DOCSLIB.ORG

Submarine Cables and the Oceans: Connecting the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Submarine Cables and the Oceans: Connecting the World Submarine cables and the oceans: connecting the world DRAFT Submarine cables and the oceans: connecting the world UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre International Cable Protection Committee Ltd (ICPC) 219 Huntingdon Road PO Box 150 Cambridge, CB3 0DL Lymington, SO41 6WA United Kingdom United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Tel: +44 (0) 1590 681673 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Fax: +44 (0) 870 432 7761 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org Website: www.iscpc.org The United Nations Environment Programme World The International Cable Protection Committee Ltd (ICPC) Con servation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the is a non-profit organization that facilitates the exchange of biodiversity assess ment and biodiversity policy support technical, legal and environmental information con- arm of the United Nations Environment Programme cern ing submarine cable installation, maintenance and (UNEP), the world’s foremost inter governmental envi ron - protection. It has over 100 members representing tele com - mental organization. The Centre has been in operation for muni cation and power companies, government agen cies over 25 years, combining scientific research with prac - and scientific organizations from more than 50 countries, tical policy advice. and encourages cooperation with other users of the seabed. ©ICPC Ltd/UNEP/UNEP-WCMC, 2009 CITATION Carter L., Burnett D., Drew S., Marle G., Hagadorn L., ISBN: 978-0-9563387-2-3 Bartlett-McNeil D., and Irvine N. (2009). Submarine Cables and the Oceans – Connecting the World. UNEP-WCMC AUTHORS Biodiversity Series No. 31. ICPC/UNEP/UNEP-WCMC. Lionel Carter (Introduction and Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8), Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. URLs [email protected] http://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources/publications/ Douglas Burnett (Chapter 4), Squire, Sanders & Dempsey UNEP_WCMC_bio_series/31.aspx L.L.P, New York, USA. [email protected] http://www.iscpc.org/publications/icpc-unep_report.pdf Stephen Drew (Chapter 7), Tyco Telecommunications, New Jersey, USA. [email protected] For all correspondence relating to this report please contact: Graham Marle (Introduction), Qualtrack Ltd, Lymington, [email protected] or [email protected] UK. [email protected] Lonnie Hagadorn (Chapters 2, 3), formerly Flag Telecom, A Banson production USA. [email protected] Design and layout Banson Deborah Bartlett-McNeil (Chapter 1), formerly Global Printed in the UK by The Lavenham Press Marine Systems Limited, Chelmsford, Essex, UK. [email protected] Nigel Irvine (Chapter 5), Verizon, Reading, UK. UNEP promotes [email protected] environmentally sound practices, globally and in its own DISCLAIMER activities. This report is printed on FSC The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies paper, using vegetable-based inks and of ICPC, UNEP or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion other eco-friendly practices. Our whatsoever on the part of ICPC, UNEP or contributory organizations distribution policy aims to reduce concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area and its UNEP’s carbon footprint. authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Foreword here are many things and services in our everyday life space and resources to the limit – or even beyond. In the that we take for granted, and telecommunications is light of the actual and potential pressures and impacts this Tone of them. We surf the internet, send emails to creates on marine biodiversity and ecosystems (including friends and colleagues abroad, talk to family members in the services and functions they provide for humankind and foreign countries over the phone, book airline seats and life on Earth), governments and international organizations make banking transactions without actually realizing and have recognized that there is an urgent need for wise appreciating the sophisticated technology that enables us conservation and protection in concert with the sustainable to do so. management and use of the oceans and their resources. There is a common misconception that nowadays most Even the placement and operation of submarine tele- international communications are routed via satellites, when communications cables, as one of the oldest and arguably in fact well over 95 per cent of this traffic is actually routed one of the most important uses of the sea, has to be via submarine fibre-optic cables. Data and voice transfer via considered in this process. In order to focus and guide these these cables is not only cheaper, but also much quicker than deliberations and decision making, an objective, factual via satellite. description of this industry and the interaction of submarine The first submarine cable – a copper-based telegraph telecommunications cables with the marine environment is cable – was laid across the Channel between the United needed: information that the reader will find in this report. Kingdom and France in 1850. Today, more than a million We