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Systematic Scoping Review on Social Media Monitoring Methods and Interventions Relating to Vaccine Hesitancy
TECHNICAL REPORT Systematic scoping review on social media monitoring methods and interventions relating to vaccine hesitancy www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC TECHNICAL REPORT Systematic scoping review on social media monitoring methods and interventions relating to vaccine hesitancy This report was commissioned by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and coordinated by Kate Olsson with the support of Judit Takács. The scoping review was performed by researchers from the Vaccine Confidence Project, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (contract number ECD8894). Authors: Emilie Karafillakis, Clarissa Simas, Sam Martin, Sara Dada, Heidi Larson. Acknowledgements ECDC would like to acknowledge contributions to the project from the expert reviewers: Dan Arthus, University College London; Maged N Kamel Boulos, University of the Highlands and Islands, Sandra Alexiu, GP Association Bucharest and Franklin Apfel and Sabrina Cecconi, World Health Communication Associates. ECDC would also like to acknowledge ECDC colleagues who reviewed and contributed to the document: John Kinsman, Andrea Würz and Marybelle Stryk. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Systematic scoping review on social media monitoring methods and interventions relating to vaccine hesitancy. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020. Stockholm, February 2020 ISBN 978-92-9498-452-4 doi: 10.2900/260624 Catalogue number TQ-04-20-076-EN-N © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020 Reproduction is authorised, provided the -
ADULT IMMUNISATION 2Nd Edition
Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy GUIDELINES FOR ADULT IMMUNISATION 2nd Edition 1 Quick Guide3 19-21 22-26 27-49 50-59 60-64 ≥65 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Influenza* 1 dose annually Tetanus, diphtheria, Substitute 1-time dose of Tdap for Td booster; pertussis (Td/Tdap)* then boost with Td every 10 yrs Varicella* 2 doses Human papillomavirus 3 doses (HPV) Female* Human papillomavirus 3 3 (HPV) Male* doses doses Zoster* 1 dose Measles, mumps, 1 or 2 doses rubella (MMR)* Pneumococcal 1 dose conjugate (PCV)* Pneumococcal 1 or 2 doses 1 dose polysaccharide (PPV)* Meningococcal* 1 or more doses Hepatitis A* 2 doses Hepatitis B* 3 doses Haemophilus 1 or 3 doses influenzaetype b (Hib)* For all persons in this category who meet the age requirements and who lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of previous infection; zoster vaccine recommended regardless of prior episode of zoster Recommended if some other risk factor is present (eg, on the basis of medical, occupational, lifestyle, or other) No recommendation *Please refer to relevant section for more details 2 Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy GUIDELINES FOR ADULT IMMUNISATION 2nd Edition Supported by an educational grant from 3 Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy ISBN 978-967-13054-0-9 First Edition Published December 2003 Second Edition Published April 2014, Revised November 2014 Copyright © Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy (MSIDC) 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the publisher. -
Final Scoping Study Report Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nicaragua
Final Scoping Study Report Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nicaragua Prepared for the CAO-Convened Dialogue Process on Chronic Renal Insufficiency Independent Report Prepared by Boston University School of Public Health Principal Investigator: Professor Daniel Brooks, DSc December 2009 Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman International Finance Corporation/ Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency www.cao-ombudsman.org Table of Contents Acronyms Used in Report…………………………………………………………….. 4 Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………… 6 I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………... 30 II. CKD in Nicaragua: State of Knowledge………………………………………….. 34 A. CKD as a global health problem………………………………………….. 34 1. Characteristics of renal disease in Nicaragua …………………… 40 B. Data on CKD in Nicaragua………………………………………………… 41 1. Mortality Statistics…………………………………………………… 42 2. Prevalence of CKD………………………………………………….. 44 3. Interpretation of the data on CKD in Nicaragua………………….. 51 4. Summary of prior research on CKD in Nicaragua……………….. 58 III. Potential Causes of CKD in Nicaragua…………………………………………… 84 A. Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 84 B. Specific Hypotheses…………………………………………………………. 86 1. Agrichemicals…………………………………………………………. 86 2. Volume Depletion…………………………………………………….. 89 3. Muscle Damage………………………………………………………. 90 4. Systemic Infections………………………………………………….. 92 5. Heavy metals: Lead………………………………………………… 94 6. Heavy metals: Cadmium……………………………………………. 97 7. Heavy metals: Uranium……………………………………………… 98 8. Aristolochic Acid……………………………………………………… 100 -
