8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Directshift gearbox From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A directshift gearbox (German: DirektSchaltGetriebe[1]), commonly abbreviated to DSG,[2][3] is an electronically controlled dualclutch[2] multipleshaft manual gearbox, in a transaxle design – without a conventional clutch pedal,[4] and with full automatic,[2] or semimanual control. The first actual dualclutch transmissions derived from Porsche inhouse development for 962 racing cars in the 1980s. Partcutaway view of the Volkswagen In simple terms, a DSG is two separate manual gearboxes (and Group 6speed DirectShift Gearbox. [2] clutches), contained within one housing, and working as one unit. The concentric multiplate clutches [3][5] It was designed by BorgWarner,[4] and is licensed to the have been sectioned, along with the Volkswagen Group, with support by IAV GmbH. By using two mechatronics module. This also independent clutches,[2][5] a DSG can achieve faster shift times,[2][5] shows the additional power takeoff and eliminates the torque converter of a conventional epicyclic for distributing torque to the rear axle automatic transmission.[2] for fourwheel drive applications. View this image with annotations
Contents
1 Overview 1.1 Transverse DSG 1.2 Audi longitudinal DSG 2 List of DSG variants 3 Operational introduction 3.1 DSG controls Schematic diagram of a dual clutch 3.1.1 "P" transmission 3.1.2 "N" 3.1.3 "D" mode 3.1.4 "S" mode 3.1.5 "R" 3.1.6 Manual mode 3.1.6.1 Paddle shifters 4 Advantages and disadvantages 5 Applications 5.1 Audi 5.2 Bugatti 5.3 SEAT 5.4 Škoda 5.5 Volkswagen Passenger Cars 5.6 Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles 6 Problems and recalls of DSGequipped vehicles 6.1 United States of America 6.2 Australia https://en.wikipedia.or6g/.w3ik iC/Dhireinctashift_gearbox 1/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 6.3 China 6.4 Sweden 6.5 Japan 6.6 Malaysia 6.7 World wide recall 7 See also 8 References 9 External links 9.1 Official links 9.2 Independent links Dualclutch gearbox: M: Motor A: Primary drive Overview B: Double Clutch C: shaft Transverse DSG D: main shaft, even gears E: main shaft, odd gears At the time of launch in 2003[2][6] it became the world's first dual F: Output clutch transmission in a series production car,[2][6] in the German market Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32[2][6] and shortly afterwards, worldwide in the original Audi TT 3.2;[7] and for the first few years of production, this original DSG transmission was only available in transversely oriented[2] frontengine, frontwheeldrive — or Haldex Tractionbased fourwheeldrive vehicle layouts.
The first DSG transaxle that went into production for the Volkswagen Group mainstream marques had six forward speeds (and one reverse),[6][7] and used wet/submerged multiplate clutch packs[2][4] (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ250, parts code prefix: 02E).[7][8] It has been paired to engines with up to 350 N·m (260 lb·ft) of torque,[6][7] and the twowheeldrive version weighs 93 kg (205 lb). It is manufactured at Volkswagen Group's Kassel plant,[2] with a daily production output of 1,500 units.[6]
At the start of 2008, another world first,[6] an additional 70 kg (150 lb) sevenspeed DSG transaxle[6] (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ200, parts code prefix: 0AM)[8][9][10] became available. It differs from the sixspeed DSG, in that it uses two singleplate dry clutches (of similar diameter).[10] This clutch pack was designed by LuK Clutch Systems, LLC.[11] This sevenspeed DSG is used in smaller frontwheel drive cars with smaller displacement engines with lower torque outputs,[6][7][10] such as the latest Volkswagen Golf,[6][10] Volkswagen Polo Mk5,[10] and the new SEAT Ibiza.[7] It has been paired to engines with up to 250 N·m (180 lb·ft).[12] It has considerably less oil capacity than the sixspeed DQ250; this new DQ200 uses just 1.7 litres (0.37 imp gal; 0.45 US gal) of transmission fluid.[6]
In September 2010, VW launched a new sevenspeed DSG built to support up to 650 N·m (480 lb·ft), the DQ500. Its first use was in the Audi TTRS.[13]
