4 edwardsi Mongoose + Black napped Lepus nigricollis Khargosh IV LC - 5 Hare +

6 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Bandar II LC + + Indian Field Mus booduga Chuha V LC - 7 Mouse + Common House Rattus rattus Chuha V LC + 8 Rat + Presbytis Common Languor Langur II LC - 9 entellus +

10 Sus scrofa Wild Pig Suar III LC - + 11 Vulpes Indian Fox Lomdi II LC - +

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Sl. Scientific Common / WAP, 1972 ICUN Core Buffer English Name No. Name Hindi Name Status Status Zone Zone bengalensis Birds Acridotheres 1 Common myna Myna IV LC + + tristis Small blue 2 Alcedo atthis Ramchiraya IV LC + + kingfisher 3 Apus affinis House Swift Babeela IV LC + + Indian pond 4 Ardeola grayii Andha bagula IV LC + + heron 5 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC + + 6 Columbia livia Pigeon Kabootar IV LC + + Corvus 7 Jungle crow Kauva IV LC + + macrorhynchos Corvus 8 House crow Kauva IV LC + + splendens Centropus 9 Crow pheasant Couckoo IV LC + + sinensis Charadrius Little ringed 10 dubius plover IV LC + + Coracias 11 benghalensis Indian roller Neelkanth IV LC + + Dendrocitta 12 vagabond Indian tree pie Mahalath IV LC + + Dicrurus 13 macrocercus Black drango Bhujanga IV LC + + Dinopium Common wood 14 benghalense pecker Katpodwa IV LC + + 15 Egretta alba Larger egret Bakula IV LC + + Eudynamys 16 scolopacea Indian Koel Koel IV LC + + Halcyon White-breasted 17 smyrnensis kingfisher Ramchiraya IV LC + + 18 Haliastur Indus Brahminy kite Cheel IV LC + + Merops 19 orientalis Small bee-eater Patena IV LC + + 20 Milvus migrans Black kite Cheel IV LC + + Passer 21 domesticus House sparrow Goreya IV LC + + Ploceus 22 philippinus Baya weaver Baya IV LC + + Psittacula Rose ringed 23 krameri parakeet IV LC + + Pycnonotus Red-vented 24 cafer bulbul Bulbul IV LC + + Streptopelia 25 chinensis Spotted dove Kabutar IV LC + + Asian pied 26 Sturnus contra starling Maina IV LC + + Turdoides 27 caudatus Common babbler Gaigai IV LC + +

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Sl. Scientific Common / WAP, 1972 ICUN Core Buffer English Name No. Name Hindi Name Status Status Zone Zone 28 Upupa epops Common hoopoe Hudhud IV LC + + Red-wattled 29 Vanellus indicus lapwing Titeeri IV LC + + Reptile Bungarus 1 Krait Sanmp II LC + + caeruleus Calotes II 2 Garden lizard Girgit LC + + versicolor Enhydris Smooth water II 3 Sanmp LC + + enhydris snake Naja tripudians II Common Cobra Sanmp LC + +

4 Natrix piscator Water Snake Sanmp II LC + + Zamenis II 5 mucosus Rat Snake Sanmp LC + +

Amphibian Bufo 1 melanostictus Common toad Medhak IV LC + + Euphlyctis 2 hexadactyla Common frog Medhak IV LC + + Butteflies 1 Danaus genutia Striped tiger Teetli (5) IV LC + + Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature

Apart from wildlife category the domesticated species like Goat (Capra aegagrus); Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis); Cow (Bos primigenius); Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were commonly found in villages.

The terrestrial Fauna of the survey area is of common type and there are no rare and endangered species found in the core and buffer zone. The population of fauna, especially mammals is found to below :

 AQUATIC FAUNA

There are no water bodies in the core zone. Aquatic flora is identified by inspecting Basundhara River, Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, Bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor, water bodies, Ponds etc. of the survey area is presented below in table 3.63.

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Table 3.63 : List of aquatic Fauna in the core zone/buffer zone Common / Scheduled Sl. Scientific English Hindi Status ( ICUN Core Buffer No. Name Name Name WAP, 1972) Status Zone Zone Fishes Catla 1 Catla Rohu NA LC + + catla Channa Spotted LC 2 Murrai NA + + punctatus murrel Clarias walking LC 3 Maggri NA + + batrachus catfish Labeo LC 4 Rohu Rohu NA + + rohita

Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature

It is observed that, as per the IUCN – Red Data Book (RDB) endangered, endemic and threaten species of fauna are not present within the survey area.

Table 3.64: Description of flora & fauna separately in the core and bufferzones

A. Flora Core Zone Buffer Zone Amaranthushybridus L. Capsicum annum L. Citrus limon(L.) Burm f Capsicum annum L. CoriandrumsativumL. Citrus limon(L.) Burm f Cucurbita maxima Duch ex Lam. Cucurbita maxima Duch ex Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam. Agricultural Lam. Lagenariasiceraria(Molina) 1. crops Lagenariasiceraria(Molina) Standl (Vegetables) Standl Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb. Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb. Luffacylindrica(L.) M.Roem. Luffacylindrica(L.) M.Roem. LycopersicumesculentumL. LycopersicumesculentumL. MomordicacharantiaL. RhapanussativusL. SolanummelongenaL. TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. Brassica nigra(L.) K.Koch CicerarietinumL. Commerical Oryza sativa L. 2. Oryza sativa L. crops Zea mays L. SesamumorientaleL. Zea mays L. 3. Plantation Table 3.60 Table 3.60 Natural 4. vegetation / Table 3.58 Table 3.58 forest type 5. Grass lands Table 3.59 Table 3.59 Endangered 6. None None species 7. Endemic species None None

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A. Flora Core Zone Buffer Zone

Others (specify) 8. (Type of trees) B. Fauna Core Zone Buffer Zone Total listing of 1. Table 3.62 Table 3.62 faunal elements Endangered 2. None None species 3. Endemic species None None Migratory 4. None None species Details of 5. aquatic fauna, if Table 3.63 Table.3.63 applicable

3.10 PLACES OF RELIGIOUS, HISTORICAL AND ARCHEO- LOGICAL IMPORTANCE

No such place exists in the study area of proposed OCP.

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Chapter–4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND CONTROL MEASURES ON AIR QUALITY

INTRODUCTION The impacts of mining and its allied activities have been assessed in respect of air, water, noise, land resources, socio-economic bio-diversity, etc.

4.1.1 AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Dust (PM10 and PM2.5) is the major emission from mining activities in coalfield area. Impact has been predicted for air quality taking PM10 and PM2.5 into consideration in and around the project area. The impact assessment has been carried out considering with the following points:

(i) Calculation of rate of generation of PM10 and PM2.5 using empirical formulae and emission factors for different mining operations developed by USEPA & Site specific emission rate developed by CMPDI and CMRI Dhanbad.

(ii) Air quality impact prediction (AQIP) using AERMOD 9.1.0.

(iii) The AQIP modeling has been carried out for the capacity of 8.75 MTY.

4.1.2 CALCULATION OF RATE OF GENERATION OF PM10 & PM2.5 FROM BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTN. OCP USING EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS

Activity-wise emission rates have been estimated. The formulae have been used to evaluate the emission rate for the mining activities and locations e.g. drilling, haul road, transportation road, loading, unloading, dozing on dumps and coal handling etc. Based on the above study, rate of generation of PM10 & PM2.5 from Basundhara (W) Extn. OCP for 8.75 MTPA has been calculated.

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 Consideration of production and population of equipment

(i) The production schedule of 8.75 MTPA with corresponding mine life of 12 years has been considered.

(ii) Total OB removal is 97.22 M.Cum.

(iii) The equipment, their capacity and population for 8.75 MTPA are given in chapter 2, para 2.15.

4.1.3 AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTION (AQIP) OF PM10 PM2.5 USING AERMOD MODEL

Air quality impact prediction (for PM10 & PM2.5) for this mine was carried out using “AERMOD Model” considering open pit, line and area sources. The model was applied to production of 8.75 Mty for with and without control measures.

The 98%tile PM10 at baseline stations, predicted incremental PM10

concentration and absolute PM10 at various receptors are given in the following table:

Table 4.1: Predicted and Absolute value of PM10 with control measures (Values in µg/cu. m)

Distance from Predicted incre. PM10 Predicted absolute boundary Measured using AQIP PM10 Baseline and PM Stations direction from 10 Without With Without With (98% tile) center of Core control control control control Zone measures measures measures measures (i) (ii) (iii) (i+ii) (i+iii) Telendih -- 98.42 29.61 21.59 128.03 120.01 Rampia 2.7 km, NW 85.00 1.72 0.97 86.72 85.97 Sumara 4.5 KM, N 81.80 2.54 1.58 84.34 83.38 Ghogharpali 3.30 KM,N 90.05 15.64 11.66 105.69 101.71 Mundelkhet 4.41 KM,W 90.25 6.92 4.97 97.17 95.22 Tikilipara 3.7 KM, SE 89.15 6.56 5.08 95.71 94.23 Chakarpur 4.14 KM, S 90.75 2.26 1.32 93.01 92.07 Kanikalan 6.9 KM, NE 89.72 0.38 0.37 90.1 90.09 Patrapalli 2.40 KM, S 85.52 3.71 2.68 89.23 88.2

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The 98%tile PM2.5 at baseline stations, predicted incremental PM2.5

concentration and absolute PM2.5 at various receptors are given in the following table:

Table 4.2: Predicted and Absolute value of PM2.5 with control measures

(Values in µg/cu. m)

Distance from Predicted incre. PM2.5 Predicted absolute boundary Measured using AQIP PM2.5 and Baseline PM2.5 direction from Without With Without With Stations (98% tile) center of Core control control control control Zone measures measures measures measures (i) (ii) (iii) (i+ii) (i+iii) Telendih -- 56.70 4.76 3.36 61.46 60.06 Rampia 2.7 km, NW 50.28 0.29 0.16 50.57 50.44 Sumara 4.5 KM, N 44.19 0.42 0.26 44.61 44.45 Ghogharpali 3.30 KM,N 50.76 2.51 1.82 53.27 52.58 Mundelkhet 4.41 KM,W 52.94 1.13 0.79 54.07 53.73 Tikilipara 3.7 KM, SE 48.38 1.09 0.83 49.47 49.21 Chakarpur 4.14 KM, S 56.55 0.38 0.21 56.93 56.76 Kanikalan 6.9 KM, NE 55.70 0.07 0.07 55.77 55.77 Patrapalli 2.40 KM, S 46.46 0.60 0.42 47.16 46.98

4.1.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

It has been observed that the maximum incremental value of PM10 was found at Telendih (core zone) as 29.61 µg/m3 without control measures and 21.59 µg/m3

with control measures. The absolute values of PM10 at Telendih village with control measures is observed as 120.01 µg/m3 which is well within the permissible limit of 250 µg/m3 as per coal mine standards.

In buffer zone also at all eight stations the value of PM10 and PM2.5 has been

observed well within permissible limit of NAAQS 2009 except value of PM10 at

Ghogharpali village. To further bring down the value of PM10 at Ghogharpali village, additional control measures (eg. Fog canon) will be deployed. Apart from this three tier green belt will also be developed at down wind direction to arrest the particulate matter.

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4.1.5 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures will be adopted for various operations like drilling operation, blasting operation, loading and transport, coal handling plant, fires at coalfaces and coal stock yard, OB dump(s) and workshop and stores, etc.

 Drilling Operation

All drills will be equipped with dust extractors and wet drilling will be done in all drilling operation.

 Mining & Blasting operation

. Major Coal production will be done by blast free environmental friendly Surface Miner. . Controlled blasting will be done to minimize generation of dust.

 Loading & transporting

. Surfacing all service roads by asphalt. . Un-metaled roads shall be kept free of ruts. . Provision has been made for instant shower system. . Development of greenbelt. . Provision of silo system. . Covering of coal transportation trucks with tarpaulin at top and bottom. . Regular cleaning of coal transportation road.

 Coal handling plant & transportation system

. Suppression of dust by fixed sprinklers in all critical points. . Provision of fog canon system.

 Fires at coalfaces, coal stock yard

. Provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements. . Storage of water at all critical points. . Regular supervision. Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 4

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 OB dumps

. Blanketing with OB materials to put off the oxygen supply

 Workshop & store

. Proper ventilation system.

4.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND CONTROL MEASURES ON HYDROLOGY & HYDRO-GEOLOGY

The adverse impacts are changes in ground water flow patterns, lowering of water table, changes in the hydrodynamic conditions of river/underground recharge basins, reduction in volumes of subsurface discharge to water bodies / rivers, disruption & diversion of water courses / drainages, contamination of water bodies, affecting the yield of water from bore wells and dug-wells, etc.

Knowledge of mining impact on ground water is requisite while deciding and designing to protect surface water bodies. Predicted mining impact on water is broadly classified as:

4.2.1 QUANTITATIVE IMPACT & CONTROL MEASURES ON WATER 4.2.1.1 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES FOR DISRUPTION OF NATURAL DRAINAGE NETWORK LOCATED IN THE CORE ZONE

The drainage system of the area will be undisturbed as there is no proposed nallah diversion.

4.2.1.2 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT SURFACE WATER BODIES FROM SILTATION AND CHOKING OF WATER COURSES RESULTING IN SCARCITY OF SURFACE WATER AND FLOODING PROBLEM IN THE AREA

The drainage arrangement for smooth disposal of storm water from external overburden dump is extremely essential to avoid gully formation on the dump body and also siltation problem of the nearby natural drains. The following steps will be followed for effective drainage:

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 Drainage arrangement for External OB Dumps . Catch drain An open drain of appropriate size will be provided on all terraces at the foot of next bench to receive the storm water from upper benches. This will be then discharged to the lower benches through masonry chute, thus minimizing gully formation in the slope of external dump. . Foot drain A foot drain of proper size will be provided around the external OB dump (portion exposed to outside only). This drain will collect run-off from dump and direct it to settling tank/sedimentation pond before discharge to nearby natural water courses.

 Drainage arrangement for Internal OB dumps

A part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain predetermined reduced level, the plots will be leveled graded and cleared of large stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and leveled area will be divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain moisture and humus in the soil. The drainage arrangements for precipitation run-off are as follows:

. During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal dump by foot drain for diverting to mine sump for pumping. . In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed area will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the quarry as a measure for water harvesting.

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4.2.1.3 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT SURFACE WATER BODIES FROM REDUCTION AND CHANGES IN STORM RUN-OFF OR SURFACE RUN-OFF WATER COURSES

When the opencast mine is commissioned, garland drain will be provided around the excavation boundary to guard against mine inundation due to rainfall run- off or storm run-off. Mine water generated from excavation area by direct rainfall will be pumped time to time for safe mine operation after meeting the internal requirement.

4.2.1.4 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT DECLINING OF GROUND WATER LEVEL FROM EARLY DRYING UP OF SURFACE WATER BODIES LIKE PONDS, LAKES & STREAM FLOW

There is an intricate relationship between surface water and ground water. In the monsoon time, till the aquifer attains its original ground water level, the surface water bodies like stream flow, ponds & lakes recharge the aquifer. As soon as the ground water recoups and attains its level, the groundwater contributes water to the surface water bodies. After post-monsoon period, this process is reversed again as the ground water level gets lowered from the original level. This recharge and discharge system of the area brings surface water and ground water relationship complicated. The water balance studies of this area unties the above said intricate relationship of surface and ground water.

Considering the hydrogeological set-up of the area, the estimated radius of influence from the available hydrogeological parameter will be 57 mts due to mine dewatering. This mine dewatering would bring down the ground water level in the immediate vicinity of the mine. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated effluents totally to the extent possible by keeping the makeup water in different sumps or lower bench of the mine as a measure for ‘rain water harvesting’ in the project. In unusual situations during monsoon, mine discharge water will be allowed to go as recharge/run-off in the same basin of the area. The backfilling operation of mining will restore water level in the immediate vicinity of the excavation area by arresting mine seepage.

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4.2.2 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ON WATER

Mining and its related activities create water quality problems. These problems are identified and the likely sources of water pollution from this project along with the type of pollutants are follows: (a) Sanitary (domestic) waste water. (b) Industrial wastewater from workshop -- Suspended solids, oil & grease. (c) Waste water from mine -- Suspended solids of coal, clay and oil. (d) Surface run-off passing through coal stockpiles -- Suspended solids (e) Storm water from leasehold area and built-up area -- Suspended solids.

4.2.2.1 EFFECTIVE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES ON QUALITY ARE TAKEN/SHALL BE CONTINUED AT THE PROPOSED MINE KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN VIEW

. Sufficient safeguards during the planning stage to make the project eco- friendly from water pollution control point of view. . Recycling of wastewater after appropriate treatment to achieve "zero discharge" to the extent possible at some sources. . Conforming to the limits of the Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2000 (“Schedules-VI”, General Standards for discharge of environmental pollutants, Part-A : Effluents) for quality of the treated effluent.

4.2.2.2 SANITARY (DOMESTIC) WASTE WATER

About 80% of the total consumption will contribute to sanitary waste water which will be treated mainly for total suspended solids (TSS) and bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD). Therefore, depending upon the pollution load in the domestic effluent, a suitable treatment scheme with sedimentation tank for TSS and aeration facilities for BOD will be formulated out (Fig.-4.1) and commissioned for the project as and when needed. Treated water will be utilized for watering the plants. Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) will be provided for domestic waste. Water balance flow-chart is given in Figure 4.1

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Figure 4.1: Water balance flowchart on peak demand of Basundhara West Extn. OCP

Water balance flowchart on Peak Demand (Basundhara West Extn. OCP)

Water supply scheme and treated effluent from the project 2010 m3/day Potable water consumption Industrial consumption

500 m3/day 190 m3/day 1320m3/day

Potable Water Supply for Industrial Effluent Fire Fighting and Residential Colony & Service Treatment Plant Dust Suppression Buildings

3 3 150 m3/day 400 m /day 100 m /day

Domestic Losses Treated clear water for Treatment Plant reuse

280 m3/day Treated clear water for watering of plantation area

Sludge for landfill or farmyard manure

4.2.2.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FROM WORKSHOP

Industrial wastewater will be suitably treated in a plant (Fig.-4.2) consisting of pre and post-settling chambers/tanks and oil and grease trap (OGT). The treated effluent from this plant will be collected in a tank for recycling the same for industrial use resulting in ‘zero discharge’. The sludge collected from the settling chamber will be disposed off as landfill in the decoaled area. Oil and grease manually reclaimed from the trap will be stored in drums safely for disposal through auction. Oily sludge will be disposed off in the impervious layer lined pit.

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4.2.2.4 WASTE WATER FROM MINE

Mine discharge water will be collected in a sump pit located in the mine floor from where it will be pumped out and diverted to mine discharge treatment plant (MDTP) consisting of oil and grease trap and sedimentation pond(s) with chemical dozing arrangement to arrest suspended solids and oil and grease. Then, treated water will be used for dust suppression in haul road and CHP besides washing of dumpers and/or dozers in workshop. The sludge collected from the pond(s) will be utilized as landfill in the decoaled area. The oily sludge from oil and grease trap(s) will be disposed off in the impervious layer lined pit. Oil and grease recovered manually from the trap(s) will be stored in drums safely for disposal through auction. Effort will be made to keep the balance make up water in the lower benches of the mine as a measure for “Rain Water Harvesting”. In unusual situations during monsoon, mine discharge will be allowed to go as recharge / run-off in the same basin of the area.