hope that this report will contribute to and streng- kilometres of state-of-the-art submarine fibre-optic cables then the ongoing exchange of information, mutual edu- span the oceans, connecting continents, islands and cation and cooperation between all stakeholders, so that, countries around the world. Arguably, the international sub- despite increasing technological change and environmental marine cable network provides one of the most important pressures, we can continue to share the seabed in harmony infra structural foundations for the development of whole for the benefit of all. socie ties and nations within a truly global economy. At the beginning of the submarine cable era, there was a widely held belief that the riches of the ocean were too vast ever to be affected by humans. Apart from shipping and regional fishing, there were few other uses of the sea and Ibrahim Thiaw most of the marine environment (the little that was known) Director, Division of Environmental Policy was still relatively pristine. Implementation, UNEP Today, the situation is vastly different. Human activities, directly or indirectly, have affected and altered all environ- Jon Hutton ments world-wide, including the 71 per cent of the planet Director, UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre that is ocean. The number and the intensity of maritime uses have increased dramatically and will continue to do so in the Mick Green future, stretching the capacity of the oceans and their finite Chairman, International Cable Protection Committee 3 Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to Stefan Hain for his encour- agement, expertise and general advice. Without that contribution, this novel project would not have happened. The authors gratefully acknowledge the external reviewers, Robert Beckman, David Billet, Kristina Gjerde, Malcolm Gilberd, Alan Green, Michelle Dow, Don Hussong, Jihyun Lee, Claus Nielsen, Myron Nordquist, Alain Polloni, Neil Rondorf, John Tibbles, Dean Veverka, Bob Wargo, Robin Warner, Nigel Weaver and Ian Wright, whose expert com- mentaries and critiques improved the manuscript versions of this report. We are also indebted to those individuals, companies and institutions who generously contributed images, each of which is attributed to the contributor in the caption text. Those photographs and graphics are a fundamental part of the report. Finally, we acknowledge UNEP and ICPC for providing the opportunity for this col- laborative venture. Although from different cultures, both organizations recog nize the value of providing an evidence- based synopsis of the interactions between the marine environment and the submarine cable network. In that context, this report could be viewed as the first step towards a knowledge base to guide future management and use of the marine environment. The views presented in this report, together with any errors or inconsistencies, are the responsibility of the authors. 4 Contents FOREWORD.................................................................................................................................................................................3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1: A HISTORY OF SUBMARINE CABLES .................................................................................................................11 Telegraph era......................................................................................................................................................................................11 Telephonic era ................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Fibre-optic era....................................................................................................................................................................................15 CHAPTER 2: INSIDE SUBMARINE CABLES.............................................................................................................................17 Designed for the deep....................................................................................................................................................................17
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TAPE WOUND CORES 48 Alloy | Orthonol | Magnesil | Permalloy 80 | Supermalloy
    TAPE WOUND CORES 48 Alloy | Orthonol | Magnesil | Permalloy 80 | Supermalloy Orthonol M a 48 A g d Cores lloy n un e o s W i l e p a T B S o u y p o l e l r a m b b i n C o 0 r e s 8 y o l l a m r e P WEBSITES Visit Magnetics’ websites for a wealth of easy to access information on soft magnetic cores and materials… All product specifications for Magnetics’ Ferrite Cores, Powder Cores and Tape The Software section of the website provides access to the Magnetics’ software Wound Cores can be found quickly by using the menu driven product locator. design aids for designing Common Mode Filters, Current Transformers, Inductors Magnetics’ Digital Library contains all of the company’s technical bulletins, white and MagAmps. papers and design manuals, which can be viewed on-screen or downloaded. HEADQUARTERS MAGNETICS INTERNATIONAL 110 Delta Drive 13/F 1-3 Chatham Road South Pittsburgh, PA 15238 Tsim Sha Tsui USA Kowloon, Hong Kong (p) 1.800.245.3984 (p) +852.3102.9337 1.412.696.1333 +86.139.1147.1417 [email protected] [email protected] www.mag-inc.com www.mag-inc.com.cn CONTENTS HISTORY OF THE Index STRIP WOUND CORE Magnetics Pioneered Strip Wound Cores. History Magnetics was established in 1949 when the commercial market for high History ............................ 1 permeability magnetic materials was virtually non-existent and development in this field was just taking root. The new simplicity and reliability with which magnetic Materials & Applications components could be used opened many doors in the field of electronics.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Graham Bell