Audi longitudinal DSG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 2/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In late 2008, an allnew sevenspeed longitudinal[7][14] S tronic[14] version of the DSG transaxle went into series production (Volkswagen Group internal code: DL501, parts code prefix: 0B5).[8] Initially, from early 2009, it is only used in certain Audi cars, and only with longitudinally mounted engines. Like the original sixspeed DSG, it features a concentric dual wet multiplate clutch.[14] However, this particular variant uses notably more plates — the larger outer clutch (for the oddnumbered gears) uses 10 plates, whereas the smaller inner clutch (driving evennumbered gears and reverse) uses 12 plates.[14] Another notable change over the original transverse DSGs is the lubrication system[15][16] — Audi now utilise two totally separate oil circuits.[14] One oil circuit, consisting of 7.5 litres (1.65 imp gal; 1.98 US gal), lubricates the hydraulic clutches and mechatronics with fully synthetic specialist automatic transmission fluid (ATF),[14] whilst the other oil circuit lubricates the gear trains and front and centre differentials with 4.3 litres (0.95 imp gal; 1.14 US gal) of conventional hypoid gear oil.[14] This dual circuit lubrication is aimed at increasing overall reliability, due to eliminating crosscontamination of debris and wear particles.[14] It has a torque handling limit of up to 600 N·m (440 lb·ft),[7] and engine power outputs of up to 330 kW (450 PS; 440 bhp).[7] It has a total mass, including all lubricants and the dualmass flywheel of 141.5 kg (312 lb).[7]
This was initially available in their quattro allwheeldrive variants,[8] and is very similar to the new ZF Friedrichshafensupplied[17] Porsche DoppelKupplung (PDK).[18][19] List of DSG variants
name speeds max. torque (N·m) type DQ200 7 250 dry DQ250 6 350 wet DQ380[20] 7 380 wet DQ500 7 550 wet DQ511 10 550 wet DL501 7 550 wet
Operational introduction
The internal combustion engine drives two clutch packs.[2][4][5] The outer clutch pack drives gears 1, 3, 5[2] [4] (and 7 when fitted), and reverse[2] — the outer clutch pack has a larger diameter compared to the inner clutch, and can therefore handle greater torque loadings. The inner clutch pack drives gears 2, 4, and 6.[2][4] Instead of a standard large dry singleplate clutch, each clutch pack for the sixspeed DSG is a collection of four small wet interleaved clutch plates (similar to a motorcycle wet multiplate clutch). Due to space constraints, the two clutch assemblies are concentric, and the shafts within the gearbox are hollow and also concentric.[5] Because the alternate clutch pack's gearsets can be preselected[2][4][5] (predictive shifts enabled via the 'unused' section of the gearbox), unpowered time while shifting is avoided[2][5] because the transmission of torque is simply switched from one clutchpack to the other.[2] This means that the DSG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 3/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia takes only about 8 milliseconds to upshift.[3][4] In comparison, the sequential manual transmission (SMT) in the Ferrari F430 Scuderia takes 60 milliseconds to shift,[21] or 150 milliseconds in the Ferrari Enzo.[3] The quoted time for upshifts is the time the wheels are completely nonpowered.
DSG controls
The directshift gearbox uses a floormounted transmission shift lever, very similar to that of a conventional automatic transmission.[10] The lever is operated in a straight 'fore and aft' plane (without any 'dogleg' offset movements), and uses an additional button to help prevent an inadvertent selection of an inappropriate shift lever position.
"P"
P position of the floormounted gear shift lever means that the transmission is set in "Park". Both clutch packs are fully disengaged, all gearsets are disengaged, and a solid mechanical transmission 'lock' is applied to the crown wheel of the DSG's internal differential. This position must only be used when the motor vehicle is stationary. Furthermore, this is the position which must be set on the shift lever before the vehicle ignition key can be removed.
"N"
N position of the floormounted shift lever means that the transmission is in "neutral". Similar to P above, both clutch packs and all gearsets are fully disengaged; however, the parking lock is also disengaged.