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Figure 4.2: Proposed Flow Sheet for Domestic and Effluent Treatment Plant

Manual recovery Coagulant dozing of oil & grease Mine discharge water (from mine sump) Industrial effluent from workshop Oil and Grease Trap Flash Mixer

Settling Tank Water for reuse for industrial purpose Settling Tank Pump(s) Treated Water Tank Flow Sheet for Intragrated Treatment Plant for Mine Discharge Water and Industrial Effluent

Treated Domestic effluent from Overflow effluent for residential colony irrigation of Pump(s) gardens Screen Channel Collection Well Aeration Tank Clarifier

Underflow to Underflow

Sludge for disposal as Tank Aeration Pump(s) farmyard manure Sludge Drying Bed(s)

Flow Sheet for Domestic Effluent Treatment Plant

Fig.-I

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4.2.2.5 SURFACE RUN-OFF

(a) From OB dumps

The surface run-off from the OB dump will be collected in garland drain of appropriate size provided at the foot. The foot drain will carry water to a sedimentation pond from where the overflow would be directed into natural drain through controlled discharge outlets. The overflow will be monitored regularly for TSS to enable corrective actions before water meets the natural water ways.

(b) From coal dumps

Drains will be provided around the coal dumps to collect run-off for diverting into sedimentation ponds before discharge into natural water courses.

4.2.2.6 STORM WATER

To prevent inrush of precipitation run-off from the outside area to the quarry, storm water drains of suitable dimensions will be provided at appropriate locations with outlets to natural water courses. Settling tanks/ponds will be provided in the storm water drains at convenient locations to take care of suspended solids.

4.2.2.7 MEASURES FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGING

. The decoaled voids will be used for water harvesting structures. . The backfilling will arrest the mine seepage resulting restoration of ground water in the immediate vicinity of the area. . The unlined garland drain and sedimentation pond will enhance the run- off recharge. . Further, sufficient available rainfall recharge of aquifers will supplement the restoration of ground water regime of the surrounding area.

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4.2.3 WATER BALANCE

Table-4.3: Gross Annual Groundwater Draft for ‘All uses’ in Buffer Zone

GROUNDWATER DRAFT Mcum 1. NET IRRIGATION USE i. For 1384 Ha area 1.64 ii. Return flow to Groundwater system (25%) (-) 0.41 Net irrigation use 1.23

2. COMMUNITY USE i. Total population 35376 (@ 70 lpcd for 365 days) 0.90 ii. For cattle population (10% of item i): 0.09 Mine use (mine water) iii. 1.71 (for all mines falling in the buffer zone)

Total Community use 2.70

3. NET ANNUAL MINE DISCHARGE Total Mine Pumping in the Area i 4.35 (for all mines falling in the buffer zone) ii Mine Use (-) 1.71 iii Total discharge after mine use 2.64 iv 20% return flow to Groundwater system (-) 0.53 v Net mine discharge in the area 2.11 GROSS ANNUAL GROUNDWATER DRAFT FOR ‘ALL USES’ 4 6.04 IN BUFFER ZONE

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Table-4.4: Groundwater Recharge Estimation of Buffer Zone (As Per GEC’97) i) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone by Rainfall Infiltration Method

Description of items 1. Area Sedimentary (sq.km) 259.20 Hard Rock (sq.km) 138.25 2. Normal Rainfall during a. Monsoon season (in mm) 1192.2 b. Non-monsoon season (in mm) 130.2 c. Is non-monsoon season rainfall as a percentage of normal annual rainfall greater No* (9.85%) than 10% (yes/no) (*Then Non-monsoon Rainfall Recharge will also not be taken) Sedimentary Hard Rock 3. Rainfall infiltration factor 12% 8% 4. Rainfall recharge in Buffer zone by Rainfall Hard Sedimentary Total Infiltration Factor Method Rock a. Monsoon season (Mcum) 37.01 13.16 50.17 [ (1) * (2a) * (3) ] b. Non-monsoon season (M.Cum) [ = Nil if (2c) is ‘No’ - - - = (1) * (2b) * (3) if (2c) is ‘Yes’ ] Total 37.01 13.16 Gross Rainfall Recharge (Mcum) 50.17

ii) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone by Water Level Fluctuation Method during monsoon season

Description of items Sedimentary Hard Rock 1. Area (sq.km) 259.2 138.25 2. Water Table Fluctuation (m) 3.17 2.21 3. Specific Yield 4% 3% 4. Change in Groundwater Storage 32.87 9.17 [ (1) * (2) * (3) ] (M cum) 5. Total (M cum) 42.04 6. Gross groundwater Draft for ‘All Uses’ during monsoon season (M cum) (from Table: 1.60 7.v.1.d.) 7. Gross Rainfall Recharge (M cum) 43.64 [ (5) + (6) ]

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CMPDI iii) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone after comparing results from Water Level Fluctuation Method and Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method during monsoon season Description of items Quantity 1. Rainfall Recharge during monsoon season in Buffer Zone a. By Water Level Fluctuation Method (Mcum) 43.64 b. By Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method (Mcum) 50.17 2. Difference between (1a) and (1b) expressed as a percentage of (1b), ‘PD’ -13.02% [{(1a) – (1b)/ (1b)}*100] 3. Rainfall Recharge in the Buffer Zone during monsoon season (Mcum) [ = (1a) if ‘PD’ is between -20 and +20% 43.64 = 0.8 * (1b) if ‘PD’ is less than -20% = 1.20 * (1b) if ‘PD’ is greater than +20% ] iv) Net Annual Groundwater Availability in Buffer Zone

Description of items (Mcum) 1. Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone a. During Monsoon season ( Rainfall Infiltration Method ) 43.64 b. During Non-monsoon season (Rainfall Infiltration Method) NIL (from Table: 4.4.i.4.b) c. Annual [ (1a) + (1b) ] 43.64 2. Recharge from ‘Other Sources’ a. During Monsoon season 1.54 i. Return flow to Groundwater system (20%) through mine discharge (from Table: 6.3.) 0.17 ii. Recharge through water bodies in the area: (6.52 sq km x 0.0014 m/d x 150) 1.37 b. During Non-monsoon season 2.73 i. Return flow to Groundwater system (25%) through irrigation (from Table: 6.1.ii.) 0.41 ii. Return flow to Groundwater system (20%) through mine discharge (from Table: 6.3.) 0.36 iii. Recharge through water bodies in the area: 1.96 (6.52 sq km x 0.0014 m/d x 215) c. Total Annual [ (2a) + (2b) ] 4.27 3. Gross Annual Groundwater Recharge [ (1c) + (2c) ] 47.91 4. Natural discharge and other losses a. [ 5% * (3) ] if rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by 2.40 ‘Water table Fluctuation Method’ b. [ 10% * (3) ] if rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed NIL by ‘Rainfall Infiltration factor Method’ 5. Net Annual Groundwater Availability in Buffer Zone [ (3) – (4) ] 45.51 6. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft for all uses in Buffer Zone 6.04 Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge (Net Annual 7. 39.47 Groundwater Availability – Gross Annual Groundwater Draft)

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v) Gross Groundwater Draft for all uses in Buffer zone

Monsoon Non-monsoon Description of items Total Season season 1. Gross Groundwater Draft of the Buffer Zone (Mcum) (Mcum) (Mcum) [ from Table No – 4.3] a. Irrigation Draft - 1.23 1.23 b. Community Water Draft 0.90 1.80 2.70 c. Industrial Draft (Net Mine Discharge) 0.70 1.41 2.11 d. ‘All Uses’ 1.60 4.44 [ (1a) + (1b) + (1c) ] 2. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft for ‘All uses’ in Buffer Zone 6.04 Mcum [sum of monsoon and non-monsoon season]

vi) Stage of Groundwater Development in Buffer Zone

Description of items Buffer Zone 1. Stage of Groundwater Development a. Net Groundwater Availability (Mcum) (from Table: 4.4.iv.5.) 45.51 b. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft (Mcum) (from Table: 4.4.v.2.) 6.04 c. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge 39.47 d. Stage of Groundwater Development [ {(1b) / (1a)} * 100 ] 13.27%

Table-8: Groundwater Balance of Core Zone

A. Ground Water Recharge Mcum Recharge through rainfall in geographical area (Rg) 0.51 (3.22 sq.km x 1.3224 m rainfall x 12% infiltration) Gross Recharge (Rg): 0.51 Natural discharges & other losses (10% of Rg): (-) 0.05 Net Annual Ground water Recharge: 0.46 B. GROUNDWATER DRAFT Mine Pumping 1.30 20% return flow to Groundwater system (-) 0.26 Net mine discharge in the area 1.04 Industrial water consumption of mine will be fulfilled through mine

pumping Net Annual Groundwater Draft 1.04 C. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge (A-B) -0.58

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CMPDI

The net groundwater availability and ground water draft are estimated as 45.51 Mm3 and 6.04 Mm3 respectively for this area. Moreover, it is found from the water balance study that the balance annual groundwater recharge comes to about 39.47 Mm3 after considering mine discharge, domestic as well as cultivation requirements of the area. Hence, it is estimated that there is surplus water available per annum from the ground water annual recharge after catering to the future requirement in the buffer zone.

However, in the core zone, the extraction of ground water by mining will be 1.04 Mm3 per annum, which is more than the annual rainfall recharge (0.46 Mm3). This balance quantum (0.58 Mm3) of over extraction will be met through the surrounding strata (buffer zone) as the water bearing geological strata cannot be viewed in isolation, as core zone is <5% of its buffer zone area.

Groundwater balance diagram and Water usage diagram is given in Figure 4.3, and 4.4 respectively

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Figure 4.3: Groundwater balance flow diagram of buffer zone, Basundhara West Extn. OCP

Precipitation (A) (All Values are in M.Cu.m) Evaporation

Evapotranspiration 1322.4 mm

Land System Surface Runoff Nearby Old Abandoned (397.45 sq.km) quarry/peripheral village pond/Agriculture field

Specific Yield Sedimentary 4.0% Hard rock: 3%,  Oil & Grease Trap Net Irrigation use (1.23) Natural Discharges & 5% Gross annual Net Draft Sedimentation Industrial use other losses of Rg (10.08) Groundwater Net Mine Tank /Filter (2.40) Domestic use Soak Pit Recharge (Rg) Discharge Plant

(47.91) (2.11)

Community use Balance Annual Available (2.70) Groundwater Resource (39.47)

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Figure 4.4: Water usage diagram of Basundhara West Extn. OCP (All Values are in m3 / day)

MINE DISCHARGE

2989 m3/day

Sedimentation and filtration 2391 m3/day 20% loss 2391 m 3 /d Industrial Need

HEMM Washing/ Workshop 3 needs /floor washing 190 m /day 190 m 3 /day

Fire f ighting Service Sedi mentation Pond/ Tank/Old 394 m3/day Tank 1019 m3/day quarry 394 m 3 /day 20% Infiltration loss (815 m3/day) 3 2391 m /day

H aul road watering /Dust Suppression 788 m3/day /water losses 3 788 m /day

Irrigation, Water supply & oth er uses

in peripheral villages

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4.2.4 GROUNDWATER STAGE DEVELOPMENT Coal mining is the major industrial activity in the area. CGWB, South Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar has reported the stage of ground water development in Hemgir development block (where Basundhara West Extn. OCP exist), Sundergarh district as 15.05 % and identified the region with category “Safe”. The ground water development in Sundergarh district was reported as 26.14 % and identified under the category of “Safe”. Stage of groundwater development for buffer zone of the project area determined is about 13.27 %, which is also under ‘safe’ category.

4.2.5 WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PROJECT

Water demand Quantity (KLD) Potable 500 Industrial (including fire-fighting) 1510 Total 2010

4.2.6 PREDICTED MINE WATER INFLOW AND DISPOSAL

Table 4.5: Predicted Inflow (Mm3/annum) Source Predicted Inflow (Mm3/annum)

Seepage from strata and surrounding, etc. 1.09

The waste water from mine will be collected in a sump pit located in the mine floor from where it will be pumped out and diverted to a sedimentation pond to arrest suspended solids. Then, the clear water will be recycled for industrial use, fire fighting, watering of plants and dust suppression in haul road besides washing of dumpers or dozer in workshop. The pumping of mine water during mining in Basundhara West Extn. OCP will not adversely affect the ground water regime in the

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CMPDI surrounding area due to availability of sufficient replenishable annual ground water recharge in the area. As a matter of fact, the mine make-up water will be conserved in the lower benches as a step for rain water harvesting to meet project water requirement.

4.2.7 CONCLUSION

The following conclusion is drawn from the above study:

 Mining operation will create voids or depressions, which are inducing or accelerating rainfall recharge and run-off in the mining area.

 After considering mine discharge, domestic as well as cultivation requirements, the balance annual groundwater recharge comes to about 39.47 Mm3/annum.

 Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated effluents totally to the extent possible by keeping the make-up of water in different sumps or low lying area of the project.

4.3 NOISE QUALITY 4.3.1 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT The major adverse impacts during pre-mining and mining phases are generation of obnoxious levels of noise & vibrations which also spread in neighbouring communities. The other impacts are occupational health hazards, damage to structures, disruption in wildlife, etc.

 NOISE PRODUCING SOURCES

The sources of noise will be: . Drilling operation in OB . Blasting for overburden . Operation of HEMMs . Operation of equipment in CHP, workshop, etc.

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The noise associated with mining activities may be classified into three types: . Continuous . Intermittent . Impulse

 IMPACT OF NOISE

The workmen associated with the operation of HEMMs, etc. will experience a noise level above stipulated 90 dB (A) [DGMS Circular, No.18 (Tech.) of 1975] for more than 4-4.5 hours per shift. Unless suitable mitigatory measures are taken, high noise pollution will have impact on the workmen. It is worthwhile to mention that intermittent and impulse noises are considered to be less dangerous than continuous noise due to the short exposure duration except under the situation when the level exceeds 115 dB (A).

4.3.2 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

The following control measures shall be taken: . Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built mechanisms like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise generating parts and shock absorbing pads at the foundation of vibrating equipment. . Routine maintenance of equipment. . Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery. . Greenbelts around the quarry, infrastructure sites, service building area and township besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads to maintain noise level at night time within the limit for the inhabited localities situated at a very close proximity. . Locating township away from noise centre. . HEMMs with sound proof cabins. . Provision of isolation for vibrating equipment (both fixed and mobile) foundation.

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. Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise areas. . Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.

4.4 RISKS AND HAZARDS

Risks and hazards arise mainly from blasting and mine occupational activities and are well established.

4.4.1 IMPACT ON BLASTING VIBRATION

Blasting may affect the mineworkers as well as people residing in the vicinity of mine and dependent upon the type & quantity of explosives used pit geology, topography and confinement of the blast.

 Measures for safe blasting

Due attention will be given to the following factors:

(a) All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed.

(b) Overcharging will be avoided and quantity of explosive will be decided as per conditions imposed by DGMS.

(c) Stemming material to be used is sand. However, the drill cuttings and chips of triangular shape can be used as an effective stemming material with proper packing.

(d) Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube initiation system, between rows and between holes in the same row.

(e) Blasting will be done in day time during the shift change over period as per requirement. However, the frequency of blasting will depend upon the availability of land (tenancy in particular), DGMS permission for use

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of explosive, meteorological condition, geo-mining condition and method of mining.

(f) Before blasting is done, warning sound is given so that people can move to safe places.

4.4.2 BLASTING AND VIBRATION CONTROL MEASURES

. Proper conformation to measures for safe blasting as mentioned above, to avoid damage to any structure or annoyance to the people in the colony area or neighbouring villages. . Proper design factor will be taken while constructing various structures for stability against vibration. . A blasting danger zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry. This zone will be kept free from village habitation and community infrastructure and thus impact of vibration after blasting on the surface structures is avoided. . Controlled blasting will be done near built-up areas and surface features, as and when required. . Adoption of present day technology of use of site mixed slurry (SMS) explosives.

4.5 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE

The major adverse impact is the displacement and rehabilitation / resettlement of affected people including change in culture, heritage & related features. The crime and illicit activities also prop-up due to sudden economic development of the area.

POSITIVE IMPACTS:  The project is likely to give a boost to the economy of the area and providing primary and secondary sectors employment to local people.

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 Project will lead to development of ancillary industries and an overall economic growth of nearby towns to supplement the population of the area.  Project proponent will ensure to connect even last people with the infrastructural facility like educational, health, road etc in the locality.  Social-economic aspects of local inhabitants will be dealt with CSR activities in the region as per the schedule VII activities of Company Act, 2013.

NEGATIVE IMPACTS:  There are two villages (Ratansara & Gopalpur(P)) that fall within the Core zone of the project in which 316 Project affected Families (PAFs) are to be rehabilitated and resettled (R&R). It will also affect the social structures of the villages.  There will be transformation of many aspects of human life like social structures, livelihood pattern, health institution, education etc which is subject to realization and behavioral change of the PAFs.

4.5.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC MITIGATION MEASURES:

A) Resettlement/Rehabilitation

This is a new mine. The R&R are being carried out under the direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.

Table 4.6: R&R Implementation Status

Total Entitle for Total Monetary Project Employment MC Cat Resettlement Employment PAFs Compensation Affected Provided Paid benefits Persons I 90 90 55 35 234 40 Telendih 30 (Part of III 6 0 4 2 16 0 village Gopalpur) 96 90 59 37 250 40 30 Other displaced 9 0 0 0 33 families TOTAL 105 90 59 37 283 The compensation roll of village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide Ratansara order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on 16.01.2016 & partial survey (Part) was completed, rest has been left due to agitation of villagers.

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B) Secondary Employment opportunities

There will be spontaneous economic stimulus in the area with the commencement of expansion of opencast mine. Traders and private enterprises will grow in the area with this economic growth. Besides, the State exchequer will derive financial revenues through levy of royalty, sales tax etc. and Central Government will also be benefited by way of Central Sales Tax, Income Tax, Cess‘s etc.

C) Educational Facilities

There are 87 primary schools, 45 middle schools, 18 secondary schools, 5 Senior Secondary School, 1 ITI and 3 colleges etc educational institutions in the study area. Project proponent will look after the skill development needs of the people through CSR activities.

D) Medical Facilities

There are 1 CHC, 15 primary health sub centre and 1 maternity & child welfare centre, 5 dispensary etc are located in the area. There is one dispensary and one hospital of project proponent are also operating in the area.

Every worker is to be periodically checked up once in every five years keeping proper record of their health profile including X-ray and laboratory tests by establishing and extending pathological facilities. The importance of such periodical medical examination is to detect and prevent occupational diseases like Pneumoconiosis and Tuberculosis. The mining activities expose workers to some injuries and health hazards. Incidence of occupational disease and injuries and health hazards has not been recorded in those health centers / hospitals.

E) Preventive measures: -

The project proponent authorities have adopted following measures to prevent occupational diseases and health hazards.  Pre-employment, pre-placement and periodic medical examination of employees.  Regular monitoring of working environment and implementation of safety and control measures, to prevent hazards.

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 Use of protective equipments, clothing, helmets, Gas mask, shoes, etc.  Periodical medical examination of every worker is done to detect preventable and curable diseases at an early stage.