    WEEK 2 LEVEL 7 Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell is the famous inventor of the telephone. Born in Scotland on March 3, 1847, he was the second son of Alexander and Eliza Bell. His father taught students the art of speaking clearly, or elocution, and his mother played the piano. Bell’s mother was almost deaf. His father’s career and his mother’s hearing impairment influenced the course of his career. He became a teacher of deaf people. As a child, Bell didn’t care for school, and he eventually dropped out. He did like to solve problems though. For example, when he was only 12, he invented a new farm implement. The tool removed the tiny husks from wheat grains. After the deaths of his two brothers from tuberculosis, Bell and his parents moved from Europe to Canada in 1870. They thought the climate there was healthier than in Scotland. A year later, Bell moved to the United States. He got a job teaching at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes. © 2019 Scholar Within, Inc. WEEK 2 LEVEL 7 One of his students was a 15-year-old named Mabel Hubbard. He was 10 years older than she was, but they fell in love and married in 1877. The Bells raised two daughters but lost two sons who both died as babies. Bell’s father-in-law, Gardiner Hubbard, knew Bell was interested in inventing things, so he asked him to improve the telegraph. Telegraph messages were tapped out with a machine using dots and dashes known as Morse code.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades Of
    66 n o v voice 2012 of the ISSn 1948-3031 Industry System Upgrades Edition In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades of Upgrading Cables Systems? More Possibilities That You Originally Think Of! Excellence Reach, Reliability And Return On Investment: The 3R’s To Optimal Subsea Architecture Statistics Issue Issue Issue #64 Issue #3 #63 #2 Released Released Issue Released Released #65 Released 2 ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers ovember in America is the month Forum brand which we will be rolling out we celebrate Thanksgiving. It during the course of the year, and which CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, is also the month SubTel Forum we believe will further enhance your James Barton, Bertrand Clesca, Dr Herve Fevrier, N Stephen Jarvis, Brian Lavallée, Pete LeHardy, celebrates our anniversary of existence, utility and enjoyment. We’re going to kick Vinay Rathore, Dr. Joerg Schwartz that now being 11 years going strong. it up a level or two, and think you will like the developments . And as always, it will Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is When Ted and I established our little be done at no cost to our readers. published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms magazine in 2001, our hope was to get Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial enough interest to keep it going for a We will do so with two key founding publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected while. We had a list of contacts, an AOL principles always in mind, which annually with submarine optical fiber technologies and email address and a song in our heart; the I reaffirm to you, our readers: techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetic and Electrical Characteristics of Permalloy Thin Tape Bobbin Cores
    NASA/TM—2005-214012 AIAA–2004–5749 Magnetic and Electrical Characteristics of Permalloy Thin Tape Bobbin Cores Gene E. Schwarze Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio William R. Wieserman University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown Campus, Johnstown, Pennsylvania Janis M. Niedra QSS Group, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio December 2005 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for technical, or historical information from NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA STI Program Office provides access to the often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Database, the largest collection of substantial public interest. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- mechanism for disseminating the results of its language translations of foreign scientific research and development activities. These results and technical material pertinent to NASA’s are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of Program Office’s diverse offerings include completed research or a major significant creating custom thesauri, building customized phase of research that present the results of databases, organizing and publishing research NASA programs and include extensive data results .