"D" mode
Whilst the motor vehicle is stationary and in neutral (N), the driver can select D for "drive" (after first pressing the foot brake pedal). The transmission's reverse gear is selected on the first shaft K1,[3] and the outer clutch K2 engages at the start of the 'bite point'. At the same time, on the alternate gear shaft, the reverse gear clutch K1 is also selected[2][3] (preselected), as the gearbox doesn't know whether the driver wants to go forward or reverse. The clutch pack for second gear (K2) gets ready to engage. When the driver releases the brake pedal, the K2 clutch pack increases the clamping force, allowing the second gear to take up the drive through an increase of the 'bite point', and thereby transferring the torque from the engine through the transmission to the drive shafts and road wheels, causing the vehicle to move forward. Depressing the accelerator pedal engages the clutch and causes an increase of forward vehicle speed. Pressing the throttle pedal to the floor (hard acceleration) will cause the gearbox to "kick down" to first gear to provide the acceleration associated with first, although there will be a slight hesitation while the gearbox deselects second gear and selects first gear. As the vehicle accelerates, the transmission's computer determines when the second gear (which is connected to the second clutch) should be fully used. Depending on the vehicle speed and amount of engine power being requested by the driver (determined by the position of the throttle pedal),[4] the DSG then upshifts. During this sequence, the DSG disengages the first outer clutch whilst simultaneously engaging the second inner clutch[2][3][4] (all power from the engine is now going through the second shaft), thus completing the shift sequence. This sequence happens in 8 milliseconds (aided by preselection),[3][4] and can happen even with full throttle opening, and as a result, there is virtually no power loss.[2][4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 4/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Once the vehicle has completed the shift to second gear, the first gear is immediately deselected, and third gear (being on the same shaft as 1st and 5th) is preselected,[2][3][4] and is pending. Once the time comes to shift into 3rd, the second clutch disengages and the first clutch reengages.[2] This method of operation continues in the same manner for the remaining forward gears.
Downshifting is similar to upshifting but in reverse order, and is slower, at 600 milliseconds, due to the engine's Electronic Control Unit, or ECU, needing to 'blip' the throttle so that the engine crankshaft speed can match the appropriate gear shaft speed.[2][4] The car's computer senses the car slowing down, or more power required (during acceleration), and thus engages a lower gear on the shaft not in use, and then completes the downshift.
The actual shift points are determined by the DSG's transmission ECU, which commands a hydro mechanical unit.[2] The transmission ECU, combined with the hydromechanical unit, are collectively called a "mechatronics"[2] unit or module. Because the DSG's ECU uses "fuzzy logic", the operation of the DSG is said to be "adaptive" ; that is, the DSG will "learn" how the user drives the car, and will progressively tailor the shift points accordingly to suit the habits of the driver.
In the vehicle instrument display, between the speedometer and tachometer, the available shiftlever positions are shown, the current position of the shiftlever is highlighted (emboldened), and the current gear ratio in use is also displayed as a number.
Under "normal", progressive and linear acceleration and deceleration, the DSG shifts in a "sequential" manner, i.e. under acceleration: 1st > 2nd > 3rd > 4th > 5th > 6th; and the same sequence reversed for deceleration. However, the DSG can also skip the normal sequential method, by 'missing out' adjacent gears, and shift two or more gears.[3] This is most apparent if the car is being driven at sedate speeds in one of the higher gears with a light throttle opening, and the accelerator pedal is then pressed down, engaging the "kickdown" function. During kickdown, the DSG will skip gears,[10] shifting directly to the most appropriate gear depending on speed and throttle opening. This kickdown may be engaged by any increased accelerator pedal opening, and is completely independent of the additional resistance to be found when the pedal is pressed fully to the floor, which will activate a similar kickdown function when in Manual operation mode. The sevenspeed unit in the 2007 Audi variants will not automatically shift to 6th gear; rather, it stays at 5th to keep power available at a high RPM while cruising.
When the floormounted gear selector lever is in position D, the DSG works in fully automatic mode,[3][5] with emphasis placed on gear shifts programmed to deliver maximum fuel economy.[3][10] That means that shifts will change up and down very early in the revrange. As an example, on the Volkswagen Golf Mk5 GTI, sixth gear will be engaged around 52 km/h (32 mph), when initially using the DSG transmission with the 'default' ECU adaptation although with an "aggressive" or "sporty" driving style, the adaptive shift pattern will increase the vehicle speed at which sixth gear engages.