Status of CSR In Basundhara Area Sector wise CSR Expenditure in respect of Basundhara Area, project proponent for the financial Year 2015-16 to 2018-19.

Table 4.7: Sector wise CSR expenditure details for last four years

CSR Expenditures of Basundhara Area for the period 2015-16 to 2018-19 (Amount in lakhs)

Sl No Head 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

1 Drinking Water 62.22 9.33 9.69 24.21 2 Education 36.37 16.53 19.21 27.5 3 Healthcare 2.01 0.95 0.87 69.99 4 Road 816.12 590.37 5.02 125.68 5 Rural Sports, arts and culture 17.41 14.63 12.43 12.65 6 Others 49.98 716.43 433.9 68.78 Total 984.11 1348.24 481.12 328.81

In FY 2018-19, there is Rs. 328.81 lakhs which has been successfully spent under the CSR to take care the community residing in the Basundhara area.

Areas to be covered under the CSR activities: 1. Supply of water for drinking and domestic use in the nearby villages. 2. Education facility is to be enhanced in the area to improve the education level of the villagers. It is also needed that a facilitator in the school may also improve the quality of teaching and will be interactive and participatory. 3. Medical facilities in the area is to be enhanced so that symptoms of illness may be reduced. 4. It is required to work on the cleanliness and toilet construction in the area as open defecation is prevalent in the area. 5. There is need to develop places for community use like community centres, play ground etc.

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6. It is also need of the time to connect the villagers to different skill development and livelihood programmes so that economical condition can be improved and quality of life. 7. It is also needed that to do forward linkage of the finished goods of the nearby areas.

4.6 IMPACT ON BIO-DIVERSITY

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.

Possible Impacts

The major adverse impacts due to pre-mining and mining phases are loss of habitat, biodiversity, flora & fauna, fisheries & other aquatic life, migration of wildlife and overall disruption of the ecology of the area. Due to mining activity, the land use will undergo progressive changes involving quarrying, transportation etc. The physical and / or biological reclaimed land would undergo transformation over time which would have positive impact on environment.

As per Simpsons biodiversity index, the Core zone values ranged between 0.33 - 0.72, which is lower than buffer zone forest 0.72 - 0.80. This suggests that there are more species in the buffer zone of the study area. The values calculated through this index reflects the good biodiversity in the study area as a whole. Therefore, due to mining activities, there would be direct as well as indirect impact on ecology and biodiversity. The Project Proponent therefore needs to provide adequate measures for minimizing the impact on biodiversity and also carry out extensive plantation and afforestation in an open areas for creating and augmenting natural resources.

It is found that both core and buffer zones are found to be free from endangered / endemic species of Flora and Fauna, migratory species of Fauna, migratory corridors, breeding and spawning grounds are not present within the survey area of the project. However, the buffer zone has several patches of natural forest

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CMPDI which needs to be conserved and extensive afforestation plan is recommended for augmenting natural resources.

In the area mining activities are going on. The population of fauna, especially mammals is found to be low. So there will be no adverse impact on the fauna existing in the project impact zone.

4.6.1 IMPACT ON FLORA

The core zone vegetation is partially natural, remaining are agricultural lands predominantly paddy cultivated. The wild vegetation is denuded by the neighbouring villagers. Only few sporadic trees (Mahua, tendu, kadam, neem, mango) present. Invaded shrubs like Chromolaena, wild sponge guard, are frequently present. The buffer zone vegetation contains some patches of Sal forest, agriculture lands and a small hill range forest. The natural ecosystem will be disturbed in the core zone area because of the mining project. When the project is started, the people living in the core zone area will start using the bio resources of the buffer zone area, which leads some impact on the natural ecosystem of the buffer zone.

4.6.2 IMPACT ON FAUNA

The Project area comes under IB valley Coalfield, where mining activities are prevalent since last many years. There were no major faunal habitats in the proposed mining area. During survey, it was observed that endangered, endemic and migratory species were not present in the study area. Also, migratory corridors, flight paths and spawning grounds were not present in the study area. However, Post mining phase it is suggested to reclaim the mine spoil area through adequate technical & biological reclamation methods, so that the vegetation will support habitat development for various types of faunal species.

4.6.3 CONTROL MEASURES

4.6.3.1 CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT ON FLORA

. The enhancement of forest area occurs due to measures like biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation, compensatory afforestation creation of greenbelt and avenue plantation.

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. Water body created by the final voids is beneficial to flora as the area is prone to water scarcity.

. This project will have no detrimental impact on diversity of floral species within terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

4.6.3.2 CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE IMPACT ON FAUNA

. The balance in the regional population will be maintained in natural course, owing to existing undisturbed forest areas in the vicinity of the project. The increase in green cover due to implementation of various measures like biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation adopted by the mine establishment will be an added bonus, though expected in distant future.

. The mine will be a “zero-discharge” one. If required, water is discharged only after suitable treatment. No adverse impact on downstream aquatic life of surface water courses is expected.

. The project is not likely to have impact on the faunal species diversity within the terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

4.6.4 SPECIES COMPOSITION FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

. Creation of a greenbelt with local species will enhance the project area. The greenbelt should be developed around the quarry, infrastructure sites, service building area and township besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads. . The purpose of a green belt around the mining site is to capture the fugitive emissions, attenuate the noise generated and improve aesthetics. Green vegetation cover is beneficial in many ways in terms of conservation of biodiversity, retention of soil moisture, recharge of ground water and maintaining pleasant micro climate of the region. In addition, vegetation cover can also absorb pollutants from the environment and helps in effective pollution control.

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. The mix of species suggested for green belt development are presented below in table 4.8. This may be taken up after due consultation with concerned forest division.

Table 4.8: List of Plants recommended for green belt development/ land reclamation Common Name Family Name Botanical Name Babool Leguminosae Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex Delile Australian black wattle Leguminosae Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Benth. Bitter Albizia Leguminosae Albizia amara (Roxb.) B.Boivin Sirish Leguminosae Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Black sirish Leguminosae Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. White sirish Leguminosae Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Saptaparni Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Kadam Rubiaceae Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk)A. Rich ex Walp Jack tree Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllusLam. Neem Meliaceae Azadirachta indica (L.) A.Juss. Bamboo Bombacaceae Bambusa arundinaceae L. Polash Leguminosae Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Papita Caricaceae Carica papaya L. Yellow oleander Apocynaceae Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Avenue cassia Leguminosae Cassia siamia Lamk. Coconut Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L. Seasam Leguminosae Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC Gulmohur Leguminosae Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raffin Putrajevi Euphorbiaceae Drypetus roxburghii (Wall.) Hurus Silk cotton Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn Coral tree Leguminosae Erythrina indica Lam. Eucalyptus, blue gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus teriticornis Sm. Udumbara, Fig Moraceae Ficus racemosa L. Bassora tragacanth, Malvaceae Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight ghost tree Quick stick Leguminosae Gliricidia sepium (Jack.) Kunth ex Walp. Silver oak Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn ex R.Br. Bitter orange Rutaceae Citrus aurantium L. Banaba Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers Subabol Leguminosae Lucina leucophloea (Lamk) de wit Shajan Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Copper pod Leguminosae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Baker ex Heyne Jungle Jilepe Leguminosae Pithecellobium dulce L. Karanj Leguminosae Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Ashoka Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia(Sonn.)Thw. Guava Myrtaceae Psidium guajava L. Kusum Sapindaceae Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.

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Common Name Family Name Botanical Name Sal Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Gaertn f Java olive tree Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida L. Vijaysar Leguminosae Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Teak Verbenaceae Tectona grandis L. Portia tree Malvaceae Thespesia populnea (Linn) Soland ex corr Kutajau Apocynaceae Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Kutajau Apocynaceae Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.

4.7 IMPACT ON LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE

4.7.1 IMPACT ON LAND USE PATTERN

The major direct impacts on existing land use during the pre-mining phase are the removal of vegetation and resettlement of displaced population. There may also be land use changes with respect to agriculture, fisheries, recreation sites, housing, forestry areas, etc. Land reclamation / restoration of mined out lands may give rise to enhanced beneficial land use.

There exists major environment impacts due to landscape disruption particularly visuals (unsightly huge dumps, voids, mine structures, subsidence, mine fires, etc.). During mining and post-mining phases drastic changes in landscape with landforms take place. The major associated impacts are soil-erosion, loss of top soil, change in complete geology & voids, disposal of wastes, deforestation, etc.

Irrespective of the type of mining used for extracting coal, mining invariably results in enormous land disturbance – e.g. large scale excavation, removal of top soil, dumping of solid wastes, cutting of roads, creation of derelict land, etc. Opencast mining has more potential impact on land than underground mining. With improved technology, opencast coal mining is being used extensively because of its cost effectiveness and productivity; though it results in large-scale land disturbance. The alteration in land use pattern due to infrastructure is not to be considered as true change as these facilities can be utilized for some other purposes after the mining operation is over. The alteration in land use pattern due to activities of quarrying and external dumping of OB materials may be considered as true change in land use pattern.

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4.7.2 POST CLOSURE LAND USE

Land Use (Ha) Sl. Land Use No. during Mining Water- Undisturbed/ Plantation Public Use Total Body Dip side slope External OB 1 Nil -- Dump

2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --

3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87

4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57

5 Green Belt 6.48 ------6.48

Mine lease 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92 Area

Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.

4.7.3 CONTROL MEASURES TO RESTORE LAND USE & LANDSCAPE

 There is no external dumping in proposed project for initial three years 7.66 Mm3 of OB will be dumped internally in 36.0 Ha of existing Basundhara (W) OCP mine void.

 From 3rd year of production internal backfilling will be started in its own quarry.

 Appropriate garland drain is to be provided to collect run-off.

 Backfilled area is to be reclaimed biologically and technically.

 During the process, the geometrical shape of the dumps is altered to make it amenable to effective biological reclamation and also to provide safety and stability.

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 The face slopes of the dump will be maintained at the natural angle of repose of the material and at overall slope angle of 26o to 28o. Suitable arrangement will be made for collection of storm water.

 At initial stage scrapped top soil will be stored separately and reused as early as possible to layover the backfilled area for biological reclamation.

 Arboriculture is to be carried out in the vacant areas.

 Proper afforestation/plantation are to be carried out for greenbelt development.

4.8 IMPACT ON TRAFFIC MOVEMENT & CONTROL MEASURES

Surface Miner (-100mm) coal from benches will be transported by rear dumpers to the newly constructed Sardega siding, which is adjacent to the mine lease. The following impacts are anticipated:

. Ambient air on the both sides of the road will be affected due to PM10,

PM2.5, SO2 and NOX. . Noise nuisance due to movement of HEMMs. . Creation of ruts and potholes on the surface of the road. . Road accidents.

The following control measures will be adopted: . Plantation on both sides of the roads on the surface. . Proper maintenance of road to remove ruts and potholes. . Proper illumination of roads including haul road.

4.8.1 VISUAL/AESTHETIC IMPACTS & CONTROL MEASURES The following visual impacts are anticipated: . Due to excavation of coal and OB as well as transportation, the area may have spots of eyesore, unless proper mitigatory measures are adopted.

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. Water logging may occur due to changes in the drainage pattern of the area. . Loss in aesthetic value of the surrounding environment. The following control measures will be adopted :

. Physical and biological reclamation of mined out land to the extent possible to ameliorate the environment. . Regular supervision to detect the spots of eyesore and to remove the same immediately.

4.9 IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH Various respirable and water-borne diseases are cause of concern for public health and safety in mining areas due to high intensity dust nuisance and pollution of water bodies and contaminated water supply. Health care centers (medical centers) are usually distantly located and provision of medical facilities by project developers results in beneficial impact. There is a general cause of concern for safety due to blasting/ explosions, noise & vibrations, etc.

4.9.1 CONTROL MEASURES ON PUBLIC HEALTH

By providing good quality sanitation, medical facilities and other infrastructural facilities, there is likelihood of reduction in disease. However, regular medical check up of employees particular those put on risky and occupational hazards will be done periodically in different projects of MCL and same will be continued for this project also.

4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

During survey it is observed that, areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons – wetlands, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains are not present within the 10 km buffer zone of the project. Also, Areas used by protected, important or

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CMPDI sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration are not present within the study area.

Possible Impacts:

The land use will undergo progressive changes involving quarrying, transportation, etc. At the end of mine life the proposed land use area will be same as pre-mining land use. Post mining land use will consists of reclamation area, water body, dip side slope, plantation area, built-up area, undisturbed area, etc.

Traffic will increase for the transportation of men and material. Dust particles will be generated due to these and project activities. But, these will be within the limits. There will be marginal or no impact on terrestrial species (plants & animals), nearby Crops, aquatic species, Habitats, aesthetic of the area and natural resources.

Impacts on flora

The impact on the terrestrial ecosystem due to operation of the proposed mining would mainly occur from deposition of air pollutants. There will be loss of vegetation by excavation and dumping thereby affecting the species for which such vegetation was the host. The effects of air emissions on nearby vegetation and crop lands are not likely to be injurious and noticeable as the pollutants concentrations are expected to be well within the prescribed standards.

Impacts on fauna

As the fauna is closely related to and dependant on the flora, there will be movement of species away from mine lease area due to noise, vibrations and lights. This project is an ongoing project.

As these are ongoing projects adjacent to the proposed project, the fauna of the area will not be disturbed.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

Environmental Management Plan is the key to ensure that the environmental quality of the area does not deteriorate due to the operation of the project. An EMP is a site-specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified and implemented in order to protect the environment and comply with environmental legislation.

 Dust Pollution Control

Continuous water sprinkling should be carried out on the roads to prevent dusting due to vehicle movements.

 Noise Pollution Control

Noise pollution created due to the project activities can be mitigated through development of green belts with dense woody growth and wider crown trees. Creation of green barriers through afforestation in degraded and vacant areas in core and buffer zone have a long term benefits in reducing ambient air quality, for clean air, sound, dust barrier, carbon sink, soil conservation, ecological restoration of the natural systems and landscape development.

 Reclamation of Degraded Mining Areas

The degraded land and OB dumps should be biologically reclaimed which will improve the green cover in the area. Adequate numbers of vegetation should be grown on the top surface and slopes of the dumps in order to arrest the erosion of soil and it also reduces surface runoff, which helps averting siltation of natural watercourses. In order to arrest siltation from OB dump, catch drains and garland drains of adequate size should be constructed around the periphery of external OB Dumps. Also, garland drains of adequate size should be provided around the quarry edges. These drains should be regularly desilted before onset of every monsoon.

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 Greenbelt Development:

Degraded vegetation and fallow lands should be converted into vegetable farms. Creation of three tier plantation with tall growing tress all along the periphery of the coal handling area, inside & outside of the premises along with roads can prevent spreading of dust pollution.

Planting of diversified fruit yielding and flowering trees of evergreen and deciduous variety could provide continuous supply of food resource as well as perching sites, nesting materials and shelter to arboreal fauna. The plant species which are useful for green barrier development to prevent dust and noise pollution, planting in the degraded mine leased areas are as follows.

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Chapter – 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Coal accounts to 56% of India’s primary commercial energy. About 73% of pwer generated in India’s from coal. Therefore, coal industry in India has expanded enormously over the years in terms of volume of production and is poised to grow rapidly in future also to meet the over increasing energy demand.

In order to meet growing energy demand, opening of new coal mines and expansion of existing mines are being planned.

The mining operation like drilling, blasting, extraction, transportation, crushing and other associated activities are carried out in opencast mining. Mining operations may affect the environment & ecology, unless carefully planned and controlled.

There is a need for balance between mining and environmental requirement.

5.2 MINING TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

This project lies on west of Basundhara West OCP (7.0 Mty). Total 369.77 Ha land is required for the project out of which 227.62 Ha is forest land. Total Mine Lease Area is 323.92 Ha.

The life of the proposed project is 12 Years. Total Extractable Reserve is 92.73 Mt.

MP/MCP has been prepared for mining the total area available under coal block named “Chaturdhara Block” of Ib-valley coalfield. All drawings, estimates and calculations are based on final Geological reports for Chaturdhara block.

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5.2.1 MINING METHOD The proposed mining block represents presence of multiple coal seams with intermediate varying parting. Seams occur in wide area having power grade coal reserve. So this will make the project most viable by adopting opencast mining method.

5.2.2 CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY Different technologies like shovel-dumper mining, dragline mining, bucket wheel excavator mining and surface miner-payloader-truck mining are available for opencast mining.

For coal deposit in block under consideration, surface miner-payloader-dump truck mining is proposed. In the earlier approved report, shovel dumper mining system was proposed for removal of OB above the seams. The same is to continue.

Considering the annual target capacity of 8.75 Mt and corresponding yearly overburden removal, higher capacity of shovel and dumpers are suggested for top overburden removal. Top overburden above various seams will be removed by level slicing method.

Operation of surface miner is found to be successful and environment friendly as it does not require drilling, blasting and crushing of coal. For the proposed extension project report it is assumed that coal production of 8.75 Mty will be by surface miners. Surface miners will be working in windrowing method. In windrowing mode the cut material is directly discharged behind the machine without using a conveyor. Therefore the cutting operation is independent from the truck loading operation, but the coal has to be rehandled by the front end loader which in turn loads the coal into the dump truck. For many reasons, the higher productivity in windrowing method compensates the rehandling cost. In addition, no belt wear and no operating cost for conveyor will arise when working with windrowing mode of operation.

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5.2.3 MINING SYSTEM & SYSTEM PARAMETERS Benches will be aligned along general strike. Bench floor should follow own seam floor/roof or that of adjacent seam. Main bench parameters for above mentioned equipments are:

Maximum bench height : 10-12 m for 10 cum electric rope shovel and 6-8 m or less for 2.5-3Cum hydraulic shovel.

Bench width : 22-32 m for overburden with 10cum electric rope shovel.

Coal bench width will be kept at a minimum width of 50m for surface miner operations.

Working angle : 700 with horizontal for individual working bench.

Again, bench dimensions may vary with different equipments deployed.

5.3 BASIC MINE PARAMETERS

Following table shows broad mining parameters of the proposed mine:

Table – 5.1: Geo-Mining Characteristics

Sl. No. Particulars Unit As per Extn. PR (8.75 Mty)

1 Area i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05* ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35* 2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73 3 Overburden Mcum 97.22 4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05 5 Annual production Mt 8.75 6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12 7 Strike length i) Minimum m 951 ii) Maximum m 2757 8 Depth of quarry i) Minimum m 3 ii) Maximum M 116 9 Avg. seam thickness M 24.05 10 Gradient - 30 - 80 11 Quarry perimeter Total M 8653.82

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5.4 MINING STRATEGY 5.4.1 CONSTRAINTS ON MINE DEVELOPMENT The proposed mining area included an extension of the approved quarry boundary, by approximately 3.3 km to its west. This results in additional quarry area of 306.5 ha(3.06 sq.km). This area has been annexed on the western side of the quarry, crossing Basundhara river, flowing from north to south. There is no constraint in mine development upto the presently fixed mine/quarry boundaries.

5.4.2 SEQUENCE OF MINING Top soil is proposed to be removed and stacked either in temporary storage areas or directly transported to backfilled area and leveled for reclaimation. Top overburden would be excavated by 10m3 electric hydraulic shovels and parting would be excavated by 5m3/2.5m3 hydrualic shovels. Coal is proposed to be excavated by deploying surface miner along with a combination of F.E.L. 5-6 cum & 60T rear dumpers.

