Strong Genetic Subdivision in Leptobrachium Hendricksoni (Anura: Megophryidae) In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Strong Genetic Subdivision in Leptobrachium Hendricksoni (Anura: Megophryidae) In 1 Strong genetic subdivision in Leptobrachium hendricksoni (Anura: Megophryidae) in 2 Southeast Asia 3 4 Gordon Draškića,b*, Sansareeya Wangkulangkula, Iñigo Martínez-Solanoc, Judit Vörösb,d 5 a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Hatyai 90110, 6 Songkhla, Karnjanavanit Soi 15 Rd., Thailand 7 b Laboratory of Molecular Taxonomy, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest 1083, 8 Ludovika tér 2-6., Hungary 9 c Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias 10 Naturales c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain 11 d Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest 1088, Baross u. 13, 12 Hungary 13 *Corresponding author: Gordon Draškić Email: [email protected] Type of manuscript: article Total number of words: 6401 14 15 Abstract 16 Many biodiversity hotspots are located in areas with a complex geological history, like 17 Southeast Asia, where species diversity may still be far underestimated, especially in 18 morphologically conservative groups like amphibians. Recent phylogenetic studies on the 19 frog genus Leptobrachium from Southeast Asia revealed the presence of deeply divergent 1 20 mitochondrial clades in Leptobrachium hendricksoni from Malaysia and Sumatra but 21 populations from Thailand have not been studied so far. In this study, we re-evaluate patterns 22 of intraspecific genetic diversity in L. hendricksoni based on the analysis of combined 23 sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S genes (1310 base pairs) including for the first time 24 samples from southern Thailand. Thai populations of L. hendricksoni formed a distinct clade 25 with respect to populations from central and southern Malaysia and Sumatra. High sequence 26 divergence between lineages from Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra suggests the possible 27 presence of cryptic species in L. hendricksoni. Divergence within L. hendricksoni dates back 28 to the late Miocene, around 6 Mya, when lineages from Thailand, north Malaysia and 29 Sumatra split from a lineage in south Malaysia, at about the same time as rising sea levels 30 isolated the Thai-Malay peninsula. Subsequent splits took place later in the Pliocene, around 31 4.5 and 2.6 Mya. Our results highlight the role of geological history in promoting population 32 divergence and speciation. 33 34 Keywords: Megophryidae, southern Thailand, mtDNA, phylogenetic relationships, genetic 35 differentiation, cryptic species 36 37 Introduction 38 The geological history of a region can have a profound impact on the current distribution of 39 populations and species (Pfrender et al., 2004). Areas with a complex geological history 40 usually have high levels of endemism, because changing patterns of connectivity through 41 time triggered by geological and climatic events promote population differentiation and 42 speciation. One of these biodiversity hotspots is Southeast Asia, which has experienced major 2 43 geological changes in the last 20 million years (Myr) (Corlett, 2009) (Fig. 1). The areal extent 44 of this region has changed dramatically through time because of eustatic changes (Fig. 1) and 45 forests have covered up to twice the area they occupy today, while the average temperature 46 varied from +3C° to –5C° (Woodruff, 2003; Sathiamurthy and Voris, 2006; Woodruff, 47 2010). These events have likely played a major role in shaping the evolutionary history of 48 entire biotic communities. 