Közép-Afrikai Köztársaság a Bukott Államok Közé Került

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Közép-Afrikai Köztársaság a Bukott Államok Közé Került Az afrikai kontinens középső régiójában elhelyezkedő állam a függetlenség elnyerése óta megszenvedi a törzsi-etnikai megosztottságra épülő politikai polarizációt, a gazdasági el- maradottságot, az egykori gyarmatosító hatalom érdekérvényesítő törekvéseit. A 2011-et követő rövid életű stabilizációt követően kiújult belpolitikai bizonytalanság, az állam biz- tonsági környezetben zajló, a határokon is átnyúló konfliktusok destabilizáló hatásának következményeként a Közép-afrikai Köztársaság a bukott államok közé került. A biztonsági dilemma súlyosságát fokozta, hogy a köztársaság területén húzódik a legjelentősebb regionális geopolitikai törésvonal az északi iszlám, valamint a déli ke- resztény-animista kulturális identitás között, amelytartósan konfliktuszónává, ún. tö- résvonal-háborúk színterévé változtathatja az közép-afrikai régió egészét. A belső és regionális konfliktusok intenzitása az állam összeomlásával fenyege- tett, amelyet a Séléka hatalomra kerülésével sem sikerült felszámolni. Ezért vált szük- ségessé a nemzetközi közösség beavatkozása. A 2014. február 12 óta az ideiglenesen választott elnök nemzetközi segítséggel igyekszik felszámolni a politikai erőszakot, enyhíteni a humanitárius katasztrófa hatásait. Az állam újjáépítése megfelelő erőkkel és képességekkel rendelkező humanitárius intervenciós küldetést tett szükségessé, ám a megoldandó feladatok összetettsége miatt a folyamat feltehetően hosszabb időt vesz igénybe. Az „Országismertető” az államot érintő történelmi, gazdasági, politikai és civilizá- ciós-kulturális fejlődési folyamatok, illetve azok földrajzi hátterének felvázolására tesz Országismertető kísérletet. Közép-afrikai Közép-afrikai Köztársaság Köztársaság Országismertető Balogh Andrea – Besenyő János – Miletics Péter – Vogel Dávid Országismertető Közép-afrikai Köztársaság 2015 A Honvéd Vezérkar Tudományos Kutatóhely Tartalom és a Magyar Honvédség Geoinformációs Szolgálat kiadványa Felelős kiadó: Dr. Orosz Zoltán altábornagy Szpisják József dandártábornok Tóth László ezredes Előszó ......................................................................................................................... 5 Közép-afrikai Köztársaság földrajzi helyzete ............................................................ 7 Szerkesztő: Közép-afrikai köztársaság természetföldrajzi adottságai ......................................... 12 Hosszu István százados Földtan, domborzat .............................................................................................. 12 Vízrajz ................................................................................................................ 16 Szakmai lektor: Éghajlat ................................................................................................................ 26 Dr habil. Suha György Természetes növényzet, állatvilág ....................................................................... 34 Dr. Búr Gábor Flóra ................................................................................................................. 36 Fauna ............................................................................................................... 46 Térképeket szerkesztette: Közép-afrikai Köztársaság társadalmi viszonyai ..................................................... 55 Balog Péter százados Országtörténet ...................................................................................................... 55 Körmös Csaba hadnagy A korai időszak: bevándorlás kora, a terület benépesedése ............................. 55 Varga András hadnagy A kúsita állam ................................................................................................. 59 Fülöp Sándor A szudáni régió jelentősebb államiságai.......................................................... 61 Ghána ............................................................................................................... 62 Mali ................................................................................................................. 64 Postacím: 1024 Budapest, Szilágyi E. fasor 7-9. Szonghai .......................................................................................................... 66 Kanem-Bornu .................................................................................................. 67 A modern népvándorlás ................................................................................... 70 ISBN 978-963-89948-2-0 Iszlám államok a keleti határvidéken a XIX-XX. században .......................... 72 Baguirmi és Wadai (Ouaddai) ......................................................................... 73 A francia gyarmatosítás előestéje és a Senoussi-korszak ................................ 74 A francia gyarmatosítás .................................................................................. 75 Nyomdai előkészítés: Felfedezők Közép-Afrikában: a gyarmatosítás előképe és eszközei ............... 78 MH GEOSZ Brazza a humanista-utópista európai .............................................................. 78 Felelős vezető: Tóth László ezredes Edmond Hanssens ........................................................................................... 79 Dragutin Lerman ............................................................................................ 81 Nyomás: François-Joseph-Amédée Lamy ...................................................................... 82 HM Zrínyi Nonprofit Kft. Henry Morton Stanley ..................................................................................... 82 Felelős vezető: Dr. Bozsonyi Károly ügyvezető A gyarmati rendszer ......................................................................................... 83 A független államiság irányába: dekolonizáció, avagy a gyarmati rendszer felbomlása ....................................................... 87 Minden jog fenntartva! Boganda felemelkedése és a független államiság kikiáltása ........................... 91 Közelmúlt és jelen ........................................................................................... 96 3 A Séléka .......................................................................................................... 98 Előszó Az anti-Balaka mozgalom ............................................................................. 101 Demográfiai jellemzők .................................................................................. 105 Nemzetiségi megoszlás...................................................................................... 108 Bandák ........................................................................................................... 108 Gbayák ........................................................................................................... 110 Sarák .............................................................................................................. 110 M’bakák ......................................................................................................... 111 Magyarország több mint 1100 éves történelme során – bár változó formációkban és Mandjiák ........................................................................................................ 111 területtel – de meghatározó részben szárazföldi hatalom volt, az évszázadok során Mboumák ....................................................................................................... 111 ezért elsősorban a kontinentális Európa történetébe kapcsolódott be szervesebben. Az A yakomák ..................................................................................................... 112 ország politikai vezetésének gondolkodása azonban már a 19. század végén azt ered- Vallás ............................................................................................................. 116 ményezte, hogy katonáink az országtól távolabb eső térségekben, a béke érdekében Egészségügyi viszonyok .................................................................................... 119 teljesítsenek katonai szolgálatot. A rendszerváltást követően számos távoli térség, így Közigazgatás, településhálózat ......................................................................... 122 az ENSZ angolai missziójával kezdődően az afrikai kontinens is a Magyar Honvéd- Bangui ........................................................................................................... 127 ség (béke)műveleti területévé vált. Egyéb fontosabb városok................................................................................... 130 Jelen könyv, egy a magyar katona számára szakmai szempontból még ismeretlen Közép-afrikai Köztársaság gazdasági élete ........................................................... 133 állam, a Közép-afrikai Köztársaság tudnivalóit foglalja magában a lehető legszéle- Gazdasági helyzetkép ........................................................................................ 133 sebb spektrumban, a földrajzi és történelmi aspektusoktól a gazdasági és infrastruk- Természeti erőforrások, bányászat, ipar ............................................................ 135 turális vonatkozásokon keresztül a politikai és katonai szegmensig bezárólag. Tercier szektor, szolgáltatások .......................................................................... 135 A Honvéd Vezérkar Tudományos Kutatóhelyének gondozásában megjelent kötet Energiaszektor ................................................................................................... 140 megírásakor a szerzők beépítették az European Union Force RCA larissai
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