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Variation by Sample Type in the Cross-National Analysis of Occupational Prestige Structures

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Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW. LONDON WC1R 4EJ. ENGLAND 8008764 BALDWIN, MATTHEW STEPHEN, JR. VARIATION BY SAMPLE TYPE IN THE CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE STRUCTURES The Ohio State University PH.D. 1979 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. MI 48106 18 Bedford Row, London WC1R 4EJ, England Copyright 1979 by BALDWIN, MATTHEW STEPHEN, JR. All Rights Reserved VARIATION BY SAMPLE TYPE IN THE CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE STRUCTURES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Matthew S. Baldwin, Jr., B.S., M.A. # * # « The Ohio State University 1979 Reading Committee: Approved By Wen L. Li, Ph.D. Alfred C. Clarke, Ph.D. John F. Cuber, Ph.D. / Adviser Department of Sociology To my family all branches and all generations vho mean more to me than anything else, and especially to the memory of my mother and my father. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My greatest debt of gratitude for the completion of this work is due to Wen Lang Li, my principal adviser, who provided all the nec­ essary assistance— particularly at those critical moments when every­ thing seemed to be falling apart. Special thanks are also due John F. Cuber and Alfred C. Clarke, the other members of my dissertation committee, for their continuing support. Dr. Cuber has had a more profound impact on my life than any other person in the discipline. John Skerl, a colleague at the University of Dayton, provided programming and other assistance at critical junctures of this work. Very special thanks are due him. Thanks are due as well to other U.D. colleagues: to Steve McNamee for reviewing the title coding procedure, to Paul Elmore for a timely critique of the final chapter, to Dick Zeh for programming assistance and to Stan Saxton for the help which only one's department chairman can provide. Dae Chang (Wichita State University) prompted my original in­ terest in this general topic and Nancy Schiml, Pat Bartley and Judie Boucher helped to bring this work to its conclusion through their very conscientious typing of the final drafts. Their contributions are much appreciated. A final note of appreciation is due to Judy, Matt B. and Amy for their understanding— particularly in these last few months. iii VITA August 15, 19^1......................... Born - Chicago, Illinois 1965................................... B.S. (Sociology), Loyola University of Chicago 1966-1968.............................. Teaching Assistant, Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1968-1971.............................. Instructor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Whitewater, Wisconsin 1969................................... M.A. (Sociology), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1973-present........................... Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "Population Dynamics," (with Hadley Klug) in Dae H. Chang (ed), Sociology; An Intoduction (Minneapolia: Paladin Press, 1973), pp. 3^3-3o2. "Social Problems: Alternative Perspectives on the Nature of the Problems of Poverty, Race and Dissent," in ibid., pp. 261-310. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................ iii VITA...................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................ ix Chapter I. INTRODUCTION.................................... 1 II. MAJOR ISSUES IN CROSS-NATIONAL AND INTRA-NATIONAL RESEARCH IN OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE HIERARCHIES 9 Studies Conducted Outside the United States.. 15 The Issue of Sampling Bias....... 20 Findings Reported in Primary Studies Employing Two or More Sample Types....... 23 Summary of the "Sampling Bias" Explanation... 32 The "Structuralist" Explanation............. 33 Summary.................................... 39 Footnotes.................................. 42 III. THE DATA SET AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES........... 44 The Data Set............................... 46 Issues in the Matching Procedure............ 55 The Matching/Coding Procedure............... 64 Sample Coding.............................. 68 Computerized Matching of Occupational Titles. 68 Dependent and Independent Variables......... 71 Occupational and Student Status of Respondents............................. 72 Community Size............................. 76 Societal "Development" Level................ 77 Organization of the Remaining Chapters...... 82 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CON'T) Page IV. INTRA-NATIONAL VARIATION IN OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE ASSESSMENTS................................ 85 Overview of the Intra-National Data Set......... 9b "Teacher" Samples.............................. 97 Student Versus Non-Student Samples.............. 98 Rural Versus Urban Samples..................... 99 Consistency Among Student Samples............... 101 "Urban" Adults................................. 106 Summary of Findings............................ 107 Relation of Findings to the "Structuralist" Position.................... 108 V. CROSS-NATIONAL VARIATION IN OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE ASSESSMENTS................................ 113 Variation by "Occupational" Status.............. 123 The Issue of the Representativeness of Student Ratings.......................... 127 "Occupational" Type Variation Among Samples With High Western-Correspondence...................... 133 "Occupational" Type Variation Among Samples With Low Western-Correspondence...................... 13^ Variation by Community Size.................... 136 Summary........................................ 139 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (CON’T) Page VI. SOCIETAL "DEVELOPMENT" AND LEVEL OF WESTERN-CORRESPONDENCE IN OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE ASSESSMENTS................. 1^3 Previous Analysis of Relation Between Industrialization and Prestige Hierarchy Agreement............... 1^5 Findings of the Present Investigation.......... ll*8 Variation Between "Academic" and "Non-Academic" Samples................. li+9 VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................... 162 Alternative Explanations of the Reported Finding of High Cross- National Agreement......................... 163 Variables and Principal Hypotheses............ 16h Principal Findings of the Intra- National Analysis of Variation By Sample Type............................. 167 Principal Findings of the Cross- National Analysis of Variation By Sample lype............................. 169 Principal Findings of the Analysis of The Relationship Between Level of Societal Development and Level of Western Correspondence..................... 17U Over-View of Findings From the Three Principal Analyses......................... 177 Issues Not Addressed in This Investigation.............................. 180 A Final Retrospective......................... 189 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CON'T) Page APPENDIXES A. Selected Characteristics of Studies Employed in the Principal Analysis............. 193 B. Published Studies Addressing Occupational Prestige Issues, By Country..................... 206 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................... 213 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 3.1 Spearman Correlations with a Level or Significance Greater than .001 (between non-Western samples and Siegel data).............. 53 3.2 Deleted Occupational Titles, by Occupational Classification (non- Western data set)................................ 62 3-3 Samples in the Final Data Set, by "Occupational" Status, Community Size and Country of Origin (Number of Samples per County = 1, Unless Otherwise Specified.............................
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