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Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Timelines 15. For approximately how many years was Napoleon emperor? 16. In 1815, Napoleon escaped from exile and returned to gain control of France. What conclusions can you make about his character based on this? 17. Looking at the events that happened between 1803-1805, why do you think Napoleon might have sold the Louisiana territory to the United States? Unit 3: Age of Revolutions Lesson 2: Napoleon and Nationalism Textbook Correlation: Contemporaries: Chapter 5 Lesson 2 & 3 Standards 7-3.2 Analyze the effects of the Napoleonic Wars on the development and spread of nationalism in Europe, including the Congress of Vienna, the revolutionary movements of 1830 and 1848, and the unification of Germany and Italy. Essential Questions • How did Napoleon’s rule affect France? • What mistakes led to his downfall? • What were the effects of the Napoleonic Wars? • What is nationalism? • How did the spread of nationalism affect Europe? Napoleon Stabilizes France • Economic Policy • Created a national bank • Efficient tax system • Ended government corruption • Culture • Restored Catholic Church in France • Gained favor of the Pope and the people • Napoleonic Code • Uniform system of laws • Made everyone equal under the law • Guaranteed rights to all French people • Became incredibly popular with the French people NAPOLEON BUILDS AN EMPIRE • 1804- Declared himself emperor of France • Napoleonic Wars • France began conquering neighboring countries • By 1812, he controlled most of Europe End Day 1 (Monday) Unit Portfolio: Compare and Contrast 18. Compare and contrast the French government under the rule on Louis XVI and Napoleon Bonaparte. You may do this in any format (paragraph, chart, graph, diagram, cartoon, etc.) NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL 1ST MISTAKE: CONTINENTAL SYSTEM • Trade embargo of Great Britain (1806- 1812) • Napoleon threatened to invade countries who traded with the British • Spain • Russia • Wanted to cripple Britain's economy • Hurt France and their allies more than Britain NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL 2ND MISTAKE: PENINSULAR WAR War for control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) France vs. Spain, Britain, Portugal • Spain and Portugal refused to follow Continental System • Napoleon conquered the region and made his brother the King of Spain • Spanish revolted with the help of the British • War drained France’s resources and they were eventually kicked out NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL 3RD MISTAKE: INVASION OF RUSSIA • The Grand Army: 400,000 soldiers went into Russia • Russians retreated and burned or destroyed anything the French could use as they went • No food or shelter for the French as winter set in • French forced to retreat • 10,000 soldiers returned • Russia invaded France NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S 1ST EXILE • Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain joined Russia and attacked France • In 1814, Napoleon surrendered his throne & was exiled to Elba. • Louis XVIII became King of France NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S 2ND EXILE • The Hundred Days War • In 1815, Napoleon escaped from Elba • Gathered his allies and reclaimed control of France • Great Britain, Prussia, and the Netherlands invaded • Defeated at Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena. End Day 2 (Tuesday) EFFECTS OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE CONGRESS OF VIENNA • Gathering of European Powers who defeated France • Goals • Reestablish the balance of power in Europe • Bring monarchies back to countries Napoleon had defeated SO WHAT IS NATIONALISM? • Nation: group of people linked by a shared culture (history, language, customs, religion) • Nationalism: Loyalty to your culture/people • Nation-State: country whose citizens share a common culture • Goals of a Nationalist Movement • Unity: all the people in their nation to be in the same country • Self-rule: want their people to be independent • Effects of Nationalism • Promotes loyalty to nation of people not a king, empire, or government • Source of pride and patriotism Copy this to your notes EFFECTS OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE NATIONALISM Napoleon People began tried to force to feel more French culture loyal to own on conquered culture people Enlightenment People began ideas spread to resist French by French control army Rise of Nationalism Unit Portfolio: Video Quiz 19. What is one way we express nationalism in this school? 20. How did Napoleon help create nationalism in France? 