    [Show full text]
  • Bell Telephone Magazine
    »y{iiuiiLviiitiJjitAi.¥A^»yj|tiAt^^ p?fsiJ i »^'iiy{i Hound / \T—^^, n ••J Period icsl Hansiasf Cttp public Hibrarp This Volume is for 5j I REFERENCE USE ONLY I From the collection of the ^ m o PreTinger a V IjJJibrary San Francisco, California 2008 I '. .':>;•.' '•, '•,.L:'',;j •', • .v, ;; Index to tne;i:'A ";.""' ;•;'!!••.'.•' Bell Telephone Magazine Volume XXVI, 1947 Information Department AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY New York 7, N. Y. PRINTKD IN U. S. A. — BELL TELEPHONE MAGAZINE VOLUME XXVI, 1947 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPRING, 1947 The Teacher, by A. M . Sullivan 3 A Tribute to Alexander Graham Bell, by Walter S. Gifford 4 Mr. Bell and Bell Laboratories, by Oliver E. Buckley 6 Two Men and a Piece of Wire and faith 12 The Pioneers and the First Pioneer 21 The Bell Centennial in the Press 25 Helen Keller and Dr. Bell 29 The First Twenty-Five Years, by The Editors 30 America Is Calling, by IVilliani G. Thompson 35 Preparing Histories of the Telephone Business, by Samuel T. Gushing 52 Preparing a History of the Telephone in Connecticut, by Edward M. Folev, Jr 56 Who's Who & What's What 67 SUMMER, 1947 The Responsibility of Managcincnt in the r^)e!I System, by Walter S. Gifford .'. 70 Helping Customers Improve Telephone Usage Habits, by Justin E. Hoy 72 Employees Enjoy more than 70 Out-of-hour Activities, by /()/;// (/. Simmons *^I Keeping Our Automotive Equipment Modern. l)y Temf^le G. Smith 90 Mark Twain and the Telephone 100 0"^ Crossed Wireless ^ Twenty-five Years Ago in the Bell Telephone Quarterly 105 Who's Who & What's What 107 3 i3(J5'MT' SEP 1 5 1949 BELL TELEPHONE MAGAZINE INDEX.
    [Show full text]
  • Samuel Morse's Telegraph
    1 SAMUEL MORSE’S TELEGRAPH (The Start of the Communications Revolution) Steve Krar We live in the information age where more and more information is required at all times. There never seems to be a time when information is so readily available, but this has not always been the case. The today’s communications revolution includes radio, telephones, television computers, fax machines and satellites. So fast is the change in communications that we sometimes forget the machine that started it all. The Telegraph The telegraph was born at a time when few grasped even remotely what electric current was, let alone what it might do. The telegraph was a landmark in human development from which there could be no retreat. For the first time messages could routinely travel great distances faster than man or beast could carry them. Samuel Morse In October 1832 Samuel Morse, an early pioneer of the telegraph, on his way home from Europe met Dr. Charles Jackson who asked whether electricity took much time to travel over a long wire. The idea began to obsess Morse and before reaching shore, he had sketched the basic elements of a telegraph instrument and a crude version of a code based on dots and dashes. News from Europe in early 1837 told of the great strides being made in telegraphy; Morse realized that if he did not finish the invention soon, his efforts might be wasted. Finally, in February 1837 Congress directed the Secretary of the Treasury to ask for proposals for a telegraph. Morse’s Telegraph Morse thought that if he could perfect the electromagnetic telegraph that he had designed, in 1836, it would answer the government's needs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Subsea Telecommunications & Its
    The Story of Subsea Telecommunications 02 & its Association with Enderby House By Stewart Ash INTRODUCTION The modern world of instant communications 1850 - 1950: the telegraph era began, not in the last couple of decades - but 1950 - 1986: the telephone era more than 160 years ago. Just over 150 years 1986 until today, and into the future: the optical era ago a Greenwich-based company was founded that became the dominant subsea cable system In the telegraph era, copper conductors could supplier of the telegraph era, and with its carry text only — usually short telegrams. During successors, helped to create the world we know the telephone era, technology had advanced today. enough for coaxial cables to carry up to 5,680 simultaneous telephone calls. And in today’s On 7 April 1864, the