49 According to Woodruff (2003) sea straits may have cut the Thai-Malay peninsula 50 during two periods in the last 24 Myr: first in the early-middle Miocene for ca 11 Myr 51 beginning at 24 million years ago (Mya), and the second in the early Pliocene for another 1 52 - 1.4 Myr beginning at 5.5 Mya. In the north, a seaway opened from today’s town of Krabi 53 in the west to near Surat Thani on the east, whereas a southern seaway, about 40 - 50 km 54 wide, ran from the towns of Alor Setar and Satun on the Andaman Sea to Songkhla and 55 Pattani on the Gulf (Fig. 1a). Between these two seaways much of the east side of the central 56 peninsula was submerged and forest habitats were greatly reduced to fragments on the 57 Nakhon si Thammarat mountain range and western hills. Woodruff (2003) proposed that 58 these two seaways existed long enough for populations of plants and animals to become 59 isolated on either side to accumulate genetic divergence. This sea level rise did not only have 60 a huge impact on central parts of the Thai-Malay peninsula. Lowlands of southern parts of 61 the Thai-Malay peninsula and Sumatra were submerged as well (Fig. 1a). Indeed, these 62 changes seem to have had a significant impact on the distribution, phylogenetic and genetic 63 structure of species in this region, including amphibians (Zheng et al. 2008; Brown et al. 64 2009; Rao and Wilkinson 2009, Matsui et al. 2010; Hamidy et al. 2011). 3 65 The genus Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838 is a group of frogs in the family 66 Megophryidae characterized by a stocky body with slender, short hind limbs (Inger and 67 Stuebig, 1997). It currently includes 35 species occurring from southern China and India to 68 the islands of the Sunda Shelf and the Philippines (Sondhi and Ohler, 2011; Stuart et al., 69 2011, 2012; Frost 2016). Matsui et al. (2010) estimated the origin of genus Leptobrachium 70 at around 50 Mya. Later, two major clades of Leptobrachium split around 45 Mya: a China- 71 Indochina clade and a Sundaland-Thailand clade. In the latter, species from Borneo, Sumatra 72 and the Philippines formed a subclade, species from Peninsular Malaysia and Java formed a 73 second one, and finally, species from Thailand and Myanmar formed a third subclade. Due 74 to their wide geographical distribution and long history in the region, Leptobrachium frogs 75 are good model systems to test the effect of particular geological events on speciation and 76 intraspecific diversification. 77 Several groups of widespread frog species from Southeast Asia have been shown to 78 contain cryptic species, including genus Leptobrachium (Evans et al., 2003; Brown et al., 79 2006a, 2006b; Stuart et al., 2006; Brown and Richards, 2008; Brown et al., 2009). According 80 to Matsui et al. (1999), three species of Leptobrachium occur in Thailand: L. chapaense 81 (Bouret, 1937), L. hendricksoni Taylor, 1962, and L. smithi Matsui, Nabhitabhata and Panha, 82 1999. Leptobrachium hendricksoni was described from Bhethong, Yala, Thailand, and is a 83 medium sized species with snout to vent length of up to 70 mm in females and around 50 84 mm in males. In Thailand, L. hendricksoni is restricted to the lowlands of the extreme south 85 along the Nakhon si Thammarat (1835 m) and Titiwangsa (2183 m) mountain ranges, and is 86 more widely distributed in Peninsular Malaysia (along Titiwangsa in the west and the 87 Banjaran Pantai Timur range (1300 m average elevation) in the east) to western Borneo and 4 88 Sumatra (Taylor, 1962; Matsui et al., 2010) (Fig. 2). Matsui et al. (2010) uncovered high 89 genetic divergence within L. hendricksoni, with intraspecific clades dating back to the 90 Pliocene, about the same time when the rising of the sea level separated the Malay peninsula 91 and adjacent islands. However, they did not study the populations from southern Thailand. 92 The aim of our study was to assess the genetic diversity of populations of L. hendricksoni 93 from southern Thailand and to compare them with available DNA sequence data from 94 populations from Malaysia and Sumatra. We hypothesized that the flooded area between 95 mountain ranges in southern Thailand and Malaysia as well as the presence of the Malacca 96 strait between the mainland and Sumatra could have acted as a barrier to gene flow between 97 local populations resulting in genetic subdivision in L. hendricksoni. 