"S" mode
The floor selector lever also has an S position.[2] When S is selected, "sport" mode[2] is activated in the DSG. Sport mode still functions as a fully automatic mode,[3] identical in operation to "D" mode, but upshifts and downshifts are made much higher up the engine revrange.[2][3][10] This aids a more sporty driving manner,[2] by utilising considerably more of the available engine power, and also maximising https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 5/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia engine braking. However, this mode does have a detrimental effect on the vehicle fuel consumption, when compared to D mode. This mode may not be ideal to use when wanting to drive in a 'sedate' manner; nor when road conditions are very slippery, due to ice, snow or torrential rain — because loss of tire traction may be experienced (wheel spin during acceleration, and may also result in roadwheel locking during downshifts at high engine rpms under closed throttle). On 4motion or quattroequipped vehicles this may be partially offset by the drivetrain maintaining fulltime engagement of the rear differential in 'S' mode, so power distribution under loss of frontwheel traction may be marginally improved.
S is highlighted in the instrument display, and like D mode, the currently used gear ratio is also displayed as a number.
"R"
R position of the floormounted shift lever means that the transmission is in "reverse". This functions in a similar way to D, but there is just one 'reverse gear'. When selected, R is highlighted in the instrument display.
Manual mode
Additionally, the floor shift lever also has another plane of operation, for manual[3][5] mode, with spring loaded "+" and "−" positions. This plane is selected by moving the stick away from the driver (in vehicles with the driver's seat on the right, the lever is pushed to the left, and in lefthand drive cars, the stick is pushed to the right) when in "D" mode only. When this plane is selected, the DSG can now be controlled like a manual gearbox, albeit only under a sequential shift pattern.
In most (VW) applications, the readout in the instrument display changes to 6 5 4 3 2 1, and just like the automatic modes, the currently used gear ratio is highlighted or emboldened. In other versions (e.g. on the Audi TT) the display shows just M followed by the gear currently selected, e.g. M1, M2 etc.
To change up a gear, the lever is pushed forward (against a spring pressure) towards the "+", and to change down, the lever is pulled rearward towards the "−". The DSG transmission can now be operated with the gear changes being (primarily) determined by the driver. This method of operation is commonly called "tiptronic".[2] In the interests of engine preservation, when accelerating in Manual/tiptronic mode, the DSG will still automatically change up just before the redline, and when decelerating, it will change down automatically at very low revs, just before the engine idle speed (tickover). Furthermore, if the driver calls for a gear when it is not appropriate (e.g.: requesting a downshift when engine speed is near the redline) the DSG will not change to the driver's requested gear.[3]
Current variants of the DSG will still downshift to the lowest possible gear ratio when the kickdown button is activated during full throttle whilst in manual mode. In Manual mode this kickdown is only activated by an additional button at the bottom of the accelerator pedal travel; unless this is pressed the DSG will not downshift, and will simply perform a fullthrottle acceleration in whatever gear was previously being utilised.
Paddle shifters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 6/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Initially available on certain highpowered cars, and those with a "sporty" trim level — such as those using the 2.0 TFSI and 3.2/3.6 VR6 engines[2] — steering wheelmounted paddle shifters[3][5] were available. However, these are now being offered (either as a standard inclusive fitment, or as a factory optional extra) on virtually all DSGequipped cars, throughout all model ranges, including lesser power output applications, such as the 105 PS Volkswagen Golf Plus.[10]
These operate in an identical manner as the floor mounted shift lever when it is placed across the gate in manual mode. The paddle shifters have two distinct advantages: the driver can safely keep both hands on the steering wheel when using the Manual/tiptronic mode; and the driver can temporarily manually override either of the automatic programmes (D or S),[10] and gain instant manual control of the DSG transmission [10] (within the above described constraints).
