Nov. 14Th Corrupted Hard Drives
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tools that could recover erased data off MS-DOS disks and fix Shafrira Nov. 14th corrupted hard drives. They would eventually become the Goldwasser highly successful Norton Utilities Born: Nov. 14, 1958; Daniel J. Sandin suite. New York City Born: Nov. 14, 1942; His book “The Peter Norton Goldwasser works in the areas Programmer’s Guide to the IBM Rockford, Illinois of complexity theory, PC” was a popular guide to BIOS cryptography, and number In the early 1970's, Sandin and MS-DOS system calls, which theory. In 1982, she and Silvio designed the Sandin Image was nicknamed “the pink shirt Micali [Oct 13] invented Processor, an analog computer book”, after Norton's business- probabilistic encryption, which for the real-time manipulation of casual attire in the cover photo. introduced randomized methods video, partly inspired by the Norton’s iconic crossed-arm into encryption. Their landmark modular design of the Moog pose was later assigned a US paper also debuted the synthesizer [May 23]. trademark, and was even “simulation paradigm,” which immortalized as a computer has since become a popular In September 1973, he and icon. Thomas A. DeFanti [Sept 18] method for proving founded the influential cryptography security. Electronic Visualization In 1985 she was the co-inventor Laboratory (EVL) at the with Charles Rackoff and Micali. University of Illinois, although it of zero-knowledge proofs. For was originally called the "Circle example, this approach Graphics Habitat". addresses the question of how to In 1977, Sandin, DeFanti and prove that someone has a valid Rich Sayre designed the Sayre credit card without seeing the Glove, the first data glove [Aug card’s number. 29]. It employed flexible tubes Perhaps the most famous zero- with light sources at one end knowledge proof is the "Ali and photocells at the other. As Baba's Cave" problem, proposed the user bent their fingers, the in the paper "How to Explain amount of light that hit the Zero-Knowledge Protocols to photocells varied, providing a Your Children" by Jean-Jacques measure of the movement. First edition of the Pose. (c) Quisquater and others. Peter Norton. Sandin also worked on a type of Zero-knowledge proofs also digital photography called Norton sold his company to break with cryptographical PHSColograms (the capital Symantec [Nov 7] in 1990, but convention by utilizing Peggy letters stand for Photography, the Norton brand name lived on (the prover of the statement) Holography, Sculpture, and in such Symantec products as and Victor (the verifier of the Computer graphics). It uses a Norton AntiVirus, Norton 360, statement) rather than the more form of autostereoscopy, based Norton GoBack, and Norton usual Alice and Bob [Feb 00]. around black line grids and Ghost. Norton’s image was back-projected light, to create an Goldwasser has won two Gödel energetically employed on the effect very similar to a hologram. Prizes for her papers on packaging of all the Norton- This led to Carolina Cruz-Neira, theoretical computer science branded products where he Sandin, and DeFanti creating the (1993, 2001), while her started to favor a white or blue first CAVE in 1992, which husband, Nir Shavit, has won shirt, and sport glasses. Later- became a standard for rear one (2004), making their era packaging (after 2001) was a projection-based Virtual Reality household total a record bit disappointing, preferring to (VR) systems. unlikely to be broken. utilize photos of confident- The very first VR devices were looking users. probably Morton Heilig’s [Dec Norton possesses one of the 22] Telesphere mask (1958) and largest modern contemporary Mouse was a Bug Sensorama (1961). art collections in the US. Nov. 14, 1963 Douglas Engelbart [Jan 30] Peter Norton invented the computer mouse in the early 1960's. On this day, he Born: Nov. 14, 1943; recorded his thoughts on the Aberdeen, Washington matter in his notebook, referring to the device as a “bug,” which In the early 1980’s, Norton could have a “drop point and 2 released a collection of useful 1 orthogonal wheels.” The bug 22,000 square feet not including Another movie/TV favorite was would be “easier” and “more supporting equipment. Each one the Burroughs B205 [Jan 12], natural” to use because, unlike a weighed around 250 tons, used which starred in many of the stylus, it wouldn't move when 50,000 vacuum tubes, and up to same shows. released. 