Telegraph Construction and optical era, fibres made of glass carry multi- Maintenance Company Ltd, better known for most wavelengths of laser light, providing terabits of of its life as Telcon, was incorporated and began its data for phone calls, text, internet pages, music, global communications revolution from a Thames- pictures and video. side site on the Greenwich Peninsula. Today, high capacity optic fibre subsea cables For more than 100 years, Telcon and its successors provide the arteries of the internet and are the were the world’s leading suppliers of subsea primary enablers of global electronic-commerce. telecommunications cable and, in 1950, dominated the global market, having manufactured and For over 160 years, the Greenwich peninsula has supplied 385,000 nautical miles (714,290km) of been at the heart of this technological revolution, cable, 82% of the total market.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 1 – Telephone English Phrases
    Lesson 1 – Telephone English Phrases First let's learn some essential telephone vocabulary, and then you’ll hear examples of formal and informal telephone conversations. There are different types of phones: cell phones or mobile phones (a cell phone with more advanced capabilities is called a smartphone) pay phones or public phones the regular telephone you have in your house is called a landline - to differentiate it from a cell phone. This type of phone is called a cordless phone because it is not connected by a cord. www.espressoenglish.net © Shayna Oliveira 2013 When someone calls you, the phone makes a sound – we say the phone is ringing. If you're available, you pick up the telephone or answer the telephone, in order to talk to the person. If there's nobody to answer the phone, then the caller will have to leave a message on an answering machine or voicemail. Later, you can call back or return the call. When you want to make a phone call, you start by dialing the number. Let's imagine that you call your friend, but she's already on the phone with someone else. You'll hear a busy signal - a beeping sound that tells you the other person is currently using the phone. Sometimes, when you call a company, they put you on hold. This is when you wait for your call to be answered - usually while listening to music. Finally, when you're finished with the conversation, you hang up. Now you know the basic telephone vocabulary. In the next part of the lesson, you’re going to hear some conversations to learn some useful English phrases for talking on the phone.
    [Show full text]
  • KDDI Global ICT Brochure
    https://global.kddi.com KDDI-Global Networks and IT Solutions Networking, Colocation, System Integration around the world BUILDING YOUR BUSINESS TOGETHER KDDI solutions are at the cutting-edge in all fields of information and communications KDDI, a Fortune Global 500 company, is one of Asia’s largest telecommunications providers, with approximately US$48 billion in annual revenue and a proven track record extending over many years and around the world. We deliver all-round services, from mobile phones to fixed-line communications, making us your one-stop solution provider for telecommunications and IT environments. The high praise and trust enjoyed by our TELEHOUSE data centers positioned around the world have kept us at the forefront of service and quality. Since our establishment in 1953, we have expanded our presence into 28 countries and 60 cities, with over 100 offices around the world supporting the success of our international customers through our high quality services. KDDI’s mobile telephone brand “au” has achieved significant market share in Japan, one of the world’s most comprehensive KDDI Quick Facts communications markets. KDDI’s relationship with over 600 carriers worldwide enables us to provide high-quality international network services in over 190 countries. Our exciting ventures, built on extensive experience, include investment in the “South-East Asia Japan 2 Cable”, which connects 11 locations in 9 countries and territories in Asia. Moreover, as the world moves toward the age of IoT and 5G, KDDI is taking steps to promote IoT business, such as connected cars, support for companies engaged in global business, and the creation of new value for our society.