98 99 Materials and Methods 100 Sampling of specimens 101 A total of 27 individuals of L. hendricksoni were sampled from six sites on the Nakhon Si Thammarat and 102 Titiwangsa mountain ranges in southern Thailand between February 2014 and January 2016. We also 103 downloaded mtDNA sequences from eight additional individuals from GenBank. The final dataset for analyses 104 thus comprised a set of 35 individuals from 14 localities from southern Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, 105 covering most of the range of the species with the exception of Bornean populations (Fig. 2, Table 1). In 106 addition, we used sequences of L. hasseltii Tschudi, 1838, L. smithi Matsui, Nabhitabhata and Panha, 1999 and 107 L. boringii (Liu, 1945) from GenBank as sequential outgroups (see accession numbers in Table 1). Tissue 108 samples for molecular analyses were obtained from either the liver of dead specimens or toe clips from live 109 individuals. Sampling was authorized by the National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, 110 Thailand. All tissue samples were preserved in 95 % ethanol and kept in a freezer. The specimens are stored in 111 the reference collection of Prince Maha Chakri Sirinthorn Natural History Museum at Prince of Songkhla 112 University Hat Yai for future reference. 5 113 114 DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing 115 DNA was extracted using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) or the phenol-chloroform 116 method of Collins et al. (1987). We amplified with PCR fragments of two mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S) 117 using primers 12Sh (Cannatella et al., 1998) and H1548 (Matsui et al., 2005) and 16SL2021 (Tominaga et al., 118 2006) and 16H1 (Hedges, 1994), respectively. For both genes, PCRs were run in a total volume of 25 µl or in 119 some cases 50 µl. PCR programs were as follows: initial denaturation at 94ºC for 5 min, 33 cycles at 94ºC for 120 30 sec, 55ºC for 30 sec and 72ºC for 90 sec, and final extension at 72ºC for 5 min.
Recommended publications
  • Assessing Feeding Habits of Tadpoles of Leptobrachium Smithi (Matsui Et Al
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Assessing feeding habits of tadpoles of Leptobrachium smithi (Matsui et al. 1999) during different development stages: a qualitative and quantitative study from Rosekandy Tea Estate, Cachar, Assam Pammi Singh*, Mithra Dey* and S.N. Ramnujam** *Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar. ** Department of Zoology, NEHU, Shillong, Meghalaya. Abstract- Anuran tadpoles develop in water and depend on the microhabitats of tadpoles suggested by [9]. Diet is especially food available in the system for nourishment and energy important in tadpoles because they complete their life cycle in necessary for completion of their life cycle. Tadpoles of short-lived aquatic environments i.e. ephemeral ponds and Leptobrachium smithi were collected from permanent running tadpoles need to consume food that will ensure their water systems from Rosekandy Tea estate in Cachar district, metamorphosis prior to the drying up of the pond. Some tadpoles Assam. Taxonomic identification of the tadpoles was done by rely on carnivory to reach their metamorphic state. Many rearing them to adult stage under laboratory condition. Physico- tadpoles are grazers, feeding from the substrates in aquatic chemical variables of water from where the tadpoles are systems [4]. Tadpoles in general, should be considered collected were also analyzed. Tadpoles of different opportunistic omnivores or detritivores [3]. Literature on natural developmental stages 25-27, 28-30 and 31-40 (Gosner,1960) food of tadpoles is inadequate, whereas there is fairly adequate were selected for study. A qualitative analysis of food consumed information on the diet of adult frogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationship on Genus Leptobrachi Um(Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) in Sarawak
    PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP ON GENUS LEPTOBRACHI UM(AMPHIBIA: ANURA: MEGOPHRYIDAE) IN SARAWAK Norhasimah Binti Jakariah (31890) Bachelor of Science with Honours QL (Animal Resource Science Management) 47 and N839 2014 2014 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK Grade: Please tick ('I) Final Year Project Report 0 Masters ý PhD 0 DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK Student's Declaration: I Norhasimah binti Jakariah (31890) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology (FRST) hereby declare that the work Phylogenetic Relationship of Genus Leptobrachium (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) In Sarawak is my original work. I have not copied from any other students' work or from any other sources except where due reference or acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. 2a1q6/201ý Date submitted Name of the student (Matric No.) %wjft«nnw WTI CIA M44 (11810) Supervisor's Declaration: I Ramlah binti Zainudin hereby certifies that the work Phylogenetic Relationship of Genus Leptobrachium (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) In Sarawak was prepared by the above named student, and was submitted to the "FACULTY" as a full fulfillment for the conferment of Bachelor of Science with Honours (Animal Resource Science and Management) and the aforementioned work, to the best of my knowledge, is the said student's work. M Ppw Received for examination by: 149 (Name of the supervisor) Assoc. Prof Dr Raaüah Zain th, Deputy Dean Centrefor Pre-UniversityStudies UNMMM MALAYSIAS&R,4WA c are that ProjectfMesis is dassified as (Please ti Q CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)* TRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organisation where research was done)* PEN ACCESS Validation of Project/Thesis I duly free therefore affirm with consent and willingly declare that this said Project/Thesis shall be for placed officially in the Centre Academic Information Services with the abiding interest and rights as follows: " This ProjectlThesis is the sole legal property of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).
    [Show full text]
  • Warta Herpetofauna/Volume Vii, No 4 Maret 2015 1
    WARTA HERPETOFAUNA/VOLUME VII, NO 4 MARET 2015 1 DA F TA R I S I Resep Bekerja di Bidang Herpe- 22 tologi À la James Menzies Penanganan gigitan ular 15 Jenis Baru Leptobrachium kanton- ishikawai Hamidy & Matsui, 2014 34 dari Serawak Penemuan Limnonectes 28 larvaepartus dari Nantu Daftar isi Penanganan Gigitan Ular 02 15 Kata Kami Terdesaknya Katak Tegalan (Fejervarya limnocharis) di Per- 05 38 sawahan Gianyar Bali Phobia Ular, Konservasi, dan Ekspedisi Rafflesia KPH 06 Kearifan Lokal di Papua 41 “PYTHON” Himakova di Suaka Kearifan Lokal, Mitos, dan Margasatwa Cikepuh Sukabumi 10 Kekayaan Hayati 2 WARTA HERPETOFAUNA/VOLUME VII, NO. 4 MARET 2015 Phoxophrys tuberculata Hu- Belajar Spesimen Indone- brecht 1881 Kadal Semak Kecil sia di Negeri Orang dari Dataran Sumatera 25 19 Diversity Herpetofauna : Sisi Lain Kondang Merak dan Coban Merak 49 Info Buku Baru Herpetofauna Sebagai Topik 45 62 Penelitian yang Unik dan Menarik di Tingkat Universitas Penyu Hijau di ulau Berhala 46 Lebih Mnawan Jika Tetap Lestari Pustaka Tentang Hasil Penelitian 67 Mahasiswa IPB & UNIPA 54 Info Kegiatan WARTA HERPETOFAUNA/VOLUME VII, NO 4 MARET 2015 3 Berkat Kerjasama: Warta Herpetofauna Media informasi dan publikasi dunia amfibi dan reptil Penerbit: Perhimpunan Herpetologi Indonesia Sirkulasi: Feri Irawan Dewan Redaksi: Beny Aladin Amir Hamidy Evy Arida Alamat Redaksi Keliopas Krey Kelompok Kerja Konservasi Amfibi dan Reptil Nia Kurniawan Indonesia Rury Eprilurahman Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata Fakultas Kehutanan – IPB Pemimpin Redaksi Fax : 0251-8621947 Mirza D. Kusrini E-mail: mirza_kusrini[at]yahoo.com, kusrini.mirza[at]gmail.com Redaktur Mila Rahmania Foto cover luar : Polypedates pseudotilophus (Chairunas A.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Western Langbian Plateau, Southern Vietnam