If the paddleshift activated manual override of one of the automatic modes (D or S) is used intermittently the DSG transmission will default back to the previously selected automatic mode after a predetermined duration of inactivity of the paddles, or when the vehicle becomes stationary. Alternatively, should the driver wish to immediately revert to fully automatic control, this can be done by activating and holding the "+" paddle[10] for at least two seconds. Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Better fuel economy[2][6] (up to 15% improvement) than conventional planetary geared automatic transmission (due to lower parasitic losses from oil churning)[5] and for some models with manual transmissions;[2] No loss of torque transmission from the engine to the driving wheels during gear shifts;[2][4][5] Short upshift time of 8 milliseconds when shifting to a gear the alternate gear shaft has preselected; [3][4] Smooth gearshift operations;[4][5] Consistent downshift time of 600 milliseconds, regardless of throttle or operational mode;[4]
Disadvantages
Achieving no acceleration or hill climbing, while avoiding engine speeds higher than a certain limit (e.g. 3000 or 4000 RPM), is difficult since it requires avoiding triggering the kickdownswitch. Avoiding triggering the kickdownswitch requires a good feel of the throttle pedal, but use of full throttle can still be achieved with a little sensitivity as the kickdown button is only activated beyond the normal full opening of the accelerator pedal. Marginally worse overall mechanical efficiency compared to a conventional manual transmission, especially on wetclutch variants (due to electronics and hydraulic systems);[5] Expensive specialist transmission fluids/lubricants with dedicated additives are required, which need regular changes;[15][16] Relatively expensive to manufacture, and therefore increases new vehicle purchase price; Relatively lengthy shift time when shifting to a gear ratio which the transmission control unit did not anticipate (around 1100 ms, depending on the situation);[4][22] Torque handling capability constraints perceive a limit on aftermarket engine tuning modifications (though many tuners and users have now greatly exceeded the official torque limits.); Later variants https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 7/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia have been fitted to more powerful cars, such as the 300 bhp/350 Nm VW R36 and the 272 bhp/350 Nm Audi TTS. Heavier than a comparable Getrag conventional manual transmission (75 kg (165 lb) vs. 47.5 kg (105 lb)); Fuel economy up to 15% worse than a manual. Applications
Volkswagen Group vehicles with the DSG gearbox include:[8]
Audi
After originally using the 'DSG' moniker, Audi subsequently renamed their directshift gearbox to "S tronic".
Audi TT Audi A1 Audi A3 Audi S3 Audi A4 (B8)[7][14] Audi S4 (B8)[7][14] Audi A5 Audi A7 Audi A8 (D4) Audi Q3 Audi Q5[7][14] Audi R8 facelift
Bugatti
Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4[6] (developed by Ricardo[23] rather than Borg Warner)
SEAT
SEAT Ibiza SEAT León SEAT Altea SEAT Toledo SEAT Alhambra
Škoda
Škoda Fabia Škoda Octavia Škoda Rapid (2012) Škoda Roomster Škoda Superb II Škoda Yeti https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 8/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Volkswagen Passenger Cars
Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen Golf, GTI, TDI, R32, R[2][6] Volkswagen Jetta GLI, TDI Volkswagen Eos Volkswagen Touran[6] Volkswagen New Beetle Volkswagen New Beetle Convertible Volkswagen Passat and R36 Volkswagen CC Volkswagen Sharan Volkswagen Scirocco Volkswagen Tiguan 2011 Volkswagen Lupo 9905 1.2 TDI 3L
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
Volkswagen Caddy carderived van Volkswagen Transporter (T5) medium van[24] Problems and recalls of DSGequipped vehicles
The 7speed DQ200 and 6speed DQ250 gearboxes sometimes suffer from powerloss (gear disengaging) due to shortcircuiting of wires caused by a buildup of sulphur in the transmission oil.[25]
United States of America
In August 2009, Volkswagen of America issued two recalls of DSGequipped vehicles. The first involved 13,500 vehicles,[26] and was to address unplanned shifts to the neutral gear,[26] while the second involved similar problems (by then attributed to faulty temperature sensors) and applied to 53,300 vehicles.[26][27][28] These recalls arose as a result of investigations carried out by the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),[29] where owners reported to the NHTSA a loss of power whilst driving.[26] This investigation preliminary found only 2008 and 2009 model year vehicles as being affected.[26][29]
Australia
In November 2009, Volkswagen recalled certain Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy equipped with 6speed DQ250 DSG transmission because the gearbox may read the clutch temperature incorrectly which lead to clutch protection mode, causing a loss of power of the vehicle.[30]
China
Since 2009 there have been widespread concerns from Chinese consumers particularly among the online community, who expressed that Volkswagen has failed to respond to complaints about defects in its DSG equipped vehicles. Typical issues associated with 6speed DSG include abnormal noise and inability to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 9/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia change gear; while issues associated with 7speed DSG include abnormal noise, excessive shift shock, abnormal increase in engine RPM, flashing gear indicator on the dashboard as well as inability to shift to evennumbered gears.[31] In March 2012 China’s quality watchdog the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) said that it had been in contact with Volkswagen (China) and urged the carmaker to probe the issues.[32][33] In a survey held by Gasgoo.com (China) of 2,937 industry experts and insiders, 83% of respondents believed that the carmaker should consider a full vehicle recall.[34] In March 2012 Volkswagen Group China admitted that there could be an issue in its sevenspeed DSG gearboxes that may affect approximately 500,000 vehicles from its various subsidiaries in China.[35] A software upgrade has since been offered for the affected vehicles in an attempt to repair the problem.