    [Show full text]
  • MAGNETORESISTIVE (MR) HEADS and the EARLIEST MR HEAD-BASED DISK DRIVES: SAWMILL and CORSAIR Christopher H
    MAGNETORESISTIVE (MR) HEADS AND THE EARLIEST MR HEAD-BASED DISK DRIVES: SAWMILL AND CORSAIR Christopher H. Bajorek, Storage Interest Group Computer History Museum, Mountain View, CA (Updated November, 2014) Why it is Important Hard disk drives (HDDs) have survived as the information storage device of choice because of the sustained and steep advances achieved in storage density. Density advances required downward scaling of the key components. The resulting smaller head-disk spacing and reduced magnetic fields from the disk were the key technology challenges. The reduction in the size of stored bits caused signal amplitude reductions which necessitated the invention of more powerful detectors. Magnetoresistive (MR) heads were the successful answer. These new film heads, together with new film disks, provided successful components for future HDDs up to the present time. They solved the joint challenge of ultra small signals and ever-reduced spacing of the heads and disks. Since 1990, this combination improved data density, with concomitant cost per bit reductions, by approximately 20,000 times. Two companies led the industry in independently developing MR heads, IBM and HP. IBM was first to market in 1990. HP was second in 1994. Seagate also benefited from the HP heads since 1995. The rest of the industry started using MR heads in 1996. Magnetoresistive (MR) Heads Prior to 1990, all hard disk drives used the same inductive head for reading and writing. The readback signal amplitude from an inductive head is proportional to the magnetic flux captured from a stored bit, to the number of turns of wire wrapped on the head, and to the velocity at which the head flies on the disk.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Submarine Cable Market Industry Report
    submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2013 Authored by Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 2 March 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: pending 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1. Foreword 10 2. Introduction 11 3. Executive Summary 13 4. Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 18 4.1 Overview of Historical System Investment 20 4.2 2008 – 2012 Systems in Review 20 4.3 Systems Investment in 2013 and Beyond 21 5. Supplier Analysis 25 5.1 System Suppliers 25 5.2 Upgrade Suppliers 26 6. Ownership Analysis 28 6.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 28 7. Regional Market Analysis and Capacity Outlook 31 7.1 Transatlantic
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetix Layout a with C
    WOUND CORES STRIP WOUND CORES STRIP WO x www.mag-inc.com Visit Magnetics’ website for a wealth of easy to access information on soft magnetic cores and materials… All product specifications for Magnetics’ Ferrite Cores, Powder Cores and Strip Wound Cores can be found quickly by using the menu driven product locator. Magnetics’ Digital Library contains all of the company’s technical bulletins, white papers and design manuals, which can be viewed on-screen or downloaded. The Software section of the website provides access to the Magnetics’ software design aids for designing Common Mode Filters, Current Transformers, Inductors and MagAmps. Contact information for Magnetics’ global distribution network, including access to STOCKCHECK, an easy way to check distributor inventory via the web. Contact Magnetics P.O. Box 11422 Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0422 web: www.mag-inc.com Phone: 412-696-1300 or 1-800-245-3984 Fax: 412-696-0333 email: [email protected] 2 MAGNETICS – www.mag-inc.com MAGNETICS STRIP WOUND CORES INDEX INTRODUCTION History ................................................1 HISTORY OF THE STRIP WOUND CORE Materials and Applications ................2 Magnetics pioneered Strip Wound Cores. Although the groundwork for the formation of modern magnetic devices was Tape Wound Cores ............................4 laid by German military in World War I, it was after World War II that tape Bobbin Cores ....................................8 wound cores had their beginnings as electronics opened the way to new weapons systems. The Naval Ordnance Laboratory in Washington, DC turned Cut Cores and Special Cores............11 its attention to facets of magnetism in devices where the vacuum tube had a Other Products ................................12 serious drawback - fragility.
    [Show full text]