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VULCAN HISTORICAL REVIEW 04 LETTER from the EDITORS Volume 22 // 2018 ARTICLES VULCAN 22 VOLUME HISTORICAL REVIEW Chi Omicron Chapter - Phi Alpha Theta History Honor Society | University of Alabama at Birmingham TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE THE VULCAN HISTORICAL REVIEW 04 LETTER FROM THE EDITORS Volume 22 // 2018 ARTICLES ROOMS OF THEIR OWN: FEMALE VOICES IN HISTORY 2018 EDITORIAL STAFF CO-SPONSORS 05 A Feminist Mirror: Reflections of the 1960’s in Betty Friedan Lance Ledbetter The Linney Family Endowment by Alice Grissom Head Editor for The Vulcan Historical Review A Woman Must Soar: Florence Nightingale as an Tierra Andrews Journal 11 Inspiration to Southern Nurses Graphic Designer Dr. Linda Lucas, Provost, UAB by Katharine Armbrester EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. Suzanne Austin, Vice Provost for LASTING LEGACIES: CULTURAL HISTORY IN AMERICA Alice Grissom Student & Faculty Success, UAB 23 Divided We Revise Laura Michaela King Dr. Robert Palazzo, Dean of the College by Alice Grissom Eric Greer of Arts and Sciences, UAB 31 T’Challa, the Black Panther: The Historical Accuracy FACULTY ADVISOR The Department of History, UAB of Institutionalized Racism and the Black Power Dr. Andrew Baer Movement on the Pages of Marvel Comics by Grace Larkin CROSSING BORDERS: HISTORY ABROAD Ascendancy of the Vanquished: A Story 38 The Vulcan Historical Review is published annually Cover art courtesy of the Birmingham Public Library of Dixie and the Boer Republics by the Chi Omicron Chapter (UAB) of Phi Alpha and the Library of Congress. by Sammy Jane-akson Theta National History Honor Society. The journal All students at the University of Alabama at 51 Burke and Hare: The Ghoulish Duo that is completely student-edited by undergraduate and Birmingham, including recent alumni, are encouraged Advanced the Study of Human Anatomy graduate students at the University of Alabama at to submit research articles, book reviews, film reviews, by Jennifer Wells Birmingham. essays, oral histories, historical fictions, or other BEHIND THE MAGIC: BIRMINGHAM HISTORY works of historical interest to be considered for ©2018 Chi Omicron Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta publication. Submissions by any currently-enrolled 62 Nigel Harlan Slaying: The Birmingham Murder National History Honor Society, the University of history undergraduate or graduate student from other That Halted Old Town Uptown Revitalization Alabama at Birmingham. All rights reserved. No institutions are also welcome. Please send inquiries to: by Laura King material may be duplicated or quoted without 73 The Unknown Truth: Police Brutality in Birmingham the express written permission of the author. Phi Alpha Theta Advisor by Demetric Mitchell The University of Alabama at Birmingham, its History Department HHB 360 departments, and its organizations disclaim any University of Alabama at Birmingham BOOK REVIEW responsibility for statements in fact or opinion, made 1401 University Boulevard 80 Invisible No More: Police Violence Against Black Women by contributors herein. Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and Women of Color Reviewed by Ajanet Rountree 83 ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND EDITORS 2 3 LETTER FROM THE EDITORS A FEMINIST MIRROR: REFLECTIONS OF THE 1960’S IN BETTY FRIEDAN by Alice Grissom he Vulcan Historical Review is one of the most contacts for publication. Our deepest gratitude goes T useful and important traditions for the humanities to the History Department of UAB for nurturing young thought that to remain a housewife one cannot at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and we scholars, teaching them and instilling within them a simultaneously be a feminist. Much like the apparent would all like to express our thanks for the privilege of passion for history and a curiosity that will stay with contradictions found in the Sixties as a whole, this working on this year’s issue. This journal affords the them long after they leave the department. We would supposed paradox is born in the assumption that opportunity for both graduate and undergraduate like to thank our faculty advisor, Dr. Andrew Baer, for radicalism cannot coexist with plebian concerns. students to gain vital experience and exposure during his guidance, support, and kindness. Our gratitude Though lauded as an instrumental “founding mother” their formal education. Our individual passions and goes to Dr. John Van Sant, our Department Chair, of second-wave feminism and an irreplaceable asset dedication to the craft of history propels new research for supporting our publication and student research. to the women’s movement, Friedan’s homophobia and helps us ask new questions of the past. The We would also like to thank Michele Foreman for her and racism, inherent in her publications starting answers to these questions, hopefully, can not only assistance in finding a graphic designer. Thank you with the groundbreaking bestseller The Feminine help us better understand how and why we arrived to all faculty who helped recruit more authors in their Mystique, imply the progressive façade of the Sixties.1 at our