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Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory vi National Institute of Standards and Technology William Jeffrey Director Technology Administration Michelle O’Neill Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez Secretary Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory FY 2005 Programs and Accomplishments Ceramics, Materials Reliability, Metallurgy, NIST Center for Neutron Research, and Polymers Divisions Richard F. Kayser, Director Stephen W. Freiman, Deputy Director NISTIR 7248 December 2005 i Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. ii Table of Contents Table of Contents Director’s Message ...................................................................................................................1 Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory Organization Chart .........................................2 Year in Review Ceramics Division ...............................................................................................................3 Materials Reliability Division ...............................................................................................5 Metallurgy Division .............................................................................................................7 Polymers Division ...............................................................................................................9 NIST Center for Neutron Research ................................................................................. 11 Nanometrology ........................................................................................................................13 Mechanical Metrology for Small-Scale Structures ...........................................................14 Nanomechanics: Atomistics in Modeling and Experiments ............................................. 15 Modulus Mapping at the Nanoscale..................................................................................16 Reference Specimens for SPM Nanometrology ..............................................................17 Nanotribology and Surface Properties .............................................................................. 18 Chemistry and Structure of Nanomaterials ......................................................................19 Nanotube Processing and Characterization ......................................................................20 Carbon Nanotube Applications: The Role of Nanotube Alignment ................................. 21 Combinatorial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties ........................................................ 22 Soft Nanomanufacturing ...................................................................................................23 Defects in Polymer Nanostructures..................................................................................24 Critical Dimension Small Angle X-Ray Scattering ...........................................................25 Nanoimprint Lithography ..................................................................................................26 Nanomagnetodynamics .....................................................................................................27 Materials for Ultra-Low-Field Magnetic Sensors.............................................................28 A New Type of Antisymmetric Magnetoresistance in Materials with Perpendicular Anisotropy ......................................................................29 Nanostructure Fabrication Processes: Surface & Growth Stress During Thin Film Electrodeposition ........................................30 Multiscale Modeling of Quantum Dots in Semiconductors ...............................................31 Brillouin Light Scattering: Dynamic Elastic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures .........................................32 iii Table of Contents Materials for Electronics ......................................................................................................... 33 Multifunctional Electronic Ceramics ................................................................................. 34 Spectroscopy, Diffraction, and Imaging of Electronic Materials ......................................35 Theory and Modeling of Electronic Materials .................................................................. 36 Advanced Materials for Energy Applications ................................................................... 37 Polymer Photoresists for Nanolithography .......................................................................38 Organic Electronics ...........................................................................................................39 Nanoporous Low-k Dielectric Constant Thin Films ......................................................... 40 Electrical Methods for Mechanical Testing ......................................................................41 Thermochemical Metrology of Interfacial Stabilities ........................................................ 42 Combinatorial Metal Selection for Catalytic Growth of ZnO Semiconductor Nanowires ...................................................................................43 Advanced Processes and Materials for On-Chip Interconnects ......................................44 Pb-free Surface Finishes: Sn Whisker Growth................................................................45 Materials for Advanced Si CMOS ....................................................................................46 Metrology and Standards for Electronic and Optoelectronic Materials ...................................................................................................47 Nano-Structured Materials for Sensors and Ultra-high Density Data Storage ......................................................................................48 Advanced Manufacturing Processes ......................................................................................49 Mechanisms for Delivery of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data .....................................51 FiPy: An Adaptable Framework for Phase Field and Level Set Modeling ....................................................................................................52 Metrology Tools to Accelerate Industrial Development of Solid State Hydrogen Storage Materials ......................................................................53 Fundamental Nature of Crack Tips in Glass ..................................................................... 54 Hardness Standardization: Rockwell, Vickers, Knoop.....................................................55 NIST Combinatorial Methods Center Pioneer and Partner in Accelerated Materials Research ........................................... 56 Polymer Formulations: Materials Processing and Characterization on a Chip ...................................................... 57 Quantitative Polymer Mass Spectrometry ........................................................................58 Standard Tests and Data for Sheet Metal Formability .....................................................59 Microstructural Origins of Surface Roughening and Strain Localizations ....................................................................................................60 Underlying Processes of Plastic Deformation in Metal Alloys ........................................61 Evaluation of Friction Behavior During Metal Forming ....................................................62 iv Table of Contents Biomaterials .............................................................................................................................63 Combinatorial Methods for Rapid Characterization of Cell-Surface Interactions ..............................................................................................64 Cellular Level Measurements ........................................................................................... 65 Cell Response to Tissue Scaffold Morphology .................................................................66 3-Dimensional In Situ Imaging for Tissue Engineering: Exploring Cell/Scaffold Interaction in Real Time .............................................................67 Broadband CARS Microscopy for Cellular/Tissue Imaging ............................................ 68 Response of Tissues and Tissue-Engineered Constructs to Mechanical Stimulation .................................................................................................69 Mechanical Behavior of Tissue.........................................................................................70 Materials Design for Biomechanical Structures ...............................................................71 Molecular Design and Combinatorial Characterization of Polymeric Dental Materials .......................................................................................... 72 Safety and Reliability ...............................................................................................................73 Analysis of Structural Steel from the World Trade Center ...............................................74 Infrastructure Reliability: Charpy
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