According to 163.com one of China's most popular web portals in March 2012 about a quarter of the complaints about problems found in cars in China's automotive market were made against DSGequipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen.[36] The top five models that dominate those complaints were:
Volkswagen Magotan 6% Volkswagen Bora 5.3% Volkswagen Sagitar 5.3% Volkswagen Touareg 4.7% Volkswagen Golf 4%
On March 15, 2013, China Central Television aired a program for the World Consumer Rights Day. The program criticized the issue associated with DSGequipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen. On March 17, 2013 Volkswagen Group China announced on its official Weibo that it will voluntarily recall vehicles equipped with DSG boxes.[37] Some sources have estimated the failure rate of DSGequipped vehicles sold in China to be greater than 20,000 per million sold.
Sweden
VW Sweden stopped selling the Passat EcoFuel DSG as a taxi after many cars had problems with the 7 speed DSG gearbox. They instead offered the Touran EcoFuel DSG, which is using an updated version of the same DSG gearbox.[38]
Japan
The recall has been extended to Japan with 91,000 (VW and Audi using the same DSG) being recalled. [39]
Malaysia
13 days after the Singapore recall, Volkswagen Malaysia also announced a recall for the 7speed DSG. No official statement was released by the company, but it was stated that a total of 3,962 were involved in the unit recall exercise units produced between June 2010 and June 2011, with affected vehicles being Golf, Polo, Scirocco, Cross Touran, Passat and Jetta models equipped with the transmission. [40]
World wide recall
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 10/13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia November 14, 2013 Volkswagen Group announced a major world wide recall over problems with the 7 speed DSG gearbox (model: DQ200) which might lead to loss of power, covering some 1.6m cars including those carrying the Audi, Skoda and SEAT badges. [41] See also
Volkswagen 01M transmission List of ZF transmissions List of Aisin transmissions List of GM transmissions List of Ford transmissions Multimode manual transmission References
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Retrieved 28 October 2009. https1:/8/e.n .w"iTkipoepdi a9.o1r1g/ wmikoi/Dvieresc tosh iifnt_dgueasrtbroyxstandard shift controls" (http://www.dctfacts.com/lnws_pg12a.asp). DCTfacts.com11./13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 18. "Top 911 moves to industrystandard shift controls" (http://www.dctfacts.com/lnws_pg12a.asp). DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol Corporation. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009. 19. "Porsche Joins the DCT Set" (http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory3.asp). DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol Corporation. Retrieved 28 October 2009. 20. "DQ380" (http://auto.sina.com.cn/news/20141106/15271355710.shtml). auto.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 26 November 2014. 21. Mark Wan (17 October 2007). "Ferrari F430 Scuderia" (http://www.autozine.org/html/Ferrari/F430.html#Scuderia). AutoZine.org. Retrieved 27 October 2009. 22. "How DualClutch Transmissions Work" (http://www.autoevolution.com/news/howdualclutchtransmissions work5458.html). AutoEvolution.com. SoftNews NET. 31 March 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009. 23. "Ricardo Extends DCT Production for Opentop Bugatti" (http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory2b.asp). DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol Corporation. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009. 24. "Volkswagen (Commercial Vehicles) medium van is first with DCT" (http://www.dctfacts.com/dcmarket_pg4.asp). DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol Corporation. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009. 25. "Volkswagen in damage limitation mode after recalls" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/executive living/volkswagenindamagelimitationmodeafterrecalls/storyfngmee2f1226664115767). The Australian. 15 June 2013. 26. Jensen, Christopher (21 August 2009). "VW DSG Transmission Problem Leads to Recall" (http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/21/vwdsgtransmissionproblemleadstorecall/). wheels.blogs.nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved 30 November 2009. 