The Exemplar
Click here if you are having trouble viewing this message. The Exemplar December 2020 Hi Friend, Health leaders around the world are currently facing one of the most significant challenges of their generation – distributing COVID-19 vaccines quickly, strategically, and equitably. That’s why in this edition of the Exemplars newsletter, we’re sharing some of our most actionable insights on how countries have improved vaccine distribution and acceptance. We begin with an article by Dr. Heidi Larson, Professor of Anthropology, Risk and Decision Science at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and Director of The Vaccine Confidence Project, on her team’s new research on vaccine confidence. Dr. Larson looks at how the Philippines and Indonesia rebuilt public trust in vaccines specifically, and the health system more broadly, to improve vaccination rates and public health. We also share recent findings from our research in Peru, Bangladesh, and Rwanda on how these countries have succeeded in delivering vaccines to remote and vulnerable communities. In addition, Exemplars in Global Health research partners around the world are currently developing key lessons from Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia's success improving vaccine delivery. Sign up here to receive an email when that research is released early next year. This proved to be the perfect year for launching the Exemplars in Global Health program. We’ve been delighted by the response we’ve received so far. Please help us better serve the global health community by forwarding this newsletter to a contact or colleague who may not yet know about our work. And please let us know how we can do better or how we can help you through our services and research team. -
Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2019
OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 5 24 February 2020 Original: Spanish Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2019 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEURSHIP ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS (SRESCER) Working for the indivisibility, interdependence and effective protection of all human rights for all people in America "Until dignity becomes the norm" Soledad García Muñoz Special Rapporteur on Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental Rights Contents CHAPTER I: GENERAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................... 5 A. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 B. Main activities of the Special Rapporteur on ESCER ........................................................................ 7 1) Petitions and Cases System ......................................................................................................................... 8 2) Participation in IACHR sessions and public hearings ...................................................................... 8 3) Monitoring Activities ................................................................................................................................... 11 4) Mandate of Promotion and Technical Assistance Activities ........................................................ 12 5) San Salvador Protocol Working Group of the OAS ......................................................................... -
RSTMH Annual Meeting Emerging Diseases and Outbreaks 13 – 14 October 2020
RSTMH Annual Meeting Emerging Diseases and Outbreaks 13 – 14 October 2020 Day 1 10.30 - Pre-meeting networking 11.00 10.30 - Member Q&A with Chioma Dan Nwafor, Epidemiologist, Nigeria CDC 11.00 This session needs to be booked in advance through the conference platform. 10.30 Coffee and chat 11:00 Welcome and introduction Tamar Ghosh, CEO, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 11:10 Insights on COVID-19 Chair: Daniel Bausch, Director, UK Public Health Rapid Support Team George Fu Gao, Director, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention David Morens, Senior Advisor to the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA Theresa J. Ochoa, Director, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia 12.25 Break 12.45 – Lessons learnt from outbreaks Chair: Jimmy Whitworth, Professor of International Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Lassa Fever Chioma Dan Nwafor, Incident Manager, National Lassa Fever Emergency Operations Centre, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control MERS and SARS David Heymann, Professor of infectious disease epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Diphtheria in Displaced Communities Kate White, Health Lead, Emergency Desk, MSF 13.45 - Break 14:45 14:00 - Member Q&A with RSTMH President Gail Davey 14:30 Chair: Tamar Ghosh, CEO This session needs to be booked in advance through the conference platform 14:00 - Poster presentation networking 14:40 14:45 Turbo talks A series of five minute presentations from early -
Sources Necessary for the Prevention and Care of Childhood Diseases
