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103. Señorita, Jabón, Doncella Soltera

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103. Señorita, Jabón, Doncella Soltera Especies marinas de valor comercial en el Estado de Guerrero 103. Señorita, jabón, doncella soltera Nombre científico: Halichoeres nicholsi espinas y 12 radios segmentados. Color en (Jordan y Gilbert 1882). machos adultos, verde azulado con una fran- Nombre en inglés: Spinster wrasse. ja vertical negra difusa cerca del extremo pos- terior de la aleta pectoral, precedida por una Familia: Labridae. mancha amarilla visible; aletas salpicadas con Distribución geográfica: Pacífico Oriental: manchitas de color azul claro, excepto las pec- Golfo de California hasta Panamá e islas Ga- torales. lápagos. Longitud máxima: 38 cm LT. Hábitat: Vive sobre fondos de arena y cascajal Artes de pesca: Línea de mano y anzuelos, bu- en la cercanía de arrecifes coralinos de entre ceo con arpón. tres a 27 m de profundidad, aunque puede descender hasta 53 metros. Importancia económica: Local y regional. Descripción: Cuerpo moderadamente esbelto Presentación: En fresco a pie de playa, enhie- y comprimido. Cabeza relativamente peque- lado y congelado. ña, terminada en punta roma. Boca pequeña Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: con dientes caniniformes, dos pares anterio- 3ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $55.00 a $70.00 res. Aleta dorsal continua; aleta anal con tres kilogramo. 160 Las especies marinas de importancia comercial 104. Lora Nombre científico: Scarus compressus Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: (Osburn y Nichols 1916). 2ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $60.00 a $75.00 Nombre en inglés: Azure parrotfish. kilogramo. Familia: Scaridae. Longitud y peso: n = 117 LT (cm) LP (cm) PT (g) Distribución geográfica: Pacífico Oriental. Mi- Mín 40.0 34.5 1 494.0 tad del Golfo de California a Ecuador e islas Máx 58.0 48.0 3 847.0 Galápagos. Media 46.7 41.2 2 343.4 d. e. 4.7 4.0 657.2 Hábitat: Habita en arrecifes coralinos o roco- Mediana 47.0 42.0 2 197.0 p 42.5 37.5 1 737.5 sos por lo menos hasta 25 m de profundidad. 25 p75 50.0 44.4 2 804.0 Descripción: Cuerpo oblongo, moderadamente UAV 58.0 48.0 3 847.0 comprimido. Perfil anterior de la cabeza romo y LAV 40.0 34.5 1 494.0 redondeado, provisto de una protuberancia por encima de los ojos. Placas dentarias de color verde y ampliamente expuestas. Aleta caudal truncada. Color azul claro a gris-azulado claro y aletas azul azul-verde con bordes azules. Longitud máxima: 54 cm LT. En Guerrero se han registrado longitudes de hasta 58 cm LT. Artes de pesca: Línea de mano, buceo con arpón. Importancia económica: Local y regional. Su carne es muy apreciada para consumo huma- no, por lo que en los últimos años se ha visto Diagramas de violín para Scarus compressus. explotada sin medidas de regulación. n Relación r2 Longitud primera Presentación: En fresco a pie de playa y enhie- peso-longitud captura lado. 117 PT = 0.078∙LT2.675 0.950 43.1 cm LT 161 Especies marinas de valor comercial en el Estado de Guerrero 105. Guacamayo Nombre científico: Scarus ghobban bre fondo anaranjado en la parte de los flancos Forsskål 1775. y rosado en la parte ventral, cabeza gris ana- Nombre en inglés: Blue-barred parrotfish. ranjada; ojos conectados con una franja verde a través de la frente; marcas verdes en la re- Familia: Scaridae. gión supraocular. Aletas pélvicas rosadas de Distribución geográfica: En todo el Pacífico; bordes verde azulado, la dorsal y anal rosadas en el Indo-Pacífico, desde la costa oriental de y una franja basal verde-azul. Aleta caudal con África y Mar Rojo; Pacífico Oriental: desde el bordes dorsal y ventral verdes. Golfo de California, Sinaloa hasta Panamá e Longitud máxima: 43 cm LP, probablemente islas Galápagos. más de 50 cm LT. Hábitat: Común cerca de arrecifes de corales y Artes de pesca: Línea de mano con anzuelos y fondos rocosos. buceo con arpón. Descripción: Cuerpo esbelto. Perfil de la ca- Importancia económica: Local y regional. beza angular y redondeado, romo en ejempla- res grandes. Placas dentarias blancas, gene- Presentación: En fresco a pie de playa, enhie- ralmente cubiertas por los labios; uno a tres lado y congelado. caninos laterales. Aleta caudal semilunar, con Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: lóbulos que se van prolongando conforme van 3ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $50.00 a $75.00 creciendo. Cuerpo de tonos verde azulados so- kilogramo. 