5.4.3 ACCESS TRENCH This quarry has been developed using an access trench originating 80m (approx.) north of CMHG-024 and the same will be used for this quarry during its advance towards dipside. The main haul road is proposed to be advanced straight along the (approx.) dip direction of the quarry.

5.4.4 MINE DEVELOPMENT The seam gradient varies from 3o to 8o. Higher capacity shovels are proposed to be deployed for top overburden removal. Partings are proposed to be removed by smaller capacity shovels.

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Chapter – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND MONITORING ORGANIZATION

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

6.1.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental management system is a system for maintaining and reviewing the sustainable development of the mining project. It is the part of the overall management system which includes an organization structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, process and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy.

6.1.2 AIMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM . Identification and control, impacts and risks. . Establishing an environmental policy, objectives and targets including compliance with legislation. . Indentifying environmental opportunities. . Monitoring and continual improvement of environmental performance.

6.1.3 PROCEDURES FOR IMPLEMENTATION . For the implementation of the Environmental Management System within an organization, the first step is to define the environmental policy. . The top management of the organization defines and documents its environmental policy. . The second step is to conduct initial environmental reviews like legislative and regulatory requirement, an identification of significant environmental aspects, an examination of all existing environmental management practices and procedures and an evaluation of feedback from the investigation of the previous incidents to assess the company’s environmental conditions.

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6.1.4 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The Environmental Policy Statement and objectives of Corporate Environmental Policy, 2012 of Coal India Limited is given below:

Coal India Limited (CIL) is committed to protect the environment through prevention, mitigation of pollution, proper disposal and recycling of wastes, conservation of bio-diversity and bringing awareness among all its stakeholders for continual improvement in environmental performances following the best practices. Objectives:

Coal India Limited shall endeavor to:

i. Conduct mining and associated operations in an environmentally

responsible manner to comply with applicable laws and other

requirements related to environmental aspects and Design Projects with

due consideration of Sustainable Development.

ii. Prevent pollution of surrounding habitation by continuous monitoring and adopting suitable measures for environment protection.

iii. Ensure compliance of Environment Clearance (EC) and Forestry Clearance (FC) conditions and other statutory conditions issued by regulatory agencies.

iv. Implement Environment Management Plans (EMP) in all mines effectively to mitigate pollutions of air, water, noise and land caused by mining operations.

v. Strive to conserve bio-diversity.

vi. Conserve natural resources through the principle of REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, REDEFINE and REPLACE. Put special thrust on efficient energy utilization as a measures to reduce carbon foot-print.

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vii. Strive for continual improvement in our environmental performances by setting targets, measuring progress and taking corrective actions.

viii. Create awareness about environment among the employees and the local communities through pro-active communication and training.

In view of the present fast changing social, economic and environmental scenario, this policy shall be reviewed every 5 years to incorporate the changes in the legal, technical, environmental, economic and social inputs prevailing at that time. Whenever, there is change in National Environmental Policy or other National / State relevant policies, Acts, etc., this Corporate Environmental Policy would be reviewed and suitably revised.

6.2 MONITORING ORGANISATION

6.2.1 CORPORATE LEVEL

Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL), the owner of this project, has an Environment Department headed by a General Manager (Envt & Forest) at its HQs. The department provides necessary support that is required for environmental management of various mining projects under the jurisdiction of the company.

6.2.2 AREA LEVEL

MCL has been divided into a number of administrative units known as Area each headed by a CGM/GM. The CGM/GM(s) of the Area(s) coordinate the rehabilitation scheme, land reclamation, plantation, compensatory afforestation and other environmental control measures including environmental quality monitoring in consultation with the State Govt., Environmental Cell(s) of Area(s) and MCL (HQs), Orissa Forest Development Corporation (OFDC), State Forest Dept., Staff Officer (Environment) and SO (L&R) of the Area. The Staff Officer (Environment) gets the necessary ministerial and other infrastructure facilities including a vehicle for movement for effective implementation of various measures from the office of CGM/GM of the Area.

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6.2.3 PROJECT LEVEL

The environmental management activities of the project will be carried out under the overall supervision of the Project Officer. Following persons will be provided for execution of the activities:

(a) Project Manager – Overall in charge of coal production, overburden removal, land reclamation, safety, security and environmental control measures of the mine and the persons working therein, R&R activities, etc. He provides all the technical & administrative support for carrying out the above activities.

(b) Project Safety Officer- Responsible for safety of the mine and workers, control of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, ground vibration, fire-fighting, etc.

(c) Project Civil Engineer – Responsible for construction and maintenance of effluent treatment plants, black topping & metalling of roads & haul roads, cleaning and overall housekeeping of the CHPs, railway siding, construction and maintenance of check dams, garland drains, fixed sprinkler at haul road, railway siding, etc.

(d) Project E&M Engineer – Responsible for dust suppression arrangement in CHP & in surrounding area, firefighting arrangement in CHP, coal stock etc.

(e) Project Excavation Engineer – Responsible for providing the water tankers, dozers, graders etc. for air pollution control activities and land reclamation activities.

(f) Project Survey Officer – R&R related activities and measurement of land for reclamation, providing plan for next year’s plantation activities, monitoring assistance, etc.

(g) Project Environment Engineer – He advises the Project Manager / Project Officer on environmental management activities. Responsible for submission of various reports & returns under the statutes. Timely

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application for consent & permissions under environmental statutes. He also arranges for biological reclamation and other plantation activities through OFDC.

The organizational structures for mine as well as environmental management and environmental monitoring are given in Fig.-6.1 & Fig.-6.2 respectively.

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ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Director (Technical / Project & Planning)

General Manager (Environment. & Forest) GM (Land Aquistion & R&R)

Chief Manager/Sr.Manager/Asst. Manager (Environment,Mining,Survey) Level Corporate CGM/GM (Area)

Staff Officer (Mining) Staff Officer (Civil)

Staff Officer (E&M) Staff Officer (Excavation) Staff Officer (Survey) with addl. Charge of Forest Staff Officer (Environment) Staff Officer (Medical) Staff Officer (Finance) Staff Officer (Safety) Staff Officer (Material Management)

Area Level Area Staff Officer (Personnel) Staff Officer (System) Staff Officer (Security) Staff Officer (Training) Project Officer Basundhara(W)Extn.

Project Manager (Mining) Project Engineer (E&M) Project Manger (Finance) Project Engineer (Excavation) Project Engineer (Environment) Project Survey Officer with addl. Charge of Forest Sr.Manager (Safety) Project Engineer (Civil) Asst. Security Officer Project Level Personnel Manager Medical Officer

Fig.- 6.1

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Organizational Structure for Environmental Monitoring

RD, CMPDI RI-VII

HoD (Lab.) HoD(Env.) Monthly Monitoring Report

Sampling Staff

Analyses of samples at Results of NABL Accreditated Analysis Laboratory at CMPDI, RI-7 Bhubaneswar

Monthly Monitoring Report to Project Officer, (Basundhara(W) Extn. OCP) GM, Basundhara Area & GM (Envt.), MCL (HQs).

Fig.- 6.2

6.3 MONITORING AND CONTROL This is a new mine. Routine Environment Monitoring will be carried out in proposed Basundhara West Extension OCP (8.75 Mty). For air, water and noise pollution control measures, the samples will be collected and tested round the year with appropriate frequency at strategic places. In case, it is found that any of the parameters exceeds the tolerance limits then corrective measures will also be suggested by CMPDI to MCL for implementation. The monitoring schedule and the parameters which are being monitored are given below:

6.3.1 AIR QUALITY MONITORING This includes the identification of major dust and gaseous sources and estimation of their levels of emission. The monitoring network will be consisting of

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CMPDI the four monitoring stations in consultation with SPCB considering various environmental impacts of air pollution.

6.3.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

The following frequency will be maintained for water and effluent quality monitoring for each station:

 Drinking water quality monitoring . Once in a month for 24 parameters as per IS: 10500-1991.

 Effluent quality monitoring . Once in a fortnight for 4 parameters; . Once in a year for 23 parameters.

6.3.3 GROUND WATER LEVEL MONITORING

From nearby wells located at appropriate locations, ground water level will be monitored 4 times in a year (i.e. April/May, August, November & January).

6.3.4 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING

Noise level will be monitored for once in day time and once in night time in each fortnight from each station.

However the sampling frequency and parameters may change as per the Environmental Clearance letter Conditions.

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Chapter – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

The following additional studies have been considered for this project: (i) Disaster Management (ii) Social Impact and R&R Action Plan (iii) Corporate Social Responsibility (iv) Habitat Management / Wild Life Conservation Cost (v) Public Consultation (vi) Rain Water Harvesting (vii) Slope Stability

7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT (RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT)

7.1.1 INTRODUCTION

Keeping in view the three basic principles i.e. prevention, preparedness (both pro-active and reactive) and mitigation of effect through rescue, recovery, relief and rehabilitation; a comprehensive blue print for risk assessment and management has been drawn-up for the project incorporating the following:

. Identification and assessment of risks. . Recommendation of measures to prevent damage to life and property against such risks.

The following disasters / accidents may occur during normal operations of the mine.

 Slope failure.

 Dangers due to handling and use of explosives and accidents due to fly-rocks and air-blasts following a faulty heavy blast.

 Hazards associated with use of electricity.

 Accidents due to unruly operation of HEMM.

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 Dust hazards.

 Fire hazards due to spontaneous heating of coal in stock piles and exposed benches.

 Fire hazards in stores & workshops where inflammable & highly inflammable materials are stored or used.

 Danger of inundation from surface and/or ground water.

7.1.2 SLOPE FAILURE IN MINE PIT Slope failures are affected by the following factors:  Slope geometry  Geological Structure  Lithology  Ground Water  Mining method & equipment  Dynamic forces.  Shear strength of road and cohesion  Angle of friction

The exposed ends of the coal seams and OB will be left with a safe slope to avoid slope failure and collapse of benches. Similarly, at the end of mining operation, safe terminal slope will be provided to avoid pit failure.

7.1.3 HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF OB DUMPS

Hazard of OB dump failure is mainly governed by following factors : 1. Height of benches. 2. Slope of benches. 3. Nature of material. 4. Slope of foundation rock. 5. Nature of foundation rock. 6. Drainage of foundation. 7. Depth of ground water table.

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7.1.4 PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE RISK OF OB DUMP FAILURE

1. OB benches will be made of <30m ht in each tier.

2. The angle of repose of each dump tier should be around 37o and overall dump slope should be less than 26o.

3. Soil should be scraped separately, so that it is not mixed with OB rock.

4. The slope of ground will be kept mild so that it will not have any adverse effect.

5. The soil from the foundation ground should be scrapped before starting of OB dumping.

6. Garland drain to be made around OB dump area to avoid water flow during monsoon below the OB dump.

7. Ground water table is generally 3-5m below ground level hence may have no adverse impact.

8. Leveling, grading and drainage arrangement at the toe of OB dumps and at each dump tier should be done with much care and should be monitored regularly.

9. Technical & Biological reclamation will be done.

10. A scientific study regarding slope stability and monitoring team should

be formed to assess the dump stability throughout the life of the mine.

11. A proper fencing with suitable material should be provided around dump toe to prevent failure or unauthorized access towards dump toe.

12. Precautions shall be taken to prevent spontaneous heating and fire in the carb shale when dumped along with overburden rock.

13. The backfilled area shall be kept benched and the distance of active mine workings (faces) from the toe of the bottom most backfilled face (bench) shall not be less than 60m.

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7.1.5 BLASTING AND VIBRATION STUDY

For proper blasting and minimizing the adverse side effects due to blasting viz. noise, ground vibration, back-breaks, air blast and fly rocks etc., the optimal blast design parameters will be suggested during the mine operation after conducting a study for determining the blasting parameters. The following precautions have been suggested to avoid dangerous situations:

. The blasting operation shall be under the overall supervision of competent person like Sr. Manager having First/Second Class Mine Managers Certificate of competency. . Making of holes, charging and stemming the holes may be made under the supervision of a competent person. . Care may be taken to see that there is no overcharging or undercharging of the holes, the connections and arrangements of delay detonators are in order.

. Before a shot is fired the shot firer is required to ensure that all persons within a radius of 500m from the place of firing (referred to as blasting danger zone) have taken proper shelter, apart from giving sufficient warning by efficient signals over the entire danger zone.

. Blasting shall be carried out in conformity with the stipulation given by DGMS, existing laws with closer control of blasting parameters including blasting results like desired fragmentation, vibration, etc.

. Blasting will be done in day time only.

 Blast Induced Ground Vibration When blasting is done in the opencast mines ground vibrations are generated outward from the blast areas which cause damage to surrounding surface structures. The vibrations radiating from blast holes while passing through surface structures induce vibrations on the structures causing resonance. The component of ground motion can effect the structures through compression and tension and also through vertical and horizontal shearing effects. Blast induced ground vibration creates socio economic problems for the mine management as well as the people residing in the vicinity of these mines. As only 20-30% of energy of commercial

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CMPDI explosives used in mines is utilized for fragmenting the rock, the rest of the energy is transmitted through the earth in the form of ground vibrations resulting in damage to the surrounding structures. Peak particle velocity (PPV) has so far been considered as the best criteria for evaluating blast vibrations in terms of its potential to cause damage. Depending on the type of structures and dominant excitation frequency, Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) on the ground adjacent to the structures shall not exceed the given values under different frequencies as per DGMS. (Tech circular 7/1997).

Table 7.1: Permissible Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) in mm/s

Type of Structures Dominant Excitation Frequency, Hz Buildings/Structures not belonging to the owner <8 Hz 8-25 Hz >25 Hz

i) Domestic Houses/structures (Kucha, Brick & 5 10 15

Cement) A ii) Industrial Buildings RCC & Framed 10 20 25 Structures) iii) Objects of Historical importance 2 5 10 Buildings belonging to the owner with limited span of life

i) Domestic Houses/structures (Kucha, Brick 10 15 25 B & Cement) ii) Industrial Buildings RCC & Framed 15 25 50 Structures)

Where any permanent building or structure of permanent nature not belonging to mine owner lie within the danger zone, the aggregate maximum charge per delay and per round shall not exceed the amount fixed by DGMS on the basis of a scientific study.

7.1.6 EXPLOSIVE HANDLING

The present day technology of blasting with site mixed slurry/emulsion (SMS/SME) explosive shall be used with milli second delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube initiation system. SMS/SME is stored by the supplier as per GOI Notification. Further, transport and charging are also done by the supplier on the spot. Only priming will be done by the project authority.

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For storage of explosives meant for priming, detonating fuse and detonators, one service magazine has been provided.

7.1.7 SAFETY RULES

Mining operations follow statutory mine safety rules administered by the Directorate General of Mine Safety (DGMS), Chief Controller of Explosives and others. Planning and design of electrical installations will take into account the existing electricity rules to obviate the hazards due to use of electricity.

For creating safety awareness and imparting education on safe practices, the following steps shall be taken:

. Holding annual safety weeks. . Imparting basic and refresher training to new and old employees respectively as per Vocational Training Rules.

7.1.8 MINE INUNDATION

Due care has been taken while formulating the PR to prevent water ingress during mining operations from the higher ground local rivers/reservoir. Embankment is not required because HFL against Basundhara river is 259 m above the mean sea level. Surface of the quarry is more than 10 m above the HFL.

7.1.9 FIRE AND SPONTANEOUS HEATING

The most vulnerable points for fire in an opencast mine is in the Coal stock, old coal benches with loose coal, HEMMs, OB dumps with carbonaceous shales etc. The common accidents due to fire may take place while working or deploying shovels in a fiery seam where there are chances of fall of sides forming thick cloud of hot dust and injuring the personnel nearby. Accident due to fire may take place while dealing with fire in coal stocks, old coal bench with fire etc. The following precautions may be taken to deal with fire in OCPs.

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i) In order to prevent accidents due to fire every mine should have a proper firefighting organization under the control of Manager of the mine or the Safety officer. Firefighting stations should be established near the entrance of the mine with adequate firefighting equipment. ii) Adequate number of persons should be trained in firefighting who should be familiar with all firefighting equipment. iii) The coal stocks should be regularly liquidated or else it should be properly dozed and made dome shaped to prevent entry of air and prevent spontaneous heating. iv) Pipe lines should be laid around the coal stock to deal with fire in case of emergency. v) In the quarry, the coal benches should be properly dressed and no loose coals to be left which facilitate spontaneous heating. vi) Before deploying any equipment in a fiery coal bench, it should be isolated, dealt with fire and then allow machines to operate.

FIRE IN PROJECT STORES & WORKSHOPS

Sufficient provision will be made for the prevention & control of fire in the project store, both E&M & HEMM workshops & sub-stations by way of installing fire extinguishers of right type & size. Timely inspection & refilling of fire extinguishers will be done.

Where ever Fire extinguishers will be provided like Operator cabin, stores, Workshops, Magazines etc. sufficient number of persons like operators, helpers should know the use of fire extinguishers.

Systematic layout of both stores & workshops will be made so that inflammable & highly inflammable materials do not come in contact with any spark or flame. Adequate number of cautions in the form of hoardings will be displayed near such places. While calculating total water demand for the project, provision for fire fighting has also been made.

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7.1.10 HAUL ROAD MAINTENANCE

For proper haul road maintenance, following aspects will be considered and implemented: i) Proper design and maintenance of the haul roads ii) Formulation, approval and enforcement of traffic rules regarding : a) Speed limit b) Parking and standing c) Overtaking iii) One way traffic, otherwise width should not be less than 3 times the width of the largest vehicle. iv) Gradient should not be greater than 1 in 16. v) Berm should not less than 1 m in width. vi) Separate machines and personnel for maintenance of haul road.

During rainy season soil erosion will take place and it will deteriorate the haul road corridor and therefore. i) Proper drainage arrangement shall be made along the haul road. ii) Cross slopes (1 in 50 to 1 in 25) shall be provided on the haul road so that water flows into the drain. iii) Water barrier, cross drains, relief drains etc. should be constructed and maintained properly. iv) Culverts shall be designed, installed and maintained to withstand the vertical soil pressure, weight of the vehicles plying over the road etc.

7.1.11 ILLUMINATION AND COMMUNICATION

Sufficient lighting as per standards will be provided at all the required places, i.e. working faces, OB dump area, haul road, coal transfer points, loading points, CHP, workshop, etc., to avoid accidents and to create efficient working conditions. Provisions for efficient communication systems (both internal and external) to allow communication link amongst various work centers to help avoid accidents and handle emergencies will be made. The following standard of illumination as per DGMS may be followed for better illumination in the mine.