    Zootaxa 3931 (2): 221–252 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BC97C37F-FD98-4704-A39A-373C8919C713 A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the western Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam NIKOLAY A. POYARKOV, JR.1,2,7, JODI J.L. ROWLEY3,4, SVETLANA I. GOGOLEVA2,5, ANNA B. VASSILIEVA1,2, EDUARD A. GALOYAN2,5& NIKOLAI L. ORLOV6 1Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, GSP–1, Moscow 119991, Russia 2Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center under the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, South Branch, 3, Street 3/2, 10 District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia 4School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia 5Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 6, Moscow 125009, Russia 6Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia 7Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe a new species of megophryid frog from Loc Bac forest in the western part of the Langbian Plateau in the southern Annamite Mountains, Vietnam. Leptolalax pyrrhops sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania Regional Focus
    November 2011 Vol. 99 www.amphibians.orgFrogLogNews from the herpetological community Regional Focus Maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania INSIDE News from the ASG Regional Updates Global Focus Recent Publications General Announcements And More..... Spotted Treefrog Nyctixalus pictus. Photo: Leong Tzi Ming New The 2012 Sabin Members’ Award for Amphibian Conservation is now Bulletin open for nomination Board FrogLog Vol. 99 | November 2011 | 1 Follow the ASG on facebook www.facebook.com/amphibiansdotor2 | FrogLog Vol. 99| November 2011 g $PSKLELDQ$UN FDOHQGDUVDUHQRZDYDLODEOH 7KHWZHOYHVSHFWDFXODUZLQQLQJSKRWRVIURP $PSKLELDQ$UN¶VLQWHUQDWLRQDODPSKLELDQ SKRWRJUDSK\FRPSHWLWLRQKDYHEHHQLQFOXGHGLQ $PSKLELDQ$UN¶VEHDXWLIXOZDOOFDOHQGDU7KH FDOHQGDUVDUHQRZDYDLODEOHIRUVDOHDQGSURFHHGV DPSKLELDQDUN IURPVDOHVZLOOJRWRZDUGVVDYLQJWKUHDWHQHG :DOOFDOHQGDU DPSKLELDQVSHFLHV 3ULFLQJIRUFDOHQGDUVYDULHVGHSHQGLQJRQ WKHQXPEHURIFDOHQGDUVRUGHUHG±WKHPRUH \RXRUGHUWKHPRUH\RXVDYH2UGHUVRI FDOHQGDUVDUHSULFHGDW86HDFKRUGHUV RIEHWZHHQFDOHQGDUVGURSWKHSULFHWR 86HDFKDQGRUGHUVRIDUHSULFHGDW MXVW86HDFK 7KHVHSULFHVGRQRWLQFOXGH VKLSSLQJ $VZHOODVRUGHULQJFDOHQGDUVIRU\RXUVHOIIULHQGV DQGIDPLO\ZK\QRWSXUFKDVHVRPHFDOHQGDUV IRUUHVDOHWKURXJK\RXU UHWDLORXWOHWVRUIRUJLIWV IRUVWDIIVSRQVRUVRUIRU IXQGUDLVLQJHYHQWV" 2UGHU\RXUFDOHQGDUVIURPRXUZHEVLWH ZZZDPSKLELDQDUNRUJFDOHQGDURUGHUIRUP 5HPHPEHU±DVZHOODVKDYLQJDVSHFWDFXODUFDOHQGDU WRNHHSWUDFNRIDOO\RXULPSRUWDQWGDWHV\RX¶OODOVREH GLUHFWO\KHOSLQJWRVDYHDPSKLELDQVDVDOOSUR¿WVZLOOEH XVHGWRVXSSRUWDPSKLELDQFRQVHUYDWLRQSURMHFWV ZZZDPSKLELDQDUNRUJ FrogLog Vol. 99 | November
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of the Assam Forest Frog, Hydrophylax Leptoglossa
    WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCFAMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 25(2):139–141 • AUG 2018 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Reproductive. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer Biology sayi) in Wisconsin: of the Assam Forest On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Frog,. The SharedHydrophylax History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and leptoglossaHumans on Grenada: (Cope 1868) A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH(Anura: ARTICLES Ranidae), from Lawachara . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................NationalBrian J. Camposano, Park, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin Bangladesh M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATIONMd. Mokhlesur ALERT Rahman, Md. Fazle Rabbe, and Md. Mahabub Alam . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More ThanDepartment Mammals of..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Antipredator Mechanisms of Post-Metamorphic Anurans: a Global Database and Classification System