21. How did Napoleon create nationalism in his enemies? Use internet to find answers if doing this from home Clash of Philosophies Throughout Europe • Congress of Vienna • Nationalism • Conservatives • Moderates and Radicals • Loyal to Kings • Loyal to culture and • Wanted absolute people monarchies • Wanted democracy and self-rule TYPES OF NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN THE 1800S • Separation: groups splintered off from their current government to form one that was more representative of their own interests.(Greeks from Ottoman Empire) • Unification: people of common culture from different states join together. (Germany, Italy) End Day 3: Thursday Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Maps Use the map on the left side of page 181 in your text book to answer the following questions. 22. What two areas did Italy give to France in 1860? 23. During which year did Piedmont/Italy gain the most territory? 24. The area around which city was the last to get added to the Italy? Nationalists Movements Sweep Europe • Greece Gains Independence • Part of Ottoman Empire • Revolted against the Turks (1821) • Got help from other European countries • Won independence in (1830) • Uprisings in Central Europe • Belgian, Italian, Polish liberals and nationalists launched revolts (early 1830s) • Hungarians and Czechs tried to separate from Austria (1848) • All Failed Question: Why did Greece get help from other European countries while Central European uprisings were put down? Reform in France • Congress of Vienna tried to restore French monarchy • Many French people resented it • Political instability in France for many years • Louis XVIII (removed by Napoleons return-1815) • Charles X (overthrown 1830) • Louis-Philippe (overthrown in favor of a republic 1848) • Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte • Elected president of republic • Took the title of Emperor Napoleon III • revived French economy • built railroads • promoted industrialization • ruled for 22 years • Overthrown in 1870 Italy in 1800s • Large parts of Italy ruled by Austria and Spain • Broken into many smaller kingdoms • Failed Nationalist uprising in 1848 Unification of Italy • Camillo di Cavour • Prime minister of kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia • Largest and most powerful Italian State • Gained control of Austrian-controlled land in northern Italy • Other northern Italian states joined Piedmont • Giuseppe Garibaldi • Lead nationalists “Red Shirts” and conquered Sicily uniting southern Italy • Garibaldi agreed to unite southern Italy and Piedmont-Sardinia • King Victor Emanuel II crowned king of Italy (1860) • Venice and Papal States joined (1870) End Day 4 (Friday) Unit Portfolio: DBQ Use the primary sources provided to answer the following questions 25. Why did Otto von Bismarck claim that Prussia had to attack Austria? 26. According to Helmuth von Moltke, why did Prussia go to war with Austria? 27. Why did Prussia want to become friends with Austria again and not “wound them too severely?” Germany in the early 1800s • Divided into many independent states • Each ruled by different leaders • German Confederation (1815) • 39 loosely joined German states • Prussia and Austria the most powerful • Prussia • Ruled by Wilhelm I • Powerful army with a liberal constitution • Supported by Junkers: conservative nobles Otto von Bismarck • Prime Minister of Prussia under King Wilhelm I • Practiced Realpolitik • Power politics without room for idealism • Any action is okay as long as it helps the nation “Might makes right!” • Defied Prussian parliament • Violated Prussia’s constitution • Used military force to unite Germany Three Wars of German Unification • The Danish War: Prussia joined with Austria to take land from Denmark (1866) • Seven Weeks War • Bismarck purposely made border conflicts with Austria • Seized Austrian territory in northern Germany • Result-Northern German states joined Prussia • Franco-Prussian War (1871) • Prussia wanted French territory • Bismarck wanted to gain support of the remaining German states • Bismarck provoked war • Inspired nationalism in southern German states • Wilhelm I crowned emperor of a united Germany (1871) Unit Portfolio: Check on Learning 28. Name three ways that Napoleon stabilized France. 29. What three mistakes led to Napoleon Bonaparte’s downfall? 30. What were the effects of the Congress of Vienna? 31. Describe realpolitik. 32. How did the following contribute to the nationalist movements of their people? - Camillo di Cavour - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Otto von Bismarck End Day 5 (Monday) .
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