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Table 7.2: Standards of lighting in Opencast Coal Mines Minimum Plane/Level in Manner in which Sl. Place / Area to be standard of which the it is to be No. illuminated illumination illumination is to illuminated (LUX) be provided. 1. General working areas 0.2 At the level of the as determined by the surface to be Manager in writing illuminated 2. Work place at Heavy So as to cover 5.0 Horizontal Machinery the depth and 10.0 Vertical height through which the machinery operates 3. Area where drilling rig So as to 10.0 Vertical works illuminate the full height of the rig 4. Area where Bulldozer or -- 10.0 At level of the other tractor mounted Crawler tracks machine works 5. Places where manual To be provided at 5.0 Horizontal work is done level of the 10. Vertical surface on which such work is done 6. Places where loading, -- 3.0 Horizontal unloading or transfer, loading of dumpers, trucks or train is carried on 7. Operators’ Cabins of To be provided 30.0 Horizontal machines or upto a height of mechanisms 0.8 metres from floor level 8. At hand picking points To be provided 50.0 On the surface of along a conveyor belt upto a distance of the conveyor belt not less than 1.15 metres from the picker 9. Truck haulage roads To be provided at 0.5 to 3.0 Horizontal level of the road 10. Rail haulage track in the To be provided at 0.5 Horizontal pit level of the rail heads 11. Roadways and foot -- 3.0 Horizontal paths from bench to bench 12. Permanent paths for use -- 1.0 Horizontal of persons employed etc.

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7.1.12 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES

Following facilities will be there in the project:

. Provision of well-equipped workshops for maintaining HEMMs and other equipment properly for avoiding their failures as well as the risk of accidents. . Provision of stores for spare parts for quick maintenance.

7.1.13 TRAINING

Coal industry has set up a number of training institutes for imparting training to its employees. These trainings are meant to raise awareness amongst workers for performing their duties properly with safety. Further, the personnel directly responsible for handling emergencies are given training for making them better equipped for discharging the responsibilities. Mock drills for checking the risk management preparedness will be carried out regularly.

7.1.14 MEDICAL AID

For guarding against occupational and community health hazards, the following measures will be taken:

. Steps to control respirable dust, improve workplace environment and reduce noise nuisance.

. Periodic Medical Examination (PME) of workers.

. Availability of improved medical facilities.

The coal company has a number of healthcare centres including a well equipped Regional Hospital and a specialised “referral” hospital in the coalfield area. Provisions of healthcare facilities have been provided in the project report. Healthcare facilities have been provided in the neighbouring projects. The above facilities will cater to the need of employees of this project. The local people can also avail these healthcare facilities.

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7.1.15 CONCLUSION

With adoption of above preventive measures, the operation of this opencast mine will be safe as well as environment friendly.

7.2 SOCIAL IMPACT, R&R ACTION PLAN 7.2.1 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION

This is a new mine. The R&R are being carried out under the direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.

R&R Status of Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 MTY) Total Entitle for Total Monetary Project Employment MC Cat Resettlement Employment PAFs Compensation Affected Provided Paid benefits Persons

I 90 90 55 35 234 40 Telendih 30 (Part of III 6 0 4 2 16 0 village Gopalpur) 96 90 59 37 250 40 30 Other displaced 9 0 0 0 33 families TOTAL 105 90 59 37 283

The compensation roll of village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court Ratansara vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on 16.01.2016 & partial (Part) survey was completed, rest has been left due to agitation of villagers.

7.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

7.3.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy of CIL:

1. Objectives : The main objective of CSR policy is to lay down guidelines for the coal companies to make CSR a key business process for sustainable development for the Society. It aims at supplementing the role of the govt. in enhancing welfare measures of the society based on immediate and long term social and environmental consequences of their activities.

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2. Areas to be Covered : The poor and needy Section of the Society living in and around coalfields and different parts of India normally to be covered. The responsibility of the subsidiary shall be to execute CSR within the radius of 15 Kms for every project and Areas including Head quarters. Further Board of Directors of Subsidiary Companies can approve specific cases of projects beyond mining areas with in respective State.

3. Source of Fund : The fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs.2.00 per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.

SCOPE:

1. Education 2. Water Supply including drinking water. 3. Health care by providing Indoor medical facilities and medicines. 4. Environment 5. Social Empowerment 6. Infrastructure for Village Electricity/Solar Light/Pawan Chaki etc. Recurring expenditure should be borne by the beneficiaries. 7. Sports and culture. 8. Generation of employment & setting up Co-operative Society. 9. Infrastructure Support. 10. Grant/donation/financial assistance/sponsorship to reputed NGOs of the Society/locality doing/involve in upliftment of the standard of the society. 11. Heritage sites in the CSR purview ensuring involvement of employee’s representatives in this Project. 12. Empowerment of women for education / health & self-employment. 13. Relief to victims of Natural Calamities like Earth Quake, Cyclone, draught and Flood situation in any part of the country. 14. Disaster Management Activities including those related to amelioration/ Mitigation.

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15. Development of smokeless fuel out of coal and also arrangement for distribution of efficient Chula to the villagers. 16. Adoption of village for carrying out the activities like infrastructural development e.g. road, water supply, electricity and community center etc. The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. CMD may consider CSR activities not falling in this list. The activities will be specific to the village depending on the need assessed for the people. As far as possible efforts will be made to co-ordinate with similar CSR activities that are taken up by the Central or State Govt. All CSR activities should be environment friendly and acceptable to the local people and society.

Table 7.3: CSR expenditure for the last year by Basundhara Area, MCL (Rs. In Lakhs)

CSR Expenditures of Basundhara Area for the period 2015-16 to 2018-19 (Amount in lakhs)

Sl Head 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 No.

1 Drinking Water 62.22 9.33 9.69 24.21

2 Education 36.37 16.53 19.21 27.5

3 Healthcare 2.01 0.95 0.87 69.99

4 Road 816.12 590.37 5.02 125.68

5 Rural Sports, arts and culture 17.41 14.63 12.43 12.65

6 Others 49.98 716.43 433.9 68.78

Total 984.11 1348.24 481.12 328.81

7.4 HABITAT MANAGEMENT / WILD LIFE CONSERVATION COST

As per guideline, Govt. of Orissa, Forest & Environment Deptt. Vide letter No.10F (Cons.) 6/2013–20693/F&E dated 05-10-13 have issued instruction to release @ Rs.43000/- per Ha of mining lease area basis towards the cost of wild life

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CMPDI management plan. An amount of Rs. 139.29 lakhs has been proposed for wild life conservation plan which will be met from revenue budget.

7.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION / HEARING

Public hearing has been conducted on 14.012.2019. The detailed Public Hearing proceeding is attached as Annexure III.

(a) Date of Advertisement 06.01.2019

(b) Newspapers in which the The new Indian Express (English daily) and advertisement appeared Sambad (Odiya daily)

(c) Date of public hearing 14.02.2019 (DD/MM/YY) (d) Public Hearing Panel The Public Hearing was chaired by Shri. chaired by & members Bhaskar Chandra Turuk, Additional District present Magistrate, Sundargarh. The members present were: 1. Ripu Kumar Sahu, Assistant Environmental Engineer, SPCB, Jharsuguda. (e) No. of people attended 400 (approx.) the public hearing meeting and number of people from the lease area

7.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain water is naturally pure water except where it becomes acidic due to industrial pollution. The rapid exploitation of ground water as well as surface water due to the industrial developmental projects, increase in population resulted in acute scarcity of fresh water availability. It has become necessary to conserve this valuable natural resource for sustainable development.

Conservation of this valuable natural resource can be done by collecting this rain water scientifically and utilizing it either for drinking purposes or ground water recharging purposes.

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Scientifically & technically designed system which helps us to collect and utilize the rain water effectively through various steps and collectedly termed as “Rain Water Harvesting”.

The various steps/methods are roof top catchments, check dams, percolation pond, storage tanks, etc.

7.7 SLOPE STABILITY

7.7.1 Slope Any structure either naturally occurred or artificially built when takes the shape by increasing the height with horizon in reference to plane is called slope. Slopes of the earth are of two types 1. Natural slopes 2. Artificial slopes Natural slopes are those that exist in natures and are formed by natural causes and generally exist in hilly area. Artificial slopes are created by man such as cutting of sides, construction of dam, highway embankment, mining benches and OB dumps, etc.

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CMPDI

7.7.2 Factors governing the Slope Stability There are two main aspects of slope failure and they are natural and man made disturbances. The seismic activities of the earth crust, rain, tornado and geology come under the naturally occurred disturbance. The blasting, excavation, dumping are the man made disturbance for slope instability. Following are the main factors that influence the slope stability.

7.7.2.1 Geo physical parameters

(a) Shear strength parameters:- This is the basic parameters and holds the key role to control the stability of the slope but it is most difficult to comprehend it accurately. The fundamental shear strength equation proposed by French engineer Coulomb is S=C + б Tan (Φ).

(b) Bulk density of dump mass: Bulk density of dump mass determines the weight of waste rock and ply very important role in calculation of stability of the dump mass

(c) Base of the Dump Base of the OB dump should be strong enough to bear the load of the dump otherwise base failure may crop up.

(d) Grain size distribution of the dump material: It indicates composition of dump material comprising of clay, silt, sand, gravels and boulders. It influences the permeability, density, shear strength parameters and other characteristics of the soil materials.

(e) Plastic Limits Atterberg limits determine the expansive and liquid properties of the material. In case of expansive soil, shear strength properties drastically changes when coming in contact with water.

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(f) Co-efficient of permeability : This parameter implies seepage properties of water and facilitate in computation of seepage force exerting on dump materials.

7.7.2.2 Geology of the Area:- Geological features that could pose problems to site stability and that therefore warrant detailed site studies prior to development within the area include: type of strata, erosion, sheared mélange matrix, hydrothermally altered rock, landslides unfavorably dipping bedding planes, an-isotropicity, faults, discontinuity and shear zones, sheared serpentines, mines and mine tailings, subsidence, and expansive soils.

7.7.2.3 Hydro-Geological parameters–

The effect of Hydro-geology in determining stability of dump is as follows:

A. Shear strength parameters of dump materials get affected due to water saturation during rainy season.

B. Accumulated water at the base gives buoyancy effect on dump materials as well reduce cohesion and friction of dump and interface materials.

C. Seepage of water exerts dragging force on the dump materials. Seepage pressure acts below the phreatic line and in the direction of flow. It can be calculated by

 knowing the pore water pressure or

 Drawing the phreatic line.

D. Rain water erode slope surface and create large rill and gullies on slope surface which damage the slope profile and causes slope failure.

7.7.2.4 Geo-mining parameters A. Mine floor inclination Mine floor inclination reduces the effective angle of repose of overlaid OB dump such as shear strength of materials.

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B. Blasting affect create encourage Blasting generate vibrations in the surrounding region that induces acceleration imply dynamic forces which affect the stability of slope.

C. Profile of the dump The profile of the dump, i.e height and berm guide the overall slope angle of the dump. This should be less than angle of repose of the materials.

D. Location of dump Location of dump site also play crucial role in the stability of the slope. Base of dump must be strong and away from the quarry edge to avoid base failure and differential settlement of dump or highwall.

E. Surcharge The surcharge load increases the horizontal & vertical load and amplifies seismic effects. Thus affect the slope stability.

7.7.2.5 Climate Effects

It is now widely accepted that climate change is occurring and that, this will affect the processes and parameters that determine the stability of slopes. Climate parameters affecting ground water and pore pressure fluctuations that can, in many cases, trigger slope instability and hence landslide activity. Global warming due to the greenhouse effect and especially changes in precipitation patterns and air temperature might therefore have influences on future landslide activity also. There remains, however, significant uncertainty in forecasting these changes in the long-term.

7.7.2.6 Dynamic forces (A) Seismic forces Earthquake experience by a structure depends on its own dynamic characteristics and ground motions such that random motion of ground,

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vibration intensity, magnitude of the earthquake; depth of focus, distance from the epicenter and the strata on which the structure stands.

Seismic force/coefficient αh is calculated as per the IS Code by following two methods and higher value will be taken for slope stability calculation. a) Seismic Coefficient Method, b) Response Spectrum method

(B) Blasting Effect (i) Peak particle Velocity(PPV) Ground vibration caused due to blasting in measured in PPV. The PPV depends upon quantity of explosives charged per delay and scaled distance. This PPV affects the stability of slope.

Following is the typical graph of blasting in Opencast mine.

It is found that PPV of less than 50 mm/s would have low probability to damage the structural of residential buildings.

In the studies it is established that in our case 75% to 80% times blast frequency comes in the range of 8-25 Hz.

(C) Moving force Moving force is type of live load that comes from the vehicular movement including the HEMM. These moving loads create the

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dynamic/static load besides the breaking and acceleration jerks. This load affects the slope stability.

7.7.3 Types of failure: A slope may have various types of failures which depend upon the type of materials, dump profile, dump base, etc. In our case, generally following types of failure occurs:

A. Circular failure – Circular failure generally occurs in high dump, soil having low shear strength and base of dump material stronger than dump materials.

B. Circular-cum-planar Failure – It occurs when the shear strength of interface material between dump and mine floor is less than that of dump material and the dump is standing on steep mine floor.

C. Base failure - It occurs when the weak strata lies beneath the toe of the dump.

7.7.4 Calculation of FoS

This is a ratio of the stabilizing force to mobilisitation force developed at the sliding surface. The factor of safety gives relative static state of the studied slope about its mobilization at a glance.

It has envisaged a factor of safety more than 1.10 in the design of slope stability is safe if appropriate seismic acceleration is considered and more than 1.20 if seismic acceleration is not considered.

7.7.5 SLOPE ANALYSIS

Limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis nowadays. This method takes in to account the physical constraints under which the OB dumps

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CMPDI are generated and effect of both of dynamic and static acceleration. The effects of tension cracks and varied hydrological conditions towards the stability are also modeled. Today large numbers of different suitable software/tools are available for the analyzing the slope stability for the dump/ waste rock piles and highwall.

7.7.6 Recommendations

1. OB benches will be made of <30m height in each tier. 2. The angle of repose of OB benches will be around 37o. 3. Soil should be scraped separately, so that it is not mixed in OB rock. 4. The slope of ground is kept mild so that it will not have any adverse effect. 5. The soil from the foundation ground should be scrapped before starting of OB dumping. 6. Garland drain to be made around OB dump area to avoid water flow during monsoon below the OB dump. 7. Ground water table is generally 3-5m below ground level hence may have no adverse impact. 8. Leveling, grading and drainage arrangement for top of OB dumps will be done. 9. Technical & Biological reclamation will be done.

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Chapter–8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75Mty) will enhance the socio- economic activities in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:  Improvement in Physical Infrastructure.  Improvement in Social Infrastructure.  Increase in Employment Potential.  Contribution to the Exchequer (both State and Central Govt.).  Post-mining Enhancement of Green Cover.  Improvement of Electrical Power Generation and consequently rise in electric power consumption there by improvement in overall economic growth of the country.

8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

The project will improve the physical infrastructure of the adjoining areas. This would include the following:

 Improvement of road network for better communication.

 Strengthening of existing community facilities through the CSR Programmes being carried out by MCL.

 Greater availability of good quality power grade coal will result in enhanced power generation to meet the energy demand of the country/state.

 Pumping of mine water may augment the water availability after due treatment.

 Better healthcare for the adjoining villages and project affected people.

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 Gainful post-closure land utilization of mine lease area as highlighted in the following table : Land requirement during pre-mining Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87 Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48 Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57 External OB dumps ------Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92 Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85 Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85 Total 227.62 142.15 369.77

Post- Closure Land Use

Land Use (Ha) Sl. Land Use Undisturbed/ Water No. during Mining Plantation Public Use Dip side Total Body slope External OB 1 Nil -- Dump 2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area -- 3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87 4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57 5 Green Belt 6.48 ------6.48 Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92 Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.

 Skill development & capacity building like vocational training, income generation programme and entrepreneurship development program.  Literacy programme, adult education, formation of Village Working Group (VWG), mahila mandal, etc.  Awareness programme and community activities, like health camps, medical aides, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme, immunization camp, sports & cultural activities, plantation, etc.  MCL may adopt one village in every area to develop as a model village. This village should be provided with minimum infrastructure such as road, drinking water, school building, a health center, a pond, community centre, play ground and adequate tree plantation.

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8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

There would be some obvious changes in various environmental parameters due to mining activity, increased economic activities and creation of new employment opportunity, infrastructural development, better educational and healthcare facilties. Following are the specific impacts.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC Overall there will be positive impact in socio-economic area due to increased economic activities, creation of new employment opportunities, infrastructural development and better educational and healthcare facilties. The impact in the Core Zone and Buffer Zone is due to the following:

POPULATION DYNAMICS Due to direct and indirect employment potential, there is scope of migration of people into project area and in the peripheral regions, from nearby areas. Mining activities, acceleration of the economic activities and urbanization along with creation of new employment opportunities and business may change the population dynamics of the area.

STANDARD OF LIVING The people will come in contact with migrated people. This may encourage higher aspirations among the people of the area. Accelerated economic activities and urbanization may increase quality of life and standard of living.

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES MCL will undertake awareness programme and community activities, like health camps, medical aids, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme, immunization camp, etc.

8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

There is a possibility of creation of direct and indirect employment opportunities due to working of this mine. Overall, this will have positive impact on socio-economic profile of the area.

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MCL will undertake skill development & capacity building programmes like vocational training, income generation and entrepreneurship development.

8.5 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS Mahanadi Coalfields Limited is facing increasing demand of power grade coal because of superior grade, long flame and other consumer friendly characteristics. Continuing and augmentation of coal production from the mines of MCL will help to bridge the gap of demand and supply of superior power grade coal in India. To meet the growing demand of coal, especially in power sector, sponge iron sector and brick and other small scale sectors, MCL has planned to increase its production capacity.

The mine will also contribute to the Exchequer of State and Central Government.

Development of any nation is measured by the consumption of the electric power (per capita). Huge demand of power will be met from coal produced which will sustain the economic growth of the country, since our country is progressing at a growth rate of about 8% per annum in the recent years. Coal being prime mover of thermal power generating stations (more than 70% of electrical energy is generated by Thermal Power Stations by burning the fossil fuel), the demand of coal has also increased very rapidly, forcing the existing mines to produce more. The availability of electrical power meets the rising demand of various industries thereby improvement in overall economic growth of the country.

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Chapter – 9

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

9.1 INTRODUCTION The cost estimate for EIA-EMP of this project is given below along with the break-up:

Capital investment Sl. Particulars (Departmental) No. (Rs.lakh) 1. Resettlement & rehabilitation cost 7143.00 2. ETP & STP 12.99 3. Garland drain 358.13 4. Compensatory afforestation cost 1778.80 5. Scientific studies 15.00 6. Rain water harvesting 25.00 7. Environment Data generation 5.00 Total : 9337.92

9.2 EXPENDITURE TO BE INCURRED TOWARDS CSR

Estimated CSR cost - Rs.1854.6 Lakhs @ Rs.2/te of coal produced. (Revenue Expenditure)

However , fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs. 2.00 per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.

9.3 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT COST

Out of the proposed mining lease area of 323.92 Ha, forest land is 227.62 Ha. An amount of Rs. 1778.80 Lakh has been provided for Compensatory Afforestation cost.

As per guideline, Govt. of Orissa, Forest & Environment Dept. Vide letter No.10F (Cons.) 6/2013–20693/F&E dated 05-10-13 have issued instruction to release @ Rs.43000/- per Ha of mining lease area basis towards the cost of wild life

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CMPDI management plan. An amount of Rs. 139.29 lakh has been proposed for wild life conservation plan which will be met from revenue budget.

9.4 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Due emphasis has been given for rain water harvesting. A lump sump amount of Rs. 25 lakhs has been kept for the infrastructural facilities for storage of rain water for harvesting which will be made from revenue budget.