current situation but also uncover solutions to classes and encouraged their students to submit More recent scholarship sheds light on Friedan’s change the world for the better. This is the goal of papers for publication. Our special thanks must pre- Feminine Mystique past as a leftist activist all scholarly history research and our current editors, be extended to our administrative staff, Alisa Dick, and radical, demonstrating second-wave feminism’s authors, and faculty have taken up the mantle of this our Office Service Specialist, and Melanie Daily, our foundation in the radicalism of labor movements of serious and vital scholarship which constitutes not Administrative Associate, without whom we could not the 1930’s and 1940’s and thereby the continuity only this issue of The Vulcan Historical Review but the be sucessful. Timothy Granger, Stephanie Womack, of the activist Left. Regardless of these illuminating legacy of the former issues as well. Grace Larkin, and Nadejda Bontcheva-Loyaga each connections, her motives in abandoning some of the Betty Freidan Courtesy of the Library of chief causes she championed earlier in life to promote Our current issue contains papers and research deserve special mention for their example and help as Congress those of upper-middle-class white heterosexual dealing with historical issues in places ranging from previous members of The Vulcan Historical Review’s women must be questioned. here in Birmingham to across the pond in England and editorial staff. Our academic journal depends on onsidered by popular culture to be the turning even South Africa. We have chosen to continue our the efforts of our students, both undergraduate and C point in radicalism, activism, and sexual liberty, Raised in a middle-class Jewish family in Peoria, use of the Vulcan statue for our cover as it is not only graduate alike, and to them, we extend our thanks. the notorious Sixties clamor for attention in the Illinois, Friedan (or Bettye Goldstein, as she was the namesake of the journal but also the best physical Our efforts would have proven fruitless if it had not collective memory of America as a decade that then known) faced anti-Semitism from a young age representation of the wonderful city this university been for the financial support of all of our sponsors, shaped the nation, freeing it from the conformist and, as a reclusive and brainy book-lover, didn’t calls home. This twenty-second edition of the journal especially the Linney Family Endowment, Dr. Pam stranglehold of the 1950’s. While this narrative truly “bloom” until her days at Smith College. During explores various types of history in the hopes to Benoit (Provost), Dr. Suzanne Austin (Vice Provost) certainly holds the appeal of a redemptive plot with her years there, Friedan not only developed the expand scholarly consideration of the past as stated and Dr. Robert Palazzo (Dean of the College of Arts clear winners and losers, it fails to encompass the school’s newspaper into a formidable advocate for above. Our featured sections include highlighting and Sciences). There are a bevy of people that we actual complexity of the 1960’s, a time marked as workers’ rights, but also underwent a period of Leftist female perspectives and feminist history in America, could thank and for anyone we might have left out much by conservatism and violence as by liberalism radicalization typical of college students.2 In the time cultural histories in America and their legacies, a look a special thanks to you as well. Though this edition and the peace movement. Of the many major after graduating and before publishing The Feminine at some foreign subjects in history, as well as local faced many hardships throughout the process of its characters of the Sixties, Betty Friedan: writer, Mystique, Friedan wrote extensively for several radical history in Birmingham. The journal concludes with a publication we hope the work within speaks for itself feminist, and housewife, conclusively demonstrates unionist newspapers and magazines, including the book review by an outstanding graduate student. as serious works of scholarship that everyone at the this duality through the narrative of her activism in the Federated Press and the UE News.3 United Electric university can be proud of. Again, thank you all so 1960's, the influences of her life beforehand, and her forced Friedan out of her job at the UE News after This journal could not have been possible without much for everything you do every day. Ever faithful. legacy after. Indeed, in her contrasting appellations of her second pregnancy, and from that point on she the support and advice of several faculty and staff Go Blazers. “feminist” and “housewife” she embodies an apparent continued work solely as a freelance writer and who helped recruit authors as well as give advice and duality, in that it is commonly, albeit incorrectly, journalist. While she initially took time off work to 4 5 concentrate her efforts on wrangling a now three- of disappointments, prompting Friedan to begin child family, Friedan regretted leaving her profession investigating “The Problem that has No Name” Mystique, middle-class women began taking part.
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