162 Las especies marinas de importancia comercial 106. Perico Nombre científico: Scarus rubroviolaceus Dientes fusionados, formando placas dentales Bleeker 1847. expuestas. En vida cuerpo netamente bicolor Nombre en inglés: Ember parrotfish. que cambia después de su muerte a una co- loración predominantemente castaña con el Familia: Scaridae. vientre rosado-rojizo. Distribución geográfica: Indo-Pacífico Este al Longitud máxima: 70 cm LT. sur de África; Pacífico Oriental: en forma muy discontinua desde el Golfo de California hasta Artes de Pesca: Línea de mano. Panamá e Islas Galápagos. Importancia económica: Local y regional. Hábitat: Estrechamente asociado con arrecifes Presentación: En fresco a pie de playa, enhie- coralinos y más abundante en áreas con desa- lado y congelado. rrollo de corales. Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: Descripción: Cuerpo moderadamente alto. 3ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $50.00 a $75.00 Perfil de la cabeza muy empinado sobre la kilogramo. boca y formando una joroba bien definida. 163 Especies marinas de valor comercial en el Estado de Guerrero 107. Pámpano zapatero Nombre científico: Chaetodipterus zonatus ta dorsal con sus porciones espinosa y blanda (Girard 1858). bien definidas. Color blanco plateado a grisá- Nombre en inglés: Pacific spadefish. ceo, con seis barras negras en la cabeza y cos- tados; aletas negruzcas. Familia: Ephippidae. Longitud máxima: 65 cm LT. Distribución geográfica: Pacífico Oriental: San Diego, California, costa oeste de Baja Califor- Artes de pesca: Línea de mano y anzuelos, re- nia, Golfo de California a Perú. des de enmalle. Hábitat: Bahías y ensenadas con fondos de Importancia económica: Local y regional. arena y piedras. Presentación: En fresco a pie de playa, enhie- Descripción: Cuerpo muy alto y lateralmen- lado y congelado. te comprimido; cabeza corta, boca pequeña y Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: terminal, las mandíbulas alcanzan posterior- 3ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $50.00 a $60.00 mente el borde anterior del ojo. Una sola ale- kilogramo. 164 Las especies marinas de importancia comercial 108. Pámpano, pollera Nombre científico: Parapsettus panamensis Longitud y peso: (Steindachner 1876). n = 103 LT (cm) LP (cm) PT (g) Nombre en inglés: Panama spadefish. Mín 19.0 14.5 11.5 Máx 24.0 17.5 333.5 Familia: Ephippidae. Media 19.9 15.2 126.3 Distribución Geográfica: Pacífico Oriental: del d. e. 1.2 0.7 119.2 Golfo de California a Perú. Mediana 19.5 15.0 13.5 p 19.0 15.0 12.5 Hábitat: Bentónico. Habita en aguas someras, 25 p75 20.0 15.5 239.5 en arrecifes coralinos y sobre fondos de arena UAV 21.5 16.0 333.5 y rocosos. LAV 19.0 14.5 11.5 Descripción: Cuerpo muy alto y lateralmente comprimido; cabeza corta, boca pequeña y cha- ta; las mandíbulas alcanzan posteriormente la parte media del ojo. Aletas pélvicas muy peque- ñas. Color gris plateado con aletas negruzcas; aletas pectorales y caudal con matiz amarillento. Longitud máxima: 40 cm LT. Artes de pesca: Línea de mano con anzuelos. Importancia económica: Local y regional. Presentación: En fresco a pie de playa y enhie- Diagramas de violín para Parapsettus panamensis. lado. Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: n Relación r2 Longitud primera 3ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $50.00 a $60.00 peso-longitud captura kilogramo. 103 PT = 1.180∙LT1.781 0.990 20.2 cm LT 165 Especies marinas de valor comercial en el Estado de Guerrero 109. Cirujano Nombre científico: Acanthurus xanthopterus placas óseas dotadas de quillas cortantes a am- Valenciennes 1835. bos lados del pedúnculo caudal. Boca peque- Nombre en inglés: Yellowfin surgeonfish. ña; aleta dorsal continua. Color grisáceo y más pálido en el vientre; aleta caudal en forma de Familia: Acanthuridae. luna. Área amarilla alrededor y frente al ojo. Distribución geográfica: Indo-Pacífico, de la Longitud máxima: 65 cm LT, común a 50 cm LT. costa Este de África a islas hawaianas y Japón; Pacifico Oriental desde la parte baja del Golfo Artes de pesca: Línea de mano con anzuelos, de California hasta Panamá y las Galápagos. buceo con arpón. Hábitat: Habita en costas rocosas de entre 12 a Importancia económica: Local. 20 m de profundidad. Puede encontrarse solita- Presentación: Generalmente en fresco a pie de ria o en pequeños cardúmenes. Común en ba- playa y enhielado. hías y lagunas, también en pendientes externas Clasificación comercial y valor en el mercado: de arrecifes hasta 100 m de profundidad. 3ª clase. Precio a pie de playa: $55.00 a $65.00 Descripción: Cuerpo alto y comprimido, con kg. una espina plegable en forma de lanceta y tres 166 Las especies marinas de importancia comercial 110. Machín Nombre científico: Prionorus punctatus Longitud y peso: Gill 1862. n = 94 LT (cm) LP (cm) PT (g) Nombre en inglés: Yellowtail surgeonfish. Mín 20.0 15.0 383.0 Máx 38.3 31.5 1 589.0 Familia: Acanthuridae Media 31.3 26.3 1 116.5 d. e. 5.6 5.2 343.6 Distribución geográfica: Pacífico Oriental Mediana 31.6 27.5 1 114.0 p 31.0 27.0 1 082.0 Central. Golfo de California a El Salvador. 25 p75 33.9 28.5 1 292.0 Hábitat: Habita en costas rocosas de entre seis UAV 33.9 28.5 1 589.0 a 12 m de profundidad.
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