27. Chang, Richard S. (28 August 2009). "VW Has More Problems With Its DSG Transmission" (http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/28/vwhasmoreproblemswithitsdsgtransmission/). wheels.blogs.nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved 30 November 2009. 28. "Volkswagen will repair DSG transmissions on 53,300 vehicles" (http://blog.caranddriver.com/volkswagenwill repairdsgtransmissionson53300vehicles/). Blog.CarAndDriver.com. Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc.,. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009. 29. ODI Resume Volkswagen of America, Inc., 20082009 Volkswagen EOS, GTI, Jetta and R32 with DSG transmission (http://nhthqnwws112.odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/docservlet/Artemis/Public/Pursuits/2009/PE/INOA PE0903536241.pdf) PDF, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Retrieved 30 November 2009. The direct shift gearbox can malfunction at any speed and cause the vehicle to lose motive power suddenly and without warning 30. "Volkswagen—Volkswagen Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy Vehicles" (https://www.recalls.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/1048814). Nov 3, 2009. 31. . Global Times http://finance.huanqiu.com/roll/201203/2527982.html. Retrieved 20120405. Missing or empty |title= (help) 32. . China Daily http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/201203/14/content_14835905.htm. Retrieved 20120405. Missing or empty |title= (help) 33. . justauto http://www.justauto.com/news/vwcriticisedforignoringdsggearboxcustomer complaints_id121552.aspx. Retrieved 20120405. Missing or empty |title= (help) 34. "Analysis: Industry viewpoints on VW's Chinese DSG gearbox controversy" (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/201203/14/content_14835905.htm). Gasgoo. Retrieved 20120405. 35. "VW issues software upgrade to resolve gearbox problems, shies away from recall" (http://autonews.gasgoo.com/chinanews/vwissuessoftwareupgradetoresolvegearboxprob120313.shtml). Gasgoo. Retrieved 20120405. 36. . 163.com http://auto.163.com/12/0331/15/7TUFFTKV00084P3B_2.html. Retrieved 20120406. Missing or empty |title= (help) 37. . qq.com http://auto.qq.com/a/20130316/000003.htm. Retrieved 20130317. Missing or empty |title= (help) 38. http://www.teknikensvarld.se/2012/12/29/37192/volkswagenpassatslutsomtaxi/ Volkswagen Passat slut som taxi 39. "Volkswagen recall extended." (http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motornews/volkswagenrecallextended 201305132jhon.html). drive.com.au (Fairfax Media). 13 May 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013. 40. "VW Malaysia joins recall of 7speed DSG cars" (http://ride.asiaone.com/news/general/story/vwmalaysiajoins recall7speeddsgcars). Volkswagen Malaysia (Asiaone). 12 May 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013. https4:/1/e.n .w"iVkipoeldkias.owrga/wgiekni/D rireeccatlslhsi ftn_geeaarrlbyo x3million cars worldwide including 60,000 in UK over faulty gearbox and light fuse1s2./"13 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 41. "Volkswagen recalls nearly 3million cars worldwide including 60,000 in UK over faulty gearbox and light fuses." (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article2507401/Volkswagenrecallcarsworldwidefaultygearboxlight fuses.html). Volkswagen (Daily Mail). 14 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
External links
Dual Clutch Transmission DCT Facts (http://www.dctfacts.com)
Official links
Volkswagen AG corporate website (http://www.VolkswagenAG.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/homepage.html)
Independent links
Pictures and diagrams of DQ250 DSG (http://www.worldcarfans.com/204030112966/vwdsg transmission) at WorldCarFans.com. Reviews, videos, and explanation of DSG transmission (http://www.myturbodiesel.com/1000q/dsg_faq.htm) First Drive: Audi TT 3.2 DSG (http://www.vwvortex.com/artman/publish/article_317.shtml) review at VWvortex.com. European interest in dual clutch technology shifts up a gear (http://www.just auto.com/features_detail.asp?art=1171), an informative article from JustAuto.com. Computercontrolled Meccano model of a DSG Transmission (http://www.selmec.org.uk/article_0004_computer_controlled_dsg_transmission.aspx) by Alan Wenbourne of the South East London Meccano Club (SELMEC). Video of Alan Wenbourne's Meccano DSG in operation (http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=iUdc48RH9OE) at YouTube.com.
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