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Ecology Center Publications Ecology Center 5-1-2019 Antipredator Mechanisms of Post-Metamorphic Anurans: A Global Database and Classification System Rodrigo B. Ferreira Utah State University Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes Universidade Estadual de Maringá Cássio Zocca Universidade Vila Velha Charles Duca Universidade Vila Velha Karen H. Beard Utah State University Edmund D. Brodie Jr. Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/eco_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ferreira, R.B., Lourenço-de-Moraes, R., Zocca, C. et al. Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2019) 73: 69. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00265-019-2680-1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecology Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ecology Center Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Antipredator mechanisms of post-metamorphic anurans: a global database and 2 classification system 3 4 Rodrigo B. Ferreira1,2*, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes3, Cássio Zocca1, Charles Duca1, Karen H. 5 Beard2, Edmund D. Brodie Jr.4 6 7 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, 8 Brazil 9 2 Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United 10 States of America 11 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual 12 de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil 13 4 Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of 14 America 15 16 *Corresponding author: Rodrigo B.
    [Show full text]
  • Red List of Bangladesh 2015
    Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary Chief National Technical Expert Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+122. ISBN: 978-984-34-0733-7 Publication Assistant: Sheikh Asaduzzaman Design and Printed by: Progressive Printers Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • On Leptobrachium from Thailand with a Description of a New Species (Anura: Pelobatidae)
    Japanese Journal of Herpetology 18 (1): 19-29., June 1999 (C)1999 by The HerpetologicalSociety of Japan On Leptobrachium from Thailand with a Description of a New Species (Anura: Pelobatidae) MASAFUMI MATSUI, JARUJIN NABHITABHATA, AND SOMSAK PANHA Abstract: We compared morphological characters among Thai populations of Lepto- brachium currently assigned to L. hasseltii or L. pullum. We also examined syn- types of the latter, which was first described from Vietnam as Megalophrys hasseltii var. pullus Smith, 1921, and designated the lectotype. The Thai populations are slightly variable in adult and larval morphology, but are collectively different from L. hasseltii (originally described from Java) or L. pullum. We therefore describe a new species, L. smithi, for those populations on the basis of the sample from Khao Chong, southern Thailand. Key words: Pelobatidae; Leptobrachium; Systematics; Thailand; Biogeography The genus Leptobrachium (sensu stricto [not 239) and Manthey and Grossmann (1997) clearly of Dubois, 1980]=subgenus Leptobrachium of presented through photographs of individuals Dubois and Ohler, 1998) is a group of pelobatid from western and northeastern Thailand, frogs characterized by a stocky body with slen- respectively. der, short hindlimbs (Inger and Stuebing, 1997; However, Smith (1921) also clearly indicated more detailed diagnosis in Dubois and Ohler, that he split M. h. var. pullus from "typical has- 1998). It occurs from southern China to the seltii" from Siam (=Thailand) and the Malay Philippines, Indonesia and the Sunda Is. to Bali Peninsula on the basis of the differences in body (Frost, 1985). The type species of this genus, L. shape and coloration. Because he is famous for hasseltii, has long been regarded as widely dis- his very active surveys throughout Thailand tributed throughout the range of the genus (e.g., (e.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Riparian Ecosystem on Amphibians Along a Green Corridor in Oil Palm Plantation, Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular
    Sains Malaysiana 43(5)(2014): 655–666 Assessment of Riparian Ecosystem on Amphibians along a Green Corridor in Oil Palm Plantation, Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia (Penilaian Ekosistem Riparia terhadap Amfibia di sepanjang Koridor Hijau di Ladang Kelapa Sawit, Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Semenanjung Malaysia) A. NORHAYATI*, N. EHWAN & T. OKUDA ABSTRACT The large scale expansion of oil palm plantations nowadays bring huge negative impact on habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity, especially at Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. The