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized HEALTH A KEY TOPROSPERITY Success Stories in Developing Countries UNESCO UNESCO This document includes examples of programmes supported by some UN funds, programmes and agencies. The principles and policies of each fund, programme and agency are governed by the relevant decisions of its governing body and each fund, programme and agency implements in accordance with these principles and policies within the scope of its mandate. A Global Movement is Needed Over the past decade, there has been a growing realization that poverty and health are very closely linked. We now know that a few diseases – such as HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, childhood diseases, and reproductive health conditions– are directly biting into the eco- nomic growth of poor countries. And there is increasing recognition of the sheer difficulty faced by developing nations as they seek to counter these health threats. As the success stories that follow show, it is possible to reverse the impact of infectious diseases and reproductive health conditions – even in the poorest countries. We know what works. A number of health interventions and tools can dramatically reduce deaths from the main killer diseases. They include insecticide-treated bednets to prevent malaria and malaria treatment for pregnant women and children, prevention and care programmes for HIV/AIDS, DOTS strategy to control TB, immunization to prevent measles, and antibiotics to prevent pneumonia deaths among children. If we can take these interventions to scale, making them available worldwide, we will have in our hands a concrete, result-oriented, and measurable way of starting to reduce poverty. -
Impact of Social and Political Factors That Affect Uptake of Health
How to build vaccine confidence in crisis situations Heidi J Larson, PhD Professor of Anthropology & Risk Director, The Vaccine Confidence Project London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine There are different kinds of crisis Outbreaks, natural disasters, conflicts and other human-made confidence crises There are complex, multiple crises Each has different implications https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/world/covid-vaccine-doses-latest-syria-yemen-b1772464.html Background crises matter They frame public trust Colombia: Girls fainting after HPV vaccination in Region with history of violence and sexual abuse HPV vaccine coverage rates and expected number of cases of cervical cancer and of deaths prevented 98% 100 90 88% 88% COLOMBIA 81% 80 (%) 70 2003 88% 61% 60 60% 1 dose coverage→ coverage Full regime 50 45% 4300 cases1900 40 deaths averted vaccine 30 24% 20 14% HPV HPV 10 5% 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 4th graders: 4th graders: 2007: 5% 4th graders: 9 yo. 9 yo. coverage→ + 9 yo. Catch-up casos 5th-11th graders 220 10-17 yo. averted Elaboración propia con datos procedentes del Ministerio de Salud Background confidence matters https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jun/19/survey-shows-crisis-of-confidence-in-vaccines-in-parts-of-europe [email protected] Across Africa, confidence in vaccine safety is well below importance Vaccines are Important? Safe? Vaccines are Important? Safe? Vaccines are Important? Safe? Algeria 65% 43% Ghana 88% 78% Niger 79% 74% Benin 79 64 Guinea 81 64 Nigeria 91 83 Botswana 91 75 Ivory -
Maternal Mental Health and Child Allostatic Load in Rural Nicaragua
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-09-10 Maternal mental health and child allostatic load in rural Nicaragua Hoehn, Natasha Christine Hoehn, N. C. (2018). Maternal mental health and child allostatic load in rural Nicaragua (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB doi:10.11575/PRISM/32962 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/107799 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Maternal mental health and child allostatic load in rural Nicaragua by Natasha Christine Hoehn A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ANTHROPOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2018 © Natasha Christine Hoehn 2018 Abstract Approximately 25% of individuals worldwide will experience a common mental disorder (CMD) in their lifetime, and previous studies have suggested that poor maternal mental health (MMH) is associated with negative child health and development outcomes. However, these studies use individual markers to represent overall child health status. An allostatic load (AL) index may provide a better understanding of overall health status by pooling together multiple markers of intermediary risk to poor health outcomes. Here, I tested for an association between the following variables in a cross-sectional sample of maternal-child dyads from rural Nicaragua: 1) MMH and individual child health measures. -
The Marketplace of Ideas for Policy Change