3 megawatts of electricity. The first prototype was completed in In 1964, Engelbart's lead Oct. 1955. engineer, Bill English [Jan 27], The Puma RS built a prototype by carving a Each SAGE center housed a pair wooden block and adding of Q7s to provide fault tolerance Computer Shoe perpendicular wheels and a to the system. One machine was button on top. Only at this stage always active, the other on Nov. 14, 1986 did Engelbart call it a “mouse” standby. IBM had about 60 The Puma RS (Running System) because its cord looked like a employees at each site for computer shoe was first demoed tail. round-the-clock maintenance. at the Fall COMDEX trade show. There were usually several Engelbart applied for a patent in hundred tube failures per day, The right-hand running shoe 1967, by which time mice were so the engineers moved had a chip built into the heel that in use throughout his lab, but replacements around in automatically recorded the time, the first public appearance of a shopping carts. distance, and calories expended mouse was during Engelbart 's by its wearer, and could pass the “Mother of all Demos” Each Q7 could handle more than results to an Apple IIe [April 24] presentation on [Dec 9] 1968. 100 users at a time, and perform or Commodore 64 [Jan 7] via a The patent was granted on Nov. about 75,000 instructions per 16-pin cable. 17, 1970 (US 3541541). second. It wasn't a hit, but fitness Originally MIT had hoped SAGE wearables has finally caught up would utilize its Whirlwind (e.g. see [April 11]), and so the Q7: A Movie/TV [April 20] machine, but it wasn’t company decided to re-release reliable or fast enough. the RS at the end of 2018. One Darling However, the Q7 was based on change is that now the cable is Nov. 14, 1964 the larger and faster Whirlwind only used to charge the II design. As a result, MIT's equipment. For data transfer, it The SAGE [June 26] network , Lincoln Lab worked closely with uses Bluetooth to link to an consisting of over twenty IBM during the Q7's Android [Nov 5] or iOS mainframes, managed NORAD's development. smartphone [April 9]. The shoe [Aug 1] response to a possible IBM’s work on SAGE had a great now also registers the number Soviet air attack. deal to do with its later of steps taken, and can store up dominance of the mainframe to 30 days of data. market. The IBM 7090 To fit in with the retro vibe, the [Nov 30] was essentially a phone app included an 8-bit solid-state version of the game, and only 86 pairs were Q7/8. Also, IBM's SABRE released (as in the year the shoe airline reservation system debuted). [Nov 5] used Q7 technology. The Q7 became a star in “Above the Law,” later life, appearing in numerous films and TV at COMDEX series. Bits and pieces turn up in “The Time Tunnel”, Nov. 14-18, 1988 “Lost In Space”, “Get Smart”, During the Fall COMDEX trade Part of a Q7 at the Computer “Fantastic Voyage”, “In Like show in Las Vegas, a film crew History Museum. Photo by Flint”, “The Towering Inferno”, recorded footage for the movie Steve Jurvetson. CC BY 2.0 “Logan’s Run”, “WarGames” “Above the Law” starring Steven [June 3] and “Independence Seagal (in his first role). The Day” [July 2], among many Actually, the word "mainframe" crew carried press credentials others. Woody Allen’s “Sleeper”, isn't really sufficient, since SAGE and pretended to be from a set in 2173, shows the Q7 utilized the largest computer news show. helping Teamsters repair robots. ever built, the IBM AN/FSQ-7 The Q7’s first movie appearance (Q7 for short, or “Army-Navy / Due to scheduling conflicts, the was in “Santa Claus Conquers Fixed Special eQuipment” in movie was unable to film at the the Martians”, which was full). Consumer Electronics Show released on this day. (CES) in Chicago, where the Each Q7 occupied an entire story was actually set. floor, covering approximately 2 telecom provider Sonera. want to stop the habit before it Virtual Boy Consumers dialed a telephone adversely affected their income number posted on the front of a from paper-based bulk mailing. Announced vending machine and a cola Many participants in the dropped out. A charge for the Nov. 14, 1994 newsgroup labeled themselves drink would appear on the as members of the cartel in their The Virtual Boy was Nintendo’s user’s next monthly bank first 32-bit device and the first statement. signatures although followed by portable game system to have the acronym “TinLC” (There is stereoscopic 3D graphics. The first trials of ‘Dial-a-Coke’ no Lumber Cartel). This is took place in the summer of reminiscent of the “There Is No It was a major commercial 1997 at Helsinki International Cabal” catchphrase [March 26]. failure, due to its high price, the Airport, and later moved to monochrome LED-based display, Helsinki University of unimpressive 3D effects, and Technology. After fifteen days of health concerns – the array of testing, over 30% of the vending GlucoBoy LEDs became notorious for machine’s sales came from causing eyestrain.