monoculture system that was developed since the 1970s has suppressed biodiversity levels because of the lack of suitable microhabitats. In order to assess ecological remediation of plantation, a green corridor was established along Sg. Petekah at Felda Pasoh 2. The assessment was conducted from March to May 2012 at Sg. Petekah green corridor (SPGC) at Felda Pasoh 2 and Felda Pasoh 3 with no green corridor (FP3). Amphibians were sampled for species richness by using fenced pit fall traps and visual encounter surveys. Microhabitat selection of amphibians was identified to come up with recommendations for improvement. The low Shannon-Wiener diversity value, H’ at SPGC (1.82 ± 0.126) was obtained indicating that the remediation is yet to be achieved, but the H’ value was much lower at PF3 (0.62±0.2) indicating a positive projection of remediation. Microhabitat selection study indicated that each amphibian species tend to avoid overlapping of microhabitat based on specific guilds. Based on the results, the green corridor should be widened to allow space for foraging and territorial defence, planted not only with trees but also shrubs and herbs to improve the ground cover for the amphibians and also to include other animal groups, such as birds and mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpetological Journal FULL PAPER
    Volume 27 (October 2017), 318-325 FULL PAPER Herpetological Journal Published by the British Amphibian species assemblages in a tropical forest of Herpetological Society Bangladesh Animesh Ghose1, Jiban Chandra Deb1, 2, Kwaku Brako Dakwa3, Jay Prakash Ray4 & AHM Ali Reza5 1Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. 2School of Geography Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Australia. 3Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. 4Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. 5Department of Biological Sciences, Delta State University, Cleveland, MS 38733, U.S.A. Tropical forests are considered one of the most important biogeographic zones for amphibian species diversity. As a tropical country in Asia, Bangladesh implements different types of forest management practices in its forests, which might affect prevailing forest quality in the existing forest types. The current state of information on the impact of habitat alteration on amphibian species assemblages in Bangladesh is inadequate. To evaluate this, we conducted a study in Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) in north-eastern Bangladesh. We used a combination of several common amphibian study techniques in 15 pre-marked transects covering three major habitat types in KNP: forest edge, forest interior and swamp area. Twelve anuran species belonging to eleven genera and six families were recorded during the study period. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis was the most abundant species, representing 51.7% of the recorded individuals, followed by Fejervarya spp. (18.9%); the remaining 10 species altogether recorded less than 30% of the total abundance. Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Kaloula pulchra and Raorchestes parvulus in particular occurred with very low abundance.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    · ~t()l~ial I ide to ROSAMMA MATHEW AND NIBEDITA SEN o e ROSAMMA MATHEW AND NIBEDITA SEN Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong - 793 003 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kol ata CITATION Mathew, R. and Sen, N. 2010. Pictorial Guide to the Amphibians of North East India : 1-144· (Published by the Director, Zool. Suru. India, Kolkata). Published : January, 2010 ISBN 978-81-8171-247-9 © Gout. of India, 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. 750.00 Foreign : $ 50; £ 40 Published at the Publication Division by the Director Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, AJC Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, 13th floor, Nizam Palace, Kolkata 700020 and printed at MIs Power Printers, New Delhi - 110 002. F REW The amphibians of North East India have been worked out by many scientists in the past.
    [Show full text]