9.5 BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION COST

An amount of Rs. 252.525 lakhs will be required for biological reclamation, block and avenue plantation.

9.6 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER)

As per the MoEF&CC office memorandum no. F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dtd. 01- 05-2018 for green field project, 0.5 % of capital investment for new project i.e. 3.78 crores has been provided for CER, the same will be met from Revenue Expenditure. The CER fund will be spent on drinking water supply, sanitation and air pollution control measures.

9.7 MINE CLOSURE COST

The mine closure cost as mentioned above, for Basundhara west Extension OCP has been considered Rs.8.476 lakh per ha [as per WPI (Nov., 2016)]. Annual closure cost has been computed considering the total project area as per guide line. The Money to be levied per hectare of the total project are to be deposited every year after commencement of any activity on the land for the mine after opening an Escrow Account. The details of the final mine Closure Plan along with the details of the cost estimate for various mine closure activites and Escrow Account shall be submitted to the Ministry of Coal for approval. An amount equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life compounded @ 5% annually. Annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total project area at the above mentioned rates and dividing the same by the life of mine.

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Total Project area involved : 323.92 Ha Mine closure cost/Ha (November 2016 cost base) : Rs. 8.487 lakh Total Mine closure cost (November 2016 cost base) : Rs. 2749.11 lakh

PHASING OF MINE CLOSURE COST The annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total leasehold area (Total project area) and dividing the same by the life of the mine. An amount equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life compounded @5% annually.

Total mine closure cost estimated : Rs.2749.11 lakhs

Life of the project : 12 years Out of the 12 years last 5 years are for final implementation of mine closure activities, for annual cost calculations 12 years period has been considered:

Annual mine closure amount to be deposited with Coal Controller:

2749.11 lakhs/12 years = 229.09 lakhs per year.

Yearly phasing of mine closure cost is as below:

Year Mine closure cost (Rs. in lakh) Yr-1 229.09 Yr-2 240.55 Yr-3 252.57 Yr-4 265.20 Yr-5 278.46 Yr-6 292.38 Yr-7 307.00 Yr-8 322.35 Yr-9 338.47 Yr-10 355.39 Yr-11 373.16 Yr-12 391.82 TOTAL 3646.44

Total estimated mine closure cost compounded @5% annually for 12 years is : Rs. 3646.44 lakhs.

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The mine closure cost deposited and amount released to mine owner/lease holder will be as per guidelines issued by Ministry of Coal vide letter no.55011-01- 2009-CPAM, Dt.7/1/2013.

9.8 REVENUE COST FOR EIA & EMP

The revenue cost for EIA & EMP has been worked out. This comes to about Rs. 29.59 per ton of coal produced. The break-up of revenue cost is given below:

Revenue Cost for EIA & EMP

Cost Base : June’18 Annual operating Sl.No. Particulars cost / tonne Rs. 1. Salaries, Wages & Benefits 3.76

2. Stores (as per project costing norms) 1.77

3. Power 0.29

4. Biological reclamation 0.41

5 CSR cost 2.00

6. Mine closure planning 2.96 Misc. exp. (as per project costing 7. 1.86 norms) 8. Administrative charges 8.43

9. Int. on working capital @ 14.50% 1.04

10. Depreciation 5.16

Sub-Total : 27.68

Annual coal Production: (8.75 Mty)

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Chapter – 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 MINE CLOSURE PLAN

10.1.1 INTRODUCTION

. The mine shall adopt Mine Closure Plan comprising progressive closure plan and final closure plan duly approved by the competent authority as per circular No.55011-01-2009-CPAM, Govt. of India, Ministry of Coal, dated 27th August, 2009.

. Coal projects who has been accorded approval of Mining Plan / Project Report without mine closure plan are required to prepare and obtain the approval of Mine closure plan within a period of 1 year as per the circular.

10.1.2 OBJECTIVES OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING

. To allow a productive and sustainable after use of the site which is acceptable to the mine owner and the regulatory authority; . To protect public health and safety; . To alleviate or eliminate environmental damage and thereby encourage environmental sustainability; . To minimize adverse socio-economic impacts.

10.1.3 VARIOUS ASPECTS OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING

The mine closure planning broadly involves the following aspects:

(a) Technical aspects; (b) Environmental aspects; (c) Social aspects; (d) Safety aspects; (e) Financial aspects.

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10.1.4 MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATION

There is a need to define the liabilities, responsibilities and authorities of the mine management, other regulatory bodies, Central and State Governments after mine closure. Some obligations relating to the mine management are as follows:

(a) Health & Safety: Regulation Nos. 6, 61, 106, 112 of Coal Mines Regulations, 1957 and its related DGMS Circulars;

(b) Environment

(i) Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; (ii) Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; (iii) Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environmental Protection (Amendment) Rule, 2000; (iv) DGMS Directives on Noise & Ground Vibration;

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

(d) Rehabilitation CIL's Policy and Orissa State Govt. Policy. Latest Policy / Norms of Govt. of Orissa is followed for this project.

(e) Decommissioning/asset disposal, etc. Decommissioning of infrastructure will be done and the land occupied by the infrastructure will be restored to some useful purpose. The salvaging and shifting operation of mining machinery and other equipment will be done considering the ground realities existing during the period 1 year advance of final closure of the mine.

10.1.5 TYPES OF MINE CLOSURE PLAN There are two types of mine closure plan : - Progressive mine closure plan

- Final mine closure plan

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10.1.6 PROGRESSIVE MINE CLOSURE PLAN

This is a progressive plan for the purpose of providing protective reclamation and rehabilitation measures in a mine or part there of.

10.1.7 FINAL MINE CLOSURE PLAN

This plan is meant for the purpose of decommissioning rehabilitation and reclamation in the mine or part thereof after cessation of mining and its related activities and that has been prepared in the manner to address all environmental aspects taking into consideration.

The final mine closure activities would start towards the end of mine life, and may continue even after the reserves have exhausted and / or mining is discontinued till the mining area is restored to an acceptable level to create a self sustained ecosystem.

10.1.8 ASPECTS FOR PREPARATION OF MINE CLOSURE PLAN

The following points will be incorporated while preparing mine closure plan.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS

1. Mine description 2. Reason for closure 3. Management of mined out land a. Present land use b. Final stage and post operation stage. 4. Management of top soil. 5. Management of wastes. 6. Management / decommissioning of infrastructure. 7. Management of disposal of mining machinery.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

1. Management of hydrology & hydrogeology during mine period and post mining closure period.

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2. Drainage arrangement for external OB dump. 3. Reclamation of dump(s) & adjoining areas. 4. Rehabilitation & Resettlement. 5. Management of air quality.

SOCIAL ASPECTS

1. Redeployment of workforce 2. Management of community facilities 3. Management of association and consultation with stake holders.

SAFETY AND SECURITY ASPECTS

1. Disaster management 2. Care and maintenance during temporary discontinuance 3. Management of fire

FINANCIAL ASPECTS

COST OF MINE CLOSURE INVOLVES

1. Cost of reclamation of mined out area. 2. Cost of air quality protection measure. 3. Decommissioning cost of infrastructure 4. Cost of safety & security 5. Socio-economic cost 6. Cost of organization for executing the closure activities. 7. Cost of post project monitoring for five years.

10.1.9 TECHNICAL ASPECTS

10.1.9.1 MINE DESCRIPTION

 Basundhara (W) Extn OCP is new project.  Total Mineable Reserve is 92.73

 Life of the mine is 12 years.

 3 No. of seams will be worked.

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 The area is gently undulating.  Shovel dumper system for OB removal and Surface Miner technology for coal extraction has been adopted.

10.1.9.2 REASON FOR CLOSURE

 Life of the mine is 12 years. Coal reserve (92.73 Mt) will be exhausted within 12 years.  Technical reclamation and biological reclamation of external OB dump and backfilling will also be completed during mine life.

10.1.9.3 LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  Present land use The total mine lease area is 323.92 Ha and total land required is 369.77 ha.

Table-10.1 : Details of Land Requirement Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87 Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48 Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57 External OB dumps ------Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92 Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85 Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85 Total 227.62 142.15 369.77

Table-10.2 : Mine Void Details Post closure Particulars Area in Ha Depth (m) 1. Backfilled area details ------a) Dipside slope 0.88 --- b) Upto ground level 192.40 Same as ground level 2. Unfilled void 130.64 Max. 30 m Total Area 323.92

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Table-10.3 : Post-Closure Use Land Use (Ha) Sl. Land Use during Water Public Undisturbed/ No. Mining Plantation Total Body Use Dip side slope 1 External OB Dump Nil -- 2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area -- 3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87 4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57 5 Green Belt 6.48 ------6.48 Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92

Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.

10.1.9.4 MANAGEMENT OF RECLAIMED LAND

There are several options available for land use pattern of the reclaimed land. The following factors have been considered for selection of appropriate land use pattern:

 Pre-mining land use pattern  Topsoil/sub-soil quality  Socio-economic parameters of the area  Availability of technology for land reclamation  Climatic conditions of the area  Local flora.

The alternatives available for utilising the reclaimed land are :

 Agricultural use  Afforestation

The option for using the reclaimed backfilled area for agricultural purpose immediately is ruled out due to the following reasons :

. The reclaimed land is very different from its pre-mining conditions. It cannot sustain crops as the soil has poor fertility status. So the agriculture may prove uneconomic venture compared to afforestation.

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. The development of soil regime for agriculture will take a considerable time. . Reclamation is proposed to be done progressively and concurrently with mining operation. Carrying out agriculture within mining activity area by releasing reclaimed area in a phase-wise manner, may not be advisable from safety point of view.

In view of the above, it is suggested to utilise the reclaimed land for afforestation purpose which will help improve the soil status i.e texture and nutrient levels, etc.

10.1.9.5 MANAGEMENT OF MINED-OUT VOID

In the quarry, the overburden removed completely from the first two years and partly from the third year is to be dumped over the existing quarry void on 36ha patch at its eastern end. Of the total overburden volume of 97.22Mm3, 7.66Mm3, removed over the initial years is to be dumped outside the working quarry. Present quarry, however, is an extension quarry – an extension of the presently working Basundhara (West) expansion 7.0 Mty. The 36 ha patch on the south eastern end of the expansion quarry has been earmarked for the above mentioned volume of 7.66 Mm3 of overburden removed during the first three years. By the end of Yr-1, a volume of 2.18 Mm3 of overburden will be accommodated in + 215.5m tier over 36ha patch dump site, followed by a further volume of 5.48Mm3 over the next two years upto +245m level. In Yr-3, 5.24Mm3 and from Yr-4 onwards the total volume of overburden removed from the quarry will be backfilled inside the extension quarry. A total volume of 89.56Mm3 is to be backfilled in this extension quarry, upto +360m, tier, shown in stage plans of Yr-3, Yr-5, Yr-10 and final stage dump plan.

10.1.9.5.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION Year-wise dumping schedule is given below : Table -10.4 : Dumping Schedule (M.cum)

Year of Programmed Programmed OB to internal OB to internal Operation total coal total OB dump-I* dump

Yr 1 1.50 2.18 2.18 --

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Yr 2 5.50 3.89 3.89 -- Yr 3 7.00 6.83 1.59 5.24 Yr 4 8.75 7.65 -- 7.65 Yr 5 8.75 10.05 -- 10.05 Yr 6 8.75 10.83 -- 10.83 Yr 7 8.75 10.81 -- 10.81 Yr 8 8.75 10.84 -- 10.84 Yr 9 8.75 10.98 -- 10.98 Yr 10 8.75 11.04 -- 11.04 Yr 11 8.75 10.75 -- 10.75 Yr 12 8.73 1.37 -- 1.37 TOTAL 92.73 97.22 7.66 89.56

Land reclamation

This is carried out in two distinct stages : - Technical reclamation - Biological reclamation

Table No-10.5 : Stagewise Landuse And Reclaimation Plan (Fig in Ha) 12th Sl. Present 3rd 5th 10th Landuse Category Year/ end of Total No. 1st year year year year mine Backfilled Area 1 (reclaimed with - - 2.00 28.00 138.35 168.35 plantation) Excavated area (Not 2 130.64 130.64 reclaimed) Void - 3 External OB dump 0.00

Concurrenlty spread over the backfilled area 4 Reclaimed top soil dump -

5 Green belt area 1.00 1.50 1.23 3.73

Undisturbed area 6 (brought under 2.75 -- -- 2.75

plantation) Roads (Avenue 7 1.00 2.51 3.51 Plantation) Area around 8 3.00 7.00 4.05 14.05 Infrastructure Total 7.75 11.01 7.28 28.00 138.35 323.03

(Apart from above 0.88 Ha will be remained as dipside slope area)

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Table No-10.6 : Stage wise Cumulative Plantation Others, Green belt External dump Backfilled area Total Undisturbed area Sl Year No of No of No of No of No of Area Area Area Area Area trees trees trees trees trees 1 1st yr-3rd yr 1 2500 0 0 7.75 19275 8.75 21775 2 3rd -5th yr 1.5 3750 2 5000 7.28 17949 10.78 26699 3 5th -10th yr 1.23 3075 28 70000 5.28 13200 34.51 86275 10th -12th Yr 4 (End of Mine 0 0 138.35 345875 0 0 138.35 345875 Life) Total 3.73 9325 168.35 420875 20.31 50424 192.39 480624

 Technical reclamation

- External OB dumping There is no external OB dump.

- Backfilling and reshaping of internal dump

The total ML area of this project is 323.92 ha, out of which 192.40 ha will be biologically reclaimed. Major part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain predetermined reduced level, the plots will be levelled, graded and cleared of large stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and levelled area will be divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain moisture and humus in the soil. The outer slope of each bench will be kept at the natural angle of repose of the spoil material and at overall slope angle of 28O considering all benches.

 Biological reclamation

 In internal dump 168.35 ha will be technically & biologically reclaimed.  Avenue plantation will be done for 3.51 ha.

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For successful biological reclamation of the reclaimed area, preference will be given to endemic species and mixed culture. The species will be selected carefully from the following groups for quick reclamation :

. Nitrogen fixing tree species for fuel wood, timber and fodder . Fruit bearing tree species . Tree species with dense foliage for shade . Flowering and ornamental tree species.

The area likely to be available after technical reclamation at different time horizon is indicated below :

 Quarry and internal dumps

Having backfilled the decoaled area with overburden, internal dumps will be reclaimed and then revegetated. The remaining void in the quarry will be developed as water harvesting structure as well as public utility lagoon which will serve following purposes :

. Source of supply of water for industrial and fire fighting purposes. . Source of supply of potable water after necessary treatment. . A place of bathing and washing for the local population. . Pisciculture. . For recharging the aquifer in the area.

For such purposes, the pathway to the reservoir is gently graded and the depth of water is limited.

AREA FOR RECLAMATION

(i) Land to be disturbed due to excavation : 299.87 ha

Area to be reclaimed after backfilling (ii) : 168.35 ha (Technically and Biologically)

 DETAILS OF RECLAMATION TECHNIQUE  Gradiant of terracee shall be gently sloping (1 in 50)  Angle of slope angle is 28o.  Top soil will be be spread over backfilled area.

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 FINANCIAL OUTLAY

Sl. Particulars Area in Ha Cost per Ha Total cost No. (Rs. Lakh) (Rs. Lakh) 1. Biological 168.35 10.0 1683.50 reclamation 2. Block Plantation 3.73 11.25 41.96 3. Other undisturbed 16.80 11.25 189.00 and around infrastructure

Running km Cost per Running km 4. Anenue Plantation 3.51 10.8 37.91 Total 192.39 - 1952.37

10.1.9.6 MANAGEMENT OF TOPSOIL

Topsoil is the top portion of the soil cover ranging in depth from 50-350 mm. It is the dark coloured (though it may not be true always due to the influence of parent rock), rich in active and decomposed organic material mixed with fine mineral particles with only small agglomoration. The nature takes above 100 years or more to build about 25mm of top soil.

10.1.9.6.1 Constituents of Topsoil:

It is the zone of eluviation which represents the top soil and easily distinguished physically from other horizon by its colour, texture and a thick accumulation of organic vegetative matter. In case of Intrazonal and Azonal soils, A- Horizon is not distinct although these soils possess topsoil. The constituents of top soil are: i) Plant Leaves and debris. ii) Semi-Decomposed and decomposed organic material (humus) solution of organic and carbonic acids. iii) Inorganic elements like Nirogen, Phosphorus, Potasium, Magnesium, Boron, Sulphur, Iron, Copper etc. iv) Micro-Organisms like microscopic bacteriam Fungi, Protozoa, earthworms etc.

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10.1.9.6.2 Formation of Topsoil

The biotic factors or Biological processes play the Vital role in the formation of Top soil. The factors responsible for the formation are:

i) Vegetation: The fallen leaves and the decayed vegetation contribute directly in the formation of himus. Further plants helpto maintain fertility by bringing inorganic minerals from the lower layers. ii) Micro-organisms: The microscopic bacteria , fungi, protozoa etc help directly in converting plants and animal remains into humus. Again these organisms become a part of the humus after death. Some microbacteria transforms atmospheric nitrogen into Nitrates and increase the Fertility. iii) Animals: The excreta of the burrowing type animals helps in the development of the topsoil. The ants and termites bring the soil from lower horizon to the surface. Similarly the earthworms contribute in mixing the organic renains with the minerals and then bring them to the surface.

10.1.9.6.3 Formation of Topsoil: Why preservation and Reuse of Topsoil?

Biological activity is a good indicator of the health of topsoil. To maintain maximum level of this activity, its preservation is highly essential. The topsoil is physically well textured , chemically highly fertile and biologically hughly active. The reuse of it is suggested due to following: i) Humus yields organic acids which assist soil solution. ii) It produces plant food i.e. Phosphorous, Calcium, Potassium, Nitrogen etc. iii) It retain soil moisture besides providing the desired arrangement of soil structure favourably for plant growth.

10.1.9.6.4 General depth of soil in : Its depth depends on following: i) Physiography.

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ii) Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall etc. iii) The uses to which the land has been put before.

In a mining block it is necessary to have a close soil survey to determine its depth. From the soil analysis available the approaximate depth of the topsoil of various mining blocks of Ib Coalfield is given below:

Name of Approax. Depth Topsoil texture Rematk the Block of topsoil (mm) Kulda 200-250 Sandy/Sandy Loam The depth varies from location to location in an Sandy Loam/ area and to be determined Basundhara 250-300 Loam at specific site before stripping,

10.1.9.6.5 Storage and preservation of topsoil: Topsoil undergo many changes during preservation. These are: (A) Changes in topsoil due to storage. i) Stockpiling has profound affects on the physicochemical and biological properties. ii) Biological activity diteriorates after 3 to 6 months of storage. iii) Stockpiling reduces organic content and affects the organic compound concerned in soil aggravation. iv) Aggregate stability is reduced to some extent due to storage. iv) Following three zones are developed in the topsoil mound during storage:  Aerobic zones: Soil is active in this zone  Transition zone: Fluctuates between predominantly aerobic and anaerobic status.  This zone is inactive and low in buological activity as well as organic content. (B) Methology of Stripping: The method of stripping should be normally by the scrappers only. The routing of scrappers during this operation must be planned to mininmise the travel of machines to avoid compaction and damage of soil structure. Furtherm careful control of operation is

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necessary to ensure planned stripping depths of the topsoil and sub- soil. These soils should be stripped and stored separately. Intermingling of these soils during stripping is not a good practice.