The Marketplace of Ideas for Policy Change Who do developing world leaders listen to and why? Contact AidData April 2015 | Full Report [email protected] www.aiddata.org ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication was prepared by a team led by Brad Parks, Zachary Rice, and Samantha Custer. Rebecca Latourell and Katie Paulson-Smith also made substantial contributions. However, the data and analysis contained in this report is the result of thousands of contributions from individuals and organizations over a five-year period. As such, we have accumulated many debts. The authors are indebted to Ronald Rapoport, Matt Andrews and Sarah Rose, for their insights on the survey questionnaire, weighting methodology, and early draft report. We extend a special thanks to Michael Tierney for his generous institutional support to facilitate our research from 2010 to 2015. The authors also acknowledge the generous financial support received from the Smith Richardson Foundation, the John Templeton Foundation, the College of William & Mary, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the World Bank. The authors wish to thank our outstanding team of student research assistants: Kelvin Abrokwa-Johnson, Melanie Aguilar-Rojas, Arvin Alaigh, Justin Anderson, India Braver, Ben Bunch, Paul Burgess, Megan Coolidge, Anca Cretu, Caroline Davis, Jerusalem Demsas, Jake Douglas, Thomas Fringer, Taylor Gaukel, Caitlin Grobarek, Lauren Hoy, Nakul Kadaba, Emily Kelly, Dan Kent, Greg Kirwin, Rachel Kling, Kristin Krejmas, Joe Lahouchuc, Alina Lam, Lisa Lee, Gabi Levi, Ziwei Li, Nic Martinez, Kate McGinnis, Nina Moreno, Robert Mosolgo, Ashley Napier, Rachel Nelson, James O'Leary, James Page, Alyse Prawde, Suzanne Reed, Emily Reeder, Kristin Ritchey, Sarah Sajewski, Salil Singhal, Austin Strange, Chelsea Stresler, Michael Testa, Jessica Tiblin, Marie Tummarello, Linh Vinh, Taylor Wilson, and Diana Winter. -
The Vaccine Confidence Tracker: UK a Nationally Representative Study of N=17,000
The Vaccine Confidence Tracker: UK A nationally representative study of n=17,000 June 2021 © UNICEF/ Mohammed UNICEF/ © 1. Executive summary 1 Executive summary Founded in 2010 The Vaccine Confidence Project (VCP) We have also seen a rise in COVID-19 vaccine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine confidence amongst the BAME community and with (LSHTM) was developed to understand responses to women who are now expressing as much confidence in hesitancy and misinformation on vaccination the vaccine as men. In W1 just 43% of women said they programmes. Today, the purpose of the project is to would ‘definitely’ take the vaccine; now among monitor public confidence in immunisation programmes unvaccinated women in the UK this number has through research and analysis. The VCP, in collaboration increased by more than half to 63%. with ORB International, have conducted one of the Yet London, together with Northern Ireland, show largest COVID-19 vaccine studies in the UK in 2021 significantly lower levels of confidence; and although to identify hesitancy and confidence amongst the the Black community has seen an increase in confidence population. The large sample size affords the ability (6% increase in those aged 18-44 years saying ‘definitely to not only heat map COVID-19 vaccine confidence yes’ between W1 and W2), there is still much work to do but also look at pertinent subgroups with a higher degree to convince them to take the vaccine. of statistical reliability. Unlike data emerging from the United States, neither The data reveals a statistically significant increase in politics nor religion show any significant correlation with COVID-19 vaccine confidence between W1 and W2. -
ADULT IMMUNISATION 2Nd Edition
Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy GUIDELINES FOR ADULT IMMUNISATION 2nd Edition 1 Quick Guide3 19-21 22-26 27-49 50-59 60-64 ≥65 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Influenza* 1 dose annually Tetanus, diphtheria, Substitute 1-time dose of Tdap for Td booster; pertussis (Td/Tdap)* then boost with Td every 10 yrs Varicella* 2 doses Human papillomavirus 3 doses (HPV) Female* Human papillomavirus 3 3 (HPV) Male* doses doses Zoster* 1 dose Measles, mumps, 1 or 2 doses rubella (MMR)* Pneumococcal 1 dose conjugate (PCV)* Pneumococcal 1 or 2 doses 1 dose polysaccharide (PPV)* Meningococcal* 1 or more doses Hepatitis A* 2 doses Hepatitis B* 3 doses Haemophilus 1 or 3 doses influenzaetype b (Hib)* For all persons in this category who meet the age requirements and who lack documentation of vaccination or have no evidence of previous infection; zoster vaccine recommended regardless of prior episode of zoster Recommended if some other risk factor is present (eg, on the basis of medical, occupational, lifestyle, or other) No recommendation *Please refer to relevant section for more details 2 Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy GUIDELINES FOR ADULT IMMUNISATION 2nd Edition Supported by an educational grant from 3 Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy ISBN 978-967-13054-0-9 First Edition Published December 2003 Second Edition Published April 2014, Revised October 2016 Copyright © Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy (MSIDC) 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the publisher.