(C) It is essential that topsoil stripping is carried out when it is as dry as possible to reduce the risk of compaction and damage to the soil structure by smearing and remoulding. Prolonged rainfall is unsuitable. The best part of the year is when evapo-transportation exceeds precipitation i.e during the months of March-September.

(D) Geometry of Topsoil Heap: The heap should be constructed to facilitate the following:  To provide the maximum surface area for mantaining greater level of Biological activity.  To have slopes capable of sustaining vegetation to avoid erosion and gully formation.

Space constraints imposed by the site factors and soil texture would generally dictate the overll size and shape of the heap. As a rule of the thumb, the following stack geometry may be mantained as far as possible to preserve the topsoil and increase the shelf life.

a) Height: i) 4.0m (Max) for sand soil ii) 2.0 to 3.0 for loamy soil iii) 1.0 for heavy clayey soil iv) 0.5 to 1.0 for intermediate soil texture.

b) Slope: Wide slope of 1 in 3 (i.e 18.50 to the horizontal) If there is constraint in the availability od area, one or both pof the following strategies can be adopted:

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ALT-I An acoustic barrier of topsoil may be constructed in the safety zone near the working face. When the working face advances , the embankment away from it may be reclaimed and respread over the subsoil of the technically reclaimed area. This would abate the noise pollution besides noise preservation of topsoil and reduction of thr demand on the land requirement.

ALT-II Intial topsoil may be spread over the area to be mined. When the scope for progressive reclaimation is available, the respread topsoil along with the insitu one may be stripped carefully and utilised. This method would also preserve the topsoil and reduce the demand on landintake.

E) It is advisable to avoi the topsoil storage, specifically the longterm one. However if storage is unavoidable upon completion of the surface of the heap, the following steps are to be followed to keep the soil in good health and to increase its shelf life. a) Surface ripping with suitable sub-soiling machine for the purpose of aeration and relieving surface compaction. b) Immediate cultivation of suitable low maintanance species like dwarf grasses to prevent erosion and guily formation. c) Maintenance of surface vegetation actively by seeding, mowing, and weed control operation.

10.1.9.6.6 Topsoil Carpeting

The following golden rules need to be observed: i) Overburden, sub-soil and topsoil should be respread to correct sequence putting the topsoil on the top of the back filled area. ii) Top soil should be respread over the restoration area at an even depth so as to achieve the final level and suitable configuration for drainage. iii) As far as possible progressive top soil reclaimation technique should be practised. The topsoil from the area lying just ahead of the advancing

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opencast mine edge should be scrapped off by scrapper and immediately placed over the technically reclaimed area. iv) Compaction of topsoil after respreading over reclaimed area should be avoided by properly planning the movement of Earth Moving Machinery and carrying ou the operation in dry period only. v) If topsoil is to be reclaimed from the heap for spread in the backfilled area and OB dump area, the reclaimation should be planned in such a wat that materials from aerobic , transition and anaerobic zones are takem simultaneously. The above zones should not be taken out separately as it is essntial to use the active surface layer as ‘inoculum’ during soil respreading to recover the inactive portion of the mound as quickly as possible.

10.1.9.7 MANAGEMENT / DECOMMISSIONING OF INFRASTRUCTURE

The infrastructure like workshop, office buildings, residential colony, roads and transmission lines, etc., will be provided for the project. Considering the ground realities existing during the period just one year before mine closure, plan for reutilization in neighbouring mines or decommissioning will be made. If decommissioning of infrastructure is done, the land occupied by the infrastructure will be restored for some useful purpose. The cost for decommissioning will be met from the 'Fund' created for mine closure activities.

10.1.9.8 MANAGEMENT OF DISPOSAL OF MINING MACHINERY

The salvaging and shifting operation of mining machinery and other equipment will be planned considering the ground realities existing during the period 1 year advance of final closure of the mine.

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10.1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

10.1.10.1 MANAGEMENT OF HYDROLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY DURING MINE PERIOD AND POST MINING CLOSURE PERIOD.

 During mining period

. Assessment of hydrology and hydro-geology of the area

Investigations have been carried out in and around the area comprising of core and buffer zones of this project. The matter has been dealt.

. Estimation of ground water availability of the area

Ground water availability of the area comprising of core and buffer zones of this project has been assessed. . Water demand, dewatering of the mine and waste water management

The above details have been given in this report.

. Impact of the mine on ground water and surface water

The impacts have been assessed and given in this report.

 During post-mine closure period

Surface flow pattern of precipitation run-off and mine water has been discussed in this report.

 Management of recharge areas

Mining operation of this project will create voids or depressions, which will induce / accelerate rainfall recharge and decrease run-off in the mining area. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated mine discharge water totally to the extent possible by keeping the make of water in different sumps or low lying areas of the mine. The remaining water will be discharged to the natural drainage for ground water recharge in the same basin. The final voids of the quarry will be left as a water reservoir for water harvesting and also recharging the aquifer in the surrounding area.

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 Acceptable surface and ground water flows

The drainage arrangement for smooth disposal of storm water from OB dump will be made to avoid gully formation on the dump body and also siltation problem of the nearby natural drains.

10.1.10.2 DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENT FOR EXTERNAL OB DUMP & FOR INTERNAL DUMP

 Drainage arrangement for OB dumps

. Catch drain An open drain of appropriate size will be provided on all terraces at the foot of next bench to receive the storm water from upper benches. This will be discharged to the lower benches through masonry chute, thus minimizing gully formation in the slope of external dump.

. Foot drain A foot drain of proper size will be provided around the OB dump. This drain collects run-off from dump and directs it to settling tank/sedimentation pond before discharge to nearby natural water courses.

 Drainage arrangement for internal OB dumps A part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain predetermined reduced level, the plots will be leveled, graded and cleared of large stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and leveled area will be divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain moisture and humus in the soil. The drainage arrangements for precipitation run-off are as follows :

 During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal dump by foot drain for diverting to mine sump for pumping.

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 In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed area will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the quarry which will be developed as a water reservoir for water harvesting and also recharging the aquifer in the surrounding area. There is an intricate relationship between surface water and ground water. In the monsoon period, till the aquifer attains its original ground water level, surface water bodies like stream, ponds & lakes recharge the aquifer. As soon as ground water recoups and attains its level, it contributes again to surface water bodies. After post-monsoon period, this process is reversed again as ground water level gets lowered from the original level.

The mine dewatering brings down ground water level in the immediate vicinity of the mine. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated mine discharge water totally to the extent possible by keeping the make up water in different sumps or low lying areas of the project. In unusual situations during monsoon, mine discharge water will be allowed to go as recharge/run-off in the same basin of the area.

As such, this area is having an average annual rainfall of 1514 mm. This rainfall replenishes the annual ground water draft every year. This will enhance the recharge of the aquifer in the area for mitigating the lowering of ground water level in the area surrounding the mine.

10.1.10.3 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT

The core zone of the project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure area, OB dump sites, safety zone for blasting, etc., covers partly and/or fully the land from two (2) villages namely, Telendih Village (part of village Gopalpur) and Ratansara Village (Part). About 222 families will be displaced due to mining and other associated activities of this project. These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically along with other displaced such as major married sons, unmarried daughters of 30 years of age, etc., as per latest Norms of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006. Details of project affected families and project affected persons are given below:

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Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people Gopalpur (P) 105 283 Ratansara* 117 468 Total 222 751

*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on

16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.

These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006.

10.1.10.4 MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY

Air Quaility Impact Prediction has been done using AERMOD software and it has observed that with control measures the predicted absolute values of PM10 and PM2.5 levels is well within the permissible limit. Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures will be adopted for various operations like drilling operation, blasting operation, loading and transport, coal handling plant, fires at coalfaces and coal stock yard, OB dump(s) and workshop and stores, etc.

10.1.11 SOCIAL ASPECTS

10.1.11.1 REDEPLOYMENT OF WORKFORCE

Redeployment of workforce after completion of mine will be made in the expansion and nearby mines in the Ib Coalfields.

10.1.11.2 MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES

The peripheral village community facilities developed by the Mine Authority will be handed over to the Local Body / State Govt. for management.

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10.1.11.3 MANAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATION AND CONSULTATION WITH STAKE HOLDERS

The effective implementation of the mine closure plan requires detailed consultation with stake holders like employee, trade union, mine related business, state and central govt. agencies, etc. Association and consultation of different stake holders will make them actively involved, and thus smooth mine closure operation may be possible.

10.1.12 SAFETY & SECURITY ASPECTS

10.1.12.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

These aspects have been dealth in this report in detail.

10.1.12.2 CARE AND MAINTENANCE DURING TEMPORARY DISCONTINUANCE

The guidelines/instructions from DGMS will be followed in case of discontinuance of mine operation, if any.

10.1.12.3 MANAGEMENT OF FIRE

The measures for management of fire at coal faces in the mine and coal stockyard as given in the Chapter-VII of this report, will be adopted / to be adopted and there will be no safety hazards for the neighbouring community after the mine closure.

10.1.12.4 SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Special precaution should be taken while deploying workers in the mine. Before employing any labour in the mine proper vocational training should be imparted and recommendations of the latest Safety Conference should be strictly followed. Management for deployment of labours by outside agency shall fix terms and conditions. Some of the major aspects are as follows:

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A) FOR PERSONS i) No persons shall be deployed unless he is trained at VTC ii) Records in Form-B, Form-D shall be maintained. iii) Records of Vocational training Certificate and driving license of operators shall be kept by HEMM outsourcing agency and shall be made readily available for inspection by management. iv) No person shall be employed unless person holds VTC certificate and Management is informed. A record of it shall be maintained. v) Qualified competent persons shall maintain adequate supervision. vi) Outside agency shall follow safety guidelines and safety instruction from Project Authorities.

B) FOR MACHINERIES AS RECOMMENDED BY DGMS CIR. (TECH.) 1 OF 1999. i) All the machineries to be deployed in mines should be checked before deployment by competent authority. ii) Regular checking of m/c deployed by outside agency shall be done. No unfit machine shall be deployed before the defect is rectified. iii) A proper record of repair and maintenance along with inspection done by management and defect pointed out shall be maintained and signed by authorized person. iv) The trucks deployed outside agency shall be provided with Audio visual alarms, proper light for use at night and period when natural light is not sufficient. Also audio-visual alarms for reversing on trucks shall be provided.

C) OTHER PRECAUTIONS FOR MACHINE i) RTO certificate photo copies of all vehicles shall be submitted to management ii) Daily welding, monitoring, inspection shall be done by the agency’s mechanic as directed by management. iii) Machine manufacturers should be asked to give risk analysis details in respect machines deployed by outside agencies.

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iv) Suitable type of the fire extinguishers shall be provided in every machine. v) No person/vehicle shall be deployed at any place other than authorised place. vi) All worker should obey lawful instruction of mine management. vii) Risk management Plan shall be made and implemented. viii) All driver shall obey systematic traffics rules prepared by management ix) Before deploying workers they must be trained and briefed about safety aspects in opencast mine. However, during course of execution of the work, if any accident occurs whether major or minor, the matter shall have to be immediately informed to mine management i.e. Colliery Manager/Agent/GM of the area so that Notices of accidents in a accordance of (Reg.9 of CMR 1957) and Section 23 of Mines Act 1952 may be given and other necessary steps may be taken in accordance with the Mines Act 1952. x) Outside agency shall operate transport system in such a way so as to minimize pollution in the mine.

STABILITY OF BENCHES, QUARRY HIGHWALLS AND SPOIL DUMPS:

During quarry operations, it is necessary to adopt required mining parameters for the stability of benches, high walls and spoil dumps. It is also mandatory to examine systematically the fencing of mine workings, landslides and cracks between benches. It is required to maintain well-graded and wide roads on benches keeping the width of working areas sufficient for spreading of blasted rock and movement of the mining and transport equipment. During actual mining operation, systematic observations of the conditions of benches high wall slopes and spoil dumps should be carried out and the dimensions be modified if necessary to suit the local conditions.

PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGER OF INUNDATION FROM SURFACE WATER

1) A careful assessment is to be made against the danger from surface water before on the onset of rainy seasons. The necessary precautions should be clearly laid down and implemented. A garland drain needs to

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be provided to drain away the surface rainwater from coming into the mine. 2) Inspections for any accumulation of rainwater, obstruction in normal drainage and weakening in embankment. 3) Standing order; for withdrawal of working persons in case of apprehended danger. 4) During heavy rain inspection of vulnerable points is essential. In case of any danger persons are to be withdrawn to safer places. 5) Nallah or water inlets may be diverted or isolated by embankments/if so required.

PREVENTIONS OF FLOODING OF EQUIPMENT DEPLOYED AT BOTTOM HORIZONS

During the heavy monsoon period, the mining operation in the lower-most bench may have to be stopped. Therefore, it is proposed to drawn the lowest bench, which would work as a sump. The water will be pumped out and discharged into the drain through settling tank. For ensuring safety of the equipment while working out horizons with no access to surface profile, the following measures should be taken:

1) Drivage of initial trenches and coal cutting benches should be done during the dry period of the year. 2) Ramps should be made for quick shifting of equipment from bottom horizons, liable to be flooded during monsoon period, to the top horizons.

PREVENTION OF ELECTRIC SHOCKS

During mining operations, all the statutory provisions of the Indian Electricity Rules 1956, and the Indian Standards for installation and maintenance of electrical equipment etc. should be observed.

1) For protection from electric shocks to persons, from electrical equipment with high voltage, Earth Leakage Relay should be provided which will automatically disconnect electrical circuits.

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2) Closed mobile substations and switchgears should be mechanically interlocked which exclude the possibility of opening the door when oil switch and air circuit breaks are in operation. 3) All metal parts of electrical equipment should be properly earthed to avoid failure of insulation. 4) All H.T. lines and cables located within the blasting zones should be disconnected during blasting operations.

DUST SUPPRESSION & DILUTION OF EXHAUST FUMES

The following measures should be adopted for dust suppression at all quarry working places, dumps, haul roads, CHP and near auxiliary mining operations:

1) Spraying with water on all working faces & haul roads, by special spraying machines or water-sprinkler. 2) While drilling holes, it is necessary to use dust extraction devices. 3) Installation of local dust suppression and air conditioning devices in cabins of excavators and drilling rigs may be considered. 4) Levelling of spoil dump surface. 5) Separate dust suppression arrangement should be provided for CHP.

To prevent collection of harmful mixture in the atmosphere, from the different sections of quarry working, it is recommended:-

1) To spread out the sources of dust formation and omission of harmful gases throughout the working area of the quarry. 2) Drilling & blasting operations should be timed for periods of maximum wind activity during the day. 3) Dumpers may be provided with purifiers for exhaust gases.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PREVENTION

In addition to statutory provisions, the measures for firefighting and prevention of fires are as follows:

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1) Organization of special cell for systematic observations to examine and prevent fire. 2) Removal of spillage of coal on benches and cleaning of coal horizons to prevent cases of coal heating. 3) Storage of lubricants and cotton waste in enclosed fireproof containers in working places. 4) Provisions of fire extinguishers

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHILE DRILLING BLASTING

Following measures should be taken while drilling and blasting operations in the quarry:

1) Drilling and Blasting in quarry should be done in accordance with the provisions of Mines Safety Act, rules and regulations. 2) Adequate safety measures have to be taken during blasting operation in the quarry so that men/machine are not affected.

10.1.13 FINANCIAL ASPECTS

COST OF EXECUTING THE MINE CLOSURE ACTIVITIES AND POST- PROJECT MONITORING

Activity wise Progressive & Final Mine Closure cost distribution is given below:

Manpower Mine Closure Cost Sl. ACTIVITY Required (percentage Remarks No. (No.) weightage) A Dismantling of Structures Service Buildings 42 0.2 To be included in final mine Residential Buildings 101 2.67 closure plan Industrial structures like CHP, Workshop, field sub-station, 125 0.3 etc. Permanent Fencing of mine void and other dangerous B area To be included in final mine Random rubble masonry of height 1.2 metre including closure plan 87 1.5 leveling up in cement concrete 1:6:12 in mud mortar

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C Grading of highwall slopes To be included in final mine Levelling and grading of highwall slopes 54 1.77 closure plan D OB Dump Reclamation 71% for progressive and Handling/Dozing of OB Dump and backfilling 396 88.66 17.66% for final mine closure.

Technical and Bio-reclamation including plantation and post Equal weightage throughout 130 0.4 care. the life of the mine.

E Landscaping

Landscaping of the open space in leasehold area for Equal weightage throughout 17 0.3 improving its esthetics an eco value the life of the mine.

F Plantation To be included in final mine Plantation over cleared area obtained after dismantling Included in ‘D’ 0.5 closure plan

Equal weightage throughout Plantation around the quarry area and in safety zone Included in ‘D’ 0.2 the life of the mine.

Equal weightage throughout Plantation over the external OB Dump Included in ‘C’ 0.02 the life of the mine.

Post Closure Env Monitoring / testing of parameters for G three years For three years after mine Air Quality 0.22 closure Water Quality 8 0.2 Entrepreneurship Development (Vocational/skill To be out- Equal weightage throughout H development training for sustainable income of affected 0.26 sourced the life of the mine. people

To be out- Equal weightage throughout I Miscellaneous and other mitigative measures 2.0 sourced the life of the mine.

Included in ‘A’ To be included in final mine J Post Closure Manpower cost for supervision 0.8 to ‘F’ closure plan TOTAL 100.00

MINE CLOSURE COST The cost of the mine closure of the project has been estimated comprising of cost of reclamation of mined out area, cost of air quality protection measure, decommissioning cost of infrastructure, cost of safety & security, socio-economic cost, cost of organization for executing the closure activities, cost of post project monitoring for three years, rehabilitation of mining machinery (disposal of mining machinery), arboriculture and land scaping including biological reclamation and cost of barbed wire fencing all around working area.

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The mine closure cost as mentioned above, for Basundhara west Extension OCP has been considered Rs.8.476 lakh per ha [as per WPI (Nov., 2016) (provisional)].

Annual closure cost has been computed considering the total project area as per guide line. The Money to be levied per hectare of the total project are to be deposited every year after commencement of any activity on the land for the mine after opening an Escrow Account. Mining Company/owner including all Public Sector Unertakings will deposit the yearly amount in a Schdeluded Bank. The details of the final mine Closure Plan along with the details of the cost estimate for various mine closure activites and Escrow Account shall be submitted to the Ministry of Coal for approval. An amount equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life compounded @ 5% annually. Annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total project area at the above mentioned rates and dividing the same by the life of mine. When implementation of the final mine closure scheme is undertaken by the mine owner starting five years before the scheduled closure of mining operations, the Coal Controller may permit withdrawals (four years before final mine closure date) from the Escrow Account propositionate to the quantum of work carried out, as reimbursement. The withdrawn amount shall not exceed 80% of the total amount deposited in the account.

Total Project area involved : 323.92 Ha Mine closure cost/Ha (November 2016 cost base) : Rs.8.487 lakh Total Mine closure cost (November 2016 cost base) : Rs.2749.11 lakh

PHASING OF MINE CLOSURE COST

The annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total leasehold area (Total project area) and dividing the same by the life of the mine. An amount equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life compounded @5% annually.

Total mine closure cost estimated : Rs.2749.11 lakhs Life of the project : 12 years

Out of the 12 years last 5 years are for final implementation of mine closure activities, for annual cost calculations 12 years period has been considered:

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Annual mine closure amount to be deposited with Coal Controller:

2749.11 lakhs/12 years = 229.09 lakhs per year.

Yearly phasing of mine closure cost is as below:

Year Mine closure cost( Rs. in lakh) Yr-1 229.09 Yr-2 240.55 Yr-3 252.57 Yr-4 265.20 Yr-5 278.46 Yr-6 292.38 Yr-7 307.00 Yr-8 322.35 Yr-9 338.47 Yr-10 355.39 Yr-11 373.16 Yr-12 391.82 TOTAL 3646.44

Total estimated mine closure cost compounded @5% annually for 12 years is : Rs. 3646.44 lakhs.

The mine closure cost deposited and amount released to mine owner/lease holder will be as per guidelines issued by Ministry of Coal vide letter no.55011-01- 2009-CPAM, Dt.7/1/2013.

RELEASE OF FUND FOR MINE CLOSURE As per the mine closure rule up to 80% of the total deposited amount including interest accrued in the ESCROW account may be released after every five years in the line with the periodic examination of the Closure Plan.

10.2 POST-OPERATIONAL STAGE LAND USE PLAN LANDSCAPE Pre Mining and post mining land use has already been discussed in para 10.1.9.3.

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10.2.1 MANAGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

 Industrial Structures

As far as possible, industrial structures will be utilised by the adjacent projects. However, if these structures are not found fit at the end of mine life, the same will be dismantled and salvaged. The equipment will be removed and used somewhere else. Every effort will be made to restore the area to economic utilisation value as per the mine closure plan.

 Service Buildings and Colony

In association with the appropriate agencies (Central/State/Social Organisation), these buildings will be utilised for some beneficial purposes to be identified for mine closure planning during one year before closure of the mine. The vacant land within the leasehold area will be afforested and made fit for purposeful usage.

10.3 CONTROL MEASURES FOR TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

The following control measures are adopted and shall be continued:

. Frequent water sprinkling on haul roads and coal transportation roads.

. Plantation on both sides of the roads on the surface.

. Proper maintenance of road to remove ruts and potholes.

. Proper illumination of roads including haul road.

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Chapter – 11

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Project Report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MCL Board on 28.02.2017.

The Mining Plan and Mine Closure Plan of Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MoC vide Letter No. 4012/(04)/2011-CPAM dated 22-03-2017.

EAC had recommended Terms of Reference (ToR) for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb, 2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The EIA-EMP has been prepared incorporating all the ToR items. Details of the mine lease area is as follows:

 Land Details– Mining Lease Area (Area in Ha) Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total

Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87 Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48 Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57 External OB dumps ------Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92

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Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85 Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85 Total 227.62 142.15 369.77

 Location details of Basundhara (W) Extn. OCP

Coalfield : Ib Valley coalfield

Area : Basundhara Tahsil : Himgir District : Sundergarh o o Latitudes : 22 03'41.14" to 22 04'41.75" N o o Longitudes : 83 40'22.90" to 83 42'18.75" E Toposheet No. : 64 N/12 (RF 1:50,000)

 Communication

Sl. Item Distance Nearest revenue town & Dist. 1. Sundergarh (46 km) HQ 2. Connection to the State Capital 450 km to Bhubaneswar via NH-55 Connection to the company 150 km via Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, 3. HQrs, Burla Sambalpur Himgir railway station on Mumbai – Howrah 4. Nearest railhead line of South Eastern railway is at a distance of about 35km. Veer Surendra Sai Airport Jharsuguda is at 5. Airport distance of approx. 70 Km.

 Topography, Drainage & Climate

The block under reference is represented by forest land, river and paddy field. Major part of the block is however, covered by forest land. Chaturdhara nala flowing west to east in the southern boundary of the block separates the blocks from Siarmal /Banapatra blocks. The general topography of the block is undulating and is mostly forest land and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in the block. The general altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334 metres. The area experiences a sub-tropical warm temperature. About 70% of rainfall occurs during rainy season i.e. June to Sept.

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The distance of water bodies are as follows:

S.No. Water body Distance & Direction (approx.) 1. Basundhara River Adjacent (E) 2. Telendra Nala 94 m (S) 3. Barhajharia Nala 230 m (W) 4. Bhaina Jhor 3.4 Km (NE) 5. Albahaljhor 6.64 Km (SW) 6. Ichcha Nadi 8.65 Km (NE)

 Description of Core Zone

 Description of Buffer Zone  The buffer zone i.e. area within 10 km radius from the periphery of the project boundary.  Basundhara West OC, Kulda OC and Garjanbahal OCP are located in buffer zone.  Basundhara river and Telendra nala flow at adjacent of mine and 94 m respectively.  The reserve forests falling in the buffer zone are Kalatpani RF,Jamkani RF, Garjanpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kurumkel RF, Aradlungri RF  Ecologically sensitive areas such as national park, sanctuary, biosphere, etc. are not present within 10 km radius from the project.

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 Geo-Mining Characteristics:

Sl. As per Extn. PR Particulars Unit No. (8.75 Mty)

1 Area i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05 ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35 2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73 3 Overburden M cum 97.22 4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05 5 Annual production Mt 8.75 6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12 7 Strike length i) Minimum m 951 ii) Maximum m 2757 8 Depth of quarry i) Minimum m 3 ii) Maximum m 116 9 Avg. seam thickness m 24.05 10 Gradient - 30 - 80 11 Quarry perimeter Total m 8653.82

 Coal Winning and OB Removal

Particulars Type of machinery Coal winning & Coal will produced by Surface miner and loading by Front transportation End loader to dumper.

OB removal & OB will be removed by Shovel-Dumper Combination. transportation

 Manpower

The total manpower required for the project is 854.

 Water demand & supply arrangement

Total for 8.75 Mty Potable (in Kld) 500 Industrial (in Kld) 1510 Total (in Kld) 2010

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11.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

To assess the existing environmental scenario, baseline data has been generated for various environmental components (such as air, water &noise) by M/s Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. during the period 4th November 2017 to 3rd February 2018. The flora fauna & Socio-Economic study was done by M/s. VRDS Consultants. The detailed report is given in EIA/ EMP.

For baseline data of ambient air quality, Nine (9) monitoring stations (1 in Core zone & 8 in Buffer zone) were fixed on the basis of meterological parameters like predominant wind direction and wind speeds besides physiography of the area. Twenty four (24) hourly data have been generated for each parameter i.e.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX at each monitoring station for two days in a week for four consecutive weeks in a month for three months i.e. 4th November 2017 to 3rd February 2018. The average concentration levels (24 hrly) of all parameters for all buffer zone stations are well within the permissible limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2009.

The baseline data w.r.t water quality of various inland surface water and ground water sources had been generated. Nine (9) sampling stations covering surface water, ground water and mine water discharge were selected in the core zone and buffer zone of the project. The analysis shows that various physical and chemical parameters are within permissible limit.

The ambient noise level (leq) measurement for the project covering both core zone and buffer zone stations (9 stations) are within the permissible limits. The flora & fauna study was conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s. VRDS Consultants.

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The Socio Economic Study in Core & Buffer area based on primary and secondary survey conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s. VRDS Consultants. The study area comprises of rural area of district Sundergardh, Odisha.

The following villages are likely to be affected due to mining & its related activities:

Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people Gopalpur (P) 105 283 Ratansara* 117 468 Total 222 751

*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on

16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.

These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006.

11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

There will be impacts on different environmental components e.g. air, water, noise, flora & fauna, land etc. due to mining and its related activities which are described below:

11.3.1 Impact on air quality & control measures

Ambient air quality will be affected due to presence of PM10 PM2.5, SO2&

NOX which will begenerated due to various activities related to project. To predict the impact on the air quality, Air Quality Impact Predict was done using AERMOD software.

It has been observed that the maximum incremental value of PM10 was found at Telendih (core zone) as 29.61 µg/m3 without control measures and 3 21.59 µg/m with control measures. The absolute values of PM10 at Telendih

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village with control measures is observed as 120.01 µg/m3 which is well within the permissible limit of 250 µg/m3 as per coal mine standards.

In buffer zone also at all eight stations the value of PM10 and PM2.5 has

been observed well within permissible limit of NAAQS 2009 except value of PM10

at Ghogharpali village. To further bring down the value of PM10 at Ghogharpali village additional control measures (eg. Fog canon) will be deployed. Apart from this three tier green belt will also be developed at down wind direction to arrest the particulate matter.

Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures which will be adopted are as follows:

. All drills are/will be equipped with dust extractors and wet drilling is recommended in all drilling operation. . Coal production is being/ will be done by blast free environmental friendly Surface Miner. . Controlled blasting technique is done/ will be donein OB benches to minimize generation of dust. . All effort is being/ will be made to keep Un-metaled roads free of ruts. . Covering of coal transportation trucks with tarpaulin at top and bottom. . Suppression of dust by fixed sprinklers in Railway sidings, coal stocks etc.. By mobile water tankers on haul road/coal transport road. . Provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements. . Greenbelt & plantation in mining area, safety zone area, other places etc.

11.3.2 Impact on Noise level & control measures

i. Impacts The major adverse impacts during pre-mining and mining phases are generation of obnoxious levels of noise & vibrations which also spread in neighbouring communities.

ii. Control measures The following control measures shall be taken:

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. Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built mechanisms like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise generating parts and shock absorbing pads at the foundation of vibrating equipment. . Routine maintenance of equipment. . Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery. . Locating township away from noise centre. . HEMMs with sound proof cabins. . Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise areas. . Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.

11.3.3 Impact due to blast & vibration and control measures

Blasting may affect the mineworkers as well as people residing in the vicinity of mine and dependent upon the type & quantity of explosives used pit geology, topography and confinement of the blast.

Control measures:  All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed  Overcharging will be avoided.  Stemming material to be used is sand.  Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube initiation system, between rows and between holes in the same row.  Before blasting is done, warning sound is given so that people can move to safe places.  A blasting danger zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry. This zone will be kept free from village habitation and community infrastructure.

11.3.4 Impact on land resource & control measures

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CMPDI recreation sites, housing, forestry areas, etc. Land reclamation / restoration of mined out lands may give rise to enhanced beneficial land use.

Control measures

 In proposed project there is no external dumping. All the OBs will be dumped internally.  During pre-mining the total forest land involved in the project is 227.62 Ha, however at the time of post mining total plantation area will be 192.40 Ha. Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area. So greencover is almost upto the premining stage.  Topsoil shall be progressively and concurrently utilized during physical/technical reclamation of backfilled area, thus obviating the necessity of storage of topsoil separately.  Proper afforestation / plantation are to be carried out for greenbelt development.

11.3.5 Impact on socio-economic condition & control measures

The major impactsare given below: i. Displacement and rehabilitation / resettlement of PAFs, including change in culture, heritage & related features. ii. Loss of agricultural land iii. General improvement of economy of area. iv. Creation of new employment opportunities. v. Increase in revenue of the state exchequer.

Control Measures  Two village are likely to be affected due to mining & its related activities of proposed projects. Total PAF’s involved are 316. These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006

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11.3.6 Impacts on flora and fauna

Impacts:

 As this is an existing mine, normal mining activities are expected to continue in the area which will result in modification of landscape. However, Changes brought about in the landscape, due to mining will be reclaimed as per Post Mining Plan.  As the forest within lease area and in near vicinity is already degraded, presence of wild animals is minimal. However, the forest of the neighboring Forest Division is anticipated to support faunal ecosystem.

Control Measures:

 The enhancement of forest area should be done through technical and biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation, compensatory afforestation, creation of greenbelt and avenue plantation.  Water body created by the final voids will be beneficial to flora and aquatic ecosystem as the area is prone to water scarcity.  Top Soil Management during the mining phase is highly recommended for restoration and reclamation of mine spoil sites through nutrient rich top soil.  The mine water should not be discharged to neighboring water bodies. If required, water is discharged only after suitable treatment. No adverse impact on downstream aquatic life of surface water courses is expected.  Green Belt Development for abating air pollution and enhancing green cover.

11.3.7 Impact on hydrology & hydro-geology and control measures

(i) Impacts  Siltation and chocking of water courses.  Deterioration of water quality & pollution of water bodies.  Due to excavation, decline in ground water in the immediate vicinity.

(ii) Control measures . The backfilling of the decoaled area will reduce the mine seepage resulting to restore ground water.

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. Recycling of wastewater at some sources after appropriate treatment to achieve "zero discharge" to the extent possible.

. The quality of the treated effluents will be maintained as per norm..

. Reuse of treated water for watering of plants.

. Provision of Oil & grease traps and settling chambers for industrial effluents from workshop and reuse of treated water.

. Provision of garland drain and sedimentation pond/settling tank around mine boundary.

. Storm water drainage arrangement.

11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

For effective implementation of various environmental control measures and subsequently monitoring the same, permanent environmental management organisations are essential at corporate, area and project levels. The various environmental attributes like air quality, water quality, effluent quality, noise level, etc. is being and will be monitored as per the following schedules:

For air quality Two days in a month at each station (once in a fortnight). For water and Once in a month for each station (for drinking water quality), effluent once in a fortnight (for 4 parameters) and once in a year (23 quality parameters) (for effluent quality) For ground 4 times in a year (i.e., April/May, August, November & water level January) monitoring For noise Once in a day-time and once in a night-time in every level fortnight at each station.

11.5 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed expansion project will enhance the socio-economic activities in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:  Improvement in Physical Infrastructure in the area  Improvement in Social Infrastructure  Increase in Employment Potential

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 Accelerated economic activities and urbanization may increase quality of life and standard of living.  Contribution of Direct tax, sales tax , Royalty etc to the National Exchequer  Post-closure Enhancement of Green Cover MCL, as a responsible corporate organization, is playing a significant role in developing the region around its mines in the State of Odisha.MCL takes up various infrastructural development works in the surrounding area covering the felt needs of the local community.

11.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

A well defined Environment Management Plan will be implemented as described in EIA/EMP for proper monitoring and ensuring proper implementation of suggestive mitigative measures. For ensuring the effectiveness of mitigative measures routine environmental monitoring is being and will be done as per the conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance letter. For effective implementation of various environmental control measures and subsequently monitoring the same, dedicated technical personnel are being and will be deployed at corporate, area and project levels.

11.7 CONCLUSION

To meet the increasing demand of power in the country, more and more super thermal power stations are being planned in western, northern and eastern India, majority of which are coal based and may be linked from Ib-valley coalfield. Hence, considering the demand of coal and quarriable potential of the blocks, formulation of the proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast Project for rated capacity of 8.75 Mty is justified.

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Chapter-12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

12.1 NAME OF CONSULTANT

Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited. Briefly, it is called as ‘CMPDI’. It is an ISO 9001 Company. It is also A category accredited consultant by QCI/NABET in Mining of Minerals, Coal Washeries and Thermal Power Plants Projects. The Certificate of accreditation vide No. NABET/EIA/1720/ RA 0092 is valid till 01.10.2020. Its registered corporate office is situated at Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi – 834031, the capital city of Jharkhand State. It operates through seven strategically located Regional Institutes over six states territories of India. Details of all seven Institutes including its corporate office are given as in Table-12.1.

Table-12.1 SI Addresses Offices Tel/Fax No. Postal E-Mail Website Gondwana Place, Kanke http://www. +916512231850 / 1 Corporate Road, Ranchi-834031, [email protected] cmpdi.co.in 51 / 52 Jharkhand West End, GT Road, Regional +913412253504/ 2 Asansole – 713301, West [email protected] Institute-I +913412250935 Bengal Koyla Bhawan, Koyla Nagar, Regional +913262230789/ 3 Dhanbad- 826005, [email protected] Institute-II +913262230500 Jharkhand Gondwana Place, Kanke Regional +916512231506/ 4 Road, Ranchi-834031, [email protected] Institute-III +916512231501 Jharkhand Regional Kasturba Nagar, Jaripatka, +917122642134/ 5 [email protected] Institute-IV Nagpur- 440014 +917122643231 SECL Complex, Seepat Regional +917752246482/ 6 Road, Bilaspur-495006, [email protected] Institute- V +917752246481 Chhatisgarh. CWS Colony, P.O. Jayant +917805222329, Regional 7 Colliery, Singrauli- 486890, [email protected] 222172 / Institute-VI M.P. +917805222330 Near Gandhi Park, Regional Samantapuri, PO:RRL, +916742392627 8 [email protected] Institute-VII Bhubaneswar-751013, +916742394143 Odisha

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All the above Regional Institutes are dedicated to render services to seven subsidiaries of the CIL as follows: Table-12.2 Sl. No. Institutes Dedicated to 1 Regional Institute-I Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (ECL) 2 Regional Institute-II Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (BCCL) 3 Regional Institute-III Central Coalfields Ltd. (CCL) 4 Regional Institute-IV Western Coalfields Ltd. (WCL) 5 Regional Institute-V South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (SECL) 6 Regional Institute-VI Northern Coalfields Ltd. (NCL) 7 Regional Institute-VII Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd. (MCL)

Headquarter Ranchi is committed to render services to NEC & Non-CIL clients and specialized assignments for both CIL & Non-CIL clients.

12.2 BRIEF RESUME OF THE CONSULTANTS

The company was formerly known as Coal Mines Authority Limited. And, the Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (herein after called as CMPDI) is a planning & design division of Coal India Limited (herein after called as CIL) as per Memorandum of Association of the company. The CIL is a holding company since November 01, 1975, and the CMPDIL is one of its subsidiaries since then. It is under Ministry of Coal, Government of India.

CMPDI is a premier consultant in open-pit and underground mine planning and design in coal, lignite and other minerals. CMPDI holds a position of eminence in the field of environmental engineering both in coal and other sectors. CMPDI has well equipped network of 6 laboratories located in various coalfields to regularly monitor air, water noise parameters.

New generation exploration technology coupled with skilled manpower has made CMPDI a leader in mineral exploration, resource evaluation, resource management, mining geology, hydro-geological & geophysical studies, engineering geology investigations, etc.

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12.3 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION

CMPDI is routinely dealing with multi-dimensional environmental complexities of the coal and mineral sector to promote environmentally benign mining design and mitigation practices in India & abroad.

The services include EIA/EMPs for mining and coal beneficiation projects, planning & design of Pollution Control Facilities (Industrial & Domestic Effluent treatment Plants), Mine Closure Plan, Slope Stability analysis for dumps & high walls and regular environmental monitoring (air, water and noise level). The environmental laboratory at CMPDI (HQ) is accredited by NABL with ISO-9001 certification.

CMPDI is also accredited by National Board of Education & Training (NABET), an organ of Quality Council of India (QCI), New Delhi as an EIA Consulting Organization for two sectors namely mining of minerals including opencast / underground mining and Coal washeries as per the requirement of Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India.

12.3.1 SERVICES OFFERED

1. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)/ Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 2. Environmental Monitoring 3. Environmental Statement and Mine Closure Plan 4. Slope Stability and Soil Conservation Studies 5. Engineering Services 6. Land Use Planning 7. Rain Water Harvesting 8. Fly Ash Disposal Studies 9. Research